Philosophy

18th Century British Moral Philosophy

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Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Introduction by Lewis Amherst Selby-Bigge in British Moralists, being Selections from Writers principally of the Eighteenth Century, edited with an Introduction and analytical…

Cicero on Friendship

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Cicero

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Cicero Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Introduction to Cicero De Amicitia (On Friendship) and Scipio’s Dream, translated with an Introduction and Notes by Andrew P. Peabody…

Cicero on Moral Duties

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Cicero

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Cicero Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Introduction to Cicero De Officiis, translated with an Introduction and Notes by Andrew P. Peabody (Boston: Little, Brown, and Co.,…

Cicero on Old Age

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Cicero

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Cicero Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Introduction to Cicero De Senectute (On Old Age), translated with an Introduction and Notes by Andrew P. Peabody (Boston: Little,…

Confucius: Influence and Doctrines

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Confucius

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Confucius

Source: Confucius, The Chinese Classics: Translated into English with Preliminary Essays and Explanatory Notes by James Legge. Vol. 1. The Life and Teachings of…

Descartes: LIfe & Works

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Works by Descartres

Source: The Method, Meditations and Philosophy of Descartes, translated from the Original Texts, with a new introductory Essay, Historical and Critical by John Veitch and a Special…

Emerson on Montaigne

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Works by Montaigne, Emerson

Source: Emerson's Introduction to Essays of Montaigne, vol. 1, trans. Charles Cotton, revised by William Carew Hazlett (New York: Edwin C. Hill, 1910).

MONTAIGNE

EVERY FACT is…

Epictetus' Philosophy

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Epictetus

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Epictetus Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: The Works of Epictetus. Consisting of His Discourses, in Four Books, The Enchiridion, and Fragments. A Translation from the…

Fordyce’s Moral Philosophy

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David Fordyce Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Introduction to Fordyce's The Elements of Moral Philosophy, in Three Books with a Brief Account of the Nature, Progress, and Origin of Philosophy, ed. Thomas Kennedy…

Herbert Spencer, Principles of Ethics (1887)


Author: The Principles of Ethics, 2 vols. (1897, 1978).

Description: A two volume work which Spencer considered to be his finest work. In volume I he covers the data of ethics, the inductions of ethics, and the ethics of…

Hobbes' Philosophy

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Works by Thomas Hobbes

Source: Pogson Smith's essay from Hobbes’s Leviathan reprinted from the edition of 1651 with an Essay by the Late W.G. Pogson Smith (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1909).

THE PHILOSOPHY OF…
Hodgskin on the Natural Right to Property (1832)

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Thomas Hodgskin School of Thought: 19thC English Radical Individualists Topic: Natural Law

Source: The Natural and Artificial Right of Property Contrasted. A Series of Letters, addressed without permission to…

Home on Criticism

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Henry Home, Lord Kames Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Introduction to Home's Elements of Criticism, Edited and with an Introduction by Peter Jones (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2005). 2 vols. Vol. 1.

Hospers and the Socratic Spirit

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John Hospers Subject Area: Philosophy

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Hospers: Bibliographical Essay on 20thC Ethics

Source: Editorial in Literature of Liberty, Spring 1981, vol. 4, No. 1

Hume the Pihlosopher

In History of England a portrait of the author was included. In all the earliest editions the typographical error where "Philosopher" is misspelt "Pihlosopher" remained uncorrected. Liberty Fund's edition continues this…

Hume’s Essays

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Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: David Hume, Essays Moral, Political, Literary, edited and with a Foreword, Notes, and Glossary by Eugene F. Miller, with an appendix of variant readings from the 1889 edition by…

Hutcheson and the Passions

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Francis Hutcheson Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Introduction to Hutcheson's An Essay on the Nature and Conduct of the Passions and Affections, with Illustrations on the Moral Sense, ed. Aaron Garrett…

Hutcheson on Liberty and Happiness

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Subject Area: Philosophy Francis Hutcheson

Source: Editor's Introduction to Hutcheson's An Inquiry into the Original of Our Ideas of Beauty and Virtue in Two Treatises, ed. Wolfgang Leidhold (Indianapolis:…

Hutcheson on Logic, Metaphysics & Sociability

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Francis Hutcheson Collection: Natural Law & Enlightenment

Source: Francis Hutcheson's Logic, Metaphysics, and the Natural Sociability of Mankind, ed. James Moore and Michael Silverthorne, texts translated…

Hutcheson’s Annotated Table of Contents to Philosophiae Moralis

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Francis Hutcheson Collection: Natural Law and Enlightenment Series

Source: Francis Hutcheson, Philosophiae moralis institutio compendiaria with a Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy, edited and with an…

Hutcheson’s Moral Philosophy

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Franics Hutcheson Topic: Natural Law and Ntural Rights

Source: Francis Hutcheson, Philosophiae moralis institutio compendiaria with a Short Introduction to Moral Philosophy, edited and with an Introduction by…

Kant and Education

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Immanuel Kant

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Immanuel Kant Topic: Education

Source: Introduction to Kant on Education (Ueber Paedagogik), trans. Annette Churton, introduction by C.A. Foley Rhys Davids (Boston:…

Kant’s Critique of Judgement

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Immanuel Kant Subject Area: Philosophy

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Immanuel Kant

Source: Translator's Introduction to Kant’s Critique of Judgement, translated with Introduction and Notes by J.H. Bernard (2nd…

Kant’s Philosophy

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Works by Kant

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Kant

Source: The Metaphysics of Ethics by Immanuel Kant, trans. J.W. Semple, ed. with Iintroduction by Rev. Henry Calderwood (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark, 1886) (3rd…

Kant’s Position as a Philosopher

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Works by Kant Subject Area: Philosophy

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Kant

Source: Translator's Introduction in Kant’s Prolegomena and Metaphysical Foundations of Natural Science, trans. with a Biography and…

Maimonides & the Perplexed

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Maimonides

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Maimonides Subject Area: Religion

Source: Introduction to Maimondies' A Guide for the Perplexed, translated from the original Arabic text by M. Friedlaender, 4th…

Mencius: Opinions and Influence

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Mencius Confucius

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Mencuis Confucius

Source: Mencius, The Chinese Classics: Translated into English with Preliminary Essays and Explanatory Notes by James Legge. Vol. 2 The Life and…

Paley’s Moral Philosophy

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William Paley Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Introduction to Paley's The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy, Foreword by D.L. Le Mahieu (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2002).

Foreword

WILLIAM PALEY’…

Passmore on the Perfectibility of Man

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Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: John Passmore, (3rd ed.) (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2000).

Plotinus: A Conspectus of his Philosophy

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Plotinus

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Plotinus Subject Area: Religion

Source: Appendix to Plotinus, The Ethical Treatises, being the Treatises of the First Ennead, with Porphry’s Life of Plotinus, and the…

Pufendorf on the Duty of Man

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Pufendorf Collection: Natural Law and Enlightenment

Source: Editor's Introduction to The Whole Duty of Man According to the Law of Nature, trans. Andrew Tooke, ed. Ian Hunter and David Saunders, with Two…

Rhazes’s Spiritual Physic

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Rhazes Subject Area: Philosophy

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Rhazes

Source: Introduction to The Spiritual Physic of Rhazes, trans. Arthur J. Arberry (London: John Murray, 1950).

INTRODUCTION

Rhazes, “…

Scottish School of Common Sense

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David Hume Adam Ferguson School of Thought: Scottish Enlightenment

Source: Thomas Reid, Selections from the Scottish Philosophy of Common Sense, edited, with an introduction by G.A. Johnston (Chicago: Open…

Shaftesbury’s Aesthetics & Moral Philosophy

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Shaftesbury's Illustrations

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Earl of Shaftesbury Subject Area: Philosophy

Source: Editors' Introduction to Shaftesbury's Characteristicks of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times, ed. Douglas den Uyl…

Turnbull and Liberal Education

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Topic: Education George Turnbull

Source: Edior's Introduction to Turnbull's Observations upon Liberal Education, in All its Branches, ed. Terrence O. Moore, Jr. (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2003).

Introduction…
Upanishads and Philosophy

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Upanishads

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Upanishads Subject Area: Religion

Source: Misc (Upanishads), The Thirteen Principal Upanishads, translated from the Sanskrit with an outline of the philosophy of the…

The following are a selection of chapters and extracts taken from books in the OLL collection. They have been chosen because of their special importance for understanding the principles of individual liberty, limited government, and the free market. Some of the extracts are from the books themselves and serve as a representative sample of that author’s ideas. Others are introductions written by the editors of the volume which contain important biographical information about the author and a discussion of their ideas. Links are provided to the book from which the extract was taken so the reader can pursue the subject in more depth if they are interested.

Other collections of material from the OLL which are useful places to begin exploring these ideas are the following:

Further Reading

Selected Chapters and Introductions from the Collection