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The Federalist (Gideon ed.)

The Federalist, by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, constitutes a text central to the American political tradition. Published in newspapers in 1787 and 1788 to explain and promote ratification of the proposed Constitution for the United States, which up to then were bound by the Articles of Confederation, The Federalist remains today of singular importance to students of liberty around the world. The new Liberty Fund edition presents the text of the Gideon edition of The Federalist, published in 1818, which includes the preface to the text by Jacob Gideon as well as the responses and corrections prepared by Madison to the McLean edition of 1810. The McLean edition had presented the The Federalist texts as corrected by Hamilton and Jay but not reviewed by Madison. The Liberty Fund The Federalist also includes a new introduction, a Reader’s Guide outlining - section by section - the arguments of The Federalist, a glossary, and ten appendixes, including the Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, the Virginia Resolution Proposing the Annapolis Convention, and other key documents leading up to the transmission of the Constitution to the governors of the several states. Finally, the Constitution of the United States and Amendments is given, with marginal cross-references to the pertinent passages in The Federalist that address, argue for, or comment upon the specific term, phrase, section, or article of the Constitution.

The Federalist (The Gideon Edition), Edited with an Introduction, Reader’s Guide, Constitutional Cross-reference, Index, and Glossary by George W. Carey and James McClellan (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2001).

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The copyright to this edition, in both print and electronic forms, is held by Liberty Fund, Inc.

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Author: Alexander Hamilton
Author: John Jay
Author: James Madison
Introduction: James McClellan
Introduction: George W. Carey

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Contents
Editors’ Introduction
THE MOVEMENT TOWARD CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM
CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN THE STATES
THE ANNAPOLIS CONVENTION
THE FEDERAL CONVENTION
THE RATIFICATION STRUGGLE
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FEDERALIST
Reader’s Guide to The Federalist
PART I: Advantages of a More Perfect Union
PART II: Weaknesses of the Existing Confederation
PART III: Powers That Should Be Exercised by a National Government
PART IV: Why the Proposed Constitution Conforms with the Principles of Republicanism and Good Government
A.: The General Form of Government
B.: The Powers of Government
C.: The Separation of Powers
D.: The House of Representatives
E.: The Senate
F.: The Presidency
G.: The Judiciary
H.: Concluding Observations
Preface to the Gideon Edition (1818)
THE FEDERALIST
No. 1
Introduction
No. 2
Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force Influence
No. 3
The same Subject continued
No. 4
The same Subject continued
No. 5
The same Subject continued
No. 6
Concerning Dangers from War between the States
No. 7
The subject continued, and Particular Causes Enumerated
No. 8
The effects of Internal War in producing Standing Armies, and other institutions unfriendly to liberty
No. 9
The Utility of the Union as a Safeguard against Domestic Faction and Insurrection
No. 10
The same Subject continued
No. 11
The Utility of the Union in respect to Commerce and a Navy
No. 12
The Utility of the Union in respect to Revenue
No. 13
The same Subject continued, with a view to Economy
No. 14
An Objection drawn from the Extent of Country, Answered
No. 15
Concerning the Defects of the Present Confederation, in Relation to the Principle of Legislation for the States in their Collective Capacities
No. 16
The same Subject continued, in relation to the same Principles
No. 17
The Subject continued, and Illustrated by Examples, to Show the tendency of Federal Governments, rather to Anarchy among the Members, than Tyranny in the Head
No. 18*
The Subject continued, with further Examples
No. 19
The Subject continued, with further Examples
No. 20
The Subject continued, with further Examples
No. 21
Further defects of the present Constitution
No. 22
The same subject continued, and concluded
No. 23
The necessity of a government, at least equally energetic with the one proposed
No. 24
The subject continued, with an answer to an objection concerning standing armies
No. 25
The subject continued, with the same view
No. 26
The subject continued with the same view
No. 27
The subject continued, with the same view
No. 28
The same subject continued
No. 29
Concerning the militia
No. 30
Concerning taxation
No. 31
The same subject continued
No. 32
The same subject continued
No. 33
The same subject continued
No. 34
The same subject continued
No. 35
The same subject continued
No. 36
The same subject continued
No. 37
Concerning the difficulties which the convention must have experienced in the formation of a proper plan
No. 38
The subject continued, and the incoherence of the objections to the plan, exposed
No. 39
The conformity of the plan to republican principles: an objection in respect to the powers of the convention, examined
No. 40
The same objection further examined
No. 41
General view of the powers proposed to be vested in the union
No. 42
The same view continued
No. 43
The same view continued
No. 44
The same view continued and concluded
No. 45
A further discussion of the supposed danger from the powers of the union, to the state governments
No. 46
The subject of the last paper resumed; with an examination of the comparative means of influence of the federal and state governments
No. 47
The meaning of the maxim, which requires a separation of the departments of power, examined and ascertained
No. 48
The same subject continued, with a view to the means of giving efficacy in practice to that maxim
No. 49
The same subject continued, with the same view
No. 50
The same subject continued, with the same view
No. 51
The same subject continued, with the same view, and concluded
No. 52
Concerning the house of representatives, with a view to the qualifications of the electors and elected, and the time of service of the members
No. 53
The same subject continued, with a view of the term of service of the members
No. 54
The same subject continued, with a view to the ratio of representation
No. 55
The same subject continued, in relation to the total number of the body
No. 56
The same subject continued, in relation to the same point
No. 57
The same subject continued, in relation to the supposed tendency of the plan of the convention to elevate the few above the many
No. 58
The same subject continued, in relation to the future augmentation of the members
No. 59
Concerning the regulation of elections
No. 60
The same subject continued
No. 61
The same subject continued, and concluded
No. 62
Concerning the constitution of the senate, with regard to the qualifications of the members; the manner of appointing them; the equality of representation; the number of the senators, and the duration of their appointments
No. 63
A further view of the constitution of the senate, in regard to the duration of the appointment of its members
No. 64
A further view of the constitution of the senate, in regard to the power of making treaties
No. 65
A further view of the constitution of the senate, in relation to its capacity, as a court for the trial of impeachments
No. 66
The same subject continued
No. 67
Concerning the constitution of the president: a gross attempt to misrepresent this part of the plan detected
No. 68
The view of the constitution of the president continued, in relation to the mode of appointment
No. 69
The same view continued, with a comparison between the president and the king of Great Britain, on the one hand, and the governor of New York, on the other
No. 70
The same view continued, in relation to the unity of the executive, and with an examination of the project of an executive council
No. 71
The same view continued, in regard to the duration of the office
No. 72
The same view continued, in regard to the re-eligibility of the president
No. 73
The same view continued, in relation to the provision concerning support, and the power of the negative
No. 74
The same view continued, in relation to the command of the national forces, and the power of pardoning
No. 75
The same view continued, in relation to the power of making treaties
No. 76
The same view continued, in relation to the appointment of the officers of the government
No. 77
The view of the constitution of the president concluded, with a further consideration of the power of appointment, and a concise examination of his remaining powers
No. 78
A view of the constitution of the judicial department in relation to the tenure of good behaviour
No. 79
A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the provisions for the support and responsibility of the judges
No. 80
A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the extent of its powers
No. 81
A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the distribution of its authority
No. 82
A further view of the judicial department, in reference to some miscellaneous questions
No. 83
A further view of the judicial department, in relation to the trial by jury
No. 84
Concerning several miscellaneous objections
No. 85
Conclusion
Glossary
Appendixes
APPENDIX 1: The Declaration of Independence* In Congress, July 4, 1776
THE UNANIMOUS DECLARATION OF THE THIRTEEN UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
APPENDIX 2: Articles of Confederation* March 1, 1781
TO ALL TO WHOM THESE PRESENTS SHALL COME, WE THE UNDER SIGNED DELEGATES OF THE STATES AFFIXED TO OUR NAMES, SEND GREETING.
APPENDIX 3: Virginia Resolution Proposing the Annapolis Convention* January 21, 1786
APPENDIX 4: Proceedings of the Annapolis Convention*
ANNAPOLIS IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND
September 11th 1786
Wednesday September 13th 1786
Thursday September 14th 1786
APPENDIX 5: Virginia Resolution Providing for Delegates to the Federal Convention of 1787* November 23, 1786
APPENDIX 6: Call by the Continental Congress for the Federal Convention of 1787* Wednesday Feby. 21, 1787
APPENDIX 7: Resolution of the Federal Convention Submitting the Constitution to the Continental Congress* In Convention Monday September 17th 1787
APPENDIX 8: Washington’s Letter of Transmittal to the President of the Continental Congress* In Convention, September 17, 1787
APPENDIX 9: Resolution of the Continental Congress Submitting the Constitution to the Several States* Friday Sept 28. 1787
APPENDIX 10: Letter of the Secretary of the Continental Congress Transmitting Copy of the Constitution to the Several Governors*
The Constitution of the United States (cross-referenced with The Federalist)*
THE PREAMBLE
ARTICLE I
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
SECTION 5
SECTION 6
SECTION 7
SECTION 8: The Congress shall have Power
SECTION 9
SECTION 10
ARTICLE II
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
ARTICLE III
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
ARTICLE IV
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
ARTICLE V
ARTICLE VI
ARTICLE VII
THE AMENDMENTS
Amendment I
Amendment II
Amendment III
Amendment IV
Amendment V
Amendment VI
Amendment VII
Amendment VIII
Amendment IX
Amendment X
Amendment XI (Ratified February 7, 1795)
Amendment XII (Ratified June 15, 1804)
Amendment XIII (Ratified December 6, 1865)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Amendment XIV (Ratified July 9, 1868)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
SECTION 5
Amendment XV (Ratified February 3, 1870)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Amendment XVI (Ratified February 3, 1913)
Amendment XVII (Ratified April 8, 1913)
Amendment XVIII (Ratified January 16, 1919)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
Amendment XIX (Ratified August 18, 1920)
Amendment XX (Ratified January 23, 1933)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 314
SECTION 4
SECTION 5
SECTION 6
Amendment XXI (Ratified December 5, 1933)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
Amendment XXII (Ratified February 27, 1951)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Amendment XXIII (Ratified March 29, 1961)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Amendment XXIV (Ratified January 23, 1964)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Amendment XXV (Ratified February 10, 1967)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
SECTION 3
SECTION 4
Amendment XXVI (Ratified June 30, 1971)
SECTION 1
SECTION 2
Amendment XXVII (Ratified May 7, 1992)

The Federalist (Gideon ed.)

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