Principles of Political Economy
The first edition was published in 1820. This is the second edition of 1836. It is one of the major works in the classical school of political economy along with Smith’s Wealth of Nations and Ricardo’s Principles of Political Economy.
Principles of Political Economy (London: W. Pickering, 1836).
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The text is in the public domain.
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- Author: Thomas Robert Malthus
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Table of Contents
- CONTENTS.
- ADVERTISEMENT TO THE SECOND EDITION.
- MEMOIR OF ROBERT MALTHUS.
- PRINCIPLES OF POLITICAL ECONOMY.
- INTRODUCTION.
- BOOK I
- CHAPTER I.: OF THE DEFINITIONS OF WEALTH AND OF PRODUCTIVE LABOUR.
- Section I.—: On the Definitions of Wealth.
- Section II.—: On Productive Labour.
- CHAPTER II.: ON THE NATURE, CAUSES, AND MEASURES OF VALUE.
- Section I.—: On the different sorts of Value.
- Section II.—: Of Demand and Supply as they affect Exchangeable Value.
- Section III.—: Of the Cost of Production as affected by the Demand and Supply, and on the mode of representing Demand.
- Section IV.—: Of the Labour which has been employed on a Commodity considered as a Measure of its Exchangeable Value.
- Section V.—: Of the Labour which a Commodity will command, considered as a Measure of Value in Exchange.
- Section VI.—: On the Practical Application of the Measure of Value, and its general Use and Advantages.
- Section VII.—: On the Variations in the Value of Money in the same, and different Countries.
- CHAPTER III.: OF THE RENT OF LAND.
- Section I.—: Of the Nature and Causes of Rent.
- Section II.—: On the necessary Separation of the Rent of Land from the Profits of the Cultivator and the Wages of the Labourer.
- Section III.—: Of the Causes which tend to raise Rents in the ordinary Progress of civilized and improved Societies.
- Section IV.—: Of the Causes which tend to lower Rents.
- Section V.—: On the Dependance of the actual Quantity of Produce obtained from the Land, upon the existing Prices of Produce, and existing Rents, under the same Agricultural Skill and the same Value of Money.
- Section VI.—: Of the Connexion between great comparative Wealth, and a high comparative Price of raw Produce.
- Section VII.—: On the causes which may mislead the Landlord in letting his Lands, to the Injury both of himself and the Country.
- Section VIII.—: On the strict and necessary Connection of the Interests of the Landlord and of the State.
- Section IX.—: General Remarks on the Surplus Produce of the Land.
- CHAPTER IV.: OF THE WAGES OF LABOUR.
- Section I.—: On the Definition of the Wages of Labour, and their Dependance upon Supply and Demand.
- Section II.—: Of the Causes which principally affect the Habits of the Labouring Classes.
- Section III.—: Of the Causes which principally influence the Demand for Labour, and the Increase of the Population.
- Section IV.—: A Review of the Corn Wages of Labour from the Reign of Edward III.
- Section V.—: On the Conclusions to be drawn from the preceding Review of the Prices of Corn and Labour during the five last Centuries.
- CHAPTER V.: OF THE PROFITS OF CAPITAL.
- Section I.—: Of the Nature of Profits, and the Mode in which they are estimated.
- Section II.—: Of the limiting Principle of Profits.
- Section III.—: Of the regulating Principle of Profits.
- Section IV.—: Of Profits as affected by the Causes practically in operation.
- Section V.—: Remarks on Mr. Ricardo’s Theory of Profits.
- CHAPTER VI.: OF THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN WEALTH AND VALUE.
- BOOK II.
- CHAPTER I.: ON THE PROGRESS OF WEALTH.
- Section I.—: Statement of the particular Object of Inquiry.
- Section II.—: Of the Increase of Population considered as a Stimulus to the continued Increase of Wealth.
- Section III.—: Of Accumulation, or the Saving from Revenue to add to Capital, considered as a Stimulus to the Increase of Wealth.
- Section IV.—: Of the Fertility of the Soil, considered as a Stimulus to the continued Increase of Wealth.
- Section V.—: Of Inventions to save Labour, considered as a Stimulus to the continued Increase of Wealth.
- Section VI.—: Of the Necessity of a Union of the Powers of Production with the Means of Distribution, in order to ensure a continued Increase of Wealth.
- Section VII.—: Of the Distribution occasioned by the Division of landed Property considered as the Means of increasing the exchangeable Value of the whole Produce.
- Section VIII.—: Of the Distribution occasioned by Commerce, internal and external, considered as the Means of increasing the exchangeable Value of Produce.
- Section IX.—: Of the Distribution occasioned by personal services and unproductive Consumers, considered as the Means of increasing the exchangeable Value of the whole Produce.
- Section X.—: Application of some of the preceding Principles to the Distresses of the Labouring Classes since 1815, with General Observations.
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