Principles of Economics (8th ed.)
This is the 8th edition of what is regarded to be the first “modern” economics textbook, leading in various editions from the 19th into the 20th century. The final 8th edition was Marshall’s most-used and most-cited.
Principles of Economics (London: Macmillan and Co. 8th ed. 1920).
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The text is in the public domain.
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- Author: Alfred Marshall
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Table of Contents
- CONTENTS
- BOOK I: PRELIMINARY SURVEY.
- BOOK I, CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION.
- BOOK I, CHAPTER II: THE SUBSTANCE OF ECONOMICS.
- BOOK I, CHAPTER III: ECONOMIC GENERALIZATIONS OR LAWS.
- BOOK I, CHAPTER IV: THE ORDER AND AIMS OF ECONOMIC STUDIES.
- BOOK II: SOME FUNDAMENTAL NOTIONS.
- BOOK II, CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTORY.
- BOOK II, CHAPTER II: WEALTH.
- BOOK II, CHAPTER III: PRODUCTION. CONSUMPTION. LABOUR. NECESSARIES.
- BOOK II, CHAPTER IV: INCOME. CAPITAL.
- BOOK III: ON WANTS AND THEIR SATISFACTION.
- BOOK III, CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTORY.
- BOOK III, CHAPTER II: WANTS IN RELATION TO ACTIVITIES.
- BOOK III, CHAPTER III: GRADATIONS OF CONSUMERS' DEMAND.
- BOOK III, CHAPTER IV: THE ELASTICITY OF WANTS.
- Note on Statistics of Consumption.
- BOOK III, CHAPTER V: CHOICE BETWEEN DIFFERENT USES OF THE SAME THING. IMMEDIATE AND DEFERRED USES.
- BOOK III, CHAPTER VI: VALUE AND UTILITY.
- BOOK IV: THE AGENTS OF PRODUCTION. Land, Labour, Capital and Organization.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTORY.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER II: THE FERTILITY OF LAND.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER III: THE FERTILITY OF LAND, CONTINUED. THE TENDENCY TO DIMINISHING RETURN.
- Note on the Law of Diminishing Return.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER IV: THE GROWTH OF POPULATION.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER V: THE HEALTH AND STRENGTH OF THE POPULATION.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER VI: INDUSTRIAL TRAINING.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER VII: THE GROWTH OF WEALTH.
- Note on the Statistics of the Growth of Wealth.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER VIII: INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER IX: INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION, CONTINUED. DIVISION OF LABOUR. THE INFLUENCE OF MACHINERY.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER X: INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION, CONTINUED. THE CONCENTRATION OF SPECIALIZED INDUSTRIES IN PARTICULAR LOCALITIES.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER XI: INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION, CONTINUED. PRODUCTION ON A LARGE SCALE.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER XII: INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION, CONTINUED. BUSINESS MANAGEMENT.
- BOOK IV, CHAPTER XIII: CONCLUSION. CORRELATION OF THE TENDENCIES TO INCREASING AND TO DIMINISHING RETURN.
- BOOK V: GENERAL RELATIONS OF DEMAND, SUPPLY AND VALUE.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTORY. ON MARKETS.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER II: TEMPORARY EQUILIBRIUM OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER III: EQUILIBRIUM OF NORMAL DEMAND AND SUPPLY.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER IV: THE INVESTMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER V: EQUILIBRIUM OF NORMAL DEMAND AND SUPPLY, CONTINUED, WITH REFERENCE TO LONG AND SHORT PERIODS.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER VI: JOINT AND COMPOSITE DEMAND. JOINT AND COMPOSITE SUPPLY.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER VII: PRIME AND TOTAL COST IN RELATION TO JOINT PRODUCTS. COST OF MARKETING. INSURANCE AGAINST RISK. COST OF REPRODUCTION.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER VIII: MARGINAL COSTS IN RELATION TO VALUES. GENERAL PRINCIPLES.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER IX: MARGINAL COSTS IN RELATION TO VALUES. GENERAL PRINCIPLES, CONTINUED.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER X: MARGINAL COSTS IN RELATION TO AGRICULTURAL VALUES.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER XI: MARGINAL COSTS IN RELATION TO URBAN VALUES.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER XII: EQUILIBRIUM OF NORMAL DEMAND AND SUPPLY, CONTINUED, WITH REFERENCE TO THE LAW OF INCREASING RETURN.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER XIII: THEORY OF CHANGES OF NORMAL DEMAND AND SUPPLY IN RELATION TO THE DOCTRINE OF MAXIMUM SATISFACTION.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER XIV: THE THEORY OF MONOPOLIES.
- BOOK V, CHAPTER XV: SUMMARY OF THE GENERAL THEORY OF EQUILIBRIUM OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY.
- BOOK VI: THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE NATIONAL INCOME.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER I: PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF DISTRIBUTION.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER II: PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF DISTRIBUTION, CONTINUED.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER III: EARNINGS OF LABOUR.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER IV: EARNINGS OF LABOUR, CONTINUED.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER V: EARNINGS OF LABOUR, CONTINUED.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER VI: INTEREST OF CAPITAL.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER VII: PROFITS OF CAPITAL AND BUSINESS POWER.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER VIII: PROFITS OF CAPITAL AND BUSINESS POWER, CONTINUED.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER IX: RENT OF LAND.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER X: LAND TENURE.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER XI: GENERAL VIEW OF DISTRIBUTION.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER XII: GENERAL INFLUENCES OF ECONOMIC PROGRESS.
- BOOK VI, CHAPTER XIII: PROGRESS IN RELATION TO STANDARDS OF LIFE.
- APPENDIX A THE GROWTH OF FREE INDUSTRY AND ENTERPRISE.
- APPENDIX B33 THE GROWTH OF ECONOMIC SCIENCE.
- APPENDIX C51 THE SCOPE AND METHOD OF ECONOMICS.
- APPENDIX D57 USES OF ABSTRACT REASONING IN ECONOMICS.
- APPENDIX E58 DEFINITIONS OF CAPITAL.
- APPENDIX F BARTER63.
- APPENDIX G64 THE INCIDENCE OF LOCAL RATES, WITH SOME SUGGESTIONS AS TO POLICY.
- APPENDIX H76 LIMITATIONS OF THE USE OF STATICAL ASSUMPTIONS IN REGARD TO INCREASING RETURN.
- APPENDIX I87 RICARDO'S THEORY OF VALUE.
- APPENDIX J92 THE DOCTRINE OF THE WAGES-FUND.
- APPENDIX K CERTAIN KINDS OF SURPLUS.
- APPENDIX L101 RICARDO'S DOCTRINE AS TO TAXES AND IMPROVEMENTS IN AGRICULTURE.
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