Liberty and Order: The First American Party Struggle
An anthology of primary sources which documents the first great party struggle in American history between the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists over the proper construction of the new Constitution, political economy, the appropriate level of popular participation in a republican polity, and foreign policy.
Liberty and Order: The First American Party Struggle, ed. and with a Preface by Lance Banning (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2004).
Copyright:
The copyright to this edition, in both print and electronic forms, is held by Liberty Fund, Inc.
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Table of Contents
- Contents
- Preface
- part 1: Apprehensions
- The Anti-Federalists
- Letters from the Federal Farmer, No. 7 31 December 1787
- “Brutus,” Essay II 1 November 1787
- Amendments Recommended by the Several State Conventions
- Amendments Proposed by the Virginia Convention 27 June 1788
- Amendments to the Body of the Constitution
- Ratification of the State of New York 26 July 1788
- The Circular Letter from the Ratification Convention of the State of New York to the Governors of the Several States in the Union 28 July 1788
- Federalist Concerns
- James Madison to George Washington New York, 11 August 1788
- Madison to Washington New York, 24 August 1788
- James Madison to Thomas Jefferson 21 September 1788
- Madison to Jefferson 8 December 1788
- The Bill of Rights
- Proceedings in the House of Representatives 8 June 1789
- William Loughton Smith (S.C.)
- James Jackson (Ga.)
- Benjamin Goodhue (Mass.)
- Aedenus Burke (S.C.)
- James Madison (Va.)
- Roger Sherman (Conn.)
- Alexander White (Va.)
- Mr. Smith
- John Page (Va.)
- Mr. Madison
- Mr. Jackson
- Elbridge Gerry (Mass.)
- Mr. Sherman
- Proceedings in the House of Representatives 13 August 1789
- Mr. Sherman
- Mr. Madison
- Mr. Smith [S.C.]
- Samuel Livermore (N.H.)
- Mr. Jackson
- Mr. Sherman
- Mr. Gerry
- Apprehensions Unallayed
- “Pacificus” to James Madison
- Richard Henry Lee and William Grayson to the Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates 28 September 1789
- William Grayson to Patrick Henry 29 September 1789
- Popular Instruction of Representatives 15 August 1789
- Thomas Hartley (Pa.)
- John Page (Va.)
- George Clymer (Pa.)
- Roger Sherman
- James Jackson
- Elbridge Gerry
- James Madison
- Michael Jenifer Stone (Md.)
- Aedanus Burke (S.C.)
- James Madison
- Aedanus Burke
- Titles
- Proceedings in the House of Representatives 11 May 1789
- John Page (Va.)
- Richard Bland Lee (Va.)
- Thomas Tudor Tucker (S.C.)
- Jonathan Trumbell, Jr. (Conn.)
- Aedanus Burke (S.C.)
- James Madison
- Josiah Parker (Va.)
- Roger Sherman
- James Jackson
- James Madison
- George Clymer (Pa.)
- John Page
- Richard Bland Lee (Va.)
- Fisher Ames to George Richards Minot 14 May 1789
- James Madison to Thomas Jefferson 23 May 1789
- part 2: The Leadership Divides
- Funding and Assumption
- alexander hamilton The First Report on Public Credit 14 January 1790
- Debates in the House of Representatives on the First Report on Public Credit 9–18 February 1790
- James Jackson (Ga.)
- Roger Sherman (Conn.)
- William Loughton Smith (S.C.)
- James Jackson
- Samuel Livermore (N.H.)
- Thomas Scott
- Roger Sherman
- James Jackson
- 11 February 1790 James Madison (Va.)
- Elias Boudinot (Mass.)
- 15 February 1790
- Theodore Sedgwick (Mass.)
- John Laurence (N.Y.)
- William Loughton Smith (S.C.)
- 18 February 1790 James Madison
- thomas jefferson Memorandum on the Compromise of 1790
- Opposition Out of Doors
- Benjamin Rush to Madison 27 February 1790
- Walter Jones to Madison 25 March 1790
- Henry Lee to Madison 3 April 1790
- Edward Carrington to Madison 7 April 1790
- George Lee Turberville to Madison 7 April 1790
- Benjamin Rush to Madison 10 April 1790
- Boston Independent Chronicle 12 August 1790
- Wanted
- Virginia’s Remonstrance Against the Assumption of State Debts 16 December 1790
- The Constitution and the National Bank
- alexander hamilton Notes on the Advantages of a National Bank 27 March 1791
- James Madison’s Speech on the Bank Bill 2 February 1791
- thomas jefferson Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank 15 February 1791
- alexander hamilton Opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank 15 February 1791
- james madison to thomas jefferson On Speculative Excess Summer 1791
- 10 July
- 8 August
- Commerce and Manufactures
- thomas jefferson Notes on the State of Virginia 1785
- Query XIX: The Present State of Manufactures, Commerce, Interior and Exterior Trade?
- Jefferson and Madison on Republican Political Economy
- Thomas Jefferson to G. K. van Hogendorp 13 October 1785
- James Madison to Thomas Jefferson 19 June 1786
- James Madison to James Monroe 7 August 1785
- james madison Speech in the House of Representatives on Commercial Retaliation and Discrimination 25 April 1789
- Congressional Proceedings on Commercial Discrimination 1789
- James Madison to Thomas Jefferson 30 June 1789
- Thomas Jefferson to James Madison 28 August 1789
- alexander hamilton Report on the Subject of Manufactures 5 December 1791
- The Collision
- james madison Essays for the National Gazette 1792
- “Consolidation” 3 December 1791
- “Charters” 18 January 1792
- “Parties” 23 January 1792
- “Government of the United States” 4 February 1792
- “Republican Distribution of Citizens” 3 March 1792
- “Fashion” 20 March 1792
- “Property” 27 March 1792
- william branch giles Speech in the House of Representatives on the Apportionment Bill 9 April 1792
- Letters of Fisher Ames to George Richards Minot 1791–1792
- 30 November 1791
- 8 March 1792
- 3 May 1792
- philip freneau “Rules for Changing a Limited Republican Government into an Unlimited Hereditary One” 4 and 7 July 1792
- Alexander Hamilton to Edward Carrington 26 May 1792
- An Administration Divided
- thomas jefferson Memorandum of a Conversation with the President 29 February 1792
- Thomas Jefferson to George Washington 23 May 1792
- thomas jefferson Memorandum of a Conversation with Washington 10 July 1792
- Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, Objections and Answers Respecting the Administration of the Government August 1792
- Alexander Hamilton to George Washington 9 September 1792
- Thomas Jefferson to George Washington, Monticello 9 September 1792
- thomas jefferson Memorandum of a Conversation with the President 1 October 1792
- thomas jefferson Memorandum of a Conversationwith the President 7 February 1793
- james madison Further Essays for the National Gazette
- “Spirit of Governments” 18 February 1792
- A Candid State of Parties” 22 September 1792
- part 3: The French Revolution and the People
- Neutrality
- “An Old French Soldier” (Philadelphia) General Advertiser 27 August 1793
- alexander hamilton “Pacificus,” No. 1 29 June 1793
- james madison “Helvidius,” No. 1 24 August 1793
- james madison “Helvidius,” No. 4 14 September 1793
- Commerce and Seizures
- william loughton smith Speech in the House of Representatives 13 January 1794
- james madison Speech in the House of Representatives 14 January 1794
- james madison “Political Observations” 20 April 1795
- The Popular Societies, the Excise, and the Whiskey Rebellion
- The Democratic Society of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia) Principles, Articles, and Regulations 30 May 1793
- Condemnations, Defenses, and Society Attacks on the Excise
- “A Friend to Good Government” New York Daily Gazette 21 February 1794
- “A Friend to Rational Government” New York Journal 22 February 1794
- Republican Society of the Town of Newark (New Jersey) Newark Gazette 19 March 1794
- Address of the Democratic Society in Wythe County, Virginia, to the People of the United States Newark Gazette 18 June 1794
- Republican Society of Newark 9 June 1794
- The Democratic Society of Philadelphia
- “For the Columbian Centinel,” Boston 27 September 1794
- The Rebellion
- “Self-Created Societies”
- george washington Message to the Third Congress 19 November 1794
- Proceedings in the House of Representatives on the President’s Speech 24–27 November 1794
- Monday, 24 November
- Tuesday, 25 November
- Wednesday, 26 November
- Thursday, 27 November
- Friday, 28 November
- James Madison to James Monroe 4 December 1794
- Democratic Society of Pennsylvania 9 October 1794
- alexander james dallas “Features of Mr. Jay’s Treaty” 18 July–7 August 1795
- Antitreaty Memorials
- Memorial of the Citizens of Philadelphia July 1795
- Petition to the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia 12 October 1795
- 12 October 1795
- alexander hamilton The “Camillus” Essays 22 July 1795–9 January 1796
- “The Defence, No. 1” 22 July 1795
- “The Defence, No. 2” 25 July 1795
- “The Defence, No. 18” 6 October 1795
- “The Defence, No. 37” 6 January 1796
- “The Defence, No. 38” 9 January 1796
- House Debates on Implementing Jay’s Treaty 1796
- 8 March
- 11 March
- 30 March
- 6 April
- 28 April
- Washington’s Farewell Address 19 September 1796
- part 4: Liberty and Order
- The Black Cockade Fever
- Philadelphia, 1798
- Abigail Adams to Her Sister 7 April 1798
- Abigail Adams to Her Sister 22 April 1798
- Abigail Adams to Her Sister 26 April 1798
- Abigail Adams to Her Sister 10 May 1798
- Alexander Hamilton to George Washington 19 May 1798
- Thomas Jefferson to John Taylor 4 June 1798
- Addresses to the President, with His Replies April–August 1798
- Address of the Mayor, Aldermen, and Citizens of Philadelphia to the President of the United States April 1798
- Answer
- Address of the Young Men of the City of Philadelphia, the District of Southwark, and the Northern Liberties May 1798
- Answer 7 May 1798
- Address of the Officers and Soldiers of the Chester Light Infantry Company of Volunteers in the County of Delaware and State of Pennsylvania 25 August 1798
- Answer 17 September 1798
- The Sedition Act 14 July 1798
- Popular Protest
- “Advertisement Extraordinary!!!” (Philadelphia) Aurora 14 July 1798
- The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
- thomas jefferson Draft of the Kentucky Resolutions October 1798
- james madison The Virginia Resolutions 21 December 1798
- State Replies to the Resolutions
- The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations to Virginia February 1799
- New Hampshire Resolution on the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions 15 June 1799
- Congressional Report Defending the Alien and Sedition Laws 21 February 1799
- james madison The Report of 1800
- part 5: The Jeffersonian Ascendancy: Domestic Policy, 1801–1808
- The Jeffersonian Program
- thomas jefferson The First Inaugural Address 4 March 1801
- thomas jefferson First Annual Message 8 December 1801
- The Jeffersonian Vision
- Letters of the President 1799–1802
- To Elbridge Gerry 26 January 1799
- To P. S. Dupont de Nemours 18 January 1802
- edmund pendleton “The Danger Not Over” 5 October 1801
- fisher ames “Falkland,” No. 2 6 February 1801
- Repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801
- Congressional Proceedings
- The Senate Friday, 8 January 1802
- Tuesday, 12 January 1802
- The House of Representatives Thursday, 18 February 1802
- Friday, 19 February 1802
- Saturday, 20 February 1802
- Friday, 26 February 1802
- Saturday, 27 February 1802
- Editorials on the Repeal “A Friend of the Constitution” [William Cranch], No. 1 Washington Federalist 7 December 1801
- “A Friend of the Constitution” [William Cranch], No. 5 Washington Federalist 12 December 1801
- “Serious Considerations Addressed to All Serious Federalists,” No. 3 (Washington) National Intelligencer 1 December 1802
- The Impeachment of Samuel Chase, 1804–1805
- Articles of Impeachment 30 November 1804
- Proceedings in the Senate February 1805
- Address of John Randolph 9 February 1805
- The Testimony
- 19 February 1805 Gunning Bedford, sworn.
- Archibald Hamilton, sworn.
- Gunning Bedford, called.
- William H. Winder, sworn.
- James Winchester, sworn.
- Exhibit Number Eight, Referred to in Judge Chase’s Answer
- albert gallatin Report on Internal Improvements 4 April 1808
- part 6: Jeffersonian Foreign Policy
- The Louisiana Purchase
- Thomas Jefferson to Robert R. Livingston 18 April 1802
- Thomas Jefferson to John C. Breckinridge 12 August 1803
- Thomas Jefferson to Wilson Cary Nicholas 7 September 1803
- [alexander hamilton] “Purchase of Louisiana” New York Evening Post 5 July 1803
- Federalist Alarm
- Rufus King to Timothy Pickering (?) 4 November 1803
- Timothy Pickering to Rufus King 3 March 1804
- Timothy Pickering to Rufus King 4 March 1804
- A Republican Response
- “Desultory Reflections on the Aspect of Politics in Relation to the Western People,” by “Phocion” (Essay #1) Kentucky Gazette and General Advertiser 27 September 1803
- Senate Debates on the Louisiana Purchase 2–3 November 1803
- Wednesday, 2 November 1803 Samuel White
- Thursday, 3 November James Jackson
- John Breckinridge
- The Embargo
- An Act Laying an Embargo on All Ships and Vessels in the Ports and Harbors of the United States 22 December 1807
- Editorials on the Embargo
- “Embargo” National Intelligencer 23 December 1807
- Friday, 25 December
- Alarming Information: A Letter from the Hon. Timothy Pickering, a Senator of the United States from the State of Massachusetts, exhibiting to his constituents, a view of the imminent danger of an unnecessary and ruinous war, addressed to His Excellency James Sullivan, Governor of said State Connecticut Courant 23 March 1808
- Resistance, Enforcement, and Repeal
- Albert Gallatin to Jefferson 18 December 1807
- Jefferson to Jacob Crowninshield, Secretary of the Navy 16 July 1808
- Gallatin to Jefferson 29 July 1808
- Jefferson to Henry Dearborn, Secretary of War 9 August 1808
- Elisha Tracy (of Norwich, Conn.) to Jefferson 15 September 1808
- Jefferson to Mr. Letue 8 November 1808
- Resolutions of the Connecticut General Assembly 23 February 1809
- John Adams to Benjamin Rush 27 September 1808
- John Adams to J. B. Varnum 26 December 1808
- The War of 1812
- Madison’s War Message 2 June 1812
- Samuel Taggart, Speech Opposing the War 24 June 1812
- Henry Clay, Speech Supporting the War 9 January 1813
- Report and Resolutions of the Hartford Convention 4 January 1815
- part 7: The End of an Era
- Madison’s Seventh Annual Message 5 December 1815
- Madison’s Veto of the Internal Improvements Bill 3 March 1817
- In Retrospect
- The Adams-Jefferson Correspondence John Adams to Thomas Jefferson 13 July 1813
- Adams to Jefferson 30 June 1813
- Adams to Jefferson 13 November 1815
- Jefferson to Adams 11 January 1816
- Thomas Jefferson to Justice William Johnson 12 June 1823
- Republican Farewells
- Jefferson to Madison 17 February 1826
- Madison to Jefferson 24 February 1826
- Bibliography
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