Laws, Charters, Constitutions, Bills of Right

About this Collection

We have gathered here legal documents which have contributed to the creation of a legal framework for the functioning of free socieites.

Key People

Titles & Essays

Address of the Free Constitutionalists to the People of the United States (1860)

Lysander Spooner (author)

Spooner published this pamphlet prior to the election in November 1860 urging voters not to vote for the Republican Party because it had no plan for the abolition of slavery.

Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters

Hammurabi (author)

The book contains the code of Hammurabi, the prologue and epilogue, letters by Hammurabi and other political leaders, as well as a detailed discussion of the historical and legal background of Babylonian and Assyrian laws.

BOLL 37: Montesquieu, “Of the Constitution of England” (1748)

Charles Louis de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu (author)

This is part of “The Best of the Online Library of Liberty” which is a collection of some of the most important material in the OLL. This influential…

BOLL 41: “Magna Carta” (The Great Charter) (1215)

OLL Editor (editor)

41: “Magna Carta” (The Great Charter) (1215) The document known as Magna Carta was an agreement signed between King John and his feudal nobles in…

BOLL 43: “The Habeas Corpus Act” (1679)

OLL Editor (editor)

This is part of “The Best of the Online Library of Liberty” which is a collection of some of the most important material in the OLL. A thematic list…

BOLL 44: “The English Bill of Rights” (1689)

OLL Editor (editor)

This is part of “The Best of the Online Library of Liberty” which is a collection of some of the most important material in the OLL. A thematic list…

BOLL 45 [George Mason], “The Virginia Bill of Rights” (June, 1776)

George Mason (author)

This is part of “The Best of the Online Library of Liberty” which is a collection of some of the most important material in the OLL. A thematic list…

BOLL 72: “Three Agreements of the People” (1647-49)

John Lilburne (author)

This is part of “The OLL Reader: An Anthology of the Best of the OLL” which is a collection of some of the most important material in the OLL. A…

The Code of Hammurabi

Hammurabi (author)

The Code of Hammurabi is a collection of the King of Babylon’s laws which were inscribed on stone columns towards the end of his reign. The 282 case laws include economic provisions (prices, tariffs, trade, and commercial…

The Concise Magna Carta: The 63 Clauses in Latin, English, and with Commentary

David M. Hart (editor)

The text, translation, and commentary have been taken from William Sharp McKechnie’s edition of 1914. The lengthly historical introduction and appendices have been removed for reasons of space. The 63 clauses are in Latin and…

Constitution of Athens

Aristotle (author)

Probably written by a pupil of Aristotle, it is the first history of Athens as a model democracy, how it came into existence, and how it operated in practice.

The Constitution of England; Or, an Account of the English Government

Jean Louis De Lolme (author)

The Constitution of England is one of the most distinguished eighteenth-century treatises on English political liberty. Like Montesquieu’s Spirit of the Laws (1748) and Blackstone’s Commentaries on the Laws of England (1765–1769), De…

The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 1625-1660

Samuel Rawson Gardiner (editor)

A collection of constitutional documents from the English Revolution of the mid-17th century. They include parliamentary speeches, letters and declarations by the monarch, legal proceedings, and other documents. They are preceded by…

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Culture Wars, Obscenity, and Censorship: Benjamin Tucker Today

By: Michael Zigismund

In recent years, conservative lawmakers across the country have increasingly followed Florida Governor Ron DeSantis in censoring or attempting to restrict race- or gender-related content in schools and public libraries.
What would…
The Federal and State Constitutions, 7 vols.

Francis Newton Thorpe (editor)

Thorpe was commissioned by the U.S. Congress to edit a 7 volume collection of Colonial, Federal and State constitutions in 1906. The volumes are in alphabetical order, with Volume 1 dealing with United States-Alabama-District of…

The Federal and State Constitutions, Vol. I United States-Alabama-District of Columbia

Francis Newton Thorpe (editor)

Thorpe was commissioned by the U.S. Congress to edit a 7 volume collection of Colonial, Federal and State constitutions in 1906. The volumes are in alphabetical order, with Volume 1 dealing with Alabama through the District of…

The Federal and State Constitutions, Vol. II Florida-Kansas

Francis Newton Thorpe (editor)

Thorpe was commissioned by the U.S. Congress to edit a 7 volume collection of Colonial, Federal and State constitutions in 1906. The volumes are in alphabetical order, with Volume 2 dealing with Florida through Kansas.

The Federal and State Constitutions, Vol. III Kentucky-Massachusetts

Francis Newton Thorpe (editor)

Thorpe was commissioned by the U.S. Congress to edit a 7 volume collection of Colonial, Federal and State constitutions in 1906. The volumes are in alphabetical order, with Volume 3 dealing with Kentucky through Massachusetts.

The Federal and State Constitutions, Vol. IV Michigan-New Hampshire

Francis Newton Thorpe (editor)

Thorpe was commissioned by the U.S. Congress to edit a 7 volume collection of Colonial, Federal and State constitutions in 1906. The volumes are in alphabetical order, with Volume 4 dealing with Michigan through New Hampshire.

The Federal and State Constitutions, Vol. V New Jersey-Philippine Islands

Francis Newton Thorpe (editor)

Thorpe was commissioned by the U.S. Congress to edit a 7 volume collection of Colonial, Federal and State constitutions in 1906. The volumes are in alphabetical order, with Volume 5 dealing with New Jersey through the Philippine…

The Federal and State Constitutions, Vol. VI Porto Rico-Vermont

Francis Newton Thorpe (editor)

Thorpe was commissioned by the U.S. Congress to edit a 7 volume collection of Colonial, Federal and State constitutions in 1906. The volumes are in alphabetical order, with Volume 6 dealing with Porto Rico through Vermont.

The Federal and State Constitutions, Vol. VII Virginia-Wyoming-Index

Francis Newton Thorpe (editor)

Thorpe was commissioned by the U.S. Congress to edit a 7 volume collection of Colonial, Federal and State constitutions in 1906. The volumes are in alphabetical order, with Volume 7 dealing with Virginia through Wyoming.

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How a liberal Constitution became a forbidden book

By: Alberto Mingardi

The old world ended with a bang, not with a whimper. After the Bastille, no political thinker could escape the haunting ghost of the French Revolution - and indeed students of politics still cannot. Antonio Rosmini (1787-1855) was…
Institutes of Roman Law

Gaius (author)

An edition with Latin, English translations, and extensive editorial commentary. The Institutes of Roman Law is Gaius’ best known work which became the authoritative legal text during the late Roman Empire. It was the first…

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Laws of a Bygone Civilization

By: Barry Cooper

Liberty Fund’s Online Library of Liberty offers its readers the opportunity to learn from C.H.W. Johns’s classic 1904 edition of Babylonian and Assyrian Laws, Contracts and Letters. As with later collections of early Mesopotamian…
Liberty Matters: Magna Carta after 800 Years: From liber homo to modern freedom (May, 2015)

Justin Champion (author)

This Liberty Matters discussion invited four leading historians to explain what Magna Carta was, why it has appealed to so many people over the years, the impact it has had on the development of Anglo-American legal and political…

Magna Carta: A Commentary

John Lackland (King John) (author)

This is a detailed and meticulous edition of Magna Carta with each clause in the original Latin, followed by an English translation and heavily annotated by the editor.

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Niko Nikoladze: Liberal Nationalism, the Constitution of the United States and International Law

By: Irakli Javakhishvili

In 1865, when he was a student, young Niko Nikoladze met Karl Marx in London. The latter offered him the opportunity to be the representative of the First International in Transcaucasia, which Nikoladze delicately refused.

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On Civil Liberty and Self-Government

Francis Lieber (author)

Lieber discusses the nature of civil iberty, its history, the rule of law, parliament, the independence of the judiciary, and includes a nuber of English, American, and French constitutinal documents.

The Roots of Liberty: Magna Carta and the Anglo-American Tradition of Rule of Law

John Phillip Reid (author)

This is a critical collection of essays on the origin and nature of the idea of liberty. The authors explore the development of English ideas of liberty and the relationship those ideas hold to modern conceptions of rule of law.

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The Bill of Rights

By: Andrew Smith

The ink was barely dry on the Bill of Rights when the U.S. Congress began attempting to restrict speech it might disagree with.

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Why George Mason Matters

By: Daniel L. Dreisbach

There is an unfortunate tendency among students of the American founding to focus on the accomplishments of a few “famous founders” while ignoring the salient contributions of an expansive fraternity of “forgotten founders.” One…
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Quotes

Free Trade

The right to free trade under Magna Carta (1215)

John Lackland (King John)

Natural Rights

The State of California issued its own Bill of Rights in 1849 with a strong defence of property rights (1849)

Francis Newton Thorpe

Politics & Liberty

The State of New York declares that the people may “reassume” their delegated powers at any time they choose (1788)

Jonathan Elliot