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The Comedy of Protection (1906)

Guyot provides a history of French tariff policy from the time of Colbert and a discussion of its effects on particular industries such as textiles and food. He then discusses protection in the US and Germany and refutes many arguments in favour of tariffs.

The Comedy of Protection, trans. M.A. Hamilton (London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1906).

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Author: Yves Guyot
Translator: Mary Agnes Hamilton

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PREFACE
I
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
CONTENTS
The Comedy of Protection
BOOK I: FLUCTUATIONS IN THE FRENCH CUSTOMS TARIFF
CHAPTER I: COLBERTISM AND ITS EFFECTS
CHAPTER II: FROM 1791 TO 1814
CHAPTER III: THE REVENGE OF THE ÉMIGRÉS
CHAPTER IV: THE “FEUDATORIES” OF THE JULY GOVERNMENT
CHAPTER V: UNIVERSAL SUFFRAGE—RAMPANT PROTECTIONISM
CHAPTER VI: COBDEN AND THE 1860 TREATY
CHAPTER VII: SUBMISSION OF THE REPUBLICANS TO THE FISCAL POLICY OF THEIR ADVERSARIES
CHAPTER VIII: RESULTS OF THE 1860 TREATIES
CHAPTER IX: ECONOMIC REACTION OF 1881
CHAPTER X: BARGAIN BETWEEN LANDLORDS AND MANUFACTURERS
CHAPTER XI: TARIFF FREEDOM
CHAPTER XII: BREACH IN THE MINIMUM TARIFF
CHAPTER XIII: SOCIALISM AND DEAR BREAD
CHAPTER XIV: DECEPTION
CHAPTER XV: THE PANACEA OF BIMETALLISM
CHAPTER XVI: UNDERSELLING IN WINES
CHAPTER XVII: TARIFF WAR BETWEEN FRANCE AND ITALY
CHAPTER XVIII: BOUNTIES TO THE MERCHANT SERVICE
CHAPTER XIX: SUGAR BOUNTIES
CHAPTER XX: IMPORT BONDS
CHAPTER XXI: TEMPORARY ADMISSIONS
CHAPTER XXII: FOREIGN TRADE BETWEEN 1860 AND 1903—FRANCE AND ENGLAND
First Period.
Second Period.
CHAPTER XXIII: THIERS’ AGRICULTURAL FORECASTS
CHAPTER XXIV: DEFINITE RESULTS OF THE 1860 TREATY
CHAPTER XXV: REACTION AND THE PROTECTIONIST FEVER
BOOK II: PROTECTED AND RESTRICTED INDUSTRIES
CHAPTER I: THE POSTULATES OF PROTECTION
CHAPTER II: RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF DIFFERENT INDUSTRIES
CHAPTER III: THE PRINCIPAL GROUP OF INDUSTRIES IN FRANCE
I.—: Numerical Importance.
II.—: Clothes and Underclothes.
III.—: Protection and Linen Goods.
IV.—: Men’s Clothes.
V.—: Women’s Garments.
VI.—: Eloquence of the Prices.
VII.—: Millinery and Artificial Flowers.
CHAPTER IV: THE TEXTILE INDUSTRIES
I.—: Wool.
II.—: Cotton.
III.—: Linen.
IV.—: Silk.
V.—: Conclusion.
CHAPTER V: THE METAL TRADES
CHAPTER VI: SKIN AND LEATHER TRADE
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSION
BOOK III: BREAD AND MEAT IN FRANCE
CHAPTER I: CLAIMS OF THE FRENCH LANDED PROPRIETORS
CHAPTER II: PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF THE STANDARD RATION
I.—: Physiology of Nourishment.
II.—: Ration of the French Soldier.
III.—: Necessary Allowance for the French People.
CHAPTER III: BREAD IN FRANCE
CHAPTER IV: PROTECTION AND THE PRICE OF BREAD
CHAPTER V: MEAT IN FRANCE
I.—: Total Meat Consumption.
II.—: Increase in the Town Population, and in the Consumption of Animal Food.
CHAPTER VI: FOOD IN FRANCE, ACCORDING TO THE LABOUR BUREAU
I.—: Wages and the Cost of Food.
II.—: Wages: Cost of Food and Rent.
In Paris.
III.—: Effect of Protection.
CHAPTER VII: FRENCH AGRICULTURE AND THE INCIDENCE OF THE CUSTOMS—DEFICIENCY IN PRODUCTION
I.—: Duties on Corn and Meat.
II.—: Loss, and Shifting it on to others.
III.—: Gainers by the Duties.
Conclusions.
BOOK IV: THE PROTECTIONIST OLIGARCHY
CHAPTER I
BOOK V: THE WORK OF DEATH
CHAPTER I: FOOD AND EFFORT
CHAPTER II: NUTRITION AND EVOLUTION
CHAPTER III: NOURISHMENT AND MORTALITY
CHAPTER IV: JUSTICE AND CHARITY
BOOK VI: MR. CHAMBERLAIN’S PROGRAMME
CHAPTER I: THE PROTECTIONIST TRADITION IN ENGLAND
CHAPTER II: MR. CHAMBERLAIN’S PROGRAMME
CHAPTER III: MR. CHAMBERLAIN’S STATEMENTS AND THE CUSTOMS HOUSE RETURNS
I.—: English Trade.
II.—: Cotton.
III.—: Wool.
IV.—: Profits in the Iron and Steel Trade.
CHAPTER IV: EXPORT OF MANUFACTURES
I.
II.
CHAPTER V: FOOD
I.—: Wheat.
II.—: Free Trade and Cheapness.
III.—: Animal Food.
IV.—: The Price of Meat.
V.—: The Free Breakfast Table.
VI.—: The Meat Ration.
VII.—: Back to the Land.
VIII.—: Profit of the Few at the Expense of the Many.
IX.—: Fiscal Reform and the Colonial Market.
X.—: Profits to English Landowners.
XI.—: Conclusions.
CHAPTER VI: MR. CHAMBERLAIN AND IMPERIAL UNITY
I.—: Proportion of Foreign and Colonial Trade.
II.—: Exports.
III.—: National Labour and the Colonial Market.
IV.—: Canadian Experience.
V.—: Benefits offered to Canada.
VI.—: Benefits offered to Australia.
CHAPTER VII: ARGUMENTS FOR FISCAL REFORM
I.—: The Argument from Authority.
II.—: Cobden’s Optimism.
III.—: Free Trade and Free Imports.
IV.—: Mr. Chamberlain and the Frankfort Treaty.
V.—: Balfourian Retaliation.
VI.—: Against French Automobiles.
VII.—: Imports and Home Industry.
VIII.—: Opposition of the Working Classes to Protection.
IX.—: Dumping.
X.—: The Drain of Gold and the Balance of Trade.
XI.—: England Living on its Capital.
XII.—: Position of London.
CHAPTER VIII: REASONS FOR MR. CHAMBERLAIN’S DEFEAT
BOOK VII: PROTECTION IN THE UNITED STATES
CHAPTER I: THE AMERICAN TARIFF
CHAPTER II: PROTECTIONIST ARGUMENTS
CHAPTER III: PROTECTION AND INDUSTRIAL ADVANCE
CHAPTER IV: THE BURDEN OF PROTECTION
CHAPTER V: ASSESSMENT OF THE TARIFF
Class I.
Class II.
Class III.
CHAPTER VI: AMERICAN TRADE
CHAPTER VII: CONCLUSIONS
BOOK VIII: GERMAN NATIONAL ECONOMY
CHAPTER I: NATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY
CHAPTER II: TWO CONTRADICTORY FISCAL SYSTEMS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
CHAPTER III: GERMAN FOREIGN TRADE
CHAPTER IV: EXPORT BOUNTIES AND CARTELS
CHAPTER V: FRANCE AND THE NEW TARIFF
CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSIONS
BOOK IX: CUSTOMS STATISTICS—THE BALANCE OF TRADE, AND THE BALANCE OF INDEBTEDNESS
CHAPTER I: CUSTOMS STATISTICS
I.—: The Use of Statistics.
II.—: Value and Quantity.
III.—: Determination of Value.
IV.—: Destination and Place of Origin.
V.—: Customs House Contempt for Statistics.
VI.—: Transit.
VII.—: French and Belgian Figures.
VIII.—: Exotic National Products.
IX.—: Mysteries.
X.—: English and Belgian Systems.
XI.
CHAPTER II: THE BALANCE OF TRADE AND THE BALANCE OF INDEBTEDNESS
I.—: Definition of the Economic Balance.
BOOK X: MÉLINE’S CONFESSION
CHAPTER I: CONCEPTION—DRAMATISING BY M. MÉLINE
BOOK XI: PROTECTIONIST POSTULATES AND ECONOMIC REALITIES
CHAPTER I: PROTECTIONIST POSTULATES
CHAPTER II: ECONOMIC REALITIES
BOOK XII: MY IMMEDIATE PROGRAMME
CHAPTER I: A SIMPLE PROGRAMME
CHAPTER II: TAXES ON EXTRA EUROPEAN GOODS IMPORTED FROM A EUROPEAN COUNTRY
CHAPTER III: THE EXPORT OF WINES
CHAPTER IV: CONDITIONS OF EXPORT

The Comedy of Protection (1906)

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