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Geoffrey Chaucer, The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, vol. 4 (The Canterbury Tales) [1899]

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Geoffrey Chaucer, The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, edited from numerous manuscripts by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat (2nd ed.) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899). 7 vols. Vol. 4. https://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/1227

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About this Title:

The late 19th century Skeat edition with copious scholarly notes and a good introduction to the text. The Tales are in their original Middle English.

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The text is in the public domain.

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Table of Contents:

Edition: current; Page: [i]
THE COMPLETE WORKS of GEOFFREY CHAUCER
SKEAT
THE CANTERBURY TALES: TEXT
Edition: current; Page: [ii]

Oxford University Press, Amen House, London E.C.4

glasgow new york toronto melbourne wellington bombay calcutta madras karachi lahore dacca cape town salisbury nairobi ibadan accra kuala lumpur hong kong

Edition: current; Page: [iii]
THE COMPLETE WORKS OF GEOFFREY CHAUCER
EDITED, FROM NUMEROUS MANUSCRIPTS
BY THE Rev. WALTER W. SKEAT, M.A. Litt.D., LL.D., D.C L, Ph.D. elrington and bosworth professor of anglo-saxon and fellow of christ’s college, cambridge
THE CANTERBURY TALES: TEXT

‘Let every felawe telle his tale aboute,

And lat see now who shal the soper winne’

The Knightes Tale; a 89c
SECOND EDITION
OXFORD
AT THE CLARENDON PRESS
Edition: current; Page: [iv]

FIRST EDITION 1894

SECOND EDITION 1900

REPRINTED 1924, 1940, 1958, 1963

PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN

Edition: current; Page: [v]

CONTENTS

  • Introduction.—§ 1. The Present Text. § 2. The MSS.—I. In the British Museum. II. In Oxford. III. In Cambridge. IV. In other Public Libraries. V In private hands. § 3. The Printed Editions. § 4. Plan of the present Edition. § 5. Table of symbols denoting MSS. § 6. Table showing various ways of numbering the lines. § 7. The four types of MSS . . page vii
  • The Canterbury Tales . . . . . . . . 1
  • Group A. The Prologue . . . . . . . 1
  • The Knightes Tale . . . . . . . 26
  • The Miller’s Prologue . . . . . . 89
  • The Milleres Tale . . . . . . 92
  • The Reeve’s Prologue . . . . . . 112
  • The Reves Tale . . . . . . . . 114
  • The Cook’s Prologue . . . . . . . 126
  • The Cokes Tale . . . . . . 128
  • Group B. Introduction to the Man of Law’s Prologue 130
  • Man of Law’s Prologue . . . . 133
  • The Tale of the Man of Lawe . . . . 134
  • The Shipman’s Prologue . . . . . 165
  • The Shipmannes Tale . . . . . . . 167
  • The Prioress’s Prologue . . . . . . 180
  • The Prioresses Tale . . . . . . . 181
  • Prologue to Sir Thopas . . . . . 189
  • Sir Thopas . . . . . . . . . 190
  • Prologue to Melibeus . . . . 197
  • The Tale of Melibeus . . . . 199
  • The Monk’s Prologue . . . . . . . 241
  • The Monkes Tale:—Lucifer; Adam; Sampson; Hercules; Nabugodonosor; Balthasar; Cenobia; De Petro Rege Ispannie; De Petro Rege De Cipro; De Barnabo de Lumbardia; De Hugelino Comite de Pize; Nero; De Oloferno; De Rege Anthiocho; De Alexandro; De Iulio Cesare: Cresus . . . . . . 244Edition: current; Page: [vi]
  • The Prologue of the Nonne Prestes Tale . . 269
  • The Nonne Prestes Tale . . . . . 271
  • Epilogue to the Nonne Prestes Tale . . 289
  • Group C. The Phisiciens Tale . . . . . . . 290
  • Words of the Host . . . . . . . 299
  • Prologue of the Pardoners Tale . . . . 301
  • The Pardoners Tale . . . . . . 305
  • Group D. The Wife of Bath’s Prologue . . . . 320
  • The Tale of the Wyf of Bathe . . . . 345
  • The Friar’s Prologue . . . . . . 357
  • The Freres Tale . . . . . . . . 359
  • The Somnour’s Prologue . . . . . 370
  • The Somnours Tale . . . . . . . 372
  • Group E The Clerk’s Prologue . . . . . . . 389
  • The Clerkes Tale . . . . . . . 391
  • The Merchant’s Prologue . . . . . . 426
  • The Marchantes Tale . . . . . 427
  • Epilogue to the Marchantes Tale . . . . 460
  • Group F. The Squieres Tale . . . . . . . 461
  • Words of the Franklin . . . . . . 480
  • The Franklin’s Prologue . . . . . . 482
  • The Frankeleyns Tale . . . . . 483
  • Group G. The Seconde Nonnes Tale . . . . . . 509
  • The Canon’s Yeoman’s Prologue . . . . 527
  • The Chanouns Yemannes Tale . . . . . 532
  • Group H The Manciple’s Prologue . . . . . . 555
  • The Maunciples Tale . . . . . . 559
  • Group I The Parson’s Prologue . . . . . . 567
  • The Persones Tale . . . . . . . 570
  • Appendix to Group A. The Tale of Gamelyn . . . . 645
Edition: current; Page: [vii]

INTRODUCTION

§ 1.: The Present Text.

The text of the ‘Canterbury Tales,’ as printed in the present volume, is an entirely new one, owing nothing to the numerous printed editions which have preceded it. The only exceptions to this statement are to be found in the case of such portions as have been formerly edited, for the Clarendon Press, by Dr. Morris and myself. The reasons for the necessity of a formation of an absolutely new text will appear on a perusal of the text itself, as compared with any of its predecessors.

On the other hand, it owes everything to the labours of Dr. Furnivall for the Chaucer Society, but for which no satisfactory results could have been obtained, except at the cost of more time and toil than I could well devote to the subject. In other words, my work is entirely founded upon the splendid ‘Six-text’ Edition published by that Society, supplemented by the very valuable reprint of the celebrated ‘Harleian’ manuscript in the same series. These Seven Texts are all exact reproductions of seven important MSS., and are, in two respects, more important to the student than the MSS. themselves; that is to say, they can be studied simultaneously instead of separately, and they can be consulted and re-consulted at any moment, being always accessible. The importance of such opportunities is obvious.

§ 2.: The Manuscripts.

The following list contains all the MSS. of the existence of which I am aware. As to their types, see § 7.

Edition: current; Page: [viii]

I.: MSS. in the British Museum.

  • 1. Harl. 7334; denoted here by Hl. By Tyrwhitt called ‘C.’ A MS. of the B-type (see below). Printed in full for the Chaucer Society, 1885. Collated throughout.

    A MS. of great importance, but difficult to understand or describe. For the greater clearness, I shall roughly describe the MSS. as being of the A-type, the B-type, the C-type, and the D-type (really a second C-type). Of the A-type, the best example is the Ellesmere MS; of the B-type, the best example is the Harleian MS. 7334; of the C-type, the Corpus and Lansdowne MSS.; the D-type is that exhibited by Caxton and Thynne in the early printed editions. They may be called the ‘Ellesmere,’ ‘Harleian,’ ‘Corpus,’ and ‘Caxton’ types respectively. These types differ as to the arrangement of the Tales, and even MSS. of a similar type differ slightly, in this respect, among themselves They also frequently differ as to certain characteristic readings, although many of the variations of reading are peculiar to one or two MSS. only.

    MS. Hl. contains the best copy of the Tale of Gamelyn, for which see p. 645; this Tale is not found in MSS. of the A-type. Moreover, Group G here precedes Group C and a large part of Group B, whereas in the Ellesmere MS. it follows them In the Monk’s Tale, the lines numbered B 3565-3652 (containing the Tales called the ‘modern instances’) immediately follow B 3564 (as in this edition), whereas in the Ellesmere MS. these lines come at the end of the Tale.

    The ‘various readings’ of this MS. are often peculiar, and it is difficult to appraise them. I take them to be of two kinds: (1) readings which are better than those of the Six-text, and should certainly be preferred, such as halfe in A 8, cloysterlees in A 179, a (not a ful) in A 196, and the like; and (2) readings due to a terrible blundering on the part of the scribe, such as fleyng for flikeringe in A 1962, greene for kene in A 1966, and the like. It is, in fact, a most dangerous MS to trust to, unless constantly corrected by others, and is not at all fitted to be taken as the basis of a text. For further remarks, see the description of Wright’s printed edition at p. xvi.

    As regards age, this MS. is one of the oldest; and it is beautifully written. Its chief defect is the loss of eight leaves, so that ll. 617-1223 in Group F are missing. It also misses several lines in various places; as A 2013-8, 2958, 3721-2, 4355, 4358, 4375-6, 4415-22; B 417, 1186-90, 1355, 1376-9, 1995, 3213-20, 4136-7, 4479-80; C 299, 300, 305-6, 478-9; D 575-584, 605-612, 619-626, 717-720; E 2356-7; F 1455-6, 1493-8; G 155, 210-216; besides some lines in Melibee and the Persones Tale. Moreover, it has nine spurious lines, D 2004 b, c, 2012 b, c, 2037 b, c, 2048 b, c, F 592. These imperfections furnish an additional reason for not founding a text upon this MS.

  • 2. Harl 7335; by Tyrwhitt called ‘A.’ Of the B-type. Very imperfect, especially at the end. A few lines are printed in the Six-text edition, to fill up gaps in various MSS., viz. E 1646-7, F 1-8, 1423-4, 1433-4, G 158, 213-4, 326-337, 432-3, 484. Collated so far.

    Edition: current; Page: [ix]

  • 3. Harl. 7333; by Tyrwhitt called ‘E.’ Of the D-type. One of Shirley’s MSS. Some lines are printed in the Six-text edition, viz. B 4233-8, E 1213-44, F 1147-8, 1567-8, G 156-9, 213-4, 326-337, 432. It also contains some of the Minor Poems; see the description of MS. ‘Harl.’ in the Introduction to those poems in vol. i.1

  • 4. Harl. 1758, denoted by Harl. at p. 645; by Tyrwhitt called ‘F.’ In Urry’s list, i. Of the D-type, but containing Gamelyn Many lines are printed in the Six-text, including the whole of ‘Gamelyn.’ It is freely used to fill up gaps, as B 1-9, 2096-2108, 3049-78, 4112, 4114, 4581-4636, &c.

  • 5. Harl. 1239; in Tyrwhitt, ‘I.’ In Urry’s list, ii. Imperfect both at beginning and end.

  • 6. Royal 18 C II; denoted by Rl.; in Tyrwhitt, ‘B.’ In Urry, vii. Of the D-type, but containing Gamelyn. Used to fill up gaps in the Six-text; e. g. in B 1163-1190 (Shipman’s Prologue, called in this MS. the Squire’s Prologue), 2109-73, 3961-80, E 65, 73, 81, 143, G 1337-40, I 472-511 The whole of ‘Gamelyn’ is also printed from this MS. in the Six-text.

  • 7. Royal 17 D xv; in Tyrwhitt, ‘D.’ In Urry, viii. Of the D-type, but containing Gamelyn. Used to fill up gaps in the Six-text; e. g. in B 2328-61, 3961-80, 4112, 4114, 4233-8, 4637-51, D 609-612, 619-626, 717-720, E 1213-44, F 1423-4, 1433-4, H 47-52; and in the Tale of Gamelyn.

  • 8. Sloane 1685; denoted by Sl. In Tyrwhitt, ‘G.’ In Urry, iii. Of the D-type, but containing Gamelyn. In two handwritings, one later than the other. Imperfect; has no Sir Thopas, Melibee, Manciple, or Parson. Very frequently quoted in the Six-text, to fill up rather large gaps in the Cambridge MS.; e g. A 754-964, 3829-90, 4365-4422, &c. Gamelyn is printed from this MS. in the Six-text, the gaps in it being filled up from MS. 7 (above).

  • 9. Sloane 1686; in Tyrwhitt, ‘H.’ In Urry, iv. Of the C-type; containing Gamelyn. A late MS., on paper. Imperfect; no Canon’s Yeoman or Parson.

  • 10. Lansdowne 851; denoted by Ln. In Tyrwhitt, ‘W.,’ because at that time in the possession of P. C. Webb, Esq. Used by Mr. Wright to fill up the large gap in Hl., viz. F 617-1223, and frequently consulted by him and others. Printed in full as Edition: current; Page: [x] the sixth MS. of the Six-text. Of the C-type; containing Gamelyn. Not a good MS., being certainly the worst of the six; but worth printing owing to the frequent use that has been made of it by editors.

  • 11. Additional 5140; in Tyrwhitt, ‘Ask. 2,’ as being one of two MSS. lent to him by Dr. Askew. It has in it the arms of H. Deane, Archbp. of Canterbury, 1501-3. Of the A-type. Quoted in the Six-text to fill up gaps; e. g. B 3961-80, 4233-8, 4637-52, D 2158-2294, E 1213-44, 1646-7, 2419-40, F 1-8, 673-708, G 103, I 887-944, 1044-92.

  • 12. Additional 25718. A mere fragment. A short passage from it, C 409-427, is quoted in the Six-text, to fill up a gap in Ln.

  • 13. Egerton 2726, called the ‘Haistwell MS.’; in Tyrwhitt denoted by ‘HA,’ and formerly belonging to E. Haistwell, Esq. Of the A-type, but imperfect. The Six-text quotes F 679, 680; also F 673-708 in the Preface.

II.: MSS. in Oxford.

  • 14. Bodley 686; no. 2527 in Bernard’s list; in Tyrwhitt, ‘B α.’ A neat MS., with illuminations. Of the A-type; imperfect. The latter part of the Cook’s Tale is on an inserted leaf (leaf 55), and concludes the Tale in a manner that is not Chaucer’s. After the Canterbury Tales occur several poems by Lydgate.

  • 15. Bodley 414; not noticed by Tyrwhitt. Given to the library by B. Heath in 1766. A late MS. of the D-type, and imperfect. No Cook, Gamelyn, Squire, or Merchant.

  • 16. Laud 739: no. 1234 in Bernard’s list; in Tyrwhitt, ‘B β.’ A poor and late MS. of the D-type, but containing Gamelyn; imperfect at the end; ends with Sir Thopas, down to B 2056.

  • 17. Laud 600; no. 1476 in Bernard’s list; in Tyrwhitt, ‘B γ.’ Imperfect; several leaves ‘restored.’ Apparently, of the B-type; but Group D and the Clerk’s Tale follow Gamelyn. Some extracts from it are given in the Six-text, viz. B 2328-61, D 717-20 (no other Oxford MS. has these scarce lines), F 673-708.

  • 18. Arch. Selden B 14; no. 3360 in Bernard’s list; in Tyrwhitt, ‘B δ.’ Perhaps the best and earliest of the Bodleian MSS., but not very good. Sometimes here quoted as Seld. Apparently of the A-type, having no copy of Gamelyn; but it practically Edition: current; Page: [xi] represents a transition-state between the A and B types, and has one correction of prime importance, as it is the only MS. which links together all the Tales in Group B, making the Shipman follow the Man of Law. Frequent extracts from it occur in the Six-text; e. g. A 1-72, B 1163-1190, &c. In particular, a large portion of the Parson’s Tale, I 290-1086, is printed from this MS. in the same.

  • 19. Barlow 20; no. 6420 in Bernard’s list; in Tyrwhitt, ‘B ζ.’ A clearly written MS. of the D-type, including Gamelyn; imperfect after Sir Thopas, but contains a portion of the Manciple’s Tale. It contains the somewhat rare lines F 679, 680, which are quoted from it in the Six-text.

  • 20. Hatton, Donat. 1 (not the same MS. as Hatton 1); no. 4138 in Bernard’s list; in Tyrwhitt, ‘B ε’ The Tales are in great disorder, the Man of Law being thrust in between the Reeve and the Cook, as in no other MS. It contains Gamelyn. Lines F 679, 680 are quoted from it in the Six-text; and a few lines are again quoted from it at the end of the Parson’s Tale.

  • 21. Rawlinson Poet. 149. Apparently of the D-type, but it is very imperfect, having lost several leaves in various places. A late MS.

  • 22. Rawlinson Poet. 141. Not a bad MS., but several Tales are omitted, and the Shipman follows the Clerk. Groups C and G do not appear at all. The Latin side-notes are numerous.

  • 23. Rawlinson Poet. 223; the same as that called Rawl. Misc. 1133 in the Six-text ‘Trial-table.’ No copy of Gamelyn. The Tales are strangely misplaced. Slightly imperfect here and there.

  • 24. Corpus Christi College (Oxford), no. 198; denoted by Cp. The best of the Oxford MSS., printed in full as the fourth MS. in the Six-text edition. Of the C-type; collated throughout. It contains a copy of Gamelyn, which is duly printed. It is rather imperfect from the loss of leaves in various places; the gaps being usually supplied from the Selden MS. (no. 18 above).

  • 25. Christ Church (Oxford), no. 152. Contains Gamelyn. The Tales are extraordinarily arranged, but the MS. is nearly perfect, except at the end. A large part of the Parson’s Tale, after I 550, being lost from the Hengwrt MS., the gap is supplied, in the Six-text, from this MS. and Addit. 5140. The Second Nun follows the Shipman. Of the A-type.

    Edition: current; Page: [xii]

  • 26. New College (Oxford), no. 314; called ‘NC’ in Tyrwhitt. Of the D-type; imperfect at the beginning. No copy of Gamelyn.

  • 27. Trinity College (Oxford), no. 49; containing 302 leaves; formerly in the possession of John Leche, temp. Edw. IV. It contains Gamelyn. The Tales are misplaced; the Pardoner and Man of Law being thrust into the middle of Group B, after the Prioress.

III.: MSS. at Cambridge.

  • 28. University Library, Gg. 4. 27, not noticed by Tyrwhitt; here denoted by Cm. Also denoted, in vol. iii., by C.; and in vol. i., by Gg. A highly valuable and important MS. of the A-type, printed as the third text in the Six-text edition. The best copy in any public library. See the description of ‘Gg.’ in vol. i.; and the full description in the Library Catalogue.

  • 29. University Library, Dd. 4. 24; in Tyrwhitt, ‘C 1.’ Quoted as Dd. A good MS. of the A-type, much relied upon by Tyrwhitt, who made good use of it. Has lost several leaves. The whole of the Clerk’s Tale was printed from this MS. by Mr. Aldis Wright. The passage in B 4637-52 occurs only in this MS. and a few others, viz. Royal 17 D xv, Addit. 5140, and the Chr. Ch. MS. It also contains the rare lines D 575-84, 609-12, 619-26, 717-20, all printed from this MS. in the Six-text. Lines E 1213-44 are also quoted, to fill a gap in Cm.

  • 30. University Library, Ii. 3. 26; in Tyrwhitt, ‘C 2.’ Of the D-type, including Gamelyn; but the Franklin’s Tale is inserted after the Merchant. Contains many corrupt readings.

  • 31. University Library, Mm. 2. 5. The arrangement of the Tales is very unusual, but resembles that in the Petworth MS., than which it is a little more irregular. A complete MS. of the D-type, including Gamelyn.

  • 32. Trinity College (Cambridge), R. 3. 15; in Tyrwhitt, ‘Tt.’ In quarto, on paper. Some leaves are missing, so that the Canon’s Yeoman, Prioress, and Sir Thopas are lost. Of the D-type, without Gamelyn.

    N.B. This MS. also contains the three poems printed as Chaucer’s (though not his) in the edition of 1687, and numbered 66, 67, and 68, in my Account of ‘Speght’s edition’ in vol. i. It also contains the best MS. of Pierce the Ploughman’s Crede, edited by me from this MS. in 1867.

    Edition: current; Page: [xiii]

  • 33. Trinity College (Cambridge), R. 3. 3; in Tyrwhitt, ‘T.’ A folio MS., on vellum; of the D-type, without Gamelyn; but several Tales are misplaced.

IV.: In other Public Libraries.

  • 34. Sion College, London. A mere fragment, containing only the Clerk’s Tale and Group D.

  • 35. Lichfield Cathedral Library; quoted as Lich. or Li. Of the D-type, omitting Gamelyn. The Tale of Melibee is missing. As the Hengwrt MS. has no Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale, lines G 554-1481 are printed from this MS. in the Six-text.

  • 36. Lincoln Cathedral Library; begins with A 381. Resembles no. 42.

  • 37. Glasgow; in the Hunterian Museum. Begins with A 353; dated 1476.

  • 38. MS. at Paris, mentioned by Dr. Furnivall. Of the B-type.

  • 39. MS. at Naples, mentioned by Dr. Furnivall1.

V.: MSS. in Private Hands.

These include some of the very best.

  • 40. The ‘Ellesmere’ MS., in the possession of the Earl of Ellesmere; denoted by E. It formerly belonged to the Duke of Bridgewater, and afterwards to the Marquis of Stafford. The finest and best of all the MSS. now extant. Of the A-type; printed as the first of the MSS. in the Six-text, and taken as the basis of the present edition.

    It contains the curious coloured drawings of 23 of the Canterbury Pilgrims which have been reproduced for the Chaucer Society. At the end of the MS. is a valuable copy of Chaucer’s Balade of ‘Truth’; see vol. i. At the beginning of the MS., in a later hand, are written two poems printed in Todd’s Illustrations of Gower, &c., pp. 295-309, which Todd absurdly attributed to Chaucer! They are of slight value or interest. It may suffice to say that, at the beginning of the former poem, we find revyved rimed with meved, and many of the lines in it are too long; e. g.—‘I supposed yt to have been some noxiall fantasy.’ In the latter poem, a compliment to the family of Vere, by rimes with auncestrye, and quarter with hereafter; and the lines are of similar over-length, e. g.—‘Of whom prophesyes of antiquite makyth mencion.’

  • 41. The ‘Hengwrt’ MS., no. 154, belonging to Mr. Wm. W. E. Wynne, of Peniarth; denoted by Hn. A valuable MS.; Edition: current; Page: [xiv] it is really of the A-type, though the Tales are strangely misplaced, and the Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale is missing. The readings frequently agree so closely with those of E. (no. 40) that it is, to some extent, almost a duplicate of it. Printed as the second MS. in the Six-text. It also contains Chaucer’s Boethius (imperfect).

  • 42. The ‘Petworth’ MS., belonging to Lord Leconfield; denoted by Pt. A folio MS., on vellum, of high value. Formerly in the possession of the Earl of Egremont (Todd’s Illustrations, p. 118). Of the D-type, including Gamelyn; but the Shipman and Prioress wrongly precede the Man of Law. Printed as the fifth MS. in the Six-text.

  • 43. The ‘Holkham’ MS., noted by Todd (Illustrations, p. 127) as then belonging to Mr. Coke, of Norfolk, and now belonging to the Earl of Leicester. The Tales are out of order; perhaps the leaves are misarranged. Imperfect in various places; has no Parson’s Tale.

  • 44. The ‘Helmingham’ MS., at Helmingham Hall, Suffolk, belonging to Lord Tollemache. On paper and vellum; about 1460 a.d. For a specimen, see the Shipman’s Prologue, printed in the Six-text, in the Preface, p. ix*. Either of the C-type or the D-type.

  • 45-48. Four MSS. in the collection of the late Sir Thos. Phillipps, at Cheltenham, viz. nos. 6570, 8136, 8137, 8299.

    Two of these are mentioned in Todd’s Illustrations, p. 127, as being ‘now [in 1810] in the collection of John P. Kemble, Esq., and in that belonging to the late Duke of Roxburghe; the latter is remarkably beautiful, and is believed to have been once the property of Sir Henry Spelman.’ No. 8299 contains the Clerk’s Tale only.

  • 49-52. Four MSS. belonging to the Earl of Ashburnham; numbered 124-127 in the Appendix. Of these, no. 124 wants the end of the Man of Law’s Tale and the beginning of the Squire’s, and therefore belongs to either the C-type or D-type. Nos. 125 and 126 are imperfect. No. 127 seems to be complete.

  • 53. A MS. belonging to the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth; and formerly to Sir N. L’Estrange. (Of the A-type.)

  • 54. A MS. belonging to Sir Henry Ingilby, of Ripley Castle, Yorkshire. (Of the A-type.)

  • 55. A MS. belonging to the Duke of Northumberland, at Alnwick; and formerly to Mrs. Thynne. (Of the A-type.)

    Edition: current; Page: [xv]

  • 56. A MS. now (in 1891) in the possession of Lady Cardigan.

  • 57-59. Tyrwhitt uses the symbol ‘Ask. 1’ to denote a MS. lent to him by the late Dr. Askew. He also uses the symbols ‘Ch.’ and ‘N.’ to denote ‘two MSS. described in the Preface to Urry’s edition, the one as belonging to Chas. Cholmondeley, Esq. of Vale Royal, in Cheshire, and the other to Mr. Norton, of Southwick, in Hampshire.’ Of these, ‘Ch.’ is now Lord Delamere’s MS., described by Dr. Furnivall in Notes and Queries, 4 Ser. ix. 353. The others I cannot trace.

§ 3.: The Printed Editions.

In the first five editions, the Canterbury Tales were published separately.

  • 1. Caxton; about 1477-8, from a poor MS. Copies are in the British Museum, Merton College, and in the Pepysian Library (no. 2053).

  • 2. Caxton; about 1483, from a better MS. A perfect copy exists in St. John’s College Library, Oxford. Caxton bravely issued this new edition because he had found that his former one was faulty.

  • 3. Pynson; about 1493. Copied from Caxton’s 2nd edition.

  • 4. Wynkyn de Worde; in 1498. In the British Museum.

  • 5. Pynson; in 1526. Copied from Caxton’s 2nd edition.

After this the Canterbury Tales were invariably issued with the rest of Chaucer’s Works, until after 1721. Some account of these editions is given in the Preface to the Minor Poems, in vol. i.; which see. They are: Thynne’s three editions, in 1532, 1542, and 1550 (the last is undated); Stowe’s edition, 1561; Speght’s editions, in 1598, 1602, and 1687; Urry’s edition, in 1721.

Two modernised editions of the Canterbury Tales were published in London in 1737 or 1740, and in 1741.

Next came: ‘Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, to which is added, an Essay on his Language and Versification; an introductory discourse; notes, and a glossary. By Thomas Tyrwhitt, London, 1775-8, 8vo, 5 vols.’ A work of high literary value, to which I am greatly indebted for many necessary notes. Reprinted in 1798 in 4to, 2 vols., by the University of Oxford; and again, at London, in 1822, in post 8vo, 5 vols.; (by Pickering) in 1830, 8vo, 5 vols.; Edition: current; Page: [xvi] and (by Moxon) in 1845, in 1 vol. imp. 8vo. The last of these adds poor texts of the rest of Chaucer’s Works, from old black-letter editions, with which Tyrwhitt had nothing to do. In Tyrwhitt’s text, the number of grammatical errors is very large, and he frequently introduces words into the text without authority. For some account of the later editions of Chaucer’s Works, see the Introduction to the Legend of Good Women, in vol. iii. I may note, by the way, that the editions by Wright, Bell, and Morris are all founded on MS. Harl. 7334, a very unsafe MS. in some respects; see p. viii (above).

It is necessary to add here a few words of warning. Wright’s edition, though it has many merits, turns out, in practice, to be dangerously untrustworthy. He frequently inserts words, borrowed from Tyrwhitt’s edition (which he heartily condemns as being full of errors in grammar), without the least indication that they are not in the MS. This becomes the more serious when we find, upon examination, that Tyrwhitt had likewise no authority for some of such insertions, but simply introduced them, by guess, to fill up a line in a way that pleased him. For example, A 628 runs thus, in all the seven MSS:—

‘Of his visage children were aferd.’ It is quite correct; for ‘viság-e’ is trisyllabic. Tyrwhitt did not know this, and counted the syllables as two only, neglecting the final e The line seemed then too short; so he inserted sore before aferd, thus ruining the scansion. Wright follows suit, and inserts sore, though it is not in his MS.; giving no notice at all of what he has done. Bell follows suit, and the word is even preserved in Morris; but the latter prints the word in italics, to shew that it is not in the MS. Nor is it in the Six-text.

I shall not adduce more instances, but shall content myself with saying that, until the publications of the Chaucer Society appeared, no reader had the means of knowing what the best MS. texts were really like. All who have been accustomed to former (complete) editions have necessarily imbibed hundreds of false impressions, and have necessarily accepted numberless theories as to the scansion of lines which they will, in course of due time, be prepared to abandon. In the course of my work, it has been made clear to me that Chaucer’s text has been manipulated and sophisticated, frequently in most cunning and plausible ways, to a far greater extent than I could have believed to be possible. This is not a pleasant subject, and I only mention it for the use of scholars. Such variations fortunately seldom affect the sense; but they vitiate the scansion, the grammar, and the etymology in many cases. Of course it will be understood that I am saying no more than I can fully substantiate.

It is absolutely appalling to read such a statement as the following in Bell’s edition, vol i. p. 60. ‘All deviations, either from Mr. Wright’s edition, or from the original MS., are pointed out in the footnotes for the ultimate satisfaction of the reader.’ For the instances in which this is really done are very rare indeed, in spite of the large number of such deviations.

Of Tyrwhitt’s text, it is sufficient to remark that it was hardly possible, at Edition: current; Page: [xvii] that date, for a better text to have been produced. The rules of Middle English grammar had not been formulated, so that we are not surprised to find that he constantly makes the past tense of a weak verb monosyllabic, when it should be dissyllabic, and treats the past participle as dissyllabic, when it should be monosyllabic which makes wild work with the scansion. It is also to be regretted that he based his text upon the faulty black-letter editions, though he took a great deal of pains in collating them with various MSS.

On the other hand, his literary notes are full of learning and research; and the number of admirable illustrations by which he has efficiently elucidated the text is very great. His reputation as one of the foremost of our literary critics is thoroughly established, and needs no comment.

Mr. Wright’s notes are likewise excellent, and resulted from a wide reading. I have also found some most useful hints in the notes to Bell’s edition. Of all such sources of information I have been only too glad to avail myself, as is more fully shewn in the succeeding volume.

§ 4.: Plan of the Present Edition.

The text of the present edition of the Canterbury Tales is founded upon that of the Ellesmere MS. (E.) It has been collated throughout with that of the other six MSS. published by the Chaucer Society. Of these seven MSS., the Harleian MS. 7334 (Hl.) was printed separately. The other six were printed in the valuable ‘Six-text’ edition, to which I constantly have occasion to refer, in parallel columns. The six MSS. are: E. (Ellesmere), Hn. (Hengwrt), Cm. (Cambridge, Gg, 4. 27), Cp. (Corpus Coll., Oxford), Pt. (Petworth), and Ln. (Lansdowne). MSS. E. Hn. Cm. represent the earliest type (A) of the text; Hl., a transitional type (B); Cp. and Ln., a still later type (C); and Pt., the latest of all (D), but hardly differing from C.

In using these terms, ‘earliest,’ &c., I do not refer to the age of the MSS., but to the type of text which they exhibit.

In the list of MSS. given above, Hl. is no. 1; E., Hn., Cm., are nos. 40, 41, and 28; and Cp., Pt., Ln., are nos. 24, 42, and 10 respectively.

Of all the MSS., E. is the best in nearly every respect. It not only gives good lines and good sense, but is also (usually) grammatically accurate and thoroughly well spelt. The publication of it has been a very great boon to all Chaucer students, for which Dr. Furnivall will be ever gratefully remembered. We must not omit, at the same time, to recognise the liberality and generosity of the owner of the MS., who so freely permitted such full use of it to be made; the same remark applies, equally, to the Edition: current; Page: [xviii] owners of the Hengwrt and the Petworth MSS. The names of the Earl of Ellesmere, Mr. Wm. W. E. Wynne of Peniarth, and Lord Leconfield have deservedly become as ‘familiar as household words’ to many a student of Chaucer.

This splendid MS. has also the great merit of being complete, requiring no supplement from any other source, except in the few cases where a line or two has been missed. For example, it does not contain A 252 b-c (found in Hn. only); nor A 2681-2 (also not in Hn. or Cm.); nor B 1163-1190 (also not in Hn or Cm.); nor B 1995 (very rare indeed).

It is slightly imperfect in B 2510, 2514, 2525, 2526, 2623-4, 2746, 2967. It drops B 3147-8, C 103-4, C 297-8 (not in Hn. Cm. Pt.), E 1358-61, G 564-5; and has a few defects in the Parson’s Tale in I 190, 273, &c. In the Tale of Melibeus, the French original shews that all the MSS. have lost B 2252-3, 2623-4, which have to be supplied by translation.

None of the seven MSS. have B 4637-4652; these lines are genuine, but were probably meant to be cancelled. They only occur, to my knowledge, in four MSS., nos. 7, 11, 25, and 29; though found also in the old black-letter editions.

On the other hand, E. preserves lines rarely found elsewhere. Such are A 3155-6, 3721-2, F 1455-6, 1493-9; twelve genuine lines, none of which are in Tyrwhitt, and only the first two are in Wright. Observe also the stanza in the footnote to p. 424; with which compare B 3083, on p. 241.

The text of the Ellesmere MS. has only been corrected in cases where careful collation suggests a desirable improvement. Every instance of this character is invariably recorded in the footnotes. Thus, in A 8, the grammar and scansion require half-e, not half; though, curiously enough, this correct form appears in Hl. only, among all the seven MSS. In very difficult cases, other MSS. (besides the seven) have been collated, but I have seldom gained much by it. The chief additional MSS. thus used are Dd. = Cambridge, Dd. 4. 24 (no. 29 above); Slo. or Sl. = Sloane 1685 (no. 8); Roy. or Rl. = Royal 18 C 2 (no. 6); Harl. = Harleian 1758 (see p. 645); Li. or Lich. = Lichfield MS. (no. 35), for the Canon’s Yeoman’s Tale; and others that are sufficiently indicated.

I have paid especial attention to the suffixes required by Middle-English grammar, to the scansion, and to the pronunciation; and I suppose that this is the first complete edition in which the Edition: current; Page: [xix] spelling has been tested by phonetic considerations. With a view to making the spelling a little clearer and more consistent, I have ventured to adopt certain methods which I here explain.

In certain words of variable spelling in E., such as whan or whanne, than or thanne, I have adopted that form which the scansion requires; but the MS. is usually right.

E. usually has hise for his with a plural sb., as in l. 1; I use his always, except in prose. E. has hir, here, for her, their; I use hir only, except at the end of a line.

E. uses the endings -ight or -yght, -inde or -ynde; I use -ight, -inde only; and, in general, I use i to represent short i, and y to represent long i, as in king, wyf. Such is the usual habit of the scribe, but he often changes i into y before m and n, to make his writing clearer; such a precaution is needless in modern printing. Thus, in l. 42, I replace the scribe’s bigynne by biginne; and in l. 78, I replace his pilgrymage by pilgrimage. This makes the text easier to read.

For a like reason, where equivalent spellings occur, I select the simpler; writing couthe (as in Pt.) for kowthe, sote for soote, sege for seege, and so on. In words such as our or oure, your or youre, hir or hire, neuer or neuere, I usually give the simpler forms, without the final -e, when the -e is obviously silent.

For consonantal u, as in neuer, I write v, as in never. This is usual in all editions. But I could not bring myself to use j for i consonant; the anachronism is too great Never for neuer is common in the fifteenth century, but j does not occur even in the first folio of Shakespeare. I therefore usually keep the capital i of the MSS. and of the Elizabethan printers, as in Ioye ( = joye) where initial, and the small i, as in enioinen = enjoinen) elsewhere. Those who dislike such conservatism may be comforted by the reflection that the sound rarely occurs.

The word eye has to be altered to ye at the end of a line, to preserve the rimes. The scribes usually write eye in the middle of a line, but when they come to it at the end of one, they are fairly puzzled. In l. 10, the scribe of Hn. writes Iye, and that of Ln. writes yhe; and the variations on this theme are most curious. The spelling ye ( = ye) is, however, common; as in A 1096 (Cm., Pt.). I print it ‘yë’ to distinguish it from ye, the pl. pronoun.

These minute variations are, I trust, legitimate, and I have not recorded them. They cause trouble to the editor, but afford ease Edition: current; Page: [xx] to the reader, which seems a sufficient justification for adopting them. But the scrupulous critic need not fear that the MS. has been departed from in any case, where it could make any phonetic difference, without due notice. Thus, in l. 9, where I have changed foweles into fowles as being a more usual form, the fact that foweles is the Ellesmere spelling is duly recorded in the footnotes. And so in other cases.

The footnotes do not record various readings where E. is correct as it stands; they have purposely been made as concise as possible. It would have been easy to multiply them fourfold without giving much information of value; this is not unfrequently done, but the gain is slight. With so good a MS. as the basis of the text, it did not seem desirable.

The following methods for shortening the footnotes have been adopted.

  • 1. Sometimes only the readings of some of the MSS. are given. Thus at l. 9 (p. 1), I omit the readings of Cp. and of Cm. As a fact, neither of these MSS. contain the line; but it was not worth while to take up space by saying so. At l. 10 (p. 1, I again omit the readings of Cp. and of Cm., for the same reason; also of Ln., which is a poor MS., though here it agrees with Hl. (having yhe); also of Pt., which has eyghe, a spelling not here to be thought of. At l. 12, I just note that E. has pilgrimage (by mistake); of course this means that it should have had pilgrimages in the plural, as in other MSS., and as required by the rime.

  • 2. At l. 23 (p 2), the remark ‘rest was’ implies that all the rest of the seven MSS. specially collated have ‘was.’ The word ‘rest’ is a convenient abbreviation.

  • 3. When, as at l 53, I give nacions as a rejected reading of E. in the footnote, it will be understood that naciouns is a better spelling, justified by other MSS., and by other lines in E. itself. E. g., naciouns occurs in Hl. and Pt., and Cm. has naciounnys.

  • 4. I often use ‘om.’ for ‘omit,’ or ‘omits,’ as in the footnote to l. 188 (p. 6).

  • 5. At l 335 (p. 11), I give the footnote:—‘ever] Hl. al’ This means that MS Hl. has al instead of the word ever of the other MSS. It seemed worth noting; but ever is probably right.

  • 6. At l. 520 (p. 16), the note is:—‘All but Hl. this was.’ That is, Hl. has was, as in the text; the rest have this was, where the addition of this sadly clogs the line.

With these hints, the footnotes present no difficulty.

As a rule, I have refrained from all emendation; but, in B 1189, I have ventured to suggest physices1, for reasons explained in the Notes. Those who prefer the reading Phislyas can adopt it.

For further details regarding particular passages, I beg leave to refer the reader to the Notes in vol. v.

Edition: current; Page: [xxi]

§ 5.: Table of Symbols denoting MSS.

Cm.—Cambridge Univ. Lib. Gg. 4. 27 (Ellesmere type). No. 28 in list.

Cp.—Corpus Chr. Coll., Oxford, no. 198. No. 24.

Dd.—Cambridge Univ. Lib. Dd. 4. 24 (Ellesmere type). No. 29.

E.—Ellesmere MS. (basis of the text). No. 40.

Harl.—Harl. 1758; Brit. Mus.; see p. 645. No. 4.

Hl.—Harl. 7334; British Museum. No. 1.

Hn.—Hengwrt MS. no. 154. No. 41.

Li. or Lich.—Lichfield MS.; see pp. 533-553. No. 35.

Ln.—Lansdowne 851; Brit. Mus. (Corpus type). No. 10.

Pt.—Petworth MS. No. 42.

Rl. or Roy.—Royal 18 C. II; Brit. Mus.; see p. 645. No. 6.

Seld.—Arch. Selden, B. 14; Bodleian Library. No. 18.

Sl. or Slo.—Sloane 1685: Brit. Mus.; see p. 645. No. 8.

§ 6.: Table shewing the various ways of numbering the lines.

Six-text (as here) Tyrwhitt. Wright.
1Tyrwhitt counts 252 b and 252 c as 253 and 254; but omits 3155, 3156; hence, in 3157-3720, the numbering is alike in the Six-text and T. He then omits 3721, 3722, making a difference of two lines. Wright follows Tyrwhitt’s numbering in Group A, and in B 1-1162 1Tyrwhitt counts 252 b and 252 c as 253 and 254; but omits 3155, 3156; hence, in 3157-3720, the numbering is alike in the Six-text and T. He then omits 3721, 3722, making a difference of two lines. Wright follows Tyrwhitt’s numbering in Group A, and in B 1-1162 2T. counts B 1982, 1983 as one line; so also B 2002, 2003, and B 2012, 2013, and B 2076, 2077, making a difference of four lines; but, on the other hand, he expands B 1993 into three lines; hence, on the whole, a difference of two lines in this portion. See pp. 192, 193, and note to B 1993 in vol. v 3Wright counts the lines as I do, but his numbering is in one place incorrect; after the line which he calls 15260, he counts the next thirteen lines as ten. 4As in the Six-text, I call each clause of Melibeus between the sloping marks a line, and so number it. So also in the Parson’s Tale 5T. cuts up the Tale into paragraphs. So also in the Parson’s Tale (Group I). I have numbered these, for convenience; see head-lines, pp 199-240. 1Sixteen lines short in Wright, because the Epilogue to the Nonne Prestes Tale see p. 289) is relegated to a footnote. 2Twelve lines short; T. omits E 1305-6, F 671-2, 1455-6, 1493-8. Wright keeps E 1305-6, but does not count them, and omits the other ten.
A—1-4422 1-44201 1-44201
B—1-1162 4421-5582 4421-5582
B—1163-2156 12903-138942 14384-153743
B—2157-30784 Prose; not counted5. Prose; not counted.
B—3079-3564 13895-14380 15375-15860
B—3565-3652 14685-14772 15861-15948
B—3653-3956 14381-14684 15949-16252
B—3957-4652 14773-15468 16253-169321
Spurious; see p. 289, note. 11929-11934 13410-13415
C—1-968 11935-12902 13416-14383
D (2294 lines); E (2440); F (1624) 5583-119282 5583-11928
G—1-1481 15469-16949 11929-13409
H—(362); I 1-74 16950-17385 16933-17368

Hence, to obtain the order of the lines in Tyrwhitt, see A-B 1162; D, E, F; p. 289, footnote; C; B 1163-2156, 3079-3564, 3653-3956, 3565-3652, 3957-4652; G, H, I.

Or (by pages), see pp. 1-164, 320-508, 289 (footnote), 290-319, 165-256 (which includes Melibeus), 259-268, 256-258, 269-289, 509-end.

To facilitate reference, the numbering of the lines in Tyrwhitt’s text is marked at the top of every page, preceded by the letter ‘T.’; lines which Tyrwhitt omits are marked ‘[T. om.’, as on p. 90; and his paragraphs (all numbered in this edition) are carefully preserved in Melibeus and the Parson’s Tale, which are in prose. In the Prologue, after l. 250, his numbering is given within marks of parenthesis.

The lines in every piece are also numbered separately, within marks of parenthesis, as (10), (20), on p. 26. This numbering (borrowed from Dr. Murray) agrees with the references given in the New English Dictionary. It also gives, in most cases, either exactly or approximately, the references to Dr. Morris’s edition, who adopts a similar method, with a few variations of detail. The lines in Bell’s edition are not numbered at all.

To obtain the order in Wright’s edition, see pp. 1-164, 320-554, 289 (footnote), 290-319, 165-289, 555-end. The variations are fewer.

Some may find it more convenient to observe the names of the Tales.

Edition: current; Page: [xxiii]

Tyrwhitt’s order of the Tales is as follows1:—Prologue, Knight, Miller, Reeve, Cook—Man of Lawe—Wife, Friar, Somnour—Clerk, Merchant—Squire, Franklin—Doctor (Physician), Pardoner—Shipman, Prioress, Sir Thopas, Melibeus, Monk2, Nun’s Priest—Second Nun, Canon’s Yeoman—Manciple—Parson.

§ 7: The four Leading Types of the MSS.

The four leading types of MSS. usually exhibit a variation in the order of the Tales, as well as many minor differences. I only note here the former (omitting Gamelyn, which is absent from MSS. of the A-type, and from some of the D-type).

A.—1. Prologue, Knight, Miller, Reeve, Cook.

2. Man of Lawe.

3. Wife of Bath, Friar, Sompnour.

4. Clerk, Merchant.

5. Squire, Franklin.

6. Doctor, Pardoner.

7. Shipman, Prioress, Sir Thopas, Melibeus, Monk, Nun’s Priest.

8. Second Nun, Canon’s Yeoman.

9. Manciple, (slightly linked to) Parson.

B.—Places 8 before 6. Order: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 6, 7, 9.

C.—Not only places 8 before 6 (as B), but splits 5 into 5 a (Squire) and 5 b (Franklin), and places 5 a before 3. Order 1, 2, 5 a, 3, 4, 5 b, 8, 6, 7, 9.

D.—As C, but further splits 4 into 4 a (Clerk), and 4 b (Merchant), and places 4 b after 5 a. Order: 1, 2, 5 a, 4 b, 3, 4 a, 5 b, 8, 6, 7, 9. (D. is really a mere variety of C., with an external difference.)

Observe the position of the Franklin. Thus: A. Squire, Franklin, Doctor. B. Squire, Franklin, Second Nun. C. Merchant, Franklin, Second Nun. D. Clerk, Franklin, Second Nun.

For further remarks on this subject, see vol. v.

Edition: current; Page: [xxiv]

ERRATA.

P 14. A 467. Perhaps the full stop at the end of the line should be a colon.

P. 15. Footnote to A 503 For ‘Hl. alone’ read ‘Tyrwhitt.’

P 85. A 3016. For eye read ye

P. 133. B 115. Insert marks of quotation at the beginning and end of the line

P. 133. B 120, 121. Insert marks of quotation at the beginning of l. 120 and at the end of l. 121.

P. 134. In the headline; for T. 4454 read T. 4554.

P. 146. B 540, 541, 547. For cristen read Cristen

P. 146. B 544 For cristianitee read Cristianitee. So also at p. 525; G 535.

P. 194. B 2043. Dele; after spicerye

P 202 B 2222. For yevynge read yevinge

P 205. B 2253 For owe read ow

P 207. B 2303. For se read see

P. 219. footnotes. For 2251 and 2252 read 2551 and 2552

P. 232, ll 9, 10. Dele the quotation-mark after certeyne, and insert it after another.

P. 271. B 4011. For stope a better reading is stape

P. 285. B 4510. For charitee perhaps read Charitee

P. 285. B 4541. For chide read chyde

P. 299. C 291. Either read advocas, or note that the t in advocats is silent.

P. 318. C 955. For Thay read They

P. 338. In the headline; for 6225 read 6235.

P. 339. In the headline; for 6226 read 6236.

P. 344. D 846 For But if read But-if

P. 345. D 859. For All read Al

P. 354. Footnotes; last line. For 1205 read 1204

P. 355. D 1219, 1227. For Chese and chese read Chees and chees.

P. 363. D 1436. For But if read But-if

P. 387. D 2242. Perhaps insert a comma after himself

P. 419. E 994. For gouernance read governance

P. 428. E 1304, 1306. Insert quotation-mark at the end of l. 1304, instead of the end of l. 1306.

P. 438 E 1635. For Saue read Save

P. 444 E 1866. Insert Auctor opposite this line.

P. 449. E 2058. For scorpion read scorpioun; as the last syllable is accented.

P. 459. E 2418. For bless read blesse

P. 461. F 20. After all, the right reading probably is that given by E Cp. Pt. Ln. Hl., but with the form pietous for pitous, as in Troilus, iii. 1444, and v. 451. Read—And piëtous and Iust, alwey y-liche.

P. 468. F 266. For Cambynskan read Cambinskan. So also at p. 480, first line.

P. 474. F 462. For sle read slee

P. 505, footnotes. For 1527 read 1526

P. 527. G 558, footnote. The real reading of E is—

And vndernethe he wered a surplys

P. 543. G 1107. For shall read shal

P. 626. Footnotes; last line. For E Seld. Ln. beauteis; read E. Seld. Ln. beautees;

P. 634. I 955. For Daniel, read David. [N. B. MSS. E. Cm. Danyel; the rest, Dauid. Probably Chaucer wrote ‘Daniel’ at first, and afterwards corrected it (by the original) to ‘David.’ Nevertheless, ‘Daniel’ is a good reading.]

Edition: current; Page: [xxv]

ADDITIONS TO ‘THE MINOR POEMS’ IN VOL. I.

[Further researches have brought to light some more of Chaucer’s Minor Poems. I first met with the excellent Balade on ‘Womanly Noblesse’ in MS. Phillipps 9030 (now MS. Addit. 34360) on June 1, 1894; and on the following day I noticed in MS. Harl. 7578 (partly described in vol. i. p. 58) two Complaints that may perhaps be attributed to our author. As, from the nature of the case, they could not be included in Vol. i, they are inserted here.]

XXIV.: WOMANLY NOBLESSE.

    • Balade that Chaucier made.

    • So hath my herte caught in rémembraunce
    • Your beautè hool, and stedfast governaunce,
    • Your vertues allè, and your hy noblesse,
    • That you to serve is set al my plesaunce;
    • So wel me lykth your womanly contenaunce, Skeat1900: 5
    • Edition: current; Page: [xxvi]
    • Your fresshe fetures and your comlinesse,
    • That, whyl I live, my herte to his maistresse,
    • You hath ful chose, in trew perséveraunce,
    • Never to chaunge, for no maner distresse.
    • And sith I [you] shal do this observaunceSkeat1900: 10
    • Al my lyf, withouten displesaunce,
    • You for to serve with al my besinesse,
    • [Taketh me, lady, in your obeisaunce,]
    • And have me somwhat in your souvenaunce.
    • My woful herte suffreth greet duresse;Skeat1900: 15
    • And [loke] how humbl[el]y, with al simplesse,
    • My wil I cónforme to your ordenaunce,
    • As you best list, my peynes to redresse.
    • Considring eek how I hange in balaunce
    • In your servysè; swich, lo! is my chaunce,Skeat1900: 20
    • Abyding grace, whan that your gentilnesse
    • Of my gret wo list doon allegeaunce,
    • And with your pitè me som wyse avaunce,
    • In ful rebating of my hevinesse;
    • And thinkth, by reson, wommanly noblesseSkeat1900: 25
    • Shuld nat desyre for to doon outrance
    • Ther-as she findeth noon unbuxumnesse.

  • Lenvoye.

  • Auctour of norture, lady of plesaunce,
  • Soveraine of beautè, flour of wommanhede,
  • Take ye non hede unto myn ignoraunce,Skeat1900: 30
  • But this receyveth of your goodlihede,
  • Thinking that I have caught in rémembraunce
  • Your beautè hool, your stedfast governaunce.
Edition: current; Page: [xxvii]

XXV.: COMPLAINT TO MY MORTAL FOE.

    • Al hoolly youres, withouten otheres part!
    • Wherefore? y-wis, that I ne can ne may
    • My service chaungen; thus of al suche art
    • The lerninge I desyre for ever and ay.
    • And evermore, whyl that I live may,Skeat1900: 5
    • In trouthe I wol your servant stille abyde,
    • Although my wo encresè day by day,
    • Til that to me be come the dethes tyde.
    • Seint Valentyne! to you I rénovele
    • My woful lyf, as I can, compleyninge;Skeat1900: 10
    • But, as me thinketh, to you a quarele
    • Right greet I have, whan I, rememberinge
    • BBitwene, how kinde, ayeins the yeres springe,
    • Upon your day, doth ech foul chese his make;
    • And you list not in swich comfórt me bringe,Skeat1900: 15
    • That to her grace my lady shulde me take.
  • Edition: current; Page: [xxviii]
    • Wherfor unto you, Cupide, I beseche,
    • Furth with Venús, noble lusty goddesse,
    • Sith ye may best my sorowe lesse and eche;
    • And I, your man, oppressed with distresse,Skeat1900: 20
    • Can not crye ‘help!’ but to your gentilnesse:
    • So voucheth sauf, sith I, your man, wol dye,
    • My ladies herte in pitè folde and presse,
    • That of my peyne I finde remedye.
    • To your conning, my hertes right princesse,Skeat1900: 25
    • My mortal fo, whiche I best love and serve,
    • I recommaunde my boistous lewednesse.
    • And, for I can not altherbest deserve
    • Your grace, I preye, as he that wol nat swerve,
    • That I may fare the better for my trouthe;Skeat1900: 30
    • Sith I am youres, til deth my herte kerve,
    • On me, your man, now mercy have and routhe.
Edition: current; Page: [xxix]

XXVI.: COMPLAINT TO MY LODE-STERRE.

    • Of gretter cause may no wight him compleyne
    • Than I; for love hath set me in swich caas
    • That lasse Ioye and more encrees of peyne
    • Ne hath no man; wherfore I crye ‘allas!’
    • A thousand tyme, whan I have tyme and space.Skeat1900: 5
    • For she, that is my verray sorowes grounde,
    • Wol with her grace no wyse my sorowes sounde.
    • And that, shulde be my sorowes hertes leche,
    • Is me ageins, and maketh me swich werre,
    • That shortly, [in] al maner thought and speche,Skeat1900: 10
    • Whether it be that I be nigh or ferre,
    • I misse the grace of you, my lode-sterre,
    • Which causeth me on you thus for to crye;
    • And al is it for lakke of remedye.
    • My soverain Ioye thus is my mortal fo;Skeat1900: 15
    • She that shulde causen al my lustinesse
    • List in no wyse of my sorowes saye ‘ho!’
    • Edition: current; Page: [xxx]
    • But let me thus darraine, in hevinesse,
    • With woful thoughtes and my grete distresse,
    • The which she might right wele, [at] every tyde,Skeat1900: 20
    • If that her liste, out of my herte gyde.
    • But it is so, that her list, in no wyse,
    • Have pitè on my woful besinesse;
    • And I ne can do no maner servyse
    • That may me torne out of my hevinesse;Skeat1900: 25
    • So woldè god, that she now wolde impresse
    • Right in her herte my trouthe and eek good wille;
    • And let me not, for lakke of mercy, spille.
    • Now wele I woot why thus I smerte sore;
    • For couthe I wele, as othere folkes, feyne,Skeat1900: 30
    • Than neded me to live in peyne no more,
    • But, whan I were from you, unteye my reyne,
    • And, for the tyme, drawe in another cheyne.
    • But woldè god that alle swich were y-knowe,
    • And duely punisshed of hye and lowe.Skeat1900: 35
    • Swich lyf defye I, bothe in thoughte and worde,
    • For yet me were wel lever for to sterve
    • Than in my herte for to make an horde
    • Of any falshood; for, til deth to-kerve
    • My herte and body, shal I never swerveSkeat1900: 40
    • From you, that best may be my fynal cure,
    • But, at your liste, abyde myn aventure;
    • And preye to you, noble seint Valentyne,
    • My ladies herte that ye wolde enbrace,
    • Edition: current; Page: [xxxi]
    • And make her pitè to me more enclyneSkeat1900: 45
    • That I may stonden in her noble grace
    • In hasty tyme, whyl I have lyves space:
    • For yit wiste I never noon, of my lyve,
    • So litel hony in so fayre hyve.

NOTES TO THE PRECEDING POEMS.

XXIV.

—I take the title from l. 25; cf. Troil. i. 287.

The metre exhibits the nine-line stanza, as in Anelida, 211-9; but the same rimes recur in all three stanzas. The six-line Envoy, with the rime-formu a a b a b a a, is unique in Chaucer. There are nineteen lines ending in -aunce, twelve in -esse, and two in -ede.

1. Note how ll. 1 and 2 are re-echoed in ll. 32, 33. For a similar effect, see Anelida, 211, 350.

8. ful chose, fully chosen; parallel to ful drive in C. T., F 1230.

14. souvenance, remembrance; not found elswhere in Chaucer.

16. humblely is trisyllabic; see Leg. 156, Troil. ii. 1719, v. 1354.

20. lo emphasises swich; cf. lo, this, T. v. 54; lo, which, T. iv. 1231.

22. allegeaunce, alleviation; the verb allegge is in the Glossary.

26. outrance, extreme violence, great hurt; see Godefroy.

27. unbuxumnesse, unsubmissiveness; cf. buxumnesse, Truth, 15.

XXV.

—I take the title from l. 26; cf. Compl. to his Lady, 41, 64.

1. Cf. Amorous Complaint, 87; Troil. v. 1318, i. 960.

3. ‘Love hath me taught no more of his art,’ &c.; Compl. to his Lady, 42-3.

9. Cf. Compl. of Mars, 13, 14; p. xxx above, l. 43; Parl. Foules, 386-9; Amorous Complaint, 85-6.

19. eche, augment; ‘hir sorwes eche,’ T. i. 705.

27. ‘And to your trouthe ay I me recomaunde;’ T. v. 1414. ‘I am a boistous man;’ C. T., H 211.

XXVI.

—I take the title from l. 12; see T. v. 232, 638, 1392.

7. sounde, heal, cure; as in Anelida, 242.

8. Perhaps read hertes sorwes leche; see T. ii. 1066.

10. Cf. ‘as in his speche;’ T. ii. 1069.

26. impresse; cf. T. ii. 1371.

Edition: current; Page: [xxxii]

28. spille; cf. Compl. to his Lady, 121.

32. reyne, bridle. For this image, cf. Anelida, 184.

39. MS. deth the kerue. As e and o are constantly confused, the prefix to (written apart) may have looked like te, and would easily be altered to the. Cf. forkerveth in the Manc. Tale, H 340.

47. Here spac-e rimes with embrac-e, but in l. 5 it rimes with allas. This variation is no worse than the riming of embrace with compas in Proverbs, 8 (vol. i. p. 407). Cf. plac-e in C. T., B 1910, with its variant plas, B 1971.

N. B. The Complaints numbered XXV and XXVI are obviously by the same author; compare XXV. 26 with XXVI. 15; XXV. 9 with XXVI. 43; and XXV. 29-31 with XXVI. 39, 40. They were probably written nearly at the same time.

Edition: current; Page: [1]

THE CANTERBURY TALES. GROUP A.

THE PROLOGUE.

Here biginneth the Book of the Tales of Caunterbury.

  • WHAN that Aprille with his shoures sote
  • The droghte of Marche hath perced to the rote,
  • And bathed every veyne in swich licour,
  • Of which vertu engendred is the flour;
  • Whan Zephirus eek with his swete breethSkeat1900: 5
  • Inspired hath in every holt and heeth
  • The tendre croppes, and the yonge sonne
  • Hath in the Ram his halfe cours y-ronne,
  • And smale fowles maken melodye,
  • That slepen al the night with open ye,Skeat1900: 10
  • (So priketh hem nature in hir corages):
  • Than longen folk to goon on pilgrimages
  • (And palmers for to seken straunge strondes)
  • To ferne halwes, couthe in sondry londes;
  • And specially, from every shires endeSkeat1900: 15
  • Of Engelond, to Caunterbury they wende,
  • The holy blisful martir for to seke,
  • That hem hath holpen, whan that they were seke.
  • Bifel that, in that seson on a day,
  • In Southwerk at the Tabard as I laySkeat1900: 20
  • Redy to wenden on my pilgrimage
  • To Caunterbury with ful devout corage,
  • Edition: current; Page: [2]
  • At night was come in-to that hostelrye
  • Wel nyne and twenty in a companye,
  • Of sondry folk, by aventure y-falleSkeat1900: 25
  • In felawshipe, and pilgrims were they alle,
  • That toward Caunterbury wolden ryde;
  • The chambres and the stables weren wyde,
  • And wel we weren esed atte beste.
  • And shortly, whan the sonne was to reste,Skeat1900: 30
  • So hadde I spoken with hem everichon,
  • That I was of hir felawshipe anon,
  • And made forward erly for to ryse,
  • To take our wey, ther as I yow devyse.
  • But natheles, whyl I have tyme and space,Skeat1900: 35
  • Er that I ferther in this tale pace,
  • Me thinketh it acordaunt to resoun,
  • To telle yow al the condicioun
  • Of ech of hem, so as it semed me,
  • And whiche they weren, and of what degree;Skeat1900: 40
  • And eek in what array that they were inne:
  • And at a knight than wol I first biginne.
  • A Knight ther was, and that a worthy man, Knight
  • That fro the tyme that he first bigan
  • To ryden out, he loved chivalrye,Skeat1900: 45
  • Trouthe and honour, fredom and curteisye.
  • Ful worthy was he in his lordes werre,
  • And therto hadde he riden (no man ferre)
  • As wel in Cristendom as hethenesse,
  • And ever honoured for his worthinesse.Skeat1900: 50
  • At Alisaundre he was, whan it was wonne;
  • Ful ofte tyme he hadde the bord bigonne
  • Aboven alle naciouns in Pruce.
  • In Lettow hadde he reysed and in Ruce,
  • No Cristen man so ofte of his degree.Skeat1900: 55
  • In Gernade at the sege eek hadde he be
  • Of Algezir, and riden in Belmarye.
  • At Lyeys was he, and at Satalye,
  • Edition: current; Page: [3]
  • Whan they were wonne; and in the Grete See
  • At many a noble aryve hadde he be.Skeat1900: 60
  • At mortal batailles hadde he been fiftene,
  • And foughten for our feith at Tramissene
  • In listes thryes, and ay slayn his foo.
  • This ilke worthy knight had been also
  • Somtyme with the lord of Palatye,Skeat1900: 65
  • Ageyn another hethen in Turkye:
  • And evermore he hadde a sovereyn prys.
  • And though that he were worthy, he was wys,
  • And of his port as meke as is a mayde.
  • He never yet no vileinye ne saydeSkeat1900: 70
  • In al his lyf, un-to no maner wight.
  • He was a verray parfit gentil knight.
  • But for to tellen yow of his array,
  • His hors were gode, but he was nat gay.
  • Of fustian he wered a gipounSkeat1900: 75
  • Al bismotered with his habergeoun;
  • For he was late y-come from his viage,
  • And wente for to doon his pilgrimage.
  • With him ther was his sone, a yong Squyer, Squyer.
  • A lovyere, and a lusty bacheler,Skeat1900: 80
  • With lokkes crulle, as they were leyd in presse.
  • Of twenty yeer of age he was, I gesse.
  • Of his stature he was of evene lengthe,
  • And wonderly deliver, and greet of strengthe.
  • And he had been somtyme in chivachye,Skeat1900: 85
  • In Flaundres, in Artoys, and Picardye,
  • And born him wel, as of so litel space,
  • In hope to stonden in his lady grace.
  • Embrouded was he, as it were a mede
  • Al ful of fresshe floures, whyte and rede.Skeat1900: 90
  • Singinge he was, or floytinge, al the day;
  • He was as fresh as is the month of May.
  • Edition: current; Page: [4]
  • Short was his goune, with sleves longe and wyde.
  • Wel coude he sitte on hors, and faire ryde.
  • He coude songes make and wel endyte,Skeat1900: 95
  • Iuste and eek daunce, and wel purtreye and wryte.
  • So hote he lovede, that by nightertale
  • He sleep namore than dooth a nightingale.
  • Curteys he was, lowly, and servisable,
  • And carf biforn his fader at the table.Skeat1900: 100
  • A Yeman hadde he, and servaunts namo Yeman.
  • At that tyme, for him liste ryde so;
  • And he was clad in cote and hood of grene;
  • A sheef of pecok-arwes brighte and kene
  • Under his belt he bar ful thriftily;Skeat1900: 105
  • (Wel coude he dresse his takel yemanly:
  • His arwes drouped noght with fetheres lowe),
  • And in his hand he bar a mighty bowe.
  • A not-heed hadde he, with a broun visage.
  • Of wode-craft wel coude he al the usage.Skeat1900: 110
  • Upon his arm he bar a gay bracer,
  • And by his syde a swerd and a bokeler,
  • And on that other syde a gay daggere,
  • Harneised wel, and sharp as point of spere;
  • A Cristofre on his brest of silver shene.Skeat1900: 115
  • An horn he bar, the bawdrik was of grene;
  • A forster was he, soothly, as I gesse.
  • Ther was also a Nonne, a Prioresse, Prioresse.
  • That of hir smyling was ful simple and coy;
  • Hir gretteste ooth was but by sëynt Loy;Skeat1900: 120
  • And she was cleped madame Eglentyne.
  • Ful wel she song the service divyne,
  • Entuned in hir nose ful semely;
  • And Frensh she spak ful faire and fetisly,
  • After the scole of Stratford atte Bowe,Skeat1900: 125
  • For Frensh of Paris was to hir unknowe.
  • At mete wel y-taught was she with-alle;
  • Edition: current; Page: [5]
  • She leet no morsel from hir lippes falle,
  • Ne wette hir fingres in hir sauce depe.
  • Wel coude she carie a morsel, and wel kepe,Skeat1900: 130
  • That no drope ne fille up-on hir brest.
  • In curteisye was set ful muche hir lest.
  • Hir over lippe wyped she so clene,
  • That in hir coppe was no ferthing sene
  • Of grece, whan she dronken hadde hir draughte.Skeat1900: 135
  • Ful semely after hir mete she raughte,
  • And sikerly she was of greet disport,
  • And ful plesaunt, and amiable of port,
  • And peyned hir to countrefete chere
  • Of court, and been estatlich of manere,Skeat1900: 140
  • And to ben holden digne of reverence.
  • But, for to speken of hir conscience,
  • She was so charitable and so pitous,
  • She wolde wepe, if that she sawe a mous
  • Caught in a trappe, if it were deed or bledde.Skeat1900: 145
  • Of smale houndes had she, that she fedde
  • With rosted flesh, or milk and wastel-breed.
  • But sore weep she if oon of hem were deed,
  • Or if men smoot it with a yerde smerte:
  • And al was conscience and tendre herte.Skeat1900: 150
  • Ful semely hir wimpel pinched was;
  • Hir nose tretys; hir eyen greye as glas;
  • Hir mouth ful smal, and ther-to softe and reed;
  • But sikerly she hadde a fair forheed;
  • It was almost a spanne brood, I trowe;Skeat1900: 155
  • For, hardily, she was nat undergrowe.
  • Ful fetis was hir cloke, as I was war.
  • Of smal coral aboute hir arm she bar
  • A peire of bedes, gauded al with grene;
  • And ther-on heng a broche of gold ful shene,Skeat1900: 160
  • On which ther was first write a crowned A,
  • Edition: current; Page: [6]
  • And after, Amor vincit omnia.
  • Another Nonne with hir hadde she, Nonne.
  • That was hir chapeleyne, and Preestes three. 3 Preestes.
  • A Monk ther was, a fair for the maistrye, Monk.
  • An out-rydere, that lovede venerye;Skeat1900: 166
  • A manly man, to been an abbot able.
  • Ful many a deyntee hors hadde he in stable:
  • And, whan he rood, men mighte his brydel here
  • Ginglen in a whistling wind as clere,Skeat1900: 170
  • And eek as loude as dooth the chapel-belle,
  • Ther as this lord was keper of the celle.
  • The reule of seint Maure or of seint Beneit,
  • By-cause that it was old and som-del streit,
  • This ilke monk leet olde thinges pace,Skeat1900: 175
  • And held after the newe world the space.
  • He yaf nat of that text a pulled hen,
  • That seith, that hunters been nat holy men;
  • Ne that a monk, whan he is cloisterlees,
  • Is lykned til a fish that is waterlees;Skeat1900: 180
  • This is to seyn, a monk out of his cloistre.
  • But thilke text held he nat worth an oistre;
  • And I seyde, his opinioun was good.
  • What sholde he studie, and make him-selven wood,
  • Upon a book in cloistre alwey to poure,Skeat1900: 185
  • Or swinken with his handes, and laboure,
  • As Austin bit? How shal the world be served?
  • Lat Austin have his swink to him reserved.
  • Therfore he was a pricasour aright;
  • Grehoundes he hadde, as swifte as fowel in flight;Skeat1900: 190
  • Of priking and of hunting for the hare
  • Was al his lust, for no cost wolde he spare.
  • I seigh his sleves purfiled at the hond
  • With grys, and that the fyneste of a lond;
  • And, for to festne his hood under his chin,Skeat1900: 195
  • Edition: current; Page: [7]
  • He hadde of gold y-wroght a curious pin:
  • A love-knotte in the gretter ende ther was.
  • His heed was balled, that shoon as any glas,
  • And eek his face, as he had been anoint.
  • He was a lord ful fat and in good point;Skeat1900: 200
  • His eyen stepe, and rollinge in his heed,
  • That stemed as a forneys of a leed;
  • His botes souple, his hors in greet estat.
  • Now certeinly he was a fair prelat;
  • He was nat pale as a for-pyned goost.Skeat1900: 205
  • A fat swan loved he best of any roost.
  • His palfrey was as broun as is a berye.
  • A Frere ther was, a wantown and a merye, Frere.
  • A limitour, a ful solempne man.
  • In alle the ordres foure is noon that canSkeat1900: 210
  • So muche of daliaunce and fair langage.
  • He hadde maad ful many a mariage
  • Of yonge wommen, at his owne cost.
  • Un-to his ordre he was a noble post.
  • Ful wel biloved and famulier was heSkeat1900: 215
  • With frankeleyns over-al in his contree,
  • And eek with worthy wommen of the toun:
  • For he had power of confessioun,
  • As seyde him-self, more than a curat,
  • For of his ordre he was licentiat.Skeat1900: 220
  • Ful swetely herde he confessioun,
  • And plesaunt was his absolucioun;
  • He was an esy man to yeve penaunce
  • Ther as he wiste to han a good pitaunce;
  • For unto a povre ordre for to yiveSkeat1900: 225
  • Is signe that a man is wel y-shrive.
  • For if he yaf, he dorste make avaunt,
  • He wiste that a man was repentaunt.
  • For many a man so hard is of his herte,
  • He may nat wepe al-thogh him sore smerte.Skeat1900: 230
  • Therfore, in stede of weping and preyeres,
  • Edition: current; Page: [8]
  • Men moot yeve silver to the povre freres.
  • His tipet was ay farsed ful of knyves
  • And pinnes, for to yeven faire wyves.
  • And certeinly he hadde a mery note;Skeat1900: 235
  • Wel coude he singe and pleyen on a rote.
  • Of yeddinges he bar utterly the prys.
  • His nekke whyt was as the flour-de-lys;
  • Ther-to he strong was as a champioun.
  • He knew the tavernes wel in every toun,Skeat1900: 240
  • And everich hostiler and tappestere
  • Bet than a lazar or a beggestere;
  • For un-to swich a worthy man as he
  • Acorded nat, as by his facultee,
  • To have with seke lazars aqueyntaunce.Skeat1900: 245
  • It is nat honest, it may nat avaunce
  • For to delen with no swich poraille,
  • But al with riche and sellers of vitaille.
  • And over-al, ther as profit sholde aryse,
  • Curteys he was, and lowly of servyse.Skeat1900: 250
  • Ther nas no man no-wher so vertuous.
  • He was the beste beggere in his hous;
  • [And yaf a certeyn ferme for the graunt;Skeat1900: 252 b
  • Noon of his bretheren cam ther in his haunt;]Skeat1900: 252 c
  • For thogh a widwe hadde noght a sho,
  • So plesaunt was his “In principio,”
  • Yet wolde he have a ferthing, er he wente.Skeat1900: 255
  • His purchas was wel bettre than his rente.
  • And rage he coude, as it were right a whelpe.
  • In love-dayes ther coude he muchel helpe.Skeat1900: (260)
  • For there he was nat lyk a cloisterer,
  • With a thredbar cope, as is a povre scoler,Skeat1900: 260
  • But he was lyk a maister or a pope.
  • Of double worsted was his semi-cope,
  • That rounded as a belle out of the presse.
  • Edition: current; Page: [9]
  • Somwhat he lipsed, for his wantownesse,
  • To make his English swete up-on his tonge;Skeat1900: 265
  • And in his harping, whan that he had songe,
  • His eyen twinkled in his heed aright,
  • As doon the sterres in the frosty night.Skeat1900: (270)
  • This worthy limitour was cleped Huberd.
  • A Marchant was ther with a forked berd, Marchant.
  • In mottelee, and hye on horse he sat,Skeat1900: 271
  • Up-on his heed a Flaundrish bever hat;
  • His botes clasped faire and fetisly.
  • His resons he spak ful solempnely,
  • Souninge alway thencrees of his winning.Skeat1900: 275
  • He wolde the see were kept for any thing
  • Bitwixe Middelburgh and Orewelle.
  • Wel coude he in eschaunge sheeldes selle.Skeat1900: (280)
  • This worthy man ful wel his wit bisette;
  • Ther wiste no wight that he was in dette,Skeat1900: 280
  • So estatly was he of his governaunce,
  • With his bargaynes, and with his chevisaunce.
  • For sothe he was a worthy man with-alle,
  • But sooth to seyn, I noot how men him calle.
  • A Clerk ther was of Oxenford also, Clerk.
  • That un-to logik hadde longe y-go.Skeat1900: 286
  • As lene was his hors as is a rake,
  • And he nas nat right fat, I undertake;Skeat1900: (290)
  • But loked holwe, and ther-to soberly.
  • Ful thredbar was his overest courtepy;Skeat1900: 290
  • For he had geten him yet no benefyce,
  • Ne was so worldly for to have offyce.
  • For him was lever have at his beddes heed
  • Twenty bokes, clad in blak or reed,
  • Of Aristotle and his philosophye,Skeat1900: 295
  • Than robes riche, or fithele, or gay sautrye.
  • But al be that he was a philosophre,
  • Yet hadde he but litel gold in cofre;Skeat1900: (300)
  • Edition: current; Page: [10]
  • But al that he mighte of his freendes hente,
  • On bokes and on lerninge he it spente,Skeat1900: 300
  • And bisily gan for the soules preye
  • Of hem that yaf him wher-with to scoleye.
  • Of studie took he most cure and most hede
  • Noght o word spak he more than was nede,
  • And that was seyd in forme and reverence,Skeat1900: 305
  • And short and quik, and ful of hy sentence.
  • Souninge in moral vertu was his speche,
  • And gladly wolde he lerne, and gladly teche.Skeat1900: (310)
  • A Sergeant of the Lawe, war and wys, Man of Lawe.
  • That often hadde been at the parvys,Skeat1900: 310
  • Ther was also, ful riche of excellence.
  • Discreet he was, and of greet reverence:
  • He semed swich, his wordes weren so wyse.
  • Iustyce he was ful often in assyse,
  • By patente, and by pleyn commissioun;Skeat1900: 315
  • For his science, and for his heigh renoun
  • Of fees and robes hadde he many oon.
  • So greet a purchasour was no-wher noon.Skeat1900: (320)
  • Al was fee simple to him in effect,
  • His purchasing mighte nat been infect.Skeat1900: 320
  • No-wher so bisy a man as he ther nas,
  • And yet he semed bisier than he was.
  • In termes hadde he caas and domes alle,
  • That from the tyme of king William were falle.
  • Therto he coude endyte, and make a thing,Skeat1900: 325
  • Ther coude no wight pinche at his wryting;
  • And every statut coude he pleyn by rote.
  • He rood but hoomly in a medlee coteSkeat1900: (330)
  • Girt with a ceint of silk, with barres smale;
  • Of his array telle I no lenger tale.Skeat1900: 330
  • A Frankeleyn was in his companye; Frankeleyn.
  • Whyt was his berd, as is the dayesye.
  • Of his complexioun he was sangwyn.
  • Wel loved he by the morwe a sop in wyn.
  • Edition: current; Page: [11]
  • To liven in delyt was ever his wone,Skeat1900: 335
  • For he was Epicurus owne sone,
  • That heeld opinioun, that pleyn delyt
  • Was verraily felicitee parfyt.Skeat1900: (340)
  • An housholdere, and that a greet, was he;
  • Seint Iulian he was in his contree.Skeat1900: 340
  • His breed, his ale, was alwey after oon;
  • A bettre envyned man was no-wher noon.
  • With-oute bake mete was never his hous,
  • Of fish and flesh, and that so plentevous,
  • It snewed in his hous of mete and drinke,Skeat1900: 345
  • Of alle deyntees that men coude thinke.
  • After the sondry sesons of the yeer,
  • So chaunged he his mete and his soper.Skeat1900: (350)
  • Ful many a fat partrich hadde he in mewe,
  • And many a breem and many a luce in stewe.
  • Wo was his cook, but-if his sauce were
  • Poynaunt and sharp, and redy al his gere.
  • His table dormant in his halle alway
  • Stood redy covered al the longe day.
  • At sessiouns ther was he lord and sire;Skeat1900: 355
  • Ful ofte tyme he was knight of the shire.
  • An anals and a gipser al of silk
  • Heng at his girdel, whyt as morne milk.Skeat1900: (360)
  • A shirreve hadde he been, and a countour;
  • Was no-wher such a worthy vavasour.Skeat1900: 360
  • An Haberdassher and a Carpenter, Haberdassher.
  • A Webbe, a Dyere, and a Tapicer, Carpenter.
  • Were with us eek, clothed in o liveree, Webbe.
  • Of a solempne and greet fraternitee. Dyere.
  • Ful fresh and newe hir gere apyked was;Skeat1900: 365 Tapicer.
  • Hir knyves were y-chaped noght with bras,
  • But al with silver, wroght ful clene and weel,
  • Hir girdles and hir pouches every-deel.Skeat1900: (370)
  • Edition: current; Page: [12]
  • Wel semed ech of hem a fair burgeys,
  • To sitten in a yeldhalle on a deys.Skeat1900: 370
  • Everich, for the wisdom that he can,
  • Was shaply for to been an alderman.
  • For catel hadde they y-nogh and rente,
  • And eek hir wyves wolde it wel assente;
  • And elles certein were they to blame.Skeat1900: 375
  • It is ful fair to been y-clept “ma dame,”
  • And goon to vigilyës al bifore,
  • And have a mantel royalliche y-bore.Skeat1900: (380)
  • A Cook they hadde with hem for the nones, Cook.
  • To boille the chiknes with the mary-bones,Skeat1900: 380
  • And poudre-marchant tart, and galingale.
  • Wel coude he knowe a draughte of London ale.
  • He coude roste, and sethe, and broille, and frye,
  • Maken mortreux, and wel bake a pye.
  • But greet harm was it, as it thoughte me,Skeat1900: 385
  • That on his shine a mormal hadde he;
  • For blankmanger, that made he with the beste.Skeat1900: (389)
  • A Shipman was ther, woning fer by weste: Shipman.
  • For aught I woot, he was of Dertemouthe.
  • He rood up-on a rouncy, as he couthe,Skeat1900: 390
  • In a gowne of falding to the knee.
  • A daggere hanging on a laas hadde he
  • Aboute his nekke under his arm adoun.
  • The hote somer had maad his hewe al broun;
  • And, certeinly, he was a good felawe.Skeat1900: 395
  • Ful many a draughte of wyn had he y-drawe
  • From Burdeux-ward, whyl that the chapman sleep.
  • Of nyce conscience took he no keep.Skeat1900: (400)
  • If that he faught, and hadde the hyer hond,
  • By water he sente hem hoom to every lond.Skeat1900: 400
  • But of his craft to rekene wel his tydes,
  • His stremes and his daungers him bisydes,
  • His herberwe and his mone, his lodemenage,
  • Ther nas noon swich from Hulle to Cartage.
  • Edition: current; Page: [13]
  • Hardy he was, and wys to undertake;Skeat1900: 405
  • With many a tempest hadde his berd been shake.
  • He knew wel alle the havenes, as they were,
  • From Gootlond to the cape of Finistere,Skeat1900: (410)
  • And every cryke in Britayne and in Spayne;
  • His barge y-cleped was the Maudelayne.Skeat1900: 410
  • With us ther was a Doctour of Phisyk, Doctour.
  • In al this world ne was ther noon him lyk
  • To speke of phisik and of surgerye;
  • For he was grounded in astronomye.
  • He kepte his pacient a ful greet delSkeat1900: 415
  • In houres, by his magik naturel.
  • Wel coude he fortunen the ascendent
  • Of his images for his pacient.Skeat1900: (420)
  • He knew the cause of everich maladye,
  • Were it of hoot or cold, or moiste, or drye,Skeat1900: 420
  • And where engendred, and of what humour;
  • He was a verrey parfit practisour.
  • The cause y-knowe, and of his harm the rote,
  • Anon he yaf the seke man his bote.
  • Ful redy hadde he his apothecaries,Skeat1900: 425
  • To sende him drogges and his letuaries,
  • For ech of hem made other for to winne;
  • Hir frendschipe nas nat newe to biginne.Skeat1900: (430)
  • Wel knew he the olde Esculapius,
  • And Deiscorides, and eek Rufus,Skeat1900: 430
  • Old Ypocras, Haly, and Galien;
  • Serapion, Razis, and Avicen;
  • Averrois, Damascien, and Constantyn;
  • Bernard, and Gatesden, and Gilbertyn.
  • Of his diete mesurable was he,Skeat1900: 435
  • For it was of no superfluitee,
  • But of greet norissing and digestible.
  • His studie was but litel on the Bible.Skeat1900: (440)
  • In sangwin and in pers he clad was al,
  • Edition: current; Page: [14]
  • Lyned with taffata and with sendal;Skeat1900: 440
  • And yet he was but esy of dispence;
  • He kepte that he wan in pestilence.
  • For gold in phisik is a cordial,
  • Therfore he lovede gold in special.
  • A good Wyf was ther of bisyde Bathe, Wyf of Bathe.
  • But she was som-del deef, and that was scathe.Skeat1900: 446
  • Of clooth-making she hadde swiche an haunt,
  • She passed hem of Ypres and of Gaunt.Skeat1900: (450)
  • In al the parisshe wyf ne was ther noon
  • That to the offring bifore hir sholde goon;Skeat1900: 450
  • And if ther dide, certeyn, so wrooth was she,
  • That she was out of alle charitee.
  • Hir coverchiefs ful fyne were of ground;
  • I dorste swere they weyeden ten pound
  • That on a Sonday were upon hir heed.Skeat1900: 455
  • Hir hosen weren of fyn scarlet reed,
  • Ful streite y-teyd, and shoos ful moiste and newe.
  • Bold was hir face, and fair, and reed of hewe.Skeat1900: (460)
  • She was a worthy womman al hir lyve,
  • Housbondes at chirche-dore she hadde fyve,Skeat1900: 460
  • Withouten other companye in youthe;
  • But therof nedeth nat to speke as nouthe.
  • And thryes hadde she been at Ierusalem;
  • She hadde passed many a straunge streem;
  • At Rome she hadde been, and at Boloigne,Skeat1900: 465
  • In Galice at seint Iame, and at Coloigne.
  • She coude muche of wandring by the weye.
  • Gat-tothed was she, soothly for to seye.Skeat1900: (470)
  • Up-on an amblere esily she sat,
  • Y-wimpled wel, and on hir heed an hatSkeat1900: 470
  • As brood as is a bokeler or a targe;
  • A foot-mantel aboute hir hipes large,
  • And on hir feet a paire of spores sharpe.
  • In felawschip wel coude she laughe and carpe.
  • Of remedyes of love she knew per-chaunce,Skeat1900: 475
  • For she coude of that art the olde daunce.
  • Edition: current; Page: [15]
  • A good man was ther of religioun, Persoun.
  • And was a povre Persoun of a toun;Skeat1900: (480)
  • But riche he was of holy thought and werk.
  • He was also a lerned man, a clerk,Skeat1900: 480
  • That Cristes gospel trewely wolde preche;
  • His parisshens devoutly wolde he teche.
  • Benigne he was, and wonder diligent,
  • And in adversitee ful pacient;
  • And swich he was y-preved ofte sythes.Skeat1900: 485
  • Ful looth were him to cursen for his tythes,
  • But rather wolde he yeven, out of doute,
  • Un-to his povre parisshens abouteSkeat1900: (490)
  • Of his offring, and eek of his substaunce.
  • He coude in litel thing han suffisaunce.Skeat1900: 490
  • Wyd was his parisshe, and houses fer a-sonder,
  • But he ne lafte nat, for reyn ne thonder,
  • In siknes nor in meschief, to visyte
  • The ferreste in his parisshe, muche and lyte,
  • Up-on his feet, and in his hand a staf.Skeat1900: 495
  • This noble ensample to his sheep he yaf,
  • That first he wroghte, and afterward he taughte;
  • Out of the gospel he tho wordes caughte;Skeat1900: (500)
  • And this figure he added eek ther-to,
  • That if gold ruste, what shal iren do?Skeat1900: 500
  • For if a preest be foul, on whom we truste,
  • No wonder is a lewed man to ruste;
  • And shame it is, if a preest take keep,
  • A shiten shepherde and a clene sheep.
  • Wel oghte a preest ensample for to yive,Skeat1900: 505
  • By his clennesse, how that his sheep shold live.
  • He sette nat his benefice to hyre,
  • And leet his sheep encombred in the myre,Skeat1900: (510)
  • And ran to London, un-to sëynt Poules,
  • To seken him a chaunterie for soules,Skeat1900: 510
  • Or with a bretherhed to been withholde;
  • Edition: current; Page: [16]
  • But dwelte at hoom, and kepte wel his folde,
  • So that the wolf ne made it nat miscarie;
  • He was a shepherde and no mercenarie.
  • And though he holy were, and vertuous,Skeat1900: 515
  • He was to sinful man nat despitous,
  • Ne of his speche daungerous ne digne,
  • But in his teching discreet and benigne.Skeat1900: (520)
  • To drawen folk to heven by fairnesse
  • By good ensample, was his bisinesse:Skeat1900: 520
  • But it were any persone obstinat,
  • What-so he were, of heigh or lowe estat,
  • Him wolde he snibben sharply for the nones.
  • A bettre preest, I trowe that nowher noon is.
  • He wayted after no pompe and reverence,Skeat1900: 525
  • Ne maked him a spyced conscience,
  • But Cristes lore, and his apostles twelve,
  • He taughte, and first he folwed it him-selve.Skeat1900: (530)
  • With him ther was a Plowman, was his brother, Plowman.
  • That hadde y-lad of dong ful many a fother,Skeat1900: 530
  • A trewe swinker and a good was he,
  • Livinge in pees and parfit charitee.
  • God loved he best with al his hole herte
  • At alle tymes, thogh him gamed or smerte,
  • And thanne his neighebour right as him-selve.Skeat1900: 535
  • He wolde thresshe, and ther-to dyke and delve,
  • For Cristes sake, for every povre wight,
  • Withouten hyre, if it lay in his might.Skeat1900: (540)
  • His tythes payed he ful faire and wel,
  • Bothe of his propre swink and his catel.Skeat1900: 540
  • In a tabard he rood upon a mere.
  • Ther was also a Reve and a Millere,
  • A Somnour and a Pardoner also,
  • A Maunciple, and my-self; ther were namo.
  • The Miller was a stout carl, for the nones, Miller.
  • Edition: current; Page: [17]
  • Ful big he was of braun, and eek of bones;Skeat1900: 546
  • That proved wel, for over-al ther he cam,
  • At wrastling he wolde have alwey the ram.Skeat1900: (550)
  • He was short-sholdred, brood, a thikke knarre,
  • Ther nas no dore that he nolde heve of harre,Skeat1900: 550
  • Or breke it, at a renning, with his heed.
  • His berd as any sowe or fox was reed,
  • And ther-to brood, as though it were a spade.
  • Up-on the cop right of his nose he hade
  • A werte, and ther-on stood a tuft of heres,Skeat1900: 555
  • Reed as the bristles of a sowes eres;
  • His nose-thirles blake were and wyde.
  • A swerd and bokeler bar he by his syde;Skeat1900: (560)
  • His mouth as greet was as a greet forneys.
  • He was a Ianglere and a goliardeys,Skeat1900: 560
  • And that was most of sinne and harlotryes.
  • Wel coude he stelen corn, and tollen thryes;
  • And yet he hadde a thombe of gold, pardee.
  • A whyt cote and a blew hood wered he.
  • A baggepype wel coude he blowe and sowne,Skeat1900: 565
  • And ther-with-al he broghte us out of towne.
  • A gentil Maunciple was ther of a temple, Maunciple.
  • Of which achatours mighte take exempleSkeat1900: (570)
  • For to be wyse in bying of vitaille.
  • For whether that he payde, or took by taille,Skeat1900: 570
  • Algate he wayted so in his achat,
  • That he was ay biforn and in good stat.
  • Now is nat that of God a ful fair grace,
  • That swich a lewed mannes wit shal pace
  • The wisdom of an heep of lerned men?Skeat1900: 575
  • Of maistres hadde he mo than thryes ten,
  • That were of lawe expert and curious;
  • Of which ther were a doseyn in that hous,Skeat1900: (580)
  • Worthy to been stiwardes of rente and lond
  • Of any lord that is in Engelond,Skeat1900: 580
  • Edition: current; Page: [18]
  • To make him live by his propre good,
  • In honour dettelees, but he were wood,
  • Or live as scarsly as him list desire;
  • And able for to helpen al a shire
  • In any cas that mighte falle or happe;Skeat1900: 585
  • And yit this maunciple sette hir aller cappe.
  • The Reve was a sclendre colerik man, Reve.
  • His berd was shave as ny as ever he can.Skeat1900: (590)
  • His heer was by his eres round y-shorn.
  • His top was dokked lyk a preest biforn.Skeat1900: 590
  • Ful longe were his legges, and ful lene,
  • Y-lyk a staf, ther was no calf y-sene.
  • Wel coude he kepe a gerner and a binne;
  • Ther was noon auditour coude on him winne.
  • Wel wiste he, by the droghte, and by the reyn,Skeat1900: 595
  • The yelding of his seed, and of his greyn.
  • His lordes sheep, his neet, his dayerye,
  • His swyn, his hors, his stoor, and his pultrye,Skeat1900: (600)
  • Was hoolly in this reves governing,
  • And by his covenaunt yaf the rekening,Skeat1900: 600
  • Sin that his lord was twenty yeer of age;
  • Ther coude no man bringe him in arrerage.
  • Ther nas baillif, ne herde, ne other hyne,
  • That he ne knew his sleighte and his covyne;
  • They were adrad of him, as of the deeth.Skeat1900: 605
  • His woning was ful fair up-on an heeth,
  • With grene trees shadwed was his place.
  • He coude bettre than his lord purchase.Skeat1900: (610)
  • Ful riche he was astored prively,
  • His lord wel coude he plesen subtilly,Skeat1900: 610
  • To yeve and lene him of his owne good,
  • And have a thank, and yet a cote and hood.
  • In youthe he lerned hadde a good mister;
  • Edition: current; Page: [19]
  • He was a wel good wrighte, a carpenter.
  • This reve sat up-on a ful good stot,Skeat1900: 615
  • That was al pomely grey, and highte Scot.
  • A long surcote of pers up-on he hade,
  • And by his syde he bar a rusty blade.Skeat1900: (620)
  • Of Northfolk was this reve, of which I telle,
  • Bisyde a toun men clepen Baldeswelle.Skeat1900: 620
  • Tukked he was, as is a frere, aboute,
  • And ever he rood the hindreste of our route.
  • A Somnour was ther with us in that place, Somnour.
  • That hadde a fyr-reed cherubinnes face,
  • For sawcefleem he was, with eyen narwe.Skeat1900: 625
  • As hoot he was, and lecherous, as a sparwe;
  • With scalled browes blake, and piled berd;
  • Of his visage children were aferd.Skeat1900: (630)
  • Ther nas quik-silver, litarge, ne brimstoon,
  • Boras, ceruce, ne oille of tartre noon,Skeat1900: 630
  • Ne oynement that wolde clense and byte,
  • That him mighte helpen of his whelkes whyte,
  • Nor of the knobbes sittinge on his chekes.
  • Wel loved he garleek, oynons, and eek lekes,
  • And for to drinken strong wyn, reed as blood.Skeat1900: 635
  • Thanne wolde he speke, and crye as he were wood.
  • And whan that he wel dronken hadde the wyn,
  • Than wolde he speke no word but Latyn.Skeat1900: (640)
  • A fewe termes hadde he, two or three,
  • That he had lerned out of som decree;Skeat1900: 640
  • No wonder is, he herde it al the day;
  • And eek ye knowen wel, how that a Iay
  • Can clepen ‘Watte,’ as well as can the pope.
  • But who-so coude in other thing him grope,
  • Thanne hadde he spent al his philosophye;Skeat1900: 645
  • Ay ‘Questio quid iuris’ wolde he crye.
  • He was a gentil harlot and a kinde;
  • A bettre felawe sholde men noght finde.Skeat1900: (650)
  • He wolde suffre, for a quart of wyn,
  • A good felawe to have his concubynSkeat1900: 650
  • Edition: current; Page: [20]
  • A twelf-month, and excuse him atte fulle:
  • Ful prively a finch eek coude he pulle.
  • And if he fond o-wher a good felawe,
  • He wolde techen him to have non awe,
  • In swich cas, of the erchedeknes curs,Skeat1900: 655
  • But-if a mannes soule were in his purs;
  • For in his purs he sholde y-punisshed be.
  • ‘Purs is the erchedeknes helle,’ seyde he.Skeat1900: (660)
  • But wel I woot he lyed right in dede;
  • Of cursing oghte ech gilty man him drede—Skeat1900: 660
  • For curs wol slee, right as assoilling saveth—
  • And also war him of a significavit.
  • In daunger hadde he at his owne gyse
  • The yonge girles of the diocyse,
  • And knew hir counseil, and was al hir reed.Skeat1900: 665
  • A gerland hadde he set up-on his heed,
  • As greet as it were for an ale-stake;
  • A bokeler hadde he maad him of a cake.Skeat1900: (670)
  • With him ther rood a gentil Pardoner Pardoner.
  • Of Rouncival, his freend and his compeer,Skeat1900: 670
  • That streight was comen fro the court of Rome.
  • Ful loude he song, ‘Com hider, love, to me.’
  • This somnour bar to him a stif burdoun,
  • Was never trompe of half so greet a soun.
  • This pardoner hadde heer as yelow as wex,Skeat1900: 675
  • But smothe it heng, as dooth a strike of flex;
  • By ounces henge his lokkes that he hadde,
  • And ther-with he his shuldres overspradde;Skeat1900: (680)
  • But thinne it lay, by colpons oon and oon;
  • But hood, for Iolitee, ne wered he noon,Skeat1900: 680
  • For it was trussed up in his walet.
  • Him thoughte, he rood al of the newe Iet;
  • Dischevele, save his cappe, he rood al bare.
  • Swiche glaringe eyen hadde he as an hare.
  • A vernicle hadde he sowed on his cappe.Skeat1900: 685
  • Edition: current; Page: [21]
  • His walet lay biforn him in his lappe,
  • Bret-ful of pardoun come from Rome al hoot.
  • A voys he hadde as smal as hath a goot.Skeat1900: (690)
  • No berd hadde he, ne never sholde have,
  • As smothe it was as it were late y-shave;Skeat1900: 690
  • I trowe he were a gelding or a mare.
  • But of his craft, fro Berwik into Ware,
  • Ne was ther swich another pardoner.
  • For in his male he hadde a pilwe-beer,
  • Which that, he seyde, was our lady veyl:Skeat1900: 695
  • He seyde, he hadde a gobet of the seyl
  • That sëynt Peter hadde, whan that he wente
  • Up-on the see, til Iesu Crist him hente.Skeat1900: (700)
  • He hadde a croys of latoun, ful of stones,
  • And in a glas he hadde pigges bones.Skeat1900: 700
  • But with thise relikes, whan that he fond
  • A povre person dwelling up-on lond,
  • Up-on a day he gat him more moneye
  • Than that the person gat in monthes tweye.
  • And thus, with feyned flaterye and Iapes,Skeat1900: 705
  • He made the person and the peple his apes.
  • But trewely to tellen, atte laste,
  • He was in chirche a noble ecclesiaste.Skeat1900: (710)
  • Wel coude he rede a lessoun or a storie,
  • But alderbest he song an offertorie;Skeat1900: 710
  • For wel he wiste, whan that song was songe,
  • He moste preche, and wel affyle his tonge,
  • To winne silver, as he ful wel coude;
  • Therefore he song so meriely and loude.
  • Now have I told you shortly, in a clause,Skeat1900: 715
  • Thestat, tharray, the nombre, and eek the cause
  • Why that assembled was this companye
  • In Southwerk, at this gentil hostelrye,Skeat1900: (720)
  • That highte the Tabard, faste by the Belle.
  • But now is tyme to yow for to telleSkeat1900: 720
  • Edition: current; Page: [22]
  • How that we baren us that ilke night,
  • Whan we were in that hostelrye alight.
  • And after wol I telle of our viage,
  • And al the remenaunt of our pilgrimage.
  • But first I pray yow, of your curteisye,Skeat1900: 725
  • That ye narette it nat my vileinye,
  • Thogh that I pleynly speke in this matere,
  • To telle yow hir wordes and hir chere;Skeat1900: (730)
  • Ne thogh I speke hir wordes properly.
  • For this ye knowen al-so wel as I,Skeat1900: 730
  • Who-so shal telle a tale after a man,
  • He moot reherce, as ny as ever he can,
  • Everich a word, if it be in his charge,
  • Al speke he never so rudeliche and large;
  • Or elles he moot telle his tale untrewe,Skeat1900: 735
  • Or feyne thing, or finde wordes newe.
  • He may nat spare, al-thogh he were his brother;
  • He moot as wel seye o word as another.Skeat1900: (740)
  • Crist spak him-self ful brode in holy writ,
  • And wel ye woot, no vileinye is it.Skeat1900: 740
  • Eek Plato seith, who-so that can him rede,
  • The wordes mote be cosin to the dede.
  • Also I prey yow to foryeve it me,
  • Al have I nat set folk in hir degree
  • Here in this tale, as that they sholde stonde;Skeat1900: 745
  • My wit is short, ye may wel understonde.
  • Greet chere made our hoste us everichon,
  • And to the soper sette he us anon;Skeat1900: (750)
  • And served us with vitaille at the beste.
  • Strong was the wyn, and wel to drinke us leste.Skeat1900: 750
  • A semely man our hoste was with-alle
  • For to han been a marshal in an halle;
  • A large man he was with eyen stepe,
  • A fairer burgeys is ther noon in Chepe:
  • Bold of his speche, and wys, and wel y-taught,Skeat1900: 755
  • And of manhod him lakkede right naught.
  • Edition: current; Page: [23]
  • Eek therto he was right a mery man,
  • And after soper pleyen he bigan,Skeat1900: (760)
  • And spak of mirthe amonges othere thinges,
  • Whan that we hadde maad our rekeninges;Skeat1900: 760
  • And seyde thus: ‘Now, lordinges, trewely,
  • Ye been to me right welcome hertely:
  • For by my trouthe, if that I shal nat lye,
  • I ne saugh this yeer so mery a companye
  • At ones in this herberwe as is now.Skeat1900: 765
  • Fayn wolde I doon yow mirthe, wiste I how.
  • And of a mirthe I am right now bithoght,
  • To doon yow ese, and it shal coste noght.Skeat1900: (770)
  • Ye goon to Caunterbury; God yow spede,
  • The blisful martir quyte yow your mede.Skeat1900: 770
  • And wel I woot, as ye goon by the weye,
  • Ye shapen yow to talen and to pleye;
  • For trewely, confort ne mirthe is noon
  • To ryde by the weye doumb as a stoon;
  • And therfore wol I maken yow disport,Skeat1900: 775
  • As I seyde erst, and doon yow som confort.
  • And if yow lyketh alle, by oon assent,
  • Now for to stonden at my Iugement,Skeat1900: (780)
  • And for to werken as I shal yow seye,
  • To-morwe, whan ye ryden by the weye,Skeat1900: 780
  • Now, by my fader soule, that is deed,
  • But ye be merye, I wol yeve yow myn heed.
  • Hold up your hond, withouten more speche.’
  • Our counseil was nat longe for to seche;
  • Us thoughte it was noght worth to make it wys,Skeat1900: 785
  • And graunted him withouten more avys,
  • And bad him seye his verdit, as him leste.
  • ‘Lordinges,’ quod he, ‘now herkneth for the beste;Skeat1900: (790)
  • But tak it not, I prey yow, in desdeyn;
  • This is the poynt, to speken short and pleyn,Skeat1900: 790
  • That ech of yow, to shorte with your weye,
  • Edition: current; Page: [24]
  • In this viage, shal telle tales tweye,
  • To Caunterbury-ward, I mene it so,
  • And hom-ward he shal tellen othere two,
  • Of aventures that whylom han bifalle.Skeat1900: 795
  • And which of yow that bereth him best of alle,
  • That is to seyn, that telleth in this cas
  • Tales of best sentence and most solas,Skeat1900: (800)
  • Shal have a soper at our aller cost
  • Here in this place, sitting by this post,Skeat1900: 800
  • Whan that we come agayn fro Caunterbury.
  • And for to make yow the more mery,
  • I wol my-selven gladly with yow ryde,
  • Right at myn owne cost, and be your gyde.
  • And who-so wol my Iugement withseyeSkeat1900: 805
  • Shal paye al that we spenden by the weye.
  • And if ye vouche-sauf that it be so,
  • Tel me anon, with-outen wordes mo,Skeat1900: (810)
  • And I wol erly shape me therfore.’
  • This thing was graunted, and our othes sworeSkeat1900: 810
  • With ful glad herte, and preyden him also
  • That he wold vouche-sauf for to do so,
  • And that he wolde been our governour,
  • And of our tales Iuge and reportour,
  • And sette a soper at a certeyn prys;Skeat1900: 815
  • And we wold reuled been at his devys,
  • In heigh and lowe; and thus, by oon assent,
  • We been acorded to his Iugement.Skeat1900: (820)
  • And ther-up-on the wyn was fet anon;
  • We dronken, and to reste wente echon,Skeat1900: 820
  • With-outen any lenger taryinge.
  • A-morwe, whan that day bigan to springe,
  • Up roos our host, and was our aller cok,
  • And gadrede us togidre, alle in a flok,
  • And forth we riden, a litel more than pas,Skeat1900: 825
  • Edition: current; Page: [25]
  • Un-to the watering of seint Thomas.
  • And there our host bigan his hors areste,
  • And seyde; ‘Lordinges, herkneth, if yow leste.Skeat1900: (830)
  • Ye woot your forward, and I it yow recorde.
  • If even-song and morwe-song acorde,Skeat1900: 830
  • Lat se now who shal telle the firste tale.
  • As ever mote I drinke wyn or ale,
  • Who-so be rebel to my Iugement
  • Shal paye for al that by the weye is spent.
  • Now draweth cut, er that we ferrer twinne;Skeat1900: 835
  • He which that hath the shortest shal biginne.
  • Sire knight,’ quod he, ‘my maister and my lord,
  • Now draweth cut, for that is myn acord.Skeat1900: (840)
  • Cometh neer,’ quod he, ‘my lady prioresse;
  • And ye, sir clerk, lat be your shamfastnesse,Skeat1900: 840
  • Ne studieth noght; ley hond to, every man.’
  • Anon to drawen every wight bigan,
  • And shortly for to tellen, as it was,
  • Were it by aventure, or sort, or cas,
  • The sothe is this, the cut fil to the knight,Skeat1900: 845
  • Of which ful blythe and glad was every wight;
  • And telle he moste his tale, as was resoun,
  • By forward and by composicioun,Skeat1900: (850)
  • As ye han herd; what nedeth wordes mo?
  • And whan this gode man saugh it was so,Skeat1900: 850
  • As he that wys was and obedient
  • To kepe his forward by his free assent,
  • He seyde: ‘Sin I shal biginne the game,
  • What, welcome be the cut, a Goddes name!
  • Now lat us ryde, and herkneth what I seye.’Skeat1900: 855
  • And with that word we riden forth our weye;
  • And he bigan with right a mery chere
  • His tale anon, and seyde in this manere.Skeat1900: (860)

Here endeth the prolog of this book; and here biginneth the first tale, which is the Knightes Tale.

Edition: current; Page: [26]

THE KNIGHTES TALE.

Iamque domos patrias, Scithice post aspera gentis Prelia, laurigero, &c.

[Statius, Theb. xii. 519.]
  • WHYLOM, as olde stories tellen us,
  • Ther was a duk that highte Theseus;Skeat1900: 860
  • Of Athenes he was lord and governour,
  • And in his tyme swich a conquerour,
  • That gretter was ther noon under the sonne.
  • Ful many a riche contree hadde he wonne;
  • What with his wisdom and his chivalrye,Skeat1900: 865
  • He conquered al the regne of Femenye,
  • That whylom was y-cleped Scithia;
  • And weddede the quene Ipolita,Skeat1900: (10)
  • And broghte hir hoom with him in his contree
  • With muchel glorie and greet solempnitee,Skeat1900: 870
  • And eek hir yonge suster Emelye.
  • And thus with victorie and with melodye
  • Lete I this noble duk to Athenes ryde,
  • And al his hoost, in armes, him bisyde.
  • And certes, if it nere to long to here,Skeat1900: 875
  • I wolde han told yow fully the manere,
  • How wonnen was the regne of Femenye
  • By Theseus, and by his chivalrye;Skeat1900: (20)
  • And of the grete bataille for the nones
  • Bitwixen Athenës and Amazones;Skeat1900: 880
  • And how asseged was Ipolita,
  • The faire hardy quene of Scithia;
  • And of the feste that was at hir weddinge,
  • Edition: current; Page: [27]
  • And of the tempest at hir hoom-cominge;
  • But al that thing I moot as now forbere.Skeat1900: 885
  • I have, God woot, a large feeld to ere,
  • And wayke been the oxen in my plough.
  • The remenant of the tale is long y-nough.Skeat1900: (30)
  • I wol nat letten eek noon of this route;
  • Lat every felawe telle his tale aboute,Skeat1900: 890
  • And lat see now who shal the soper winne;
  • And ther I lefte, I wol ageyn biginne.
  • This duk, of whom I make mencioun,
  • When he was come almost unto the toun,
  • In al his wele and in his moste pryde,Skeat1900: 895
  • He was war, as he caste his eye asyde,
  • Wher that ther kneled in the hye weye
  • A companye of ladies, tweye and tweye,Skeat1900: (40)
  • Ech after other, clad in clothes blake;
  • But swich a cry and swich a wo they make,Skeat1900: 900
  • That in this world nis creature livinge,
  • That herde swich another weymentinge;
  • And of this cry they nolde never stenten,
  • Til they the reynes of his brydel henten.
  • ‘What folk ben ye, that at myn hoom-comingeSkeat1900: 905
  • Perturben so my feste with cryinge?’
  • Quod Theseus, ‘have ye so greet envye
  • Of myn honour, that thus compleyne and crye?Skeat1900: (50)
  • Or who hath yow misboden, or offended?
  • And telleth me if it may been amended;Skeat1900: 910
  • And why that ye ben clothed thus in blak?’
  • The eldest lady of hem alle spak,
  • When she hadde swowned with a deedly chere,
  • That it was routhe for to seen and here,
  • And seyde: ‘Lord, to whom Fortune hath yivenSkeat1900: 915
  • Victorie, and as a conquerour to liven,
  • Noght greveth us your glorie and your honour;
  • But we biseken mercy and socour.Skeat1900: (60)
  • Have mercy on our wo and our distresse.
  • Edition: current; Page: [28]
  • Som drope of pitee, thurgh thy gentillesse,Skeat1900: 920
  • Up-on us wrecched wommen lat thou falle.
  • For certes, lord, ther nis noon of us alle,
  • That she nath been a duchesse or a quene;
  • Now be we caitifs, as it is wel sene:
  • Thanked be Fortune, and hir false wheel,Skeat1900: 925
  • That noon estat assureth to be weel.
  • And certes, lord, to abyden your presence,
  • Here in the temple of the goddesse ClemenceSkeat1900: (70)
  • We han ben waytinge al this fourtenight;
  • Now help us, lord, sith it is in thy might.Skeat1900: 930
  • I wrecche, which that wepe and waille thus,
  • Was whylom wyf to king Capaneus,
  • That starf at Thebes, cursed be that day!
  • And alle we, that been in this array,
  • And maken al this lamentacioun,Skeat1900: 935
  • We losten alle our housbondes at that toun,
  • Whyl that the sege ther-aboute lay.
  • And yet now the olde Creon, weylaway!Skeat1900: (80)
  • That lord is now of Thebes the citee,
  • Fulfild of ire and of iniquitee,Skeat1900: 940
  • He, for despyt, and for his tirannye,
  • To do the dede bodyes vileinye,
  • Of alle our lordes, whiche that ben slawe,
  • Hath alle the bodyes on an heep y-drawe,
  • And wol nat suffren hem, by noon assent,Skeat1900: 945
  • Neither to been y-buried nor y-brent,
  • But maketh houndes ete hem in despyt.’
  • And with that word, with-outen more respyt,Skeat1900: (90)
  • They fillen gruf, and cryden pitously,
  • ‘Have on us wrecched wommen som mercy,Skeat1900: 950
  • And lat our sorwe sinken in thyn herte.’
  • This gentil duk doun from his courser sterte
  • With herte pitous, whan he herde hem speke.
  • Him thoughte that his herte wolde breke,
  • Whan he saugh hem so pitous and so mat,Skeat1900: 955
  • Edition: current; Page: [29]
  • That whylom weren of so greet estat.
  • And in his armes he hem alle up hente,
  • And hem conforteth in ful good entente;Skeat1900: (100)
  • And swoor his ooth, as he was trewe knight,
  • He wolde doon so ferforthly his mightSkeat1900: 960
  • Up-on the tyraunt Creon hem to wreke,
  • That al the peple of Grece sholde speke
  • How Creon was of Theseus y-served,
  • As he that hadde his deeth ful wel deserved.
  • And right anoon, with-outen more abood,Skeat1900: 965
  • His baner he desplayeth, and forth rood
  • To Thebes-ward, and al his host bisyde;
  • No neer Athenës wolde he go ne ryde,Skeat1900: (110)
  • Ne take his ese fully half a day,
  • But onward on his wey that night he lay;Skeat1900: 970
  • And sente anoon Ipolita the quene,
  • And Emelye hir yonge suster shene,
  • Un-to the toun of Athenës to dwelle;
  • And forth he rit; ther nis namore to telle.
  • The rede statue of Mars, with spere and targe,Skeat1900: 975
  • So shyneth in his whyte baner large,
  • That alle the feeldes gliteren up and doun;
  • And by his baner born is his penounSkeat1900: (120)
  • Of gold ful riche, in which ther was y-bete
  • The Minotaur, which that he slough in Crete.Skeat1900: 980
  • Thus rit this duk, thus rit this conquerour,
  • And in his host of chivalrye the flour,
  • Til that he cam to Thebes, and alighte
  • Faire in a feeld, ther as he thoghte fighte.
  • But shortly for to speken of this thing,Skeat1900: 985
  • With Creon, which that was of Thebes king,
  • He faught, and slough him manly as a knight
  • In pleyn bataille, and putte the folk to flight;Skeat1900: (130)
  • And by assaut he wan the citee after,
  • And rente adoun bothe wal, and sparre, and rafter;Skeat1900: 990
  • And to the ladyes he restored agayn
  • The bones of hir housbondes that were slayn,
  • To doon obsequies, as was tho the gyse.
  • Edition: current; Page: [30]
  • But it were al to long for to devyse
  • The grete clamour and the waymentingeSkeat1900: 995
  • That the ladyes made at the brenninge
  • Of the bodyes, and the grete honour
  • That Theseus, the noble conquerour,Skeat1900: (140)
  • Doth to the ladyes, whan they from him wente;
  • But shortly for to telle is myn entente.Skeat1900: 1000
  • Whan that this worthy duk, this Theseus,
  • Hath Creon slayn, and wonne Thebes thus,
  • Stille in that feeld he took al night his reste,
  • And dide with al the contree as him leste.
  • To ransake in the tas of bodyes dede,Skeat1900: 1005
  • Hem for to strepe of harneys and of wede,
  • The pilours diden bisinesse and cure,
  • After the bataille and disconfiture.Skeat1900: (150)
  • And so bifel, that in the tas they founde,
  • Thurgh-girt with many a grevous blody wounde,Skeat1900: 1010
  • Two yonge knightes ligging by and by,
  • Bothe in oon armes, wroght ful richely,
  • Of whiche two, Arcita hight that oon,
  • And that other knight hight Palamon.
  • Nat fully quike, ne fully dede they were,Skeat1900: 1015
  • But by hir cote-armures, and by hir gere,
  • The heraudes knewe hem best in special,
  • As they that weren of the blood royalSkeat1900: (160)
  • Of Thebes, and of sustren two y-born.
  • Out of the tas the pilours han hem torn,Skeat1900: 1020
  • And han hem caried softe un-to the tente
  • Of Theseus, and he ful sone hem sente
  • To Athenës, to dwellen in prisoun
  • Perpetuelly, he nolde no raunsoun.
  • And whan this worthy duk hath thus y-don,Skeat1900: 1025
  • He took his host, and hoom he rood anon
  • With laurer crowned as a conquerour;
  • And there he liveth, in Ioye and in honour,Skeat1900: (170)
  • Terme of his lyf; what nedeth wordes mo?
  • Edition: current; Page: [31]
  • And in a tour, in angwish and in wo,Skeat1900: 1030
  • Dwellen this Palamoun and eek Arcite,
  • For evermore, ther may no gold hem quyte.
  • This passeth yeer by yeer, and day by day,
  • Til it fil ones, in a morwe of May,
  • That Emelye, that fairer was to seneSkeat1900: 1035
  • Than is the lilie upon his stalke grene,
  • And fressher than the May with floures newe—
  • For with the rose colour stroof hir hewe,Skeat1900: (180)
  • I noot which was the fairer of hem two—
  • Er it were day, as was hir wone to do,Skeat1900: 1040
  • She was arisen, and al redy dight;
  • For May wol have no slogardye a-night.
  • The sesoun priketh every gentil herte,
  • And maketh him out of his sleep to sterte,
  • And seith, ‘Arys, and do thyn observaunce.’Skeat1900: 1045
  • This maked Emelye have remembraunce
  • To doon honour to May, and for to ryse.
  • Y-clothed was she fresh, for to devyse;Skeat1900: (190)
  • Hir yelow heer was broyded in a tresse,
  • Bihinde hir bak, a yerde long, I gesse.Skeat1900: 1050
  • And in the gardin, at the sonne up-riste,
  • She walketh up and doun, and as hir liste
  • She gadereth floures, party whyte and rede,
  • To make a sotil gerland for hir hede,
  • And as an aungel hevenly she song.Skeat1900: 1055
  • The grete tour, that was so thikke and strong,
  • Which of the castel was the chief dongeoun,
  • (Ther-as the knightes weren in prisoun,Skeat1900: (200)
  • Of whiche I tolde yow, and tellen shal)
  • Was evene Ioynant to the gardin-wal,Skeat1900: 1060
  • Ther as this Emelye hadde hir pleyinge.
  • Bright was the sonne, and cleer that morweninge,
  • And Palamon, this woful prisoner,
  • As was his wone, by leve of his gayler,
  • Edition: current; Page: [32]
  • Was risen, and romed in a chambre on heigh,Skeat1900: 1065
  • In which he al the noble citee seigh,
  • And eek the gardin, ful of braunches grene,
  • Ther-as this fresshe Emelye the sheneSkeat1900: (210)
  • Was in hir walk, and romed up and doun.
  • This sorweful prisoner, this Palamoun,Skeat1900: 1070
  • Goth in the chambre, roming to and fro,
  • And to him-self compleyning of his wo;
  • That he was born, ful ofte he seyde, ‘alas!’
  • And so bifel, by aventure or cas,
  • That thurgh a window, thikke of many a barreSkeat1900: 1075
  • Of yren greet, and square as any sparre,
  • He caste his eye upon Emelya,
  • And ther-with-al he bleynte, and cryde ‘a!’Skeat1900: (220)
  • As though he stongen were un-to the herte.
  • And with that cry Arcite anon up-sterte,Skeat1900: 1080
  • And seyde, ‘Cosin myn, what eyleth thee,
  • That art so pale and deedly on to see?
  • Why crydestow? who hath thee doon offence?
  • For Goddes love, tak al in pacience
  • Our prisoun, for it may non other be;Skeat1900: 1085
  • Fortune hath yeven us this adversitee.
  • Som wikke aspect or disposicioun
  • Of Saturne, by sum constellacioun,Skeat1900: (230)
  • Hath yeven us this, al-though we hadde it sworn;
  • So stood the heven whan that we were born;Skeat1900: 1090
  • We moste endure it: this is the short and pleyn.’
  • This Palamon answerde, and seyde ageyn,
  • ‘Cosyn, for sothe, of this opinioun
  • Thou hast a veyn imaginacioun.
  • This prison caused me nat for to crye.Skeat1900: 1095
  • But I was hurt right now thurgh-out myn yë
  • In-to myn herte, that wol my bane be.
  • The fairnesse of that lady that I seeSkeat1900: (240)
  • Yond in the gardin romen to and fro,
  • Is cause of al my crying and my wo.Skeat1900: 1100
  • I noot wher she be womman or goddesse;
  • Edition: current; Page: [33]
  • But Venus is it, soothly, as I gesse.’
  • And ther-with-al on kneës doun he fil,
  • And seyde: ‘Venus, if it be thy wil
  • Yow in this gardin thus to transfigureSkeat1900: 1105
  • Bifore me, sorweful wrecche creature,
  • Out of this prisoun help that we may scapen.
  • And if so be my destinee be shapenSkeat1900: (250)
  • By eterne word to dyen in prisoun,
  • Of our linage have som compassioun,Skeat1900: 1110
  • That is so lowe y-broght by tirannye.’
  • And with that word Arcite gan espye
  • Wher-as this lady romed to and fro.
  • And with that sighte hir beautee hurte him so,
  • That, if that Palamon was wounded sore,Skeat1900: 1115
  • Arcite is hurt as muche as he, or more.
  • And with a sigh he seyde pitously:
  • ‘The fresshe beautee sleeth me sodeynlySkeat1900: (260)
  • Of hir that rometh in the yonder place;
  • And, but I have hir mercy and hir grace,Skeat1900: 1120
  • That I may seen hir atte leeste weye,
  • I nam but deed; ther nis namore to seye.’
  • This Palamon, whan he tho wordes herde,
  • Dispitously he loked, and answerde:
  • ‘Whether seistow this in ernest or in pley?’Skeat1900: 1125
  • ‘Nay,’ quod Arcite, ‘in ernest, by my fey!
  • God help me so, me list ful yvele pleye.’
  • This Palamon gan knitte his browes tweye:Skeat1900: (270)
  • ‘It nere,’ quod he, ‘to thee no greet honour
  • For to be fals, ne for to be traytourSkeat1900: 1130
  • To me, that am thy cosin and thy brother
  • Y-sworn ful depe, and ech of us til other,
  • That never, for to dyen in the peyne,
  • Til that the deeth departe shal us tweyne,
  • Neither of us in love to hindren other,Skeat1900: 1135
  • Ne in non other cas, my leve brother;
  • But that thou sholdest trewely forthren me
  • Edition: current; Page: [34]
  • In every cas, and I shal forthren thee.Skeat1900: (280)
  • This was thyn ooth, and myn also, certeyn;
  • I wot right wel, thou darst it nat withseyn.Skeat1900: 1140
  • Thus artow of my counseil, out of doute.
  • And now thou woldest falsly been aboute
  • To love my lady, whom I love and serve,
  • And ever shal, til that myn herte sterve.
  • Now certes, fals Arcite, thou shalt nat so.Skeat1900: 1145
  • I loved hir first, and tolde thee my wo
  • As to my counseil, and my brother sworn
  • To forthre me, as I have told biforn.Skeat1900: (290)
  • For which thou art y-bounden as a knight
  • To helpen me, if it lay in thy might,Skeat1900: 1150
  • Or elles artow fals, I dar wel seyn.’
  • This Arcitë ful proudly spak ageyn,
  • ‘Thou shalt,’ quod he, ‘be rather fals than I;
  • But thou art fals, I telle thee utterly;
  • For par amour I loved hir first er thow.Skeat1900: 1155
  • What wiltow seyn? thou wistest nat yet now
  • Whether she be a womman or goddesse!
  • Thyn is affeccioun of holinesse,Skeat1900: (300)
  • And myn is love, as to a creature;
  • For which I tolde thee myn aventureSkeat1900: 1160
  • As to my cosin, and my brother sworn.
  • I pose, that thou lovedest hir biforn;
  • Wostow nat wel the olde clerkes sawe,
  • That ‘who shal yeve a lover any lawe?’
  • Love is a gretter lawe, by my pan,Skeat1900: 1165
  • Than may be yeve to any erthly man.
  • And therefore positif lawe and swich decree
  • Is broke al-day for love, in ech degree.Skeat1900: (310)
  • A man moot nedes love, maugree his heed.
  • He may nat fleen it, thogh he sholde be deed,Skeat1900: 1170
  • Al be she mayde, or widwe, or elles wyf.
  • And eek it is nat lykly, al thy lyf,
  • Edition: current; Page: [35]
  • To stonden in hir grace; namore shal I;
  • For wel thou woost thy-selven, verraily,
  • That thou and I be dampned to prisounSkeat1900: 1175
  • Perpetuelly; us gayneth no raunsoun.
  • We stryve as dide the houndes for the boon,
  • They foughte al day, and yet hir part was noon;Skeat1900: (320)
  • Ther cam a kyte, whyl that they were wrothe,
  • And bar awey the boon bitwixe hem bothe.Skeat1900: 1180
  • And therfore, at the kinges court, my brother,
  • Ech man for him-self, ther is non other.
  • Love if thee list; for I love and ay shal;
  • And soothly, leve brother, this is al.
  • Here in this prisoun mote we endure,Skeat1900: 1185
  • And everich of us take his aventure.’
  • Greet was the stryf and long bitwixe hem tweye,
  • If that I hadde leyser for to seye;Skeat1900: (330)
  • But to theffect. It happed on a day,
  • (To telle it yow as shortly as I may)Skeat1900: 1190
  • A worthy duk that highte Perotheus,
  • That felawe was un-to duk Theseus
  • Sin thilke day that they were children lyte,
  • Was come to Athenes, his felawe to visyte,
  • And for to pleye, as he was wont to do,Skeat1900: 1195
  • For in this world he loved no man so:
  • And he loved him as tendrely ageyn.
  • So wel they loved, as olde bokes seyn,Skeat1900: (340)
  • That whan that oon was deed, sothly to telle,
  • His felawe wente and soghte him doun in helle;Skeat1900: 1200
  • But of that story list me nat to wryte.
  • Duk Perotheus loved wel Arcite,
  • And hadde him knowe at Thebes yeer by yere;
  • And fynally, at requeste and preyere
  • Of Perotheus, with-oute any raunsoun,Skeat1900: 1205
  • Duk Theseus him leet out of prisoun,
  • Freely to goon, wher that him liste over-al,
  • In swich a gyse, as I you tellen shal.Skeat1900: (350)
  • Edition: current; Page: [36]
  • This was the forward, pleynly for tendyte,
  • Bitwixen Theseus and him Arcite:Skeat1900: 1210
  • That if so were, that Arcite were y-founde
  • Ever in his lyf, by day or night or stounde
  • In any contree of this Theseus,
  • And he were caught, it was acorded thus,
  • That with a swerd he sholde lese his heed;Skeat1900: 1215
  • Ther nas non other remedye ne reed,
  • But taketh his leve, and homward he him spedde;
  • Let him be war, his nekke lyth to wedde!Skeat1900: (360)
  • How greet a sorwe suffreth now Arcite!
  • The deeth he feleth thurgh his herte smyte;Skeat1900: 1220
  • He wepeth, wayleth, cryeth pitously;
  • To sleen him-self he wayteth prively.
  • He seyde, ‘Allas that day that I was born!
  • Now is my prison worse than biforn;
  • Now is me shape eternally to dwelleSkeat1900: 1225
  • Noght in purgatorie, but in helle.
  • Allas! that ever knew I Perotheus!
  • For elles hadde I dwelled with TheseusSkeat1900: (370)
  • Y-fetered in his prisoun ever-mo.
  • Than hadde I been in blisse, and nat in wo.Skeat1900: 1230
  • Only the sighte of hir, whom that I serve,
  • Though that I never hir grace may deserve,
  • Wolde han suffised right y-nough for me.
  • O dere cosin Palamon,’ quod he,
  • ‘Thyn is the victorie of this aventure,Skeat1900: 1235
  • Ful blisfully in prison maistow dure;
  • In prison? certes nay, but in paradys!
  • Wel hath fortune y-turned thee the dys,Skeat1900: (380)
  • That hast the sighte of hir, and I thabsence.
  • For possible is, sin thou hast hir presence,Skeat1900: 1240
  • And art a knight, a worthy and an able,
  • That by som cas, sin fortune is chaungeable,
  • Thou mayst to thy desyr som-tyme atteyne.
  • But I, that am exyled, and bareyne
  • Of alle grace, and in so greet despeir,Skeat1900: 1245
  • Edition: current; Page: [37]
  • That ther nis erthe, water, fyr, ne eir,
  • Ne creature, that of hem maked is,
  • That may me helpe or doon confort in this.Skeat1900: (390)
  • Wel oughte I sterve in wanhope and distresse;
  • Farwel my lyf, my lust, and my gladnesse!Skeat1900: 1250
  • Allas, why pleynen folk so in commune
  • Of purveyaunce of God, or of fortune,
  • That yeveth hem ful ofte in many a gyse
  • Wel bettre than they can hem-self devyse?
  • Som man desyreth for to han richesse,Skeat1900: 1255
  • That cause is of his mordre or greet siknesse.
  • And som man wolde out of his prison fayn,
  • That in his hous is of his meynee slayn.Skeat1900: (400)
  • Infinite harmes been in this matere;
  • We witen nat what thing we preyen here.Skeat1900: 1260
  • We faren as he that dronke is as a mous;
  • A dronke man wot wel he hath an hous,
  • But he noot which the righte wey is thider;
  • And to a dronke man the wey is slider.
  • And certes, in this world so faren we;Skeat1900: 1265
  • We seken faste after felicitee,
  • But we goon wrong ful often, trewely.
  • Thus may we seyen alle, and namely I,Skeat1900: (410)
  • That wende and hadde a greet opinioun,
  • That, if I mighte escapen from prisoun,Skeat1900: 1270
  • Than hadde I been in Ioye and perfit hele,
  • Ther now I am exyled fro my wele.
  • Sin that I may nat seen yow, Emelye,
  • I nam but deed; ther nis no remedye.’
  • Up-on that other syde Palamon,Skeat1900: 1275
  • Whan that he wiste Arcite was agon,
  • Swich sorwe he maketh, that the grete tour
  • Resouneth of his youling and clamour.Skeat1900: (420)
  • The pure fettres on his shines grete
  • Weren of his bittre salte teres wete.Skeat1900: 1280
  • ‘Allas!’ quod he, ‘Arcita, cosin myn,
  • Edition: current; Page: [38]
  • Of al our stryf, God woot, the fruyt is thyn.
  • Thow walkest now in Thebes at thy large,
  • And of my wo thou yevest litel charge.
  • Thou mayst, sin thou hast wisdom and manhede,Skeat1900: 1285
  • Assemblen alle the folk of our kinrede,
  • And make a werre so sharp on this citee,
  • That by som aventure, or som tretee,Skeat1900: (430)
  • Thou mayst have hir to lady and to wyf,
  • For whom that I mot nedes lese my lyf.Skeat1900: 1290
  • For, as by wey of possibilitee,
  • Sith thou art at thy large, of prison free,
  • And art a lord, greet is thyn avauntage,
  • More than is myn, that sterve here in a cage.
  • For I mot wepe and wayle, whyl I live,Skeat1900: 1295
  • With al the wo that prison may me yive,
  • And eek with peyne that love me yiveth also,
  • That doubleth al my torment and my wo.’Skeat1900: (440)
  • Ther-with the fyr of Ielousye up-sterte
  • With-inne his brest, and hente him by the herteSkeat1900: 1300
  • So woodly, that he lyk was to biholde
  • The box-tree, or the asshen dede and colde.
  • Tho seyde he; ‘O cruel goddes, that governe
  • This world with binding of your word eterne,
  • And wryten in the table of athamauntSkeat1900: 1305
  • Your parlement, and your eterne graunt,
  • What is mankinde more un-to yow holde
  • Than is the sheep, that rouketh in the folde?Skeat1900: (450)
  • For slayn is man right as another beste,
  • And dwelleth eek in prison and areste,Skeat1900: 1310
  • And hath siknesse, and greet adversitee,
  • And ofte tymes giltelees, pardee!
  • What governaunce is in this prescience,
  • That giltelees tormenteth innocence?
  • And yet encreseth this al my penaunce,Skeat1900: 1315
  • Edition: current; Page: [39]
  • That man is bounden to his observaunce,
  • For Goddes sake, to letten of his wille,
  • Ther as a beest may al his lust fulfille.Skeat1900: (460)
  • And whan a beest is deed, he hath no peyne;
  • But man after his deeth moot wepe and pleyne,Skeat1900: 1320
  • Though in this world he have care and wo:
  • With-outen doute it may stonden so.
  • The answere of this I lete to divynis,
  • But wel I woot, that in this world gret pyne is.
  • Allas! I see a serpent or a theef,Skeat1900: 1325
  • That many a trewe man hath doon mescheef,
  • Goon at his large, and wher him list may turne.
  • But I mot been in prison thurgh Saturne,Skeat1900: (470)
  • And eek thurgh Iuno, Ialous and eek wood,
  • That hath destroyed wel ny al the bloodSkeat1900: 1330
  • Of Thebes, with his waste walles wyde.
  • And Venus sleeth me on that other syde
  • For Ielousye, and fere of him Arcite.’
  • Now wol I stinte of Palamon a lyte,
  • And lete him in his prison stille dwelle,Skeat1900: 1335
  • And of Arcita forth I wol yow telle.
  • The somer passeth, and the nightes longe
  • Encresen double wyse the peynes strongeSkeat1900: (480)
  • Bothe of the lovere and the prisoner.
  • I noot which hath the wofullere mester.Skeat1900: 1340
  • For shortly for to seyn, this Palamoun
  • Perpetuelly is dampned to prisoun,
  • In cheynes and in fettres to ben deed;
  • And Arcite is exyled upon his heed
  • For ever-mo as out of that contree,Skeat1900: 1345
  • Ne never-mo he shal his lady see.
  • Yow loveres axe I now this questioun,
  • Who hath the worse, Arcite or Palamoun?Skeat1900: (490)
  • That oon may seen his lady day by day,
  • But in prison he moot dwelle alway.Skeat1900: 1350
  • That other wher him list may ryde or go,
  • Edition: current; Page: [40]
  • But seen his lady shal he never-mo.
  • Now demeth as yow liste, ye that can,
  • For I wol telle forth as I bigan.

Explicit prima Pars. Sequitur pars secunda.

  • Whan that Arcite to Thebes comen was,Skeat1900: 1355
  • Ful ofte a day he swelte and seyde ‘allas,’
  • For seen his lady shal he never-mo.
  • And shortly to concluden al his wo,Skeat1900: (500)
  • So muche sorwe had never creature
  • That is, or shal, whyl that the world may dure.Skeat1900: 1360
  • His sleep, his mete, his drink is him biraft,
  • That lene he wex, and drye as is a shaft.
  • His eyen holwe, and grisly to biholde;
  • His hewe falwe, and pale as asshen colde,
  • And solitarie he was, and ever allone,Skeat1900: 1365
  • And wailling al the night, making his mone.
  • And if he herde song or instrument,
  • Then wolde he wepe, he mighte nat be stent;Skeat1900: (510)
  • So feble eek were his spirits, and so lowe,
  • And chaunged so, that no man coude knoweSkeat1900: 1370
  • His speche nor his vois, though men it herde.
  • And in his gere, for al the world he ferde
  • Nat oonly lyk the loveres maladye
  • Of Hereos, but rather lyk manye
  • Engendred of humour malencolyk,Skeat1900: 1375
  • Biforen, in his celle fantastyk.
  • And shortly, turned was al up-so-doun
  • Bothe habit and eek disposiciounSkeat1900: (520)
  • Of him, this woful lovere daun Arcite.
  • What sholde I al-day of his wo endyte?Skeat1900: 1380
  • Whan he endured hadde a yeer or two
  • This cruel torment, and this peyne and wo,
  • At Thebes, in his contree, as I seyde,
  • Up-on a night, in sleep as he him leyde,
  • Edition: current; Page: [41]
  • Him thoughte how that the winged god MercurieSkeat1900: 1385
  • Biforn him stood, and bad him to be murye.
  • His slepy yerde in hond he bar uprighte;
  • An hat he werede up-on his heres brighte.Skeat1900: (530)
  • Arrayed was this god (as he took keep)
  • As he was whan that Argus took his sleep;Skeat1900: 1390
  • And seyde him thus: ‘To Athenes shaltou wende;
  • Ther is thee shapen of thy wo an ende.’
  • And with that word Arcite wook and sterte.
  • ‘Now trewely, how sore that me smerte,’
  • Quod he, ‘to Athenes right now wol I fare;Skeat1900: 1395
  • Ne for the drede of deeth shal I nat spare
  • To see my lady, that I love and serve;
  • In hir presence I recche nat to sterve.’Skeat1900: (540)
  • And with that word he caughte a greet mirour,
  • And saugh that chaunged was al his colour,Skeat1900: 1400
  • And saugh his visage al in another kinde.
  • And right anoon it ran him in his minde,
  • That, sith his face was so disfigured
  • Of maladye, the which he hadde endured,
  • He mighte wel, if that he bar him lowe,Skeat1900: 1405
  • Live in Athenes ever-more unknowe,
  • And seen his lady wel ny day by day.
  • And right anon he chaunged his array,Skeat1900: (550)
  • And cladde him as a povre laborer,
  • And al allone, save oonly a squyer,Skeat1900: 1410
  • That knew his privetee and al his cas,
  • Which was disgysed povrely, as he was,
  • To Athenes is he goon the nexte way.
  • And to the court he wente up-on a day,
  • And at the gate he profreth his servyse,Skeat1900: 1415
  • To drugge and drawe, what so men wol devyse.
  • And shortly of this matere for to seyn,
  • He fil in office with a chamberleyn,Skeat1900: (560)
  • The which that dwelling was with Emelye.
  • For he was wys, and coude soon aspyeSkeat1900: 1420
  • Of every servaunt, which that serveth here.
  • Wel coude he hewen wode, and water bere,
  • Edition: current; Page: [42]
  • For he was yong and mighty for the nones,
  • And ther-to he was strong and big of bones
  • To doon that any wight can him devyse.Skeat1900: 1425
  • A yeer or two he was in this servyse,
  • Page of the chambre of Emelye the brighte;
  • And ‘Philostrate’ he seide that he highte.Skeat1900: (570)
  • But half so wel biloved a man as he
  • Ne was ther never in court, of his degree;Skeat1900: 1430
  • He was so gentil of condicioun,
  • That thurghout al the court was his renoun.
  • They seyden, that it were a charitee
  • That Theseus wolde enhauncen his degree,
  • And putten him in worshipful servyse,Skeat1900: 1435
  • Ther as he mighte his vertu excercyse.
  • And thus, with-inne a whyle, his name is spronge
  • Bothe of his dedes, and his goode tonge,Skeat1900: (580)
  • That Theseus hath taken him so neer
  • That of his chambre he made him a squyer,Skeat1900: 1440
  • And yaf him gold to mayntene his degree;
  • And eek men broghte him out of his contree
  • From yeer to yeer, ful prively, his rente;
  • But honestly and slyly he it spente,
  • That no man wondred how that he it hadde.Skeat1900: 1445
  • And three yeer in this wyse his lyf he ladde,
  • And bar him so in pees and eek in werre,
  • Ther nas no man that Theseus hath derre.Skeat1900: (590)
  • And in this blisse lete I now Arcite,
  • And speke I wol of Palamon a lyte.Skeat1900: 1450
  • In derknesse and horrible and strong prisoun
  • This seven yeer hath seten Palamoun,
  • Forpyned, what for wo and for distresse;
  • Who feleth double soor and hevinesse
  • But Palamon? that love destreyneth so,Skeat1900: 1455
  • That wood out of his wit he gooth for wo;
  • And eek therto he is a prisoner
  • Perpetuelly, noght oonly for a yeer.Skeat1900: (600)
  • Who coude ryme in English proprely
  • Edition: current; Page: [43]
  • His martirdom? for sothe, it am nat I;Skeat1900: 1460
  • Therefore I passe as lightly as I may.
  • It fel that in the seventhe yeer, in May,
  • The thridde night, (as olde bokes seyn,
  • That al this storie tellen more pleyn,)
  • Were it by aventure or destinee,Skeat1900: 1465
  • (As, whan a thing is shapen, it shal be,)
  • That, sone after the midnight, Palamoun,
  • By helping of a freend, brak his prisoun,Skeat1900: (610)
  • And fleeth the citee, faste as he may go;
  • For he had yive his gayler drinke soSkeat1900: 1470
  • Of a clarree, maad of a certeyn wyn,
  • With nercotikes and opie of Thebes fyn,
  • That al that night, thogh that men wolde him shake,
  • The gayler sleep, he mighte nat awake;
  • And thus he fleeth as faste as ever he may.Skeat1900: 1475
  • The night was short, and faste by the day,
  • That nedes-cost he moste him-selven hyde,
  • And til a grove, faste ther besyde,Skeat1900: (620)
  • With dredful foot than stalketh Palamoun.
  • For shortly, this was his opinioun,Skeat1900: 1480
  • That in that grove he wolde him hyde al day,
  • And in the night than wolde he take his way
  • To Thebes-ward, his freendes for to preye
  • On Theseus to helpe him to werreye;
  • And shortly, outher he wolde lese his lyf,Skeat1900: 1485
  • Or winnen Emelye un-to his wyf;
  • This is theffect and his entente pleyn.
  • Now wol I torne un-to Arcite ageyn,Skeat1900: (630)
  • That litel wiste how ny that was his care,
  • Til that fortune had broght him in the snare.Skeat1900: 1490
  • The bisy larke, messager of day,
  • Saluëth in hir song the morwe gray;
  • And fyry Phebus ryseth up so brighte,
  • That al the orient laugheth of the lighte,
  • And with his stremes dryeth in the grevesSkeat1900: 1495
  • Edition: current; Page: [44]
  • The silver dropes, hanging on the leves.
  • And Arcite, that is in the court royal
  • With Theseus, his squyer principal,Skeat1900: (640)
  • Is risen, and loketh on the myrie day.
  • And, for to doon his observaunce to May,Skeat1900: 1500
  • Remembering on the poynt of his desyr,
  • He on a courser, sterting as the fyr,
  • Is riden in-to the feeldes, him to pleye,
  • Out of the court, were it a myle or tweye;
  • And to the grove, of which that I yow tolde,Skeat1900: 1505
  • By aventure, his wey he gan to holde,
  • To maken him a gerland of the greves,
  • Were it of wodebinde or hawethorn-leves,Skeat1900: (650)
  • And loude he song ageyn the sonne shene:
  • ‘May, with alle thy floures and thy grene,Skeat1900: 1510
  • Wel-come be thou, faire fresshe May,
  • I hope that I som grene gete may.’
  • And from his courser, with a lusty herte,
  • In-to the grove ful hastily he sterte,
  • And in a path he rometh up and doun,Skeat1900: 1515
  • Ther-as, by aventure, this Palamoun
  • Was in a bush, that no man mighte him see,
  • For sore afered of his deeth was he.Skeat1900: (660)
  • No-thing ne knew he that it was Arcite:
  • God wot he wolde have trowed it ful lyte.Skeat1900: 1520
  • But sooth is seyd, gon sithen many yeres,
  • That ‘feeld hath eyen, and the wode hath eres.’
  • It is ful fair a man to bere him evene,
  • For al-day meteth men at unset stevene.
  • Ful litel woot Arcite of his felawe,Skeat1900: 1525
  • That was so ny to herknen al his sawe,
  • For in the bush he sitteth now ful stille.
  • Whan that Arcite had romed al his fille,Skeat1900: (670)
  • And songen al the roundel lustily,
  • In-to a studie he fil sodeynly,Skeat1900: 1530
  • Edition: current; Page: [45]
  • As doon thise loveres in hir queynte geres,
  • Now in the croppe, now doun in the breres,
  • Now up, now doun, as boket in a welle.
  • Right as the Friday, soothly for to telle,
  • Now it shyneth, now it reyneth faste,Skeat1900: 1535
  • Right so can gery Venus overcaste
  • The hertes of hir folk; right as hir day
  • Is gerful, right so chaungeth she array.Skeat1900: (680)
  • Selde is the Friday al the wyke y-lyke.
  • Whan that Arcite had songe, he gan to syke,Skeat1900: 1540
  • And sette him doun with-outen any more:
  • ‘Alas!’ quod he, ‘that day that I was bore!
  • How longe, Iuno, thurgh thy crueltee,
  • Woltow werreyen Thebes the citee?
  • Allas! y-broght is to confusiounSkeat1900: 1545
  • The blood royal of Cadme and Amphioun;
  • Of Cadmus, which that was the firste man
  • That Thebes bulte, or first the toun bigan,Skeat1900: (690)
  • And of the citee first was crouned king,
  • Of his linage am I, and his of-springSkeat1900: 1550
  • By verray ligne, as of the stok royal:
  • And now I am so caitif and so thral,
  • That he, that is my mortal enemy,
  • I serve him as his squyer povrely.
  • And yet doth Iuno me wel more shame,Skeat1900: 1555
  • For I dar noght biknowe myn owne name;
  • But ther-as I was wont to highte Arcite,
  • Now highte I Philostrate, noght worth a myte.Skeat1900: (700)
  • Allas! thou felle Mars, allas! Iuno,
  • Thus hath your ire our kinrede al fordo,Skeat1900: 1560
  • Save only me, and wrecched Palamoun,
  • That Theseus martyreth in prisoun.
  • And over al this, to sleen me utterly,
  • Love hath his fyry dart so brenningly
  • Y-stiked thurgh my trewe careful herte,Skeat1900: 1565
  • Edition: current; Page: [46]
  • That shapen was my deeth erst than my sherte.
  • Ye sleen me with your eyen, Emelye;
  • Ye been the cause wherfor that I dye.Skeat1900: (710)
  • Of al the remenant of myn other care
  • Ne sette I nat the mountaunce of a tare,Skeat1900: 1570
  • So that I coude don aught to your plesaunce!’
  • And with that word he fil doun in a traunce
  • A longe tyme; and after he up-sterte.
  • This Palamoun, that thoughte that thurgh his herte
  • He felte a cold swerd sodeynliche glyde,Skeat1900: 1575
  • For ire he quook, no lenger wolde he byde.
  • And whan that he had herd Arcites tale,
  • As he were wood, with face deed and pale,Skeat1900: (720)
  • He sterte him up out of the buskes thikke,
  • And seyde: ‘Arcite, false traitour wikke,Skeat1900: 1580
  • Now artow hent, that lovest my lady so,
  • For whom that I have al this peyne and wo,
  • And art my blood, and to my counseil sworn,
  • As I ful ofte have told thee heer-biforn,
  • And hast by-iaped here duk Theseus,Skeat1900: 1585
  • And falsly chaunged hast thy name thus;
  • I wol be deed, or elles thou shalt dye.
  • Thou shalt nat love my lady Emelye,Skeat1900: (730)
  • But I wol love hir only, and namo;
  • For I am Palamoun, thy mortal fo.Skeat1900: 1590
  • And though that I no wepne have in this place,
  • But out of prison am astert by grace,
  • I drede noght that outher thou shalt dye,
  • Or thou ne shalt nat loven Emelye.
  • Chees which thou wilt, for thou shalt nat asterte.’Skeat1900: 1595
  • This Arcite, with ful despitous herte,
  • Whan he him knew, and hadde his tale herd,
  • As fiers as leoun, pulled out a swerd,Skeat1900: (740)
  • And seyde thus: ‘by God that sit above,
  • Nere it that thou art sik, and wood for love,Skeat1900: 1600
  • Edition: current; Page: [47]
  • And eek that thou no wepne hast in this place,
  • Thou sholdest never out of this grove pace,
  • That thou ne sholdest dyen of myn hond.
  • For I defye the seurtee and the bond
  • Which that thou seyst that I have maad to thee.Skeat1900: 1605
  • What, verray fool, think wel that love is free,
  • And I wol love hir, maugre al thy might!
  • But, for as muche thou art a worthy knight,Skeat1900: (750)
  • And wilnest to darreyne hir by batayle,
  • Have heer my trouthe, to-morwe I wol nat fayle,Skeat1900: 1610
  • With-outen witing of any other wight,
  • That here I wol be founden as a knight,
  • And bringen harneys right y-nough for thee;
  • And chees the beste, and leve the worste for me.
  • And mete and drinke this night wol I bringeSkeat1900: 1615
  • Y-nough for thee, and clothes for thy beddinge.
  • And, if so be that thou my lady winne,
  • And slee me in this wode ther I am inne,Skeat1900: (760)
  • Thou mayst wel have thy lady, as for me.’
  • This Palamon answerde: ‘I graunte it thee.’Skeat1900: 1620
  • And thus they been departed til a-morwe,
  • When ech of hem had leyd his feith to borwe.
  • O Cupide, out of alle charitee!
  • O regne, that wolt no felawe have with thee!
  • Ful sooth is seyd, that love ne lordshipeSkeat1900: 1625
  • Wol noght, his thankes, have no felaweshipe;
  • Wel finden that Arcite and Palamoun.
  • Arcite is riden anon un-to the toun,Skeat1900: (770)
  • And on the morwe, er it were dayes light,
  • Ful prively two harneys hath he dight,Skeat1900: 1630
  • Bothe suffisaunt and mete to darreyne
  • The bataille in the feeld bitwix hem tweyne.
  • And on his hors, allone as he was born,
  • He carieth al this harneys him biforn;
  • And in the grove, at tyme and place y-set,Skeat1900: 1635
  • This Arcite and this Palamon ben met.
  • Tho chaungen gan the colour in hir face;
  • Edition: current; Page: [48]
  • Right as the hunter in the regne of Trace,Skeat1900: (780)
  • That stondeth at the gappe with a spere,
  • Whan hunted is the leoun or the bere,Skeat1900: 1640
  • And hereth him come russhing in the greves,
  • And breketh bothe bowes and the leves,
  • And thinketh, ‘heer cometh my mortel enemy,
  • With-oute faile, he moot be deed, or I;
  • For outher I mot sleen him at the gappe,Skeat1900: 1645
  • Or he mot sleen me, if that me mishappe:’
  • So ferden they, in chaunging of hir hewe,
  • As fer as everich of hem other knewe.Skeat1900: (790)
  • Ther nas no good day, ne no saluing;
  • But streight, with-outen word or rehersing,Skeat1900: 1650
  • Everich of hem halp for to armen other,
  • As freendly as he were his owne brother;
  • And after that, with sharpe speres stronge
  • They foynen ech at other wonder longe.
  • Thou mightest wene that this PalamounSkeat1900: 1655
  • In his fighting were a wood leoun,
  • And as a cruel tygre was Arcite:
  • As wilde bores gonne they to smyte,Skeat1900: (800)
  • That frothen whyte as foom for ire wood.
  • Up to the ancle foghte they in hir blood.Skeat1900: 1660
  • And in this wyse I lete hem fighting dwelle;
  • And forth I wol of Theseus yow telle.
  • The destinee, ministre general,
  • That executeth in the world over-al
  • The purveyaunce, that God hath seyn biforn,Skeat1900: 1665
  • So strong it is, that, though the world had sworn
  • The contrarie of a thing, by ye or nay,
  • Yet somtyme it shal fallen on a daySkeat1900: (810)
  • That falleth nat eft with-inne a thousand yere.
  • For certeinly, our appetytes here,Skeat1900: 1670
  • Be it of werre, or pees, or hate, or love,
  • Al is this reuled by the sighte above.
  • This mene I now by mighty Theseus,
  • Edition: current; Page: [49]
  • That for to honten is so desirous,
  • And namely at the grete hert in May,Skeat1900: 1675
  • That in his bed ther daweth him no day,
  • That he nis clad, and redy for to ryde
  • With hunte and horn, and houndes him bisyde.Skeat1900: (820)
  • For in his hunting hath he swich delyt,
  • That it is al his Ioye and appetytSkeat1900: 1680
  • To been him-self the grete hertes bane;
  • For after Mars he serveth now Diane.
  • Cleer was the day, as I have told er this,
  • And Theseus, with alle Ioye and blis,
  • With his Ipolita, the fayre quene,Skeat1900: 1685
  • And Emelye, clothed al in grene,
  • On hunting be they riden royally.
  • And to the grove, that stood ful faste by,Skeat1900: (830)
  • In which ther was an hert, as men him tolde,
  • Duk Theseus the streighte wey hath holde.Skeat1900: 1690
  • And to the launde he rydeth him ful right,
  • For thider was the hert wont have his flight,
  • And over a brook, and so forth on his weye.
  • This duk wol han a cours at him, or tweye,
  • With houndes, swiche as that him list comaunde.Skeat1900: 1695
  • And whan this duk was come un-to the launde,
  • Under the sonne he loketh, and anon
  • He was war of Arcite and Palamon,Skeat1900: (840)
  • That foughten breme, as it were bores two;
  • The brighte swerdes wenten to and froSkeat1900: 1700
  • So hidously, that with the leeste strook
  • It seemed as it wolde felle an ook;
  • But what they were, no-thing he ne woot.
  • This duk his courser with his spores smoot,
  • And at a stert he was bitwix hem two,Skeat1900: 1705
  • And pulled out a swerd and cryed, ‘ho!
  • Namore, up peyne of lesing of your heed.
  • By mighty Mars, he shal anon be deed,Skeat1900: (850)
  • That smyteth any strook, that I may seen!
  • But telleth me what mister men ye been,Skeat1900: 1710
  • Edition: current; Page: [50]
  • That been so hardy for to fighten here
  • With-outen Iuge or other officere,
  • As it were in a listes royally?’
  • This Palamon answerde hastily,
  • And seyde: ‘sire, what nedeth wordes mo?Skeat1900: 1715
  • We have the deeth deserved bothe two.
  • Two woful wrecches been we, two caytyves,
  • That been encombred of our owne lyves;Skeat1900: (860)
  • And as thou art a rightful lord and Iuge,
  • Ne yeve us neither mercy ne refuge,Skeat1900: 1720
  • But slee me first, for seynte charitee;
  • But slee my felawe eek as wel as me.
  • Or slee him first; for, though thou knowe it lyte,
  • This is thy mortal fo, this is Arcite,
  • That fro thy lond is banished on his heed,Skeat1900: 1725
  • For which he hath deserved to be deed.
  • For this is he that cam un-to thy gate,
  • And seyde, that he highte Philostrate.Skeat1900: (870)
  • Thus hath he Iaped thee ful many a yeer,
  • And thou has maked him thy chief squyer;Skeat1900: 1730
  • And this is he that loveth Emelye.
  • For sith the day is come that I shal dye,
  • I make pleynly my confessioun,
  • That I am thilke woful Palamoun,
  • That hath thy prison broken wikkedly.Skeat1900: 1735
  • I am thy mortal fo, and it am I
  • That loveth so hote Emelye the brighte,
  • That I wol dye present in hir sighte.Skeat1900: (880)
  • Therfore I axe deeth and my Iuwyse;
  • But slee my felawe in the same wyse,Skeat1900: 1740
  • For bothe han we deserved to be slayn.’
  • This worthy duk answerde anon agayn,
  • And seyde, ‘This is a short conclusioun:
  • Youre owne mouth, by your confessioun,
  • Hath dampned you, and I wol it recorde,Skeat1900: 1745
  • It nedeth noght to pyne yow with the corde.
  • Ye shul be deed, by mighty Mars the rede!’
  • Edition: current; Page: [51]
  • The quene anon, for verray wommanhede,Skeat1900: (890)
  • Gan for to wepe, and so dide Emelye,
  • And alle the ladies in the companye.Skeat1900: 1750
  • Gret pitee was it, as it thoughte hem alle,
  • That ever swich a chaunce sholde falle;
  • For gentil men they were, of greet estat,
  • And no-thing but for love was this debat;
  • And sawe hir blody woundes wyde and sore;Skeat1900: 1755
  • And alle cryden, bothe lasse and more,
  • ‘Have mercy, lord, up-on us wommen alle!’
  • And on hir bare knees adoun they falle,Skeat1900: (900)
  • And wolde have kist his feet ther-as he stood,
  • Til at the laste aslaked was his mood;Skeat1900: 1760
  • For pitee renneth sone in gentil herte.
  • And though he first for ire quook and sterte,
  • He hath considered shortly, in a clause,
  • The trespas of hem bothe, and eek the cause:
  • And al-though that his ire hir gilt accused,Skeat1900: 1765
  • Yet in his reson he hem bothe excused;
  • As thus: he thoghte wel, that every man
  • Wol helpe him-self in love, if that he can,Skeat1900: (910)
  • And eek delivere him-self out of prisoun;
  • And eek his herte had compassiounSkeat1900: 1770
  • Of wommen, for they wepen ever in oon;
  • And in his gentil herte he thoghte anoon,
  • And softe un-to himself he seyde: ‘fy
  • Up-on a lord that wol have no mercy,
  • But been a leoun, bothe in word and dede,Skeat1900: 1775
  • To hem that been in repentaunce and drede
  • As wel as to a proud despitous man
  • That wol maynteyne that he first bigan!Skeat1900: (920)
  • That lord hath litel of discrecioun,
  • That in swich cas can no divisioun,Skeat1900: 1780
  • But weyeth pryde and humblesse after oon.’
  • And shortly, whan his ire is thus agoon,
  • He gan to loken up with eyen lighte,
  • And spak thise same wordes al on highte:—
  • ‘The god of love, a! benedicite,Skeat1900: 1785
  • Edition: current; Page: [52]
  • How mighty and how greet a lord is he!
  • Ayeins his might ther gayneth none obstacles,
  • He may be cleped a god for his miracles;Skeat1900: (930)
  • For he can maken at his owne gyse
  • Of everich herte, as that him list devyse.Skeat1900: 1790
  • Lo heer, this Arcite and this Palamoun,
  • That quitly weren out of my prisoun,
  • And mighte han lived in Thebes royally,
  • And witen I am hir mortal enemy,
  • And that hir deeth lyth in my might also,Skeat1900: 1795
  • And yet hath love, maugree hir eyen two,
  • Y-broght hem hider bothe for to dye!
  • Now loketh, is nat that an heigh folye?Skeat1900: (940)
  • Who may been a fool, but-if he love?
  • Bihold, for Goddes sake that sit above,Skeat1900: 1800
  • Se how they blede! be they noght wel arrayed?
  • Thus hath hir lord, the god of love, y-payed
  • Hir wages and hir fees for hir servyse!
  • And yet they wenen for to been ful wyse
  • That serven love, for aught that may bifalle!Skeat1900: 1805
  • But this is yet the beste game of alle,
  • That she, for whom they han this Iolitee,
  • Can hem ther-for as muche thank as me;Skeat1900: (950)
  • She woot namore of al this hote fare,
  • By God, than woot a cokkow or an hare!Skeat1900: 1810
  • But al mot been assayed, hoot and cold;
  • A man mot been a fool, or yong or old;
  • I woot it by my-self ful yore agoon:
  • For in my tyme a servant was I oon.
  • And therfore, sin I knowe of loves peyne,Skeat1900: 1815
  • And woot how sore it can a man distreyne,
  • As he that hath ben caught ofte in his las,
  • I yow foryeve al hoolly this trespas,Skeat1900: (960)
  • At requeste of the quene that kneleth here,
  • And eek of Emelye, my suster dere.Skeat1900: 1820
  • And ye shul bothe anon un-to me swere,
  • Edition: current; Page: [53]
  • That never-mo ye shul my contree dere,
  • Ne make werre up-on me night ne day,
  • But been my freendes in al that ye may;
  • I yow foryeve this trespas every del.’Skeat1900: 1825
  • And they him swore his axing fayre and wel,Skeat1900: 1825
  • And him of lordshipe and of mercy preyde,
  • And he hem graunteth grace, and thus he seyde:Skeat1900: (970)
  • ‘To speke of royal linage and richesse,
  • Though that she were a quene or a princesse,Skeat1900: 1830
  • Ech of yow bothe is worthy, doutelees,
  • To wedden whan tyme is, but nathelees
  • I speke as for my suster Emelye,
  • For whom ye have this stryf and Ielousye;
  • Ye woot your-self, she may not wedden twoSkeat1900: 1835
  • At ones, though ye fighten ever-mo:
  • That oon of yow, al be him looth or leef,
  • He moot go pypen in an ivy-leef;Skeat1900: (980)
  • This is to seyn, she may nat now han bothe,
  • Al be ye never so Ielous, ne so wrothe.Skeat1900: 1840
  • And for-thy I yow putte in this degree,
  • That ech of yow shal have his destinee
  • As him is shape; and herkneth in what wyse;
  • Lo, heer your ende of that I shal devyse.
  • My wil is this, for plat conclusioun,Skeat1900: 1845
  • With-outen any replicacioun,
  • If that yow lyketh, tak it for the beste,
  • That everich of yow shal gon wher him lesteSkeat1900: (990)
  • Frely, with-outen raunson or daunger;
  • And this day fifty wykes, fer ne ner,Skeat1900: 1850
  • Everich of yow shal bringe an hundred knightes,
  • Armed for listes up at alle rightes,
  • Al redy to darreyne hir by bataille.
  • And this bihote I yow, with-outen faille,
  • Up-on my trouthe, and as I am a knight,Skeat1900: 1855
  • That whether of yow bothe that hath might,
  • This is to seyn, that whether he or thou
  • Edition: current; Page: [54]
  • May with his hundred, as I spak of now,Skeat1900: (1000)
  • Sleen his contrarie, or out of listes dryve,
  • Him shal I yeve Emelya to wyve,Skeat1900: 1860
  • To whom that fortune yeveth so fair a grace.
  • The listes shal I maken in this place,
  • And God so wisly on my soule rewe,
  • As I shal even Iuge been and trewe.
  • Ye shul non other ende with me maken,Skeat1900: 1865
  • That oon of yow ne shal be deed or taken.
  • And if yow thinketh this is wel y-sayd,
  • Seyeth your avys, and holdeth yow apayd.Skeat1900: (1010)
  • This is your ende and your conclusioun.’
  • Who loketh lightly now but Palamoun?Skeat1900: 1870
  • Who springeth up for Ioye but Arcite?
  • Who couthe telle, or who couthe it endyte,
  • The Ioye that is maked in the place
  • Whan Theseus hath doon so fair a grace?
  • But doun on knees wente every maner wight,Skeat1900: 1875
  • And thanked him with al her herte and might,
  • And namely the Thebans ofte sythe.
  • And thus with good hope and with herte blytheSkeat1900: (1020)
  • They take hir leve, and hom-ward gonne they ryde
  • To Thebes, with his olde walles wyde.Skeat1900: 1880

Explicit secunda pars. Sequitur pars tercia.

  • I trowe men wolde deme it necligence,
  • If I foryete to tellen the dispence
  • Of Theseus, that goth so bisily
  • To maken up the listes royally;
  • That swich a noble theatre as it was,Skeat1900: 1885
  • I dar wel seyn that in this world ther nas.
  • The circuit a myle was aboute,
  • Walled of stoon, and diched al with-oute.Skeat1900: (1030)
  • Round was the shap, in maner of compas,
  • Ful of degrees, the heighte of sixty pas,Skeat1900: 1890
  • Edition: current; Page: [55]
  • That, whan a man was set on o degree,
  • He letted nat his felawe for to see.
  • Est-ward ther stood a gate of marbel whyt,
  • West-ward, right swich another in the opposit.
  • And shortly to concluden, swich a placeSkeat1900: 1895
  • Was noon in erthe, as in so litel space;
  • For in the lond ther nas no crafty man,
  • That geometrie or ars-metrik can,Skeat1900: (1040)
  • Ne purtreyour, ne kerver of images,
  • That Theseus ne yaf him mete and wagesSkeat1900: 1900
  • The theatre for to maken and devyse.
  • And for to doon his ryte and sacrifyse,
  • He est-ward hath, up-on the gate above,
  • In worship of Venus, goddesse of love,
  • Don make an auter and an oratorie;Skeat1900: 1905
  • And west-ward, in the minde and in memorie
  • Of Mars, he maked hath right swich another,
  • That coste largely of gold a fother.Skeat1900: (1050)
  • And north-ward, in a touret on the wal,
  • Of alabastre whyt and reed coralSkeat1900: 1910
  • An oratorie riche for to see,
  • In worship of Dyane of chastitee,
  • Hath Theseus don wroght in noble wyse.
  • But yet hadde I foryeten to devyse
  • The noble kerving, and the portreitures,Skeat1900: 1915
  • The shap, the countenaunce, and the figures,
  • That weren in thise oratories three.
  • First in the temple of Venus maystow seeSkeat1900: (1060)
  • Wroght on the wal, ful pitous to biholde,
  • The broken slepes, and the sykes colde;Skeat1900: 1920
  • The sacred teres, and the waymenting;
  • The fyry strokes of the desiring,
  • That loves servaunts in this lyf enduren;
  • The othes, that hir covenants assuren;
  • Plesaunce and hope, desyr, fool-hardinesse,Skeat1900: 1925
  • Beautee and youthe, bauderie, richesse,
  • Edition: current; Page: [56]
  • Charmes and force, lesinges, flaterye,
  • Dispense, bisynesse, and Ielousye,Skeat1900: (1070)
  • That wered of yelwe goldes a gerland,
  • And a cokkow sitting on hir hand;Skeat1900: 1930
  • Festes, instruments, caroles, daunces,
  • Lust and array, and alle the circumstaunces
  • Of love, whiche that I rekne and rekne shal,
  • By ordre weren peynted on the wal,
  • And mo than I can make of mencioun.Skeat1900: 1935
  • For soothly, al the mount of Citheroun,
  • Ther Venus hath hir principal dwelling,
  • Was shewed on the wal in portreying,Skeat1900: (1080)
  • With al the gardin, and the lustinesse.
  • Nat was foryeten the porter Ydelnesse,Skeat1900: 1940
  • Ne Narcisus the faire of yore agon,
  • Ne yet the folye of king Salamon,
  • Ne yet the grete strengthe of Hercules—
  • Thenchauntements of Medea and Circes—
  • Ne of Turnus, with the hardy fiers corage,Skeat1900: 1945
  • The riche Cresus, caytif in servage.
  • Thus may ye seen that wisdom ne richesse,
  • Beautee ne sleighte, strengthe, ne hardinesse,Skeat1900: (1090)
  • Ne may with Venus holde champartye;
  • For as hir list the world than may she gye.Skeat1900: 1950
  • Lo, alle thise folk so caught were in hir las,
  • Til they for wo ful ofte seyde ‘allas!’
  • Suffyceth heer ensamples oon or two,
  • And though I coude rekne a thousand mo.
  • The statue of Venus, glorious for to see,Skeat1900: 1955
  • Was naked fleting in the large see,
  • And fro the navele doun all covered was
  • With wawes grene, and brighte as any glas.Skeat1900: (1100)
  • A citole in hir right hand hadde she,
  • And on hir heed, ful semely for to see,Skeat1900: 1960
  • A rose gerland, fresh and wel smellinge;
  • Edition: current; Page: [57]
  • Above hir heed hir dowves flikeringe.
  • Biforn hir stood hir sone Cupido,
  • Up-on his shuldres winges hadde he two;
  • And blind he was, as it is ofte sene;Skeat1900: 1965
  • A bowe he bar and arwes brighte and kene.
  • Why sholde I noght as wel eek telle yow al
  • The portreiture, that was up-on the walSkeat1900: (1110)
  • With-inne the temple of mighty Mars the rede?
  • Al peynted was the wal, in lengthe and brede,Skeat1900: 1970
  • Lyk to the estres of the grisly place,
  • That highte the grete temple of Mars in Trace,
  • In thilke colde frosty regioun,
  • Ther-as Mars hath his sovereyn mansioun.
  • First on the wal was peynted a foreste,Skeat1900: 1975
  • In which ther dwelleth neither man ne beste,
  • With knotty knarry bareyn treës olde
  • Of stubbes sharpe and hidous to biholde;Skeat1900: (1120)
  • In which ther ran a rumbel and a swough,
  • As though a storm sholde bresten every bough:Skeat1900: 1980
  • And downward from an hille, under a bente,
  • Ther stood the temple of Mars armipotente,
  • Wroght al of burned steel, of which thentree
  • Was long and streit, and gastly for to see.
  • And ther-out cam a rage and such a vese,Skeat1900: 1985
  • That it made al the gates for to rese.
  • The northren light in at the dores shoon,
  • For windowe on the wal ne was ther noon,Skeat1900: (1130)
  • Thurgh which men mighten any light discerne.
  • The dores were alle of adamant eterne,Skeat1900: 1990
  • Y-clenched overthwart and endelong
  • With iren tough; and, for to make it strong,
  • Every piler, the temple to sustene,
  • Was tonne-greet, of iren bright and shene.
  • Ther saugh I first the derke imaginingSkeat1900: 1995
  • Edition: current; Page: [58]
  • Of felonye, and al the compassing;
  • The cruel ire, reed as any glede;
  • The pykepurs, and eek the pale drede;Skeat1900: (1140)
  • The smyler with the knyf under the cloke;
  • The shepne brenning with the blake smoke;Skeat1900: 2000
  • The treson of the mordring in the bedde;
  • The open werre, with woundes al bi-bledde;
  • Contek, with blody knyf and sharp manace;
  • Al ful of chirking was that sory place.
  • The sleere of him-self yet saugh I ther,Skeat1900: 2005
  • His herte-blood hath bathed al his heer;
  • The nayl y-driven in the shode a-night;
  • The colde deeth, with mouth gaping up-right.Skeat1900: (1150)
  • Amiddes of the temple sat meschaunce,
  • With disconfort and sory contenaunce.Skeat1900: 2010
  • Yet saugh I woodnesse laughing in his rage;
  • Armed compleint, out-hees, and fiers outrage.
  • The careyne in the bush, with throte y-corve:
  • A thousand slayn, and nat of qualm y-storve;
  • The tiraunt, with the prey by force y-raft;Skeat1900: 2015
  • The toun destroyed, ther was no-thing laft.
  • Yet saugh I brent the shippes hoppesteres;
  • The hunte strangled with the wilde beres:Skeat1900: (1160)
  • The sowe freten the child right in the cradel;
  • The cook y-scalded, for al his longe ladel.Skeat1900: 2020
  • Noght was foryeten by the infortune of Marte;
  • The carter over-riden with his carte,
  • Under the wheel ful lowe he lay adoun.
  • Ther were also, of Martes divisioun,
  • The barbour, and the bocher, and the smithSkeat1900: 2025
  • That forgeth sharpe swerdes on his stith.
  • And al above, depeynted in a tour,
  • Saw I conquest sittinge in greet honour,Skeat1900: (1170)
  • With the sharpe swerde over his heed
  • Hanginge by a sotil twynes threed.Skeat1900: 2030
  • Depeynted was the slaughtre of Iulius,
  • Edition: current; Page: [59]
  • Of grete Nero, and of Antonius;
  • Al be that thilke tyme they were unborn,
  • Yet was hir deeth depeynted ther-biforn,
  • By manasinge of Mars, right by figure;Skeat1900: 2035
  • So was it shewed in that portreiture
  • As is depeynted in the sterres above,
  • Who shal be slayn or elles deed for love.Skeat1900: (1180)
  • Suffyceth oon ensample in stories olde,
  • I may not rekne hem alle, thogh I wolde.Skeat1900: 2040
  • The statue of Mars up-on a carte stood,
  • Armed, and loked grim as he were wood;
  • And over his heed ther shynen two figures
  • Of sterres, that been cleped in scriptures,
  • That oon Puella, that other Rubeus.Skeat1900: 2045
  • This god of armes was arrayed thus:—
  • A wolf ther stood biforn him at his feet
  • With eyen rede, and of a man he eet;Skeat1900: (1190)
  • With sotil pencel was depeynt this storie,
  • In redoutinge of Mars and of his glorie.Skeat1900: 2050
  • Now to the temple of Diane the chaste
  • As shortly as I can I wol me haste,
  • To telle yow al the descripcioun.
  • Depeynted been the walles up and doun
  • Of hunting and of shamfast chastitee.Skeat1900: 2055
  • Ther saugh I how woful Calistopee,
  • Whan that Diane agreved was with here,
  • Was turned from a womman til a bere,Skeat1900: (1200)
  • And after was she maad the lode-sterre;
  • Thus was it peynt, I can say yow no ferre;Skeat1900: 2060
  • Hir sone is eek a sterre, as men may see.
  • Ther saugh I Dane, y-turned til a tree,
  • I mene nat the goddesse Diane,
  • But Penneus doughter, which that highte Dane.
  • Ther saugh I Attheon an hert y-maked,Skeat1900: 2065
  • For vengeaunce that he saugh Diane al naked;
  • I saugh how that his houndes have him caught,
  • Edition: current; Page: [60]
  • And freten him, for that they knewe him naught.Skeat1900: (1210)
  • Yet peynted was a litel forther-moor,
  • How Atthalante hunted the wilde boor,Skeat1900: 2070
  • And Meleagre, and many another mo,
  • For which Diane wroghte him care and wo.
  • Ther saugh I many another wonder storie,
  • The whiche me list nat drawen to memorie.
  • This goddesse on an hert ful hye seet,Skeat1900: 2075
  • With smale houndes al aboute hir feet;
  • And undernethe hir feet she hadde a mone,
  • Wexing it was, and sholde wanie sone.Skeat1900: (1220)
  • In gaude grene hir statue clothed was,
  • With bowe in honde, and arwes in a cas.Skeat1900: 2080
  • Hir eyen caste she ful lowe adoun,
  • Ther Pluto hath his derke regioun.
  • A womman travailinge was hir biforn,
  • But, for hir child so longe was unborn,
  • Ful pitously Lucyna gan she calle,Skeat1900: 2085
  • And seyde, ‘help, for thou mayst best of alle.’
  • Wel couthe he peynten lyfly that it wroghte,
  • With many a florin he the hewes boghte.Skeat1900: (1230)
  • Now been thise listes maad, and Theseus,
  • That at his grete cost arrayed thusSkeat1900: 2090
  • The temples and the theatre every del,
  • Whan it was doon, him lyked wonder wel.
  • But stinte I wol of Theseus a lyte,
  • And speke of Palamon and of Arcite.
  • The day approcheth of hir retourninge,Skeat1900: 2095
  • That everich sholde an hundred knightes bringe,
  • The bataille to darreyne, as I yow tolde;
  • And til Athenes, hir covenant for to holde,Skeat1900: (1240)
  • Hath everich of hem broght an hundred knightes
  • Wel armed for the werre at alle rightes.Skeat1900: 2100
  • And sikerly, ther trowed many a man
  • That never, sithen that the world bigan,
  • As for to speke of knighthod of hir hond,
  • As fer as God hath maked see or lond,
  • Edition: current; Page: [61]
  • Nas, of so fewe, so noble a companye.Skeat1900: 2105
  • For every wight that lovede chivalrye,
  • And wolde, his thankes, han a passant name,
  • Hath preyed that he mighte ben of that game;Skeat1900: (1250)
  • And wel was him, that ther-to chosen was.
  • For if ther fille to-morwe swich a cas,Skeat1900: 2110
  • Ye knowen wel, that every lusty knight,
  • That loveth paramours, and hath his might,
  • Were it in Engelond, or elles-where,
  • They wolde, hir thankes, wilnen to be there.
  • To fighte for a lady, benedicite!Skeat1900: 2115
  • It were a lusty sighte for to see.
  • And right so ferden they with Palamon.
  • With him ther wenten knightes many oon;Skeat1900: (1260)
  • Som wol ben armed in an habergeoun,
  • In a brest-plat and in a light gipoun;Skeat1900: 2120
  • And somme woln have a peyre plates large;
  • And somme woln have a Pruce sheld, or a targe;
  • Somme woln ben armed on hir legges weel,
  • And have an ax, and somme a mace of steel.
  • Ther nis no newe gyse, that it nas old.Skeat1900: 2125
  • Armed were they, as I have you told,
  • Everich after his opinioun.
  • Ther maistow seen coming with PalamounSkeat1900: (1270)
  • Ligurge him-self, the grete king of Trace;
  • Blak was his berd, and manly was his face.Skeat1900: 2130
  • The cercles of his eyen in his heed,
  • They gloweden bitwixe yelow and reed;
  • And lyk a griffon loked he aboute,
  • With kempe heres on his browes stoute;
  • His limes grete, his braunes harde and stronge,Skeat1900: 2135
  • His shuldres brode, his armes rounde and longe.
  • And as the gyse was in his contree,
  • Ful hye up-on a char of gold stood he,Skeat1900: (1280)
  • With foure whyte boles in the trays.
  • In-stede of cote-armure over his harnays,Skeat1900: 2140
  • With nayles yelwe and brighte as any gold,
  • Edition: current; Page: [62]
  • He hadde a beres skin, col-blak, for-old.
  • His long heer was kembd bihinde his bak,
  • As any ravenes fether it shoon for-blak:
  • A wrethe of gold arm-greet, of huge wighte,Skeat1900: 2145
  • Upon his heed, set ful of stones brighte,
  • Of fyne rubies and of dyamaunts.
  • Aboute his char ther wenten whyte alaunts,Skeat1900: (1290)
  • Twenty and mo, as grete as any steer,
  • To hunten at the leoun or the deer,Skeat1900: 2150
  • And folwed him, with mosel faste y-bounde,
  • Colers of gold, and torets fyled rounde.
  • An hundred lordes hadde he in his route
  • Armed ful wel, with hertes sterne and stoute.
  • With Arcita, in stories as men finde,Skeat1900: 2155
  • The grete Emetreus, the king of Inde,
  • Up-on a stede bay, trapped in steel,
  • Covered in cloth of gold diapred weel,Skeat1900: (1300)
  • Cam ryding lyk the god of armes, Mars.
  • His cote-armure was of cloth of Tars,Skeat1900: 2160
  • Couched with perles whyte and rounde and grete.
  • His sadel was of brend gold newe y-bete;
  • A mantelet upon his shuldre hanginge
  • Bret-ful of rubies rede, as fyr sparklinge.
  • His crispe heer lyk ringes was y-ronne,Skeat1900: 2165
  • And that was yelow, and glitered as the sonne.
  • His nose was heigh, his eyen bright citryn,
  • His lippes rounde, his colour was sangwyn,Skeat1900: (1310)
  • A fewe fraknes in his face y-spreynd,
  • Betwixen yelow and somdel blak y-meynd,Skeat1900: 2170
  • And as a leoun he his loking caste.
  • Of fyve and twenty yeer his age I caste.
  • His berd was wel bigonne for to springe;
  • His voys was as a trompe thunderinge.
  • Up-on his heed he wered of laurer greneSkeat1900: 2175
  • A gerland fresh and lusty for to sene.
  • Up-on his hand he bar, for his deduyt,
  • Edition: current; Page: [63]
  • An egle tame, as eny lilie whyt.Skeat1900: (1320)
  • An hundred lordes hadde he with him there,
  • Al armed, sauf hir heddes, in al hir gere,Skeat1900: 2180
  • Ful richely in alle maner thinges.
  • For trusteth wel, that dukes, erles, kinges,
  • Were gadered in this noble companye,
  • For love and for encrees of chivalrye.
  • Aboute this king ther ran on every partSkeat1900: 2185
  • Ful many a tame leoun and lepart.
  • And in this wyse thise lordes, alle and some,
  • Ben on the Sonday to the citee comeSkeat1900: (1330)
  • Aboute pryme, and in the toun alight.
  • This Theseus, this duk, this worthy knight,Skeat1900: 2190
  • Whan he had broght hem in-to his citee,
  • And inned hem, everich in his degree,
  • He festeth hem, and dooth so greet labour
  • To esen hem, and doon hem al honour,
  • That yet men weneth that no mannes witSkeat1900: 2195
  • Of noon estat ne coude amenden it.
  • The minstralcye, the service at the feste,
  • The grete yiftes to the moste and leste,Skeat1900: (1340)
  • The riche array of Theseus paleys,
  • Ne who sat first ne last up-on the deys,Skeat1900: 2200
  • What ladies fairest been or best daunsinge,
  • Or which of hem can dauncen best and singe,
  • Ne who most felingly speketh of love:
  • What haukes sitten on the perche above,
  • What houndes liggen on the floor adoun:Skeat1900: 2205
  • Of al this make I now no mencioun;
  • But al theffect, that thinketh me the beste;
  • Now comth the poynt, and herkneth if yow leste.Skeat1900: (1350)
  • The Sonday night, er day bigan to springe,
  • When Palamon the larke herde singe,Skeat1900: 2210
  • Although it nere nat day by houres two,
  • Yet song the larke, and Palamon also.
  • With holy herte, and with an heigh corage
  • Edition: current; Page: [64]
  • He roos, to wenden on his pilgrimage
  • Un-to the blisful Citherea benigne,Skeat1900: 2215
  • I mene Venus, honurable and digne.
  • And in hir houre he walketh forth a pas
  • Un-to the listes, ther hir temple was,Skeat1900: (1360)
  • And doun he kneleth, and with humble chere
  • And herte soor, he seyde as ye shul here.Skeat1900: 2220
  • ‘Faireste of faire, o lady myn, Venus,
  • Doughter to Iove and spouse of Vulcanus,
  • Thou glader of the mount of Citheroun,
  • For thilke love thou haddest to Adoun,
  • Have pitee of my bittre teres smerte,Skeat1900: 2225
  • And tak myn humble preyer at thyn herte.
  • Allas! I ne have no langage to telle
  • Theffectes ne the torments of myn helle;Skeat1900: (1370)
  • Myn herte may myne harmes nat biwreye;
  • I am so confus, that I can noght seye.Skeat1900: 2230
  • But mercy, lady bright, that knowest weel
  • My thought, and seest what harmes that I feel,
  • Considere al this, and rewe up-on my sore,
  • As wisly as I shal for evermore,
  • Emforth my might, thy trewe servant be,Skeat1900: 2235
  • And holden werre alwey with chastitee;
  • That make I myn avow, so ye me helpe.
  • I kepe noght of armes for to yelpe,Skeat1900: (1380)
  • Ne I ne axe nat to-morwe to have victorie,
  • Ne renoun in this cas, ne veyne glorieSkeat1900: 2240
  • Of pris of armes blowen up and doun,
  • But I wolde have fully possessioun
  • Of Emelye, and dye in thy servyse;
  • Find thou the maner how, and in what wyse.
  • I recche nat, but it may bettre be,Skeat1900: 2245
  • To have victorie of hem, or they of me,
  • So that I have my lady in myne armes.
  • For though so be that Mars is god of armes,Skeat1900: (1390)
  • Your vertu is so greet in hevene above,
  • Edition: current; Page: [65]
  • That, if yow list, I shal wel have my love.Skeat1900: 2250
  • Thy temple wol I worshipe evermo,
  • And on thyn auter, wher I ryde or go,
  • I wol don sacrifice, and fyres bete.
  • And if ye wol nat so, my lady swete,
  • Than preye I thee, to-morwe with a spereSkeat1900: 2255
  • That Arcita me thurgh the herte bere.
  • Thanne rekke I noght, whan I have lost my lyf,
  • Though that Arcita winne hir to his wyf.Skeat1900: (1400)
  • This is theffect and ende of my preyere,
  • Yif me my love, thou blisful lady dere.’Skeat1900: 2260
  • Whan thorisoun was doon of Palamon,
  • His sacrifice he dide, and that anon
  • Ful pitously, with alle circumstaunces,
  • Al telle I noght as now his observaunces.
  • But atte laste the statue of Venus shook,Skeat1900: 2265
  • And made a signe, wher-by that he took
  • That his preyere accepted was that day.
  • For thogh the signe shewed a delay,Skeat1900: (1410)
  • Yet wiste he wel that graunted was his bone;
  • And with glad herte he wente him hoom ful sone.Skeat1900: 2270
  • The thridde houre inequal that Palamon
  • Bigan to Venus temple for to goon,
  • Up roos the sonne, and up roos Emelye,
  • And to the temple of Diane gan hye.
  • Hir maydens, that she thider with hir ladde,Skeat1900: 2275
  • Ful redily with hem the fyr they hadde,
  • Thencens, the clothes, and the remenant al
  • That to the sacrifyce longen shal;Skeat1900: (1420)
  • The hornes fulle of meth, as was the gyse;
  • Ther lakked noght to doon hir sacrifyse.Skeat1900: 2280
  • Smoking the temple, ful of clothes faire,
  • This Emelye, with herte debonaire,
  • Hir body wessh with water of a welle;
  • But how she dide hir ryte I dar nat telle,
  • But it be any thing in general;Skeat1900: 2285
  • Edition: current; Page: [66]
  • And yet it were a game to heren al;
  • To him that meneth wel, it were no charge:
  • But it is good a man ben at his large.Skeat1900: (1430)
  • Hir brighte heer was kempt, untressed al;
  • A coroune of a grene ook cerialSkeat1900: 2290
  • Up-on hir heed was set ful fair and mete.
  • Two fyres on the auter gan she bete,
  • And dide hir thinges, as men may biholde
  • In Stace of Thebes, and thise bokes olde.
  • Whan kindled was the fyr, with pitous chereSkeat1900: 2295
  • Un-to Diane she spak, as ye may here.
  • ‘O chaste goddesse of the wodes grene,
  • To whom bothe hevene and erthe and see is sene,Skeat1900: (1440)
  • Quene of the regne of Pluto derk and lowe,
  • Goddesse of maydens, that myn herte hast knoweSkeat1900: 2300
  • Ful many a yeer, and woost what I desire,
  • As keep me fro thy vengeaunce and thyn ire,
  • That Attheon aboughte cruelly.
  • Chaste goddesse, wel wostow that I
  • Desire to been a mayden al my lyf,Skeat1900: 2305
  • Ne never wol I be no love ne wyf.
  • I am, thou woost, yet of thy companye,
  • A mayde, and love hunting and venerye,Skeat1900: (1450)
  • And for to walken in the wodes wilde,
  • And noght to been a wyf, and be with childe.Skeat1900: 2310
  • Noght wol I knowe companye of man.
  • Now help me, lady, sith ye may and can,
  • For tho thre formes that thou hast in thee.
  • And Palamon, that hath swich love to me,
  • And eek Arcite, that loveth me so sore,Skeat1900: 2315
  • This grace I preye thee with-oute more,
  • As sende love and pees bitwixe hem two;
  • And fro me turne awey hir hertes so,Skeat1900: (1460)
  • That al hir hote love, and hir desyr,
  • And al hir bisy torment, and hir fyrSkeat1900: 2320
  • Be queynt, or turned in another place;
  • And if so be thou wolt not do me grace,
  • Edition: current; Page: [67]
  • Or if my destinee be shapen so,
  • That I shal nedes have oon of hem two,
  • As sende me him that most desireth me.Skeat1900: 2325
  • Bihold, goddesse of clene chastitee,
  • The bittre teres that on my chekes falle.
  • Sin thou are mayde, and keper of us alle,Skeat1900: (1470)
  • My maydenhede thou kepe and wel conserve,
  • And whyl I live a mayde, I wol thee serve.’Skeat1900: 2330
  • The fyres brenne up-on the auter clere,
  • Whyl Emelye was thus in hir preyere;
  • But sodeinly she saugh a sighte queynte,
  • For right anon oon of the fyres queynte,
  • And quiked agayn, and after that anonSkeat1900: 2335
  • That other fyr was queynt, and al agon;
  • And as it queynte, it made a whistelinge,
  • As doon thise wete brondes in hir brenninge,Skeat1900: (1480)
  • And at the brondes ende out-ran anoon
  • As it were blody dropes many oon;Skeat1900: 2340
  • For which so sore agast was Emelye,
  • That she was wel ny mad, and gan to crye,
  • For she ne wiste what it signifyed;
  • But only for the fere thus hath she cryed,
  • And weep, that it was pitee for to here.Skeat1900: 2345
  • And ther-with-al Diane gan appere,
  • With bowe in hond, right as an hunteresse,
  • And seyde: ‘Doghter, stint thyn hevinesse.Skeat1900: (1490)
  • Among the goddes hye it is affermed,
  • And by eterne word write and confermed,Skeat1900: 2350
  • Thou shalt ben wedded un-to oon of tho
  • That han for thee so muchel care and wo;
  • But un-to which of hem I may nat telle.
  • Farwel, for I ne may no lenger dwelle.
  • The fyres which that on myn auter brenneSkeat1900: 2355
  • Shul thee declaren, er that thou go henne,
  • Thyn aventure of love, as in this cas.’
  • And with that word, the arwes in the casSkeat1900: (1500)
  • Edition: current; Page: [68]
  • Of the goddesse clateren faste and ringe,
  • And forth she wente, and made a vanisshinge;Skeat1900: 2360
  • For which this Emelye astoned was,
  • And seyde, ‘What amounteth this, allas!
  • I putte me in thy proteccioun,
  • Diane, and in thy disposicioun.’
  • And hoom she gooth anon the nexte weye.Skeat1900: 2365
  • This is theffect, ther is namore to seye.
  • The nexte houre of Mars folwinge this,
  • Arcite un-to the temple walked isSkeat1900: (1510)
  • Of fierse Mars, to doon his sacrifyse,
  • With alle the rytes of his payen wyse.Skeat1900: 2370
  • With pitous herte and heigh devocioun,
  • Right thus to Mars he seyde his orisoun:
  • ‘O stronge god, that in the regnes colde
  • Of Trace honoured art, and lord y-holde,
  • And hast in every regne and every londSkeat1900: 2375
  • Of armes al the brydel in thyn hond,
  • And hem fortunest as thee list devyse,
  • Accept of me my pitous sacrifyse.Skeat1900: (1520)
  • If so be that my youthe may deserve,
  • And that my might be worthy for to serveSkeat1900: 2380
  • Thy godhede, that I may been oon of thyne,
  • Than preye I thee to rewe up-on my pyne.
  • For thilke peyne, and thilke hote fyr,
  • In which thou whylom brendest for desyr,
  • Whan that thou usedest the grete beauteeSkeat1900: 2385
  • Of fayre yonge fresshe Venus free,
  • And haddest hir in armes at thy wille,
  • Al-though thee ones on a tyme misfilleSkeat1900: (1530)
  • Whan Vulcanus had caught thee in his las,
  • And fond thee ligging by his wyf, allas!Skeat1900: 2390
  • For thilke sorwe that was in thyn herte,
  • Have routhe as wel up-on my peynes smerte.
  • I am yong and unkonning, as thou wost,
  • And, as I trowe, with love offended most,
  • That ever was any lyves creature;Skeat1900: 2395
  • For she, that dooth me al this wo endure,
  • Edition: current; Page: [69]
  • Ne reccheth never wher I sinke or flete.
  • And wel I woot, er she me mercy hete,Skeat1900: (1540)
  • I moot with strengthe winne hir in the place;
  • And wel I woot, withouten help or graceSkeat1900: 2400
  • Of thee, ne may my strengthe noght availle.
  • Than help me, lord, to-morwe in my bataille,
  • For thilke fyr that whylom brente thee,
  • As wel as thilke fyr now brenneth me;
  • And do that I to-morwe have victorie.Skeat1900: 2405
  • Myn be the travaille, and thyn be the glorie!
  • Thy soverein temple wol I most honouren
  • Of any place, and alwey most labourenSkeat1900: (1550)
  • In thy plesaunce and in thy craftes stronge,
  • And in thy temple I wol my baner honge,Skeat1900: 2410
  • And alle the armes of my companye;
  • And evere-mo, un-to that day I dye,
  • Eterne fyr I wol biforn thee finde.
  • And eek to this avow I wol me binde:
  • My berd, myn heer that hongeth long adoun,Skeat1900: 2415
  • That never yet ne felte offensioun
  • Of rasour nor of shere, I wol thee yive,
  • And ben thy trewe servant whyl I live.Skeat1900: (1560)
  • Now lord, have routhe up-on my sorwes sore,
  • Yif me victorie, I aske thee namore.’Skeat1900: 2420
  • The preyere stinte of Arcita the stronge,
  • The ringes on the temple-dore that honge,
  • And eek the dores, clatereden ful faste,
  • Of which Arcita som-what him agaste.
  • The fyres brende up-on the auter brighte,Skeat1900: 2425
  • That it gan al the temple for to lighte;
  • And swete smel the ground anon up-yaf,
  • And Arcita anon his hand up-haf,Skeat1900: (1570)
  • And more encens in-to the fyr he caste,
  • With othere rytes mo; and atte lasteSkeat1900: 2430
  • The statue of Mars bigan his hauberk ringe.
  • And with that soun he herde a murmuringe
  • Ful lowe and dim, that sayde thus, ‘Victorie:’
  • For which he yaf to Mars honour and glorie.
  • Edition: current; Page: [70]
  • And thus with Ioye, and hope wel to fare,Skeat1900: 2435
  • Arcite anon un-to his inne is fare,
  • As fayn as fowel is of the brighte sonne.
  • And right anon swich stryf ther is bigonneSkeat1900: (1580)
  • For thilke graunting, in the hevene above,
  • Bitwixe Venus, the goddesse of love,Skeat1900: 2440
  • And Mars, the sterne god armipotente,
  • That Iupiter was bisy it to stente;
  • Til that the pale Saturnus the colde,
  • That knew so manye of aventures olde,
  • Fond in his olde experience an art,Skeat1900: 2445
  • That he ful sone hath plesed every part.
  • As sooth is sayd, elde hath greet avantage;
  • In elde is bothe wisdom and usage;Skeat1900: (1590)
  • Men may the olde at-renne, and noght at-rede.
  • Saturne anon, to stinten stryf and drede,Skeat1900: 2450
  • Al be it that it is agayn his kynde,
  • Of al this stryf he gan remedie fynde.
  • ‘My dere doghter Venus,’ quod Saturne,
  • ‘My cours, that hath so wyde for to turne,
  • Hath more power than wot any man.Skeat1900: 2455
  • Myn is the drenching in the see so wan;
  • Myn is the prison in the derke cote;
  • Myn is the strangling and hanging by the throte;Skeat1900: (1600)
  • The murmure, and the cherles rebelling,
  • The groyning, and the pryvee empoysoning:Skeat1900: 2460
  • I do vengeance and pleyn correccioun
  • Whyl I dwelle in the signe of the leoun.
  • Myn is the ruine of the hye halles,
  • The falling of the toures and of the walles
  • Up-on the mynour or the carpenter.Skeat1900: 2465
  • I slow Sampsoun in shaking the piler;
  • And myne be the maladyes colde,
  • The derke tresons, and the castes olde;Skeat1900: (1610)
  • My loking is the fader of pestilence.
  • Now weep namore, I shal doon diligenceSkeat1900: 2470
  • That Palamon, that is thyn owne knight,
  • Edition: current; Page: [71]
  • Shal have his lady, as thou hast him hight.
  • Though Mars shal helpe his knight, yet nathelees
  • Bitwixe yow ther moot be som tyme pees,
  • Al be ye noght of o complexioun,Skeat1900: 2475
  • That causeth al day swich divisioun.
  • I am thin ayel, redy at thy wille;
  • Weep thou namore, I wol thy lust fulfille.’Skeat1900: (1620)
  • Now wol I stinten of the goddes above,
  • Of Mars, and of Venus, goddesse of love,Skeat1900: 2480
  • And telle yow, as pleynly as I can,
  • The grete effect, for which that I bigan.

Explicit tercia pars. Sequitur pars quarta.

  • Greet was the feste in Athenes that day,
  • And eek the lusty seson of that May
  • Made every wight to been in swich plesaunce,Skeat1900: 2485
  • That al that Monday Iusten they and daunce,
  • And spenden it in Venus heigh servyse.
  • But by the cause that they sholde ryseSkeat1900: (1630)
  • Erly, for to seen the grete fight,
  • Unto hir reste wente they at night.Skeat1900: 2490
  • And on the morwe, whan that day gan springe,
  • Of hors and harneys, noyse and clateringe
  • Ther was in hostelryes al aboute;
  • And to the paleys rood ther many a route
  • Of lordes, up-on stedes and palfreys.Skeat1900: 2495
  • Ther maystow seen devysing of herneys
  • So uncouth and so riche, and wroght so weel
  • Of goldsmithrie, of browding, and of steel;Skeat1900: (1640)
  • The sheeldes brighte, testers, and trappures;
  • Gold-hewen helmes, hauberks, cote-armures;Skeat1900: 2500
  • Lordes in paraments on hir courseres,
  • Knightes of retenue, and eek squyeres
  • Nailinge the speres, and helmes bokelinge,
  • Gigginge of sheeldes, with layneres lacinge;
  • Edition: current; Page: [72]
  • Ther as need is, they weren no-thing ydel;Skeat1900: 2505
  • The fomy stedes on the golden brydel
  • Gnawinge, and faste the armurers also
  • With fyle and hamer prikinge to and fro;Skeat1900: (1650)
  • Yemen on fote, and communes many oon
  • With shorte staves, thikke as they may goon;Skeat1900: 2510
  • Pypes, trompes, nakers, clariounes,
  • That in the bataille blowen blody sounes;
  • The paleys ful of peples up and doun,
  • Heer three, ther ten, holding hir questioun,
  • Divyninge of thise Thebane knightes two.Skeat1900: 2515
  • Somme seyden thus, somme seyde it shal be so;
  • Somme helden with him with the blake berd,
  • Somme with the balled, somme with the thikke-herd;Skeat1900: (1660)
  • Somme sayde, he loked grim and he wolde fighte;
  • He hath a sparth of twenty pound of wighte.Skeat1900: 2520
  • Thus was the halle ful of divyninge,
  • Longe after that the sonne gan to springe.
  • The grete Theseus, that of his sleep awaked
  • With minstralcye and noyse that was maked,
  • Held yet the chambre of his paleys riche,Skeat1900: 2525
  • Til that the Thebane knightes, bothe y-liche
  • Honoured, were into the paleys fet.
  • Duk Theseus was at a window set,Skeat1900: (1670)
  • Arrayed right as he were a god in trone.
  • The peple preesseth thider-ward ful soneSkeat1900: 2530
  • Him for to seen, and doon heigh reverence,
  • And eek to herkne his hest and his sentence.
  • An heraud on a scaffold made an ho,
  • Til al the noyse of the peple was y-do;
  • And whan he saugh the peple of noyse al stille,Skeat1900: 2535
  • Tho showed he the mighty dukes wille.
  • ‘The lord hath of his heigh discrecioun
  • Considered, that it were destrucciounSkeat1900: (1680)
  • To gentil blood, to fighten in the gyse
  • Of mortal bataille now in this empryse;Skeat1900: 2540
  • Wherfore, to shapen that they shul not dye,
  • Edition: current; Page: [73]
  • He wol his firste purpos modifye.
  • No man therfor, up peyne of los of lyf,
  • No maner shot, ne pollax, ne short knyf
  • Into the listes sende, or thider bringe;Skeat1900: 2545
  • Ne short swerd for to stoke, with poynt bytinge,
  • No man ne drawe, ne bere it by his syde.
  • Ne no man shal un-to his felawe rydeSkeat1900: (1690)
  • But o cours, with a sharp y-grounde spere;
  • Foyne, if him list, on fote, him-self to were.Skeat1900: 2550
  • And he that is at meschief, shal be take,
  • And noght slayn, but be brought un-to the stake
  • That shal ben ordeyned on either syde;
  • But thider he shal by force, and ther abyde.
  • And if so falle, the chieftayn be takeSkeat1900: 2555
  • On either syde, or elles slee his make,
  • No lenger shal the turneyinge laste.
  • God spede yow; goth forth, and ley on faste.Skeat1900: (1700)
  • With long swerd and with maces fight your fille.
  • Goth now your wey; this is the lordes wille.’Skeat1900: 2560
  • The voys of peple touchede the hevene,
  • So loude cryden they with mery stevene:
  • ‘God save swich a lord, that is so good,
  • He wilneth no destruccioun of blood!’
  • Up goon the trompes and the melodye.Skeat1900: 2565
  • And to the listes rit the companye
  • By ordinaunce, thurgh-out the citee large,
  • Hanged with cloth of gold, and nat with sarge.Skeat1900: (1710)
  • Ful lyk a lord this noble duk gan ryde,
  • Thise two Thebanes up-on either syde;Skeat1900: 2570
  • And after rood the quene, and Emelye,
  • And after that another companye
  • Of oon and other, after hir degree.
  • And thus they passen thurgh-out the citee,
  • And to the listes come they by tyme.Skeat1900: 2575
  • It nas not of the day yet fully pryme,
  • Whan set was Theseus ful riche and hye,
  • Edition: current; Page: [74]
  • Ipolita the quene and Emelye,Skeat1900: (1720)
  • And other ladies in degrees aboute.
  • Un-to the seetes preesseth al the route.Skeat1900: 2580
  • And west-ward, thurgh the gates under Marte,
  • Arcite, and eek the hundred of his parte,
  • With baner reed is entred right anon;
  • And in that selve moment Palamon
  • Is under Venus, est-ward in the place,Skeat1900: 2585
  • With baner whyt, and hardy chere and face.
  • In al the world, to seken up and doun,
  • So even with-outen variacioun,Skeat1900: (1730)
  • Ther nere swiche companyes tweye.
  • For ther nas noon so wys that coude seye,Skeat1900: 2590
  • That any hadde of other avauntage
  • Of worthinesse, ne of estaat, ne age,
  • So even were they chosen, for to gesse.
  • And in two renges faire they hem dresse.
  • Whan that hir names rad were everichoon,Skeat1900: 2595
  • That in hir nombre gyle were ther noon,
  • Tho were the gates shet, and cryed was loude:
  • ‘Do now your devoir, yonge knightes proude!’Skeat1900: (1740)
  • The heraudes lefte hir priking up and doun;
  • Now ringen trompes loude and clarioun;Skeat1900: 2600
  • Ther is namore to seyn, but west and est
  • In goon the speres ful sadly in arest;
  • In goth the sharpe spore in-to the syde.
  • Ther seen men who can Iuste, and who can ryde;
  • Ther shiveren shaftes up-on sheeldes thikke;Skeat1900: 2605
  • He feleth thurgh the herte-spoon the prikke.
  • Up springen speres twenty foot on highte;
  • Out goon the swerdes as the silver brighte.Skeat1900: (1750)
  • The helmes they to-hewen and to-shrede;
  • Out brest the blood, with sterne stremes rede.Skeat1900: 2610
  • With mighty maces the bones they to-breste.
  • He thurgh the thikkeste of the throng gan threste.
  • Ther stomblen stedes stronge, and doun goth al.
  • He rolleth under foot as dooth a bal.
  • He foyneth on his feet with his tronchoun,Skeat1900: 2615
  • Edition: current; Page: [75]
  • And he him hurtleth with his hors adoun.
  • He thurgh the body is hurt, and sithen y-take,
  • Maugree his heed, and broght un-to the stake,Skeat1900: (1760)
  • As forward was, right ther he moste abyde;
  • Another lad is on that other syde.Skeat1900: 2620
  • And som tyme dooth hem Theseus to reste,
  • Hem to refresshe, and drinken if hem leste.
  • Ful ofte a-day han thise Thebanes two
  • Togidre y-met, and wroght his felawe wo;
  • Unhorsed hath ech other of hem tweye.Skeat1900: 2625
  • Ther nas no tygre in the vale of Galgopheye,
  • Whan that hir whelp is stole, whan it is lyte,
  • So cruel on the hunte, as is ArciteSkeat1900: (1770)
  • For Ielous herte upon this Palamoun:
  • Ne in Belmarye ther nis so fel leoun,Skeat1900: 2630
  • That hunted is, or for his hunger wood,
  • Ne of his praye desireth so the blood,
  • As Palamon to sleen his fo Arcite.
  • The Ielous strokes on hir helmes byte;
  • Out renneth blood on bothe hir sydes rede.Skeat1900: 2635
  • Som tyme an ende ther is of every dede;
  • For er the sonne un-to the reste wente,
  • The stronge king Emetreus gan henteSkeat1900: (1780)
  • This Palamon, as he faught with Arcite,
  • And made his swerd depe in his flesh to byte;Skeat1900: 2640
  • And by the force of twenty is he take
  • Unyolden, and y-drawe unto the stake.
  • And in the rescous of this Palamoun
  • The stronge king Ligurge is born adoun;
  • And king Emetreus, for al his strengthe,Skeat1900: 2645
  • Is born out of his sadel a swerdes lengthe,
  • So hitte him Palamon er he were take;
  • But al for noght, he was broght to the stake.Skeat1900: (1790)
  • His hardy herte mighte him helpe naught;
  • He moste abyde, whan that he was caughtSkeat1900: 2650
  • By force, and eek by composicioun.
  • Who sorweth now but woful Palamoun,
  • That moot namore goon agayn to fighte?
  • Edition: current; Page: [76]
  • And whan that Theseus had seyn this sighte,
  • Un-to the folk that foghten thus echoonSkeat1900: 2655
  • He cryde, ‘Ho! namore, for it is doon!
  • I wol be trewe Iuge, and no partye.
  • Arcite of Thebes shal have Emelye,Skeat1900: (1800)
  • That by his fortune hath hir faire y-wonne.’
  • Anon ther is a noyse of peple bigonneSkeat1900: 2660
  • For Ioye of this, so loude and heigh with-alle,
  • It semed that the listes sholde falle.
  • What can now faire Venus doon above?
  • What seith she now? what dooth this quene of love?
  • But wepeth so, for wanting of hir wille,Skeat1900: 2665
  • Til that hir teres in the listes fille;
  • She seyde: ‘I am ashamed, doutelees.’
  • Saturnus seyde: ‘Doghter, hold thy pees.Skeat1900: (1810)
  • Mars hath his wille, his knight hath al his bone,
  • And, by myn heed, thou shalt ben esed sone.’Skeat1900: 2670
  • The trompes, with the loude minstralcye,
  • The heraudes, that ful loude yolle and crye,
  • Been in hir wele for Ioye of daun Arcite.
  • But herkneth me, and stinteth now a lyte,
  • Which a miracle ther bifel anon.Skeat1900: 2675
  • This fierse Arcite hath of his helm y-don,
  • And on a courser, for to shewe his face,
  • He priketh endelong the large place,Skeat1900: (1820)
  • Loking upward up-on this Emelye;
  • And she agayn him caste a freendlich ye,Skeat1900: 2680
  • (For wommen, as to speken in comune,
  • They folwen al the favour of fortune),
  • And she was al his chere, as in his herte.
  • Out of the ground a furie infernal sterte,
  • From Pluto sent, at requeste of Saturne,Skeat1900: 2685
  • For which his hors for fere gan to turne,
  • And leep asyde, and foundred as he leep;
  • And, er that Arcite may taken keep,Skeat1900: (1830)
  • He pighte him on the pomel of his heed,
  • Edition: current; Page: [77]
  • That in the place he lay as he were deed,Skeat1900: 2690
  • His brest to-brosten with his sadel-bowe.
  • As blak he lay as any cole or crowe,
  • So was the blood y-ronnen in his face.
  • Anon he was y-born out of the place
  • With herte soor, to Theseus paleys.Skeat1900: 2695
  • Tho was he corven out of his harneys,
  • And in a bed y-brought ful faire and blyve,
  • For he was yet in memorie and alyve,Skeat1900: (1840)
  • And alway crying after Emelye.
  • Duk Theseus, with al his companye,Skeat1900: 2700
  • Is comen hoom to Athenes his citee,
  • With alle blisse and greet solempnitee.
  • Al be it that this aventure was falle,
  • He nolde noght disconforten hem alle.
  • Men seyde eek, that Arcite shal nat dye;Skeat1900: 2705
  • He shal ben heled of his maladye.
  • And of another thing they were as fayn,
  • That of hem alle was ther noon y-slayn,Skeat1900: (1850)
  • Al were they sore y-hurt, and namely oon,
  • That with a spere was thirled his brest-boon.Skeat1900: 2710
  • To othere woundes, and to broken armes,
  • Some hadden slaves, and some hadden charmes;
  • Fermacies of herbes, and eek save
  • They dronken, for they wolde hir limes have.
  • For which this noble duk, as he wel can,Skeat1900: 2715
  • Conforteth and honoureth every man,
  • And made revel al the longe night,
  • Un-to the straunge lordes, as was right.Skeat1900: (1860)
  • Ne ther was holden no disconfitinge,
  • But as a Iustes or a tourneyinge;Skeat1900: 2720
  • For soothly ther was no disconfiture,
  • For falling nis nat but an aventure;
  • Ne to be lad with fors un-to the stake
  • Unyolden, and with twenty knightes take,
  • O persone allone, with-outen mo,Skeat1900: 2725
  • And haried forth by arme, foot, and to,
  • And eek his stede driven forth with staves,
  • Edition: current; Page: [78]
  • With footmen, bothe yemen and eek knaves,Skeat1900: (1870)
  • It nas aretted him no vileinye,
  • Ther may no man clepen it cowardye.Skeat1900: 2730
  • For which anon duk Theseus leet crye,
  • To stinten alle rancour and envye,
  • The gree as wel of o syde as of other,
  • And either syde y-lyk, as otheres brother;
  • And yaf hem yiftes after hir degree,Skeat1900: 2735
  • And fully heeld a feste dayes three;
  • And conveyed the kinges worthily
  • Out of his toun a Iournee largely.Skeat1900: (1880)
  • And hoom wente every man the righte way.
  • Ther was namore, but ‘far wel, have good day!’Skeat1900: 2740
  • Of this bataille I wol namore endyte,
  • But speke of Palamon and of Arcite.
  • Swelleth the brest of Arcite, and the sore
  • Encreesseth at his herte more and more.
  • The clothered blood, for any lechecraft,Skeat1900: 2745
  • Corrupteth, and is in his bouk y-laft,
  • That neither veyne-blood, ne ventusinge,
  • Ne drinke of herbes may ben his helpinge.Skeat1900: (1890)
  • The vertu expulsif, or animal,
  • Fro thilke vertu cleped naturalSkeat1900: 2750
  • Ne may the venim voyden, ne expelle.
  • The pypes of his longes gonne to swelle,
  • And every lacerte in his brest adoun
  • Is shent with venim and corrupcioun.
  • Him gayneth neither, for to gete his lyf,Skeat1900: 2755
  • Vomyt upward, ne dounward laxatif;
  • Al is to-brosten thilke regioun,
  • Nature hath now no dominacioun.Skeat1900: (1900)
  • And certeinly, ther nature wol nat wirche,
  • Far-wel, phisyk! go ber the man to chirche!Skeat1900: 2760
  • This al and som, that Arcita mot dye,
  • For which he sendeth after Emelye,
  • And Palamon, that was his cosin dere;
  • Than seyde he thus, as ye shul after here.
  • ‘Naught may the woful spirit in myn herteSkeat1900: 2765
  • Edition: current; Page: [79]
  • Declare o poynt of alle my sorwes smerte
  • To yow, my lady, that I love most;
  • But I biquethe the service of my gostSkeat1900: (1910)
  • To yow aboven every creature,
  • Sin that my lyf may no lenger dure.Skeat1900: 2770
  • Allas, the wo! allas, the peynes stronge,
  • That I for yow have suffred, and so longe!
  • Allas, the deeth! allas, myn Emelye!
  • Allas, departing of our companye!
  • Allas, myn hertes quene! allas, my wyf!Skeat1900: 2775
  • Myn hertes lady, endere of my lyf!
  • What is this world? what asketh men to have?
  • Now with his love, now in his colde graveSkeat1900: (1920)
  • Allone, with-outen any companye.
  • Far-wel, my swete fo! myn Emelye!Skeat1900: 2780
  • And softe tak me in your armes tweye,
  • For love of God, and herkneth what I seye.
  • I have heer with my cosin Palamon
  • Had stryf and rancour, many a day a-gon,
  • For love of yow, and for my Ielousye.Skeat1900: 2785
  • And Iupiter so wis my soule gye,
  • To speken of a servant proprely,
  • With alle circumstaunces trewely,Skeat1900: (1930)
  • That is to seyn, trouthe, honour, and knighthede,
  • Wisdom, humblesse, estaat, and heigh kinrede,Skeat1900: 2790
  • Fredom, and al that longeth to that art,
  • So Iupiter have of my soule part,
  • As in this world right now ne knowe I non
  • So worthy to ben loved as Palamon,
  • That serveth yow, and wol don al his lyf.Skeat1900: 2795
  • And if that ever ye shul been a wyf,
  • Foryet nat Palamon, the gentil man.’
  • And with that word his speche faille gan,Skeat1900: (1940)
  • For from his feet up to his brest was come
  • The cold of deeth, that hadde him overcome.Skeat1900: 2800
  • And yet more-over, in his armes two
  • Edition: current; Page: [80]
  • The vital strengthe is lost, and al ago.
  • Only the intellect, with-outen more,
  • That dwelled in his herte syk and sore,
  • Gan faillen, when the herte felte deeth,Skeat1900: 2805
  • Dusked his eyen two, and failled breeth.
  • But on his lady yet caste he his ye;
  • His laste word was, ‘mercy, Emelye!’Skeat1900: (1950)
  • His spirit chaunged hous, and wente ther,
  • As I cam never, I can nat tellen wher.Skeat1900: 2810
  • Therfor I stinte, I nam no divinistre;
  • Of soules finde I nat in this registre,
  • Ne me ne list thilke opiniouns to telle
  • Of hem, though that they wryten wher they dwelle.
  • Arcite is cold, ther Mars his soule gye;Skeat1900: 2815
  • Now wol I speken forth of Emelye.
  • Shrighte Emelye, and howleth Palamon,
  • And Theseus his suster took anonSkeat1900: (1960)
  • Swowninge, and bar hir fro the corps away.
  • What helpeth it to tarien forth the day,Skeat1900: 2820
  • To tellen how she weep, bothe eve and morwe?
  • For in swich cas wommen have swich sorwe,
  • Whan that hir housbonds been from hem ago,
  • That for the more part they sorwen so,
  • Or elles fallen in swich maladye,Skeat1900: 2825
  • That at the laste certeinly they dye.
  • Infinite been the sorwes and the teres
  • Of olde folk, and folk of tendre yeres,Skeat1900: (1970)
  • In al the toun, for deeth of this Theban;
  • For him ther wepeth bothe child and man;Skeat1900: 2830
  • So greet a weping was ther noon, certayn,
  • Whan Ector was y-broght, al fresh y-slayn,
  • To Troye; allas! the pitee that was ther,
  • Cracching of chekes, rending eek of heer.
  • ‘Why woldestow be deed,’ thise wommen crye,Skeat1900: 2835
  • ‘And haddest gold y-nough, and Emelye?’
  • No man mighte gladen Theseus,
  • Savinge his olde fader Egeus,Skeat1900: (1980)
  • Edition: current; Page: [81]
  • That knew this worldes transmutacioun,
  • As he had seyn it chaungen up and doun,Skeat1900: 2840
  • Ioye after wo, and wo after gladnesse:
  • And shewed hem ensamples and lyknesse.
  • ‘Right as ther deyed never man,’ quod he,
  • ‘That he ne livede in erthe in som degree,
  • Right so ther livede never man,’ he seyde,Skeat1900: 2845
  • ‘In al this world, that som tyme he ne deyde.
  • This world nis but a thurghfare ful of wo,
  • And we ben pilgrimes, passinge to and fro;Skeat1900: (1990)
  • Deeth is an ende of every worldly sore.’
  • And over al this yet seyde he muchel moreSkeat1900: 2850
  • To this effect, ful wysly to enhorte
  • The peple, that they sholde hem reconforte.
  • Duk Theseus, with al his bisy cure,
  • Caste now wher that the sepulture
  • Of good Arcite may best y-maked be,Skeat1900: 2855
  • And eek most honurable in his degree.
  • And at the laste he took conclusioun,
  • That ther as first Arcite and PalamounSkeat1900: (2000)
  • Hadden for love the bataille hem bitwene,
  • That in that selve grove, swote and grene,Skeat1900: 2860
  • Ther as he hadde his amorous desires,
  • His compleynt, and for love his hote fires,
  • He wolde make a fyr, in which thoffice
  • Funeral he mighte al accomplice;
  • And leet comaunde anon to hakke and heweSkeat1900: 2865
  • The okes olde, and leye hem on a rewe
  • In colpons wel arrayed for to brenne;
  • His officers with swifte feet they renneSkeat1900: (2010)
  • And ryde anon at his comaundement.
  • And after this, Theseus hath y-sentSkeat1900: 2870
  • After a bere, and it al over-spradde
  • With cloth of gold, the richest that he hadde.
  • And of the same suyte he cladde Arcite;
  • Upon his hondes hadde he gloves whyte;
  • Edition: current; Page: [82]
  • Eek on his heed a croune of laurer grene,Skeat1900: 2875
  • And in his hond a swerd ful bright and kene.
  • He leyde him bare the visage on the bere,
  • Therwith he weep that pitee was to here.Skeat1900: (2020)
  • And for the peple sholde seen him alle,
  • Whan it was day, he broghte him to the halle,Skeat1900: 2880
  • That roreth of the crying and the soun.
  • Tho cam this woful Theban Palamoun,
  • With flotery berd, and ruggy asshy heres,
  • In clothes blake, y-dropped al with teres;
  • And, passing othere of weping, Emelye,Skeat1900: 2885
  • The rewfulleste of al the companye.
  • In as muche as the service sholde be
  • The more noble and riche in his degree,Skeat1900: (2030)
  • Duk Theseus leet forth three stedes bringe,
  • That trapped were in steel al gliteringe,Skeat1900: 2890
  • And covered with the armes of daun Arcite.
  • Up-on thise stedes, that weren grete and whyte,
  • Ther seten folk, of which oon bar his sheeld,
  • Another his spere up in his hondes heeld;
  • The thridde bar with him his bowe Turkeys,Skeat1900: 2895
  • Of brend gold was the cas, and eek the harneys;
  • And riden forth a pas with sorweful chere
  • Toward the grove, as ye shul after here.Skeat1900: (2040)
  • The nobleste of the Grekes that ther were
  • Upon hir shuldres carieden the bere,Skeat1900: 2900
  • With slakke pas, and eyen rede and wete,
  • Thurgh-out the citee, by the maister-strete,
  • That sprad was al with blak, and wonder hye
  • Right of the same is al the strete y-wrye.
  • Up-on the right hond wente old Egeus,Skeat1900: 2905
  • And on that other syde duk Theseus,
  • With vessels in hir hand of gold ful fyn,
  • Al ful of hony, milk, and blood, and wyn;Skeat1900: (2050)
  • Eek Palamon, with ful greet companye;
  • And after that cam woful Emelye,Skeat1900: 2910
  • With fyr in honde, as was that tyme the gyse,
  • Edition: current; Page: [83]
  • To do thoffice of funeral servyse.
  • Heigh labour, and ful greet apparaillinge
  • Was at the service and the fyr-makinge,
  • That with his grene top the heven raughte,Skeat1900: 2915
  • And twenty fadme of brede the armes straughte;
  • This is to seyn, the bowes were so brode.
  • Of stree first ther was leyd ful many a lode.Skeat1900: (2060)
  • But how the fyr was maked up on highte,
  • And eek the names how the trees highte,Skeat1900: 2920
  • As ook, firre, birch, asp, alder, holm, popler,
  • Wilow, elm, plane, ash, box, chasteyn, lind, laurer,
  • Mapul, thorn, beech, hasel, ew, whippeltree,
  • How they weren feld, shal nat be told for me;
  • Ne how the goddes ronnen up and doun,Skeat1900: 2925
  • Disherited of hir habitacioun,
  • In which they woneden in reste and pees,
  • Nymphes, Faunes, and Amadrides;Skeat1900: (2070)
  • Ne how the bestes and the briddes alle
  • Fledden for fere, whan the wode was falle;Skeat1900: 2930
  • Ne how the ground agast was of the light,
  • That was nat wont to seen the sonne bright;
  • Ne how the fyr was couched first with stree,
  • And than with drye stokkes cloven a three,
  • And than with grene wode and spycerye,Skeat1900: 2935
  • And than with cloth of gold and with perrye,
  • And gerlandes hanging with ful many a flour,
  • The mirre, thencens, with al so greet odour;Skeat1900: (2080)
  • Ne how Arcite lay among al this,
  • Ne what richesse aboute his body is;Skeat1900: 2940
  • Ne how that Emelye, as was the gyse,
  • Putte in the fyr of funeral servyse;
  • Ne how she swowned whan men made the fyr,
  • Ne what she spak, ne what was hir desyr;
  • Ne what Ieweles men in the fyr tho caste,Skeat1900: 2945
  • Whan that the fyr was greet and brente faste;
  • Ne how som caste hir sheeld, and som hir spere,
  • Edition: current; Page: [84]
  • And of hir vestiments, whiche that they were,Skeat1900: (2090)
  • And cuppes ful of wyn, and milk, and blood,
  • Into the fyr, that brente as it were wood;Skeat1900: 2950
  • Ne how the Grekes with an huge route
  • Thryes riden al the fyr aboute
  • Up-on the left hand, with a loud shoutinge,
  • And thryes with hir speres clateringe;
  • And thryës how the ladies gonne crye;Skeat1900: 2955
  • Ne how that lad was hom-ward Emelye;
  • Ne how Arcite is brent to asshen colde;
  • Ne how that liche-wake was y-holdeSkeat1900: (2100)
  • Al thilke night, ne how the Grekes pleye
  • The wake-pleyes, ne kepe I nat to seye;Skeat1900: 2960
  • Who wrastleth best naked, with oille enoynt,
  • Ne who that bar him best, in no disioynt.
  • I wol nat tellen eek how that they goon
  • Hoom til Athenes, whan the pley is doon;
  • But shortly to the poynt than wol I wende,Skeat1900: 2965
  • And maken of my longe tale an ende.
  • By processe and by lengthe of certeyn yeres
  • Al stinted is the moorning and the teresSkeat1900: (2110)
  • Of Grekes, by oon general assent.
  • Than semed me ther was a parlementSkeat1900: 2970
  • At Athenes, up-on certeyn poynts and cas;
  • Among the whiche poynts y-spoken was
  • To have with certeyn contrees alliaunce,
  • And have fully of Thebans obeisaunce.
  • For which this noble Theseus anonSkeat1900: 2975
  • Leet senden after gentil Palamon,
  • Unwist of him what was the cause and why;
  • But in his blake clothes sorwefullySkeat1900: (2120)
  • He cam at his comaundement in hye.
  • Tho sente Theseus for Emelye.Skeat1900: 2980
  • Whan they were set, and hust was al the place,
  • And Theseus abiden hadde a space
  • Er any word cam from his wyse brest,
  • His eyen sette he ther as was his lest,
  • Edition: current; Page: [85]
  • And with a sad visage he syked stille,Skeat1900: 2985
  • And after that right thus he seyde his wille.
  • ‘The firste moevere of the cause above,
  • Whan he first made the faire cheyne of love,Skeat1900: (2130)
  • Greet was theffect, and heigh was his entente;
  • Wel wiste he why, and what ther-of he mente;Skeat1900: 2990
  • For with that faire cheyne of love he bond
  • The fyr, the eyr, the water, and the lond
  • In certeyn boundes, that they may nat flee;
  • That same prince and that moevere,’ quod he,
  • ‘Hath stablissed, in this wrecched world adoun,Skeat1900: 2995
  • Certeyne dayes and duracioun
  • To al that is engendred in this place,
  • Over the whiche day they may nat pace,Skeat1900: (2140)
  • Al mowe they yet tho dayes wel abregge;
  • Ther needeth non auctoritee allegge,Skeat1900: 3000
  • For it is preved by experience,
  • But that me list declaren my sentence.
  • Than may men by this ordre wel discerne,
  • That thilke moevere stable is and eterne.
  • Wel may men knowe, but it be a fool,Skeat1900: 3005
  • That every part deryveth from his hool.
  • For nature hath nat take his beginning
  • Of no partye ne cantel of a thing,Skeat1900: (2150)
  • But of a thing that parfit is and stable,
  • Descending so, til it be corrumpable.Skeat1900: 3010
  • And therefore, of his wyse purveyaunce,
  • He hath so wel biset his ordinaunce,
  • That speces of thinges and progressiouns
  • Shullen enduren by successiouns,
  • And nat eterne be, with-oute lye:Skeat1900: 3015
  • This maistow understonde and seen at eye.
  • ‘Lo the ook, that hath so long a norisshinge
  • From tyme that it first biginneth springe,Skeat1900: (2160)
  • Edition: current; Page: [86]
  • And hath so long a lyf, as we may see,
  • Yet at the laste wasted is the tree.Skeat1900: 3020
  • ‘Considereth eek, how that the harde stoon
  • Under our feet, on which we trede and goon,
  • Yit wasteth it, as it lyth by the weye.
  • The brode river somtyme wexeth dreye.
  • The grete tounes see we wane and wende.Skeat1900: 3025
  • Than may ye see that al this thing hath ende.
  • ‘Of man and womman seen we wel also,
  • That nedeth, in oon of thise termes two,Skeat1900: (2170)
  • This is to seyn, in youthe or elles age,
  • He moot ben deed, the king as shal a page;Skeat1900: 3030
  • Som in his bed, som in the depe see,
  • Som in the large feeld, as men may se;
  • Ther helpeth noght, al goth that ilke weye.
  • Thanne may I seyn that al this thing moot deye.
  • What maketh this but Iupiter the king?Skeat1900: 3035
  • The which is prince and cause of alle thing,
  • Converting al un-to his propre welle,
  • From which it is deryved, sooth to telle.Skeat1900: (2180)
  • And here-agayns no creature on lyve
  • Of no degree availleth for to stryve.Skeat1900: 3040
  • ‘Thanne is it wisdom, as it thinketh me,
  • To maken vertu of necessitee,
  • And take it wel, that we may nat eschue,
  • And namely that to us alle is due.
  • And who-so gruccheth ought, he dooth folye,Skeat1900: 3045
  • And rebel is to him that al may gye.
  • And certeinly a man hath most honour
  • To dyen in his excellence and flour,Skeat1900: (2190)
  • Whan he is siker of his gode name;
  • Than hath he doon his freend, ne him, no shame.Skeat1900: 3050
  • And gladder oghte his freend ben of his deeth,
  • Whan with honour up-yolden is his breeth,
  • Than whan his name apalled is for age;
  • For al forgeten is his vasselage.
  • Than is it best, as for a worthy fame,Skeat1900: 3055
  • To dyen whan that he is best of name.
  • Edition: current; Page: [87]
  • The contrarie of al this is wilfulnesse.
  • Why grucchen we? why have we hevinesse,Skeat1900: (2200)
  • That good Arcite, of chivalrye flour
  • Departed is, with duetee and honour,Skeat1900: 3060
  • Out of this foule prison of this lyf?
  • Why grucchen heer his cosin and his wyf
  • Of his wel-fare that loved hem so weel?
  • Can he hem thank? nay, God wot, never a deel,
  • That bothe his soule and eek hem-self offende,Skeat1900: 3065
  • And yet they mowe hir lustes nat amende.
  • ‘What may I conclude of this longe serie,
  • But, after wo, I rede us to be merie,Skeat1900: (2210)
  • And thanken Iupiter of al his grace?
  • And, er that we departen from this place,Skeat1900: 3070
  • I rede that we make, of sorwes two,
  • O parfyt Ioye, lasting ever-mo;
  • And loketh now, wher most sorwe is her-inne,
  • Ther wol we first amenden and biginne.
  • ‘Suster,’ quod he, ‘this is my fulle assent,Skeat1900: 3075
  • With al thavys heer of my parlement,
  • That gentil Palamon, your owne knight,
  • That serveth yow with wille, herte, and might,Skeat1900: (2220)
  • And ever hath doon, sin that ye first him knewe,
  • That ye shul, of your grace, up-on him rewe,Skeat1900: 3080
  • And taken him for housbonde and for lord:
  • Leen me your hond, for this is our acord.
  • Lat see now of your wommanly pitee.
  • He is a kinges brother sone, pardee;
  • And, though he were a povre bacheler,Skeat1900: 3085
  • Sin he hath served yow so many a yeer,
  • And had for yow so greet adversitee,
  • It moste been considered, leveth me;Skeat1900: (2230)
  • For gentil mercy oghte to passen right.’
  • Than seyde he thus to Palamon ful right;Skeat1900: 3090
  • ‘I trowe ther nedeth litel sermoning
  • To make yow assente to this thing.
  • Com neer, and tak your lady by the hond.’
  • Edition: current; Page: [88]
  • Bitwixen hem was maad anon the bond,
  • That highte matrimoine or mariage,Skeat1900: 3095
  • By al the counseil and the baronage.
  • And thus with alle blisse and melodye
  • Hath Palamon y-wedded Emelye.Skeat1900: (2240)
  • And God, that al this wyde world hath wroght,
  • Sende him his love, that hath it dere a-boght.Skeat1900: 3100
  • For now is Palamon in alle wele,
  • Living in blisse, in richesse, and in hele;
  • And Emelye him loveth so tendrely,
  • And he hir serveth al-so gentilly,
  • That never was ther no word hem bitweneSkeat1900: 3105
  • Of Ielousye, or any other tene.
  • Thus endeth Palamon and Emelye;
  • And God save al this faire companye!—Amen.Skeat1900: (2250)

Here is ended the Knightes Tale.

Edition: current; Page: [89]

THE MILLER’S PROLOGUE.

Here folwen the wordes bitwene the Host and the Millere.

  • WHAN that the Knight had thus his tale y-told,
  • In al the route nas ther yong ne oldSkeat1900: 3110
  • That he ne seyde it was a noble storie,
  • And worthy for to drawen to memorie;
  • And namely the gentils everichoon.
  • Our Hoste lough and swoor, ‘so moot I goon,
  • This gooth aright; unbokeled is the male;Skeat1900: 3115
  • Lat see now who shal telle another tale:
  • For trewely, the game is wel bigonne.
  • Now telleth ye, sir Monk, if that ye conne,Skeat1900: (10)
  • Sumwhat, to quyte with the Knightes tale.’
  • The Miller, that for-dronken was al pale,Skeat1900: 3120
  • So that unnethe up-on his hors he sat,
  • He nolde avalen neither hood ne hat,
  • Ne abyde no man for his curteisye,
  • But in Pilates vois he gan to crye,
  • And swoor by armes and by blood and bones,Skeat1900: 3125
  • ‘I can a noble tale for the nones,
  • With which I wol now quyte the Knightes tale.’
  • Our Hoste saugh that he was dronke of ale,Skeat1900: (20)
  • And seyde: ‘abyd, Robin, my leve brother,
  • Som bettre man shal telle us first another:Skeat1900: 3130
  • Abyd, and lat us werken thriftily.’
  • Edition: current; Page: [90]
  • ‘By goddes soul,’ quod he, ‘that wol nat I;
  • For I wol speke, or elles go my wey.’
  • Our Hoste answerde: ‘tel on, a devel wey!
  • Thou art a fool, thy wit is overcome.’Skeat1900: 3135
  • ‘Now herkneth,’ quod the Miller, ‘alle and some!
  • But first I make a protestacioun
  • That I am dronke, I knowe it by my soun;Skeat1900: (30)
  • And therfore, if that I misspeke or seye,
  • Wyte it the ale of Southwerk, I yow preye;Skeat1900: 3140
  • For I wol telle a legende and a lyf
  • Bothe of a Carpenter, and of his wyf,
  • How that a clerk hath set the wrightes cappe.’
  • The Reve answerde and seyde, ‘stint thy clappe,
  • Lat be thy lewed dronken harlotrye.Skeat1900: 3145
  • It is a sinne and eek a greet folye
  • To apeiren any man, or him diffame,
  • And eek to bringen wyves in swich fame.Skeat1900: (40)
  • Thou mayst y-nogh of othere thinges seyn.’
  • This dronken Miller spak ful sone ageyn,Skeat1900: 3150
  • And seyde, ‘leve brother Osewold,
  • Who hath no wyf, he is no cokewold.
  • But I sey nat therfore that thou art oon;
  • Ther been ful gode wyves many oon,Skeat1900: 3154
  • And ever a thousand gode ayeyns oon badde, [T. om.
  • That knowestow wel thy-self, but-if thou madde. [T. om.
  • Why artow angry with my tale now?
  • I have a wyf, pardee, as well as thou,Skeat1900: (50)
  • Yet nolde I, for the oxen in my plogh,
  • Taken up-on me more than y-nogh,Skeat1900: 3160
  • As demen of my-self that I were oon;
  • I wol beleve wel that I am noon.
  • An housbond shal nat been inquisitif
  • Of goddes privetee, nor of his wyf.
  • So he may finde goddes foyson there,Skeat1900: 3165
  • Of the remenant nedeth nat enquere.’
  • Edition: current; Page: [91]
  • What sholde I more seyn, but this Millere
  • He nolde his wordes for no man forbere,Skeat1900: (60)
  • But tolde his cherles tale in his manere;
  • Me thinketh that I shal reherce it here.Skeat1900: 3170
  • And ther-fore every gentil wight I preye,
  • For goddes love, demeth nat that I seye
  • Of evel entente, but that I moot reherce
  • Hir tales alle, be they bettre or werse,
  • Or elles falsen som of my matere.Skeat1900: 3175
  • And therfore, who-so list it nat y-here,
  • Turne over the leef, and chese another tale;
  • For he shal finde y-nowe, grete and smale,Skeat1900: (70)
  • Of storial thing that toucheth gentillesse,
  • And eek moralitee and holinesse;Skeat1900: 3180
  • Blameth nat me if that ye chese amis.
  • The Miller is a cherl, ye knowe wel this;
  • So was the Reve, and othere many mo,
  • And harlotrye they tolden bothe two.
  • Avyseth yow and putte me out of blame;Skeat1900: 3185
  • And eek men shal nat make ernest of game.

Here endeth the prologe.

Edition: current; Page: [92]

THE MILLERES TALE.

Here biginneth the Millere his tale.

  • WHYLOM ther was dwellinge at Oxenford
  • A riche gnof, that gestes heeld to bord,
  • And of his craft he was a Carpenter.
  • With him ther was dwellinge a povre scoler,Skeat1900: 3190
  • Had lerned art, but al his fantasye
  • Was turned for to lerne astrologye,
  • And coude a certeyn of conclusiouns
  • To demen by interrogaciouns,
  • If that men axed him in certein houres,Skeat1900: 3195
  • Whan that men sholde have droghte or elles shoures,Skeat1900: (10)
  • Or if men axed him what sholde bifalle
  • Of every thing, I may nat rekene hem alle.
  • This clerk was cleped hende Nicholas;
  • Of derne love he coude and of solas;Skeat1900: 3200
  • And ther-to he was sleigh and ful privee,
  • And lyk a mayden meke for to see.
  • A chambre hadde he in that hostelrye
  • Allone, with-outen any companye,
  • Ful fetisly y-dight with herbes swote;Skeat1900: 3205
  • And he him-self as swete as is the roteSkeat1900: (20)
  • Of licorys, or any cetewale.
  • His Almageste and bokes grete and smale,
  • His astrelabie, longinge for his art,
  • His augrim-stones layen faire a-partSkeat1900: 3210
  • On shelves couched at his beddes heed:
  • His presse y-covered with a falding reed.
  • And al above ther lay a gay sautrye,
  • On which he made a nightes melodye
  • Edition: current; Page: [93]
  • So swetely, that al the chambre rong;Skeat1900: 3215
  • And Angelus ad virginem he song;Skeat1900: (30)
  • And after that he song the kinges note;
  • Ful often blessed was his mery throte.
  • And thus this swete clerk his tyme spente
  • After his freendes finding and his rente.Skeat1900: 3220
  • This Carpenter had wedded newe a wyf
  • Which that he lovede more than his lyf;
  • Of eightetene yeer she was of age.
  • Ialous he was, and heeld hir narwe in cage,
  • For she was wilde and yong, and he was oldSkeat1900: 3225
  • And demed him-self ben lyk a cokewold.Skeat1900: (40)
  • He knew nat Catoun, for his wit was rude,
  • That bad man sholde wedde his similitude.
  • Men sholde wedden after hir estaat,
  • For youthe and elde is often at debaat.Skeat1900: 3230
  • But sith that he was fallen in the snare,
  • He moste endure, as other folk, his care.
  • Fair was this yonge wyf, and ther-with-al
  • As any wesele hir body gent and smal.
  • A ceynt she werede barred al of silk,Skeat1900: 3235
  • A barmclooth eek as whyt as morne milkSkeat1900: (50)
  • Up-on hir lendes, ful of many a gore.
  • Whyt was hir smok, and brouded al bifore
  • And eek bihinde, on hir coler aboute,
  • Of col-blak silk, with-inne and eek with-oute.Skeat1900: 3240
  • The tapes of hir whyte voluper
  • Were of the same suyte of hir coler;
  • Hir filet brood of silk, and set ful hye:
  • And sikerly she hadde a likerous yë.
  • Ful smale y-pulled were hir browes two,Skeat1900: 3245
  • And tho were bent, and blake as any sloo.Skeat1900: (60)
  • She was ful more blisful on to see
  • Than is the newe pere-ionette tree;
  • And softer than the wolle is of a wether.
  • And by hir girdel heeng a purs of letherSkeat1900: 3250
  • Edition: current; Page: [94]
  • Tasseld with silk, and perled with latoun.
  • In al this world, to seken up and doun,
  • There nis no man so wys, that coude thenche
  • So gay a popelote, or swich a wenche.
  • Ful brighter was the shyning of hir heweSkeat1900: 3255
  • Than in the tour the noble y-forged newe.Skeat1900: (70)
  • But of hir song, it was as loude and yerne
  • As any swalwe sittinge on a berne.
  • Ther-to she coude skippe and make game,
  • As any kide or calf folwinge his dame.Skeat1900: 3260
  • Hir mouth was swete as bragot or the meeth,
  • Or hord of apples leyd in hey or heeth.
  • Winsinge she was, as is a Ioly colt,
  • Long as a mast, and upright as a bolt.
  • A brooch she baar up-on hir lowe coler,Skeat1900: 3265
  • As brood as is the bos of a bocler.Skeat1900: (80)
  • Hir shoes were laced on hir legges hye;
  • She was a prymerole, a pigges-nye
  • For any lord to leggen in his bedde,
  • Or yet for any good yeman to wedde.Skeat1900: 3270
  • Now sire, and eft sire, so bifel the cas,
  • That on a day this hende Nicholas
  • Fil with this yonge wyf to rage and pleye,
  • Whyl that hir housbond was at Oseneye,
  • As clerkes ben ful subtile and ful queynte;Skeat1900: 3275
  • And prively he caughte hir by the queynte,Skeat1900: (90)
  • And seyde, ‘y-wis, but if ich have my wille,
  • For derne love of thee, lemman, I spille.’
  • And heeld hir harde by the haunche-bones,
  • And seyde, ‘lemman, love me al at-ones,Skeat1900: 3280
  • Or I wol dyen, also god me save!’
  • And she sprong as a colt doth in the trave,
  • And with hir heed she wryed faste awey,
  • And seyde, ‘I wol nat kisse thee, by my fey,
  • Why, lat be,’ quod she, ‘lat be, Nicholas,Skeat1900: 3285
  • Edition: current; Page: [95]
  • Or I wol crye out “harrow” and “allas.”Skeat1900: (100)
  • Do wey your handes for your curteisye!’
  • This Nicholas gan mercy for to crye,
  • And spak so faire, and profred hir so faste,
  • That she hir love him graunted atte laste,Skeat1900: 3290
  • And swoor hir ooth, by seint Thomas of Kent,
  • That she wol been at his comandement,
  • Whan that she may hir leyser wel espye.
  • ‘Myn housbond is so ful of Ialousye,
  • That but ye wayte wel and been privee,Skeat1900: 3295
  • I woot right wel I nam but deed,’ quod she.Skeat1900: (110)
  • ‘Ye moste been ful derne, as in this cas.’
  • ‘Nay ther-of care thee noght,’ quod Nicholas,
  • ‘A clerk had litherly biset his whyle,
  • But-if he coude a Carpenter bigyle.’Skeat1900: 3300
  • And thus they been acorded and y-sworn
  • To wayte a tyme, as I have told biforn.
  • Whan Nicholas had doon thus everydeel,
  • And thakked hir aboute the lendes weel,
  • He kist hir swete, and taketh his sautrye,Skeat1900: 3305
  • And pleyeth faste, and maketh melodye.Skeat1900: (120)
  • Than fil it thus, that to the parish-chirche,
  • Cristes owne werkes for to wirche,
  • This gode wyf wente on an haliday;
  • Hir forheed shoon as bright as any day,Skeat1900: 3310
  • So was it wasshen whan she leet hir werk.
  • Now was ther of that chirche a parish-clerk,
  • The which that was y-cleped Absolon.
  • Crul was his heer, and as the gold it shoon,
  • And strouted as a fanne large and brode;Skeat1900: 3315
  • Ful streight and even lay his Ioly shode.Skeat1900: (130)
  • His rode was reed, his eyen greye as goos;
  • With Powles window corven on his shoos,
  • In hoses rede he wente fetisly.
  • Y-clad he was ful smal and proprely,Skeat1900: 3320
  • Al in a kirtel of a light wachet;
  • Ful faire and thikke been the poyntes set.
  • Edition: current; Page: [96]
  • And ther-up-on he hadde a gay surplys
  • As whyt as is the blosme up-on the rys.
  • A mery child he was, so god me save,Skeat1900: 3325
  • Wel coude he laten blood and clippe and shave,Skeat1900: (140)
  • And make a chartre of lond or acquitaunce.
  • In twenty manere coude he trippe and daunce
  • After the scole of Oxenforde tho,
  • And with his legges casten to and fro,Skeat1900: 3330
  • And pleyen songes on a small rubible;
  • Ther-to he song som-tyme a loud quinible;
  • And as wel coude he pleye on his giterne.
  • In al the toun nas brewhous ne taverne
  • That he ne visited with his solas,Skeat1900: 3335
  • Ther any gaylard tappestere was.Skeat1900: (150)
  • But sooth to seyn, he was somdel squaymous
  • Of farting, and of speche daungerous.
  • This Absolon, that Iolif was and gay,
  • Gooth with a sencer on the haliday,Skeat1900: 3340
  • Sensinge the wyves of the parish faste;
  • And many a lovely look on hem he caste,
  • And namely on this carpenteres wyf.
  • To loke on hir him thoughte a mery lyf,
  • She was so propre and swete and likerous.Skeat1900: 3345
  • I dar wel seyn, if she had been a mous,Skeat1900: (160)
  • And he a cat, he wolde hir hente anon.
  • This parish-clerk, this Ioly Absolon,
  • Hath in his herte swich a love-longinge,
  • That of no wyf ne took he noon offringe;Skeat1900: 3350
  • For curteisye, he seyde, he wolde noon.
  • The mone, whan it was night, ful brighte shoon,
  • And Absolon his giterne hath y-take,
  • For paramours, he thoghte for to wake.
  • And forth he gooth, Iolif and amorous,Skeat1900: 3355
  • Til he cam to the carpenteres housSkeat1900: (170)
  • A litel after cokkes hadde y-crowe;
  • And dressed him up by a shot-windowe
  • Edition: current; Page: [97]
  • That was up-on the carpenteres wal.
  • He singeth in his vois gentil and smal,Skeat1900: 3360
  • ‘Now, dere lady, if thy wille be,
  • I preye yow that ye wol rewe on me,’
  • Ful wel acordaunt to his giterninge.
  • This carpenter awook, and herde him singe,
  • And spak un-to his wyf, and seyde anon,Skeat1900: 3365
  • ‘What! Alison! herestow nat AbsolonSkeat1900: (180)
  • That chaunteth thus under our boures wal?’
  • And she answerde hir housbond ther-with-al,
  • ‘Yis, god wot, Iohn, I here it every-del.’
  • This passeth forth; what wol ye bet than wel?Skeat1900: 3370
  • Fro day to day this Ioly Absolon
  • So woweth hir, that him is wo bigon.
  • He waketh al the night and al the day;
  • He kempte hise lokkes brode, and made him gay;
  • He woweth hir by menes and brocage,Skeat1900: 3375
  • And swoor he wolde been hir owne page;Skeat1900: (190)
  • He singeth, brokkinge as a nightingale;
  • He sente hir piment, meeth, and spyced ale,
  • And wafres, pyping hote out of the glede;
  • And for she was of toune, he profred mede.Skeat1900: 3380
  • For som folk wol ben wonnen for richesse,
  • And som for strokes, and som for gentillesse.
  • Somtyme, to shewe his lightnesse and maistrye,
  • He pleyeth Herodes on a scaffold hye.
  • But what availleth him as in this cas?Skeat1900: 3385
  • She loveth so this hende Nicholas,Skeat1900: (200)
  • That Absolon may blowe the bukkes horn;
  • He ne hadde for his labour but a scorn;
  • And thus she maketh Absolon hir ape,
  • And al his ernest turneth til a Iape.Skeat1900: 3390
  • Ful sooth is this proverbe, it is no lye,
  • Men seyn right thus, ‘alwey the nye slye
  • Edition: current; Page: [98]
  • Maketh the ferre leve to be looth.’
  • For though that Absolon be wood or wrooth,
  • By-cause that he fer was from hir sighte,Skeat1900: 3395
  • This nye Nicholas stood in his lighte.Skeat1900: (210)
  • Now bere thee wel, thou hende Nicholas!
  • For Absolon may waille and singe ‘allas.’
  • And so bifel it on a Saterday,
  • This carpenter was goon til Osenay;Skeat1900: 3400
  • And hende Nicholas and Alisoun
  • Acorded been to this conclusioun,
  • That Nicholas shal shapen him a wyle
  • This sely Ialous housbond to bigyle;
  • And if so be the game wente aright,Skeat1900: 3405
  • She sholde slepen in his arm al night,Skeat1900: (220)
  • For this was his desyr and hir also.
  • And right anon, with-outen wordes mo,
  • This Nicholas no lenger wolde tarie,
  • But doth ful softe un-to his chambre carieSkeat1900: 3410
  • Bothe mete and drinke for a day or tweye,
  • And to hir housbonde bad hir for to seye,
  • If that he axed after Nicholas,
  • She sholde seye she niste where he was,
  • Of al that day she saugh him nat with ye;Skeat1900: 3415
  • She trowed that he was in maladye,Skeat1900: (230)
  • For, for no cry, hir mayde coude him calle;
  • He nolde answere, for no-thing that mighte falle.
  • This passeth forth al thilke Saterday,
  • That Nicholas stille in his chambre lay,Skeat1900: 3420
  • And eet and sleep, or dide what him leste,
  • Til Sonday, that the sonne gooth to reste.
  • This sely carpenter hath greet merveyle
  • Of Nicholas, or what thing mighte him eyle,
  • And seyde, ‘I am adrad, by seint Thomas,Skeat1900: 3425
  • It stondeth nat aright with Nicholas.Skeat1900: (240)
  • God shilde that he deyde sodeynly!
  • This world is now ful tikel, sikerly;
  • I saugh to-day a cors y-born to chirche
  • Edition: current; Page: [99]
  • That now, on Monday last, I saugh him wirche.Skeat1900: 3430
  • Go up,’ quod he un-to his knave anoon,
  • ‘Clepe at his dore, or knokke with a stoon,
  • Loke how it is, and tel me boldely.’
  • This knave gooth him up ful sturdily,
  • And at the chambre-dore, whyl that he stood,Skeat1900: 3435
  • He cryde and knokked as that he were wood:—Skeat1900: (250)
  • ‘What! how! what do ye, maister Nicholay?
  • How may ye slepen al the longe day?’
  • But al for noght, he herde nat a word;
  • An hole he fond, ful lowe up-on a bord,Skeat1900: 3440
  • Ther as the cat was wont in for to crepe;
  • And at that hole he looked in ful depe,
  • And at the laste he hadde of him a sighte.
  • This Nicholas sat gaping ever up-righte,
  • As he had kyked on the newe mone.Skeat1900: 3445
  • Adoun he gooth, and tolde his maister soneSkeat1900: (260)
  • In what array he saugh this ilke man.
  • This carpenter to blessen him bigan,
  • And seyde, ‘help us, seinte Frideswyde!
  • A man woot litel what him shal bityde.Skeat1900: 3450
  • This man is falle, with his astromye,
  • In som woodnesse or in som agonye;
  • I thoghte ay wel how that it sholde be!
  • Men sholde nat knowe of goddes privetee.
  • Ye, blessed be alwey a lewed man,Skeat1900: 3455
  • That noght but oonly his bileve can!Skeat1900: (270)
  • So ferde another clerk with astromye;
  • He walked in the feeldes for to prye
  • Up-on the sterres, what ther sholde bifalle,
  • Til he was in a marle-pit y-falle;Skeat1900: 3460
  • He saugh nat that. But yet, by seint Thomas,
  • Me reweth sore of hende Nicholas.
  • He shal be rated of his studying,
  • If that I may, by Iesus, hevene king!
  • Get me a staf, that I may underspore,Skeat1900: 3465
  • Edition: current; Page: [100]
  • Whyl that thou, Robin, hevest up the dore.Skeat1900: (280)
  • He shal out of his studying, as I gesse’—
  • And to the chambre-dore he gan him dresse.
  • His knave was a strong carl for the nones,
  • And by the haspe he haf it up atones;Skeat1900: 3470
  • In-to the floor the dore fil anon.
  • This Nicholas sat ay as stille as stoon,
  • And ever gaped upward in-to the eir.
  • This carpenter wende he were in despeir,
  • And hente him by the sholdres mightily,Skeat1900: 3475
  • And shook him harde, and cryde spitously,Skeat1900: (290)
  • ‘What! Nicholay! what, how! what! loke adoun!
  • Awake, and thenk on Cristes passioun;
  • I crouche thee from elves and fro wightes!’
  • Ther-with the night-spel seyde he anon-rightesSkeat1900: 3480
  • On foure halves of the hous aboute,
  • And on the threshfold of the dore with-oute:—
  • ‘Iesu Crist, and seynt Benedight,
  • Blesse this hous from every wikked wight,
  • For nightes verye, the white pater-noster!Skeat1900: 3485
  • Where wentestow, seynt Petres soster?’Skeat1900: (300)
  • And atte laste this hende Nicholas
  • Gan for to syke sore, and seyde, ‘allas!
  • Shal al the world be lost eftsones now?’
  • This carpenter answerde, ‘what seystow?Skeat1900: 3490
  • What! thenk on god, as we don, men that swinke.
  • This Nicholas answerde, ‘fecche me drinke;
  • And after wol I speke in privetee
  • Of certeyn thing that toucheth me and thee;
  • I wol telle it non other man, certeyn.’Skeat1900: 3495
  • This carpenter goth doun, and comth ageyn,Skeat1900: (310)
  • And broghte of mighty ale a large quart;
  • And whan that ech of hem had dronke his part,
  • Edition: current; Page: [101]
  • This Nicholas his dore faste shette,
  • And doun the carpenter by him he sette.Skeat1900: 3500
  • He seyde, ‘Iohn, myn hoste lief and dere,
  • Thou shalt up-on thy trouthe swere me here,
  • That to no wight thou shalt this conseil wreye;
  • For it is Cristes conseil that I seye,
  • And if thou telle it man, thou are forlore;Skeat1900: 3505
  • For this vengaunce thou shalt han therfore,Skeat1900: (320)
  • That if thou wreye me, thou shalt be wood!’
  • ‘Nay, Crist forbede it, for his holy blood!’
  • Quod tho this sely man, ‘I nam no labbe,
  • Ne, though I seye, I nam nat lief to gabbe.Skeat1900: 3510
  • Sey what thou wolt, I shal it never telle
  • To child ne wyf, by him that harwed helle!’
  • ‘Now John,’ quod Nicholas, ‘I wol nat lye;
  • I have y-founde in myn astrologye,
  • As I have loked in the mone bright,Skeat1900: 3515
  • That now, a Monday next, at quarter-night,Skeat1900: (330)
  • Shal falle a reyn and that so wilde and wood,
  • That half so greet was never Noës flood.
  • This world,’ he seyde, ‘in lasse than in an hour
  • Shal al be dreynt, so hidous is the shour;Skeat1900: 3520
  • Thus shal mankynde drenche and lese hir lyf.’
  • This carpenter answerde, ‘allas, my wyf!
  • And shal she drenche? allas! myn Alisoun!’
  • For sorwe of this he fil almost adoun,
  • And seyde, ‘is ther no remedie in this cas?’Skeat1900: 3525
  • ‘Why, yis, for gode,’ quod hende Nicholas,Skeat1900: (340)
  • ‘If thou wolt werken after lore and reed;
  • Thou mayst nat werken after thyn owene heed.
  • For thus seith Salomon, that was ful trewe,
  • “Werk al by conseil, and thou shalt nat rewe.”Skeat1900: 3530
  • And if thou werken wolt by good conseil,
  • I undertake, with-outen mast and seyl,
  • Yet shal I saven hir and thee and me
  • Hastow nat herd how saved was Noe,
  • Edition: current; Page: [102]
  • Whan that our lord had warned him bifornSkeat1900: 3535
  • That al the world with water sholde be lorn?’Skeat1900: (350)
  • ‘Yis,’ quod this carpenter, ‘ful yore ago.’
  • ‘Hastow nat herd,’ quod Nicholas, ‘also
  • The sorwe of Noë with his felawshipe,
  • Er that he mighte gete his wyf to shipe?Skeat1900: 3540
  • Him had be lever, I dar wel undertake,
  • At thilke tyme, than alle hise wetheres blake,
  • That she hadde had a ship hir-self allone.
  • And ther-fore, wostou what is best to done?
  • This asketh haste, and of an hastif thingSkeat1900: 3545
  • Men may nat preche or maken tarying.Skeat1900: (360)
  • Anon go gete us faste in-to this in
  • A kneding-trogh, or elles a kimelin,
  • For ech of us, but loke that they be large,
  • In whiche we mowe swimme as in a barge,Skeat1900: 3550
  • And han ther-inne vitaille suffisant
  • But for a day; fy on the remenant!
  • The water shal aslake and goon away
  • Aboute pryme up-on the nexte day.
  • But Robin may nat wite of this, thy knave,Skeat1900: 3555
  • Ne eek thy mayde Gille I may nat save;Skeat1900: (370)
  • Axe nat why, for though thou aske me,
  • I wol nat tellen goddes privetee.
  • Suffiseth thee, but if thy wittes madde,
  • To han as greet a grace as Noë hadde.Skeat1900: 3560
  • Thy wyf shal I wel saven, out of doute,
  • Go now thy wey, and speed thee heer-aboute.
  • But whan thou hast, for hir and thee and me,
  • Y-geten us thise kneding-tubbes three,
  • Than shaltow hange hem in the roof ful hye,Skeat1900: 3565
  • That no man of our purveyaunce spye.Skeat1900: (380)
  • And whan thou thus hast doon as I have seyd,
  • And hast our vitaille faire in hem y-leyd,
  • And eek an ax, to smyte the corde atwo
  • When that the water comth, that we may go,Skeat1900: 3570
  • Edition: current; Page: [103]
  • And broke an hole an heigh, up-on the gable,
  • Unto the gardin-ward, over the stable,
  • That we may frely passen forth our way
  • Whan that the grete shour is goon away—
  • Than shaltow swimme as myrie, I undertake,Skeat1900: 3575
  • As doth the whyte doke after hir drake.Skeat1900: (390)
  • Than wol I clepe, “how! Alison! how! John!
  • Be myrie, for the flood wol passe anon.”
  • And thou wolt seyn, “hayl, maister Nicholay!
  • Good morwe, I se thee wel, for it is day.”Skeat1900: 3580
  • And than shul we be lordes al our lyf
  • Of al the world, as Noë and his wyf.
  • But of o thyng I warne thee ful right,
  • Be wel avysed, on that like night
  • That we ben entred in-to shippes bord,Skeat1900: 3585
  • That noon of us ne speke nat a word,Skeat1900: (400)
  • Ne clepe, ne crye, but been in his preyere;
  • For it is goddes owne heste dere.
  • Thy wyf and thou mote hange fer a-twinne,
  • For that bitwixe yow shal be no sinneSkeat1900: 3590
  • No more in looking than ther shal in dede;
  • This ordinance is seyd, go, god thee spede!
  • Tomorwe at night, whan men ben alle aslepe,
  • In-to our kneding-tubbes wol we crepe,
  • And sitten ther, abyding goddes grace.Skeat1900: 3595
  • Go now thy wey, I have no lenger spaceSkeat1900: (410)
  • To make of this no lenger sermoning.
  • Men seyn thus, “send the wyse, and sey no-thing;”
  • Thou art so wys, it nedeth thee nat teche;
  • Go, save our lyf, and that I thee biseche.’Skeat1900: 3600
  • This sely carpenter goth forth his wey.
  • Ful ofte he seith ‘allas’ and ‘weylawey,’
  • And to his wyf he tolde his privetee;
  • And she was war, and knew it bet than he,
  • What al this queynte cast was for to seye.Skeat1900: 3605
  • But nathelees she ferde as she wolde deye,Skeat1900: (420)
  • Edition: current; Page: [104]
  • And seyde, ‘allas! go forth thy wey anon,
  • Help us to scape, or we ben lost echon;
  • I am thy trewe verray wedded wyf;
  • Go, dere spouse, and help to save our lyf.’Skeat1900: 3610
  • Lo! which a greet thyng is affeccioun!
  • Men may dye of imaginacioun,
  • So depe may impressioun be take.
  • This sely carpenter biginneth quake;
  • Him thinketh verraily that he may seeSkeat1900: 3615
  • Noës flood come walwing as the seeSkeat1900: (430)
  • To drenchen Alisoun, his hony dere.
  • He wepeth, weyleth, maketh sory chere,
  • He syketh with ful many a sory swogh.
  • He gooth and geteth him a kneding-trogh,Skeat1900: 3620
  • And after that a tubbe and a kimelin,
  • And prively he sente hem to his in,
  • And heng hem in the roof in privetee.
  • His owne hand he made laddres three,
  • To climben by the ronges and the stalkesSkeat1900: 3625
  • Un-to the tubbes hanginge in the balkes,Skeat1900: (440)
  • And hem vitailled, bothe trogh and tubbe,
  • With breed and chese, and good ale in a Iubbe,
  • Suffysinge right y-nogh as for a day.
  • But er that he had maad al this array,Skeat1900: 3630
  • He sente his knave, and eek his wenche also,
  • Up-on his nede to London for to go.
  • And on the Monday, whan it drow to night,
  • He shette his dore with-oute candel-light,
  • And dressed al thing as it sholde be.Skeat1900: 3635
  • And shortly, up they clomben alle three;Skeat1900: (450)
  • They sitten stille wel a furlong-way.
  • ‘Now, Pater-noster, clom!’ seyde Nicholay,
  • And ‘clom,’ quod John, and ‘clom,’ seyde Alisoun.
  • This carpenter seyde his devocioun,Skeat1900: 3640
  • And stille he sit, and biddeth his preyere,
  • Edition: current; Page: [105]
  • Awaytinge on the reyn, if he it here.
  • The dede sleep, for wery bisinesse,
  • Fil on this carpenter right, as I gesse,
  • Aboute corfew-tyme, or litel more;Skeat1900: 3645
  • For travail of his goost he groneth sore,Skeat1900: (460)
  • And eft he routeth, for his heed mislay.
  • Doun of the laddre stalketh Nicholay,
  • And Alisoun, ful softe adoun she spedde;
  • With-outen wordes mo, they goon to beddeSkeat1900: 3650
  • Ther-as the carpenter is wont to lye.
  • Ther was the revel and the melodye;
  • And thus lyth Alison and Nicholas,
  • In bisinesse of mirthe and of solas,
  • Til that the belle of laudes gan to ringe,Skeat1900: 3655
  • And freres in the chauncel gonne singe.Skeat1900: (470)
  • This parish-clerk, this amorous Absolon,
  • That is for love alwey so wo bigon,
  • Up-on the Monday was at Oseneye
  • With companye, him to disporte and pleye,Skeat1900: 3660
  • And axed up-on cas a cloisterer
  • Ful prively after Iohn the carpenter;
  • And he drough him a-part out of the chirche,
  • And seyde, ‘I noot, I saugh him here nat wirche
  • Sin Saterday; I trow that he be wentSkeat1900: 3665
  • For timber, ther our abbot hath him sent;Skeat1900: (480)
  • For he is wont for timber for to go,
  • And dwellen at the grange a day or two;
  • Or elles he is at his hous, certeyn;
  • Wher that he be, I can nat sothly seyn.’Skeat1900: 3670
  • This Absolon ful Ioly was and light,
  • And thoghte, ‘now is tyme wake al night;
  • For sikirly I saugh him nat stiringe
  • Aboute his dore sin day bigan to springe.
  • So moot I thryve, I shall, at cokkes crowe,Skeat1900: 3675
  • Ful prively knokken at his windoweSkeat1900: (490)
  • That stant ful lowe up-on his boures wal.
  • Edition: current; Page: [106]
  • To Alison now wol I tellen al
  • My love-longing, for yet I shal nat misse
  • That at the leste wey I shal hir kisse.Skeat1900: 3680
  • Som maner confort shal I have, parfay,
  • My mouth hath icched al this longe day;
  • That is a signe of kissing atte leste.
  • Al night me mette eek, I was at a feste.
  • Therfor I wol gon slepe an houre or tweye,Skeat1900: 3685
  • And al the night than wol I wake and pleye.’Skeat1900: (500)
  • Whan that the firste cok hath crowe, anon
  • Up rist this Ioly lover Absolon,
  • And him arrayeth gay, at point-devys.
  • But first he cheweth greyn and lycorys,Skeat1900: 3690
  • To smellen swete, er he had kembd his heer.
  • Under his tonge a trewe love he beer,
  • For ther-by wende he to ben gracious.
  • He rometh to the carpenteres hous,
  • And stille he stant under the shot-windowe;Skeat1900: 3695
  • Un-to his brest it raughte, it was so lowe;Skeat1900: (510)
  • And softe he cogheth with a semi-soun—
  • ‘What do ye, hony-comb, swete Alisoun?
  • My faire brid, my swete cinamome,
  • Awaketh, lemman myn, and speketh to me!Skeat1900: 3700
  • Wel litel thenken ye up-on my wo,
  • That for your love I swete ther I go.
  • No wonder is thogh that I swelte and swete;
  • I moorne as doth a lamb after the tete.
  • Y-wis, lemman, I have swich love-longinge,Skeat1900: 3705
  • That lyk a turtel trewe is my moorninge;Skeat1900: (520)
  • I may nat ete na more than a mayde.’
  • ‘Go fro the window, Iakke fool,’ she sayde,
  • ‘As help me god, it wol nat be “com ba me,”
  • I love another, and elles I were to blame,Skeat1900: 3710
  • Wel bet than thee, by Iesu, Absolon!
  • Go forth thy wey, or I wol caste a ston,
  • Edition: current; Page: [107]
  • And lat me slepe, a twenty devel wey!’
  • ‘Allas,’ quod Absolon, ‘and weylawey!
  • That trewe love was ever so yvel biset!Skeat1900: 3715
  • Than kisse me, sin it may be no bet,Skeat1900: (530)
  • For Iesus love and for the love of me.’
  • ‘Wiltow than go thy wey ther-with?’ quod she.
  • ‘Ye, certes, lemman,’ quod this Absolon.
  • ‘Thanne make thee redy,’ quod she, ‘I come anon;’Skeat1900: 3720
  • And un-to Nicholas she seyde stille, [T. om.
  • ‘Now hust, and thou shalt laughen al thy fille.’ [T. om.
  • This Absolon doun sette him on his knees,
  • And seyde, ‘I am a lord at alle degrees;
  • For after this I hope ther cometh more!Skeat1900: 3725
  • Lemman, thy grace, and swete brid, thyn ore!’Skeat1900: (540)
  • The window she undoth, and that in haste,
  • ‘Have do,’ quod she, ‘com of, and speed thee faste,
  • Lest that our neighebores thee espye.’
  • This Absolon gan wype his mouth ful drye;Skeat1900: 3730
  • Derk was the night as pich, or as the cole,
  • And at the window out she putte hir hole,
  • And Absolon, him fil no bet ne wers,
  • But with his mouth he kiste hir naked ers
  • Ful savourly, er he was war of this.Skeat1900: 3735
  • Abak he sterte, and thoghte it was amis,Skeat1900: (550)
  • For wel he wiste a womman hath no berd;
  • He felte a thing al rough and long y-herd,
  • And seyde, ‘fy! allas! what have I do?’
  • ‘Tehee!’ quod she, and clapte the window to;Skeat1900: 3740
  • And Absolon goth forth a sory pas.
  • ‘A berd, a berd!’ quod hende Nicholas,
  • ‘By goddes corpus, this goth faire and weel!’
  • This sely Absolon herde every deel,
  • And on his lippe he gan for anger byte;Skeat1900: 3745
  • And to him-self he seyde, ‘I shal thee quyte!’Skeat1900: (560)
  • Who rubbeth now, who froteth now his lippes
  • Edition: current; Page: [108]
  • With dust, with sond, with straw, with clooth, with chippes,
  • But Absolon, that seith ful ofte, ‘allas!
  • My soule bitake I un-to Sathanas,Skeat1900: 3750
  • But me wer lever than al this toun,’ quod he,
  • ‘Of this despyt awroken for to be!
  • Allas!’ quod he, ‘allas! I ne hadde y-bleynt!’
  • His hote love was cold and al y-queynt;
  • For fro that tyme that he had kiste hir ers,Skeat1900: 3755
  • Of paramours he sette nat a kers,Skeat1900: (570)
  • For he was heled of his maladye;
  • Ful ofte paramours he gan deffye,
  • And weep as dooth a child that is y-bete.
  • A softe paas he wente over the streteSkeat1900: 3760
  • Un-til a smith men cleped daun Gerveys,
  • That in his forge smithed plough-harneys;
  • He sharpeth shaar and culter bisily.
  • This Absolon knokketh al esily,
  • And seyde, ‘undo, Gerveys, and that anon.’Skeat1900: 3765
  • ‘What, who artow?’ ‘It am I, Absolon.’Skeat1900: (580)
  • ‘What, Absolon! for Cristes swete tree,
  • Why ryse ye so rathe, ey, benedicite!
  • What eyleth yow? som gay gerl, god it woot,
  • Hath broght yow thus up-on the viritoot;Skeat1900: 3770
  • By sëynt Note, ye woot wel what I mene.’
  • This Absolon ne roghte nat a bene
  • Of al his pley, no word agayn he yaf;
  • He hadde more tow on his distaf
  • Than Gerveys knew, and seyde, ‘freend so dere,Skeat1900: 3775
  • That hote culter in the chimenee here,Skeat1900: (590)
  • As lene it me, I have ther-with to done,
  • And I wol bringe it thee agayn ful sone.’
  • Gerveys answerde, ‘certes, were it gold,
  • Or in a poke nobles alle untold,Skeat1900: 3780
  • Thou sholdest have, as I am trewe smith;
  • Ey, Cristes foo! what wol ye do ther-with?’
  • Edition: current; Page: [109]
  • ‘Ther-of,’ quod Absolon, ‘be as be may;
  • I shal wel telle it thee to-morwe day’—
  • And caughte the culter by the colde stele.Skeat1900: 3785
  • Ful softe out at the dore he gan to stele,Skeat1900: (600)
  • And wente un-to the carpenteres wal.
  • He cogheth first, and knokketh ther-with-al
  • Upon the windowe, right as he dide er.
  • This Alison answerde, ‘Who is therSkeat1900: 3790
  • That knokketh so? I warante it a theef.’
  • ‘Why, nay,’ quod he, ‘god woot, my swete leef,
  • I am thyn Absolon, my dereling!
  • Of gold,’ quod he, ‘I have thee broght a ring;
  • My moder yaf it me, so god me save,Skeat1900: 3795
  • Ful fyn it is, and ther-to wel y-grave;Skeat1900: (610)
  • This wol I yeve thee, if thou me kisse!’
  • This Nicholas was risen for to pisse,
  • And thoghte he wolde amenden al the Iape,
  • He sholde kisse his ers er that he scape.Skeat1900: 3800
  • And up the windowe dide he hastily,
  • And out his ers he putteth prively
  • Over the buttok, to the haunche-bon;
  • And ther-with spak this clerk, this Absolon,
  • ‘Spek, swete brid, I noot nat wher thou art.’Skeat1900: 3805
  • This Nicholas anon leet flee a fart,Skeat1900: (620)
  • As greet as it had been a thonder-dent,
  • That with the strook he was almost y-blent;
  • And he was redy with his iren hoot,
  • And Nicholas amidde the ers he smoot.Skeat1900: 3810
  • Of gooth the skin an hande-brede aboute,
  • The hote culter brende so his toute,
  • And for the smert he wende for to dye.
  • As he were wood, for wo he gan to crye—
  • ‘Help! water! water! help, for goddes herte!’Skeat1900: 3815
  • This carpenter out of his slomber sterte,Skeat1900: (630)
  • And herde oon cryen ‘water’ as he were wood,
  • Edition: current; Page: [110]
  • And thoughte, ‘Allas! now comth Nowelis flood!’
  • He sit him up with-outen wordes mo,
  • And with his ax he smoot the corde a-two,Skeat1900: 3820
  • And doun goth al; he fond neither to selle,
  • Ne breed ne ale, til he cam to the selle
  • Up-on the floor; and ther aswowne he lay.
  • Up sterte hir Alison, and Nicholay,
  • And cryden ‘out’ and ‘harrow’ in the strete.Skeat1900: 3825
  • The neighebores, bothe smale and grete,Skeat1900: (640)
  • In ronnen, for to gauren on this man,
  • That yet aswowne he lay, bothe pale and wan;
  • For with the fal he brosten hadde his arm;
  • But stonde he moste un-to his owne harm.Skeat1900: 3830
  • For whan he spak, he was anon bore doun
  • With hende Nicholas and Alisoun.
  • They tolden every man that he was wood,
  • He was agast so of ‘Nowelis flood’
  • Thurgh fantasye, that of his vaniteeSkeat1900: 3835
  • He hadde y-boght him kneding-tubbes three,Skeat1900: (650)
  • And hadde hem hanged in the roof above;
  • And that he preyed hem, for goddes love,
  • To sitten in the roof, par companye.
  • The folk gan laughen at his fantasye;Skeat1900: 3840
  • In-to the roof they kyken and they gape,
  • And turned al his harm un-to a Iape.
  • For what so that this carpenter answerde,
  • It was for noght, no man his reson herde;
  • With othes grete he was so sworn adoun,Skeat1900: 3845
  • That he was holden wood in al the toun;Skeat1900: (660)
  • For every clerk anon-right heeld with other.
  • They seyde, ‘the man is wood, my leve brother;’
  • And every wight gan laughen of this stryf.
  • Thus swyved was the carpenteres wyf,Skeat1900: 3850
  • Edition: current; Page: [111]
  • For al his keping and his Ialousye;
  • And Absolon hath kist hir nether yë;
  • And Nicholas is scalded in the toute.Skeat1900: (667)
  • This tale is doon, and god save al the route!Skeat1900: 3854

Here endeth the Millere his tale.

Edition: current; Page: [112]

THE REEVE’S PROLOGUE.

The prologe of the Reves tale.

  • WHAN folk had laughen at this nyce casSkeat1900: 3855
  • Of Absolon and hende Nicholas,
  • Diverse folk diversely they seyde;
  • But, for the more part, they loughe and pleyde,
  • Ne at this tale I saugh no man him greve,
  • But it were only Osewold the Reve,Skeat1900: 3860
  • By-cause he was of carpenteres craft.
  • A litel ire is in his herte y-laft,
  • He gan to grucche and blamed it a lyte.
  • ‘So theek,’ quod he, ‘ful wel coude I yow quyteSkeat1900: (10)
  • With blering of a proud milleres yë,Skeat1900: 3865
  • If that me liste speke of ribaudye.
  • But ik am old, me list not pley for age;
  • Gras-tyme is doon, my fodder is now forage,
  • This whyte top wryteth myne olde yeres,
  • Myn herte is al-so mowled as myne heres,Skeat1900: 3870
  • But-if I fare as dooth an open-ers;
  • That ilke fruit is ever leng the wers,
  • Til it be roten in mullok or in stree.
  • We olde men, I drede, so fare we;Skeat1900: (20)
  • Til we be roten, can we nat be rype;Skeat1900: 3875
  • We hoppen ay, whyl that the world wol pype.
  • For in oure wil ther stiketh ever a nayl,
  • To have an hoor heed and a grene tayl,
  • As hath a leek; for thogh our might be goon,
  • Our wil desireth folie ever in oon.Skeat1900: 3880
  • For whan we may nat doon, than wol we speke;
  • Yet in our asshen olde is fyr y-reke.
  • Foure gledes han we, whiche I shal devyse,
  • Avaunting, lying, anger, coveityse;Skeat1900: (30)
  • Edition: current; Page: [113]
  • Thise foure sparkles longen un-to elde.Skeat1900: 3885
  • Our olde lemes mowe wel been unwelde,
  • But wil ne shal nat faillen, that is sooth.
  • And yet ik have alwey a coltes tooth,
  • As many a yeer as it is passed henne
  • Sin that my tappe of lyf bigan to renne.Skeat1900: 3890
  • For sikerly, whan I was bore, anon
  • Deeth drogh the tappe of lyf and leet it gon;
  • And ever sith hath so the tappe y-ronne,
  • Til that almost al empty is the tonne.Skeat1900: (40)
  • The streem of lyf now droppeth on the chimbe;Skeat1900: 3895
  • The sely tonge may wel ringe and chimbe
  • Of wrecchednesse that passed is ful yore;
  • With olde folk, save dotage, is namore.’
  • Whan that our host hadde herd this sermoning,
  • He gan to speke as lordly as a king;Skeat1900: 3900
  • He seide, ‘what amounteth al this wit?
  • What shul we speke alday of holy writ?
  • The devel made a reve for to preche,
  • And of a souter a shipman or a leche.Skeat1900: (50)
  • Sey forth thy tale, and tarie nat the tyme,Skeat1900: 3905
  • Lo, Depeford! and it is half-way pryme.
  • Lo, Grenewich, ther many a shrewe is inne;
  • It were al tyme thy tale to biginne.’
  • ‘Now, sires,’ quod this Osewold the Reve,
  • ‘I pray yow alle that ye nat yow greve,Skeat1900: 3910
  • Thogh I answere and somdel sette his howve;
  • For leveful is with force force of-showve.
  • This dronke millere hath y-told us heer,
  • How that bigyled was a carpenteer,Skeat1900: (60)
  • Peraventure in scorn, for I am oon.Skeat1900: 3915
  • And, by your leve, I shal him quyte anoon;
  • Right in his cherles termes wol I speke.
  • I pray to god his nekke mote breke;
  • He can wel in myn yë seen a stalke,
  • But in his owne he can nat seen a balke.Skeat1900: 3920
Edition: current; Page: [114]

THE REVES TALE.

Here biginneth the Reves tale.

  • At Trumpington, nat fer fro Cantebrigge,
  • Ther goth a brook and over that a brigge,
  • Up-on the whiche brook ther stant a melle;
  • And this is verray soth that I yow telle.
  • A Miller was ther dwelling many a day;Skeat1900: 3925
  • As eny pecok he was proud and gay.
  • Pypen he coude and fisshe, and nettes bete,
  • And turne coppes, and wel wrastle and shete;
  • And by his belt he baar a long panade,
  • And of a swerd ful trenchant was the blade.Skeat1900: 3930
  • A Ioly popper baar he in his pouche;Skeat1900: (11)
  • Ther was no man for peril dorste him touche.
  • A Sheffeld thwitel baar he in his hose;
  • Round was his face, and camuse was his nose.
  • As piled as an ape was his skulle.Skeat1900: 3935
  • He was a market-beter atte fulle.
  • Ther dorste no wight hand up-on him legge,
  • That he ne swoor he sholde anon abegge.
  • A theef he was for sothe of corn and mele,
  • And that a sly, and usaunt for to stele.Skeat1900: 3940
  • His name was hoten dëynous Simkin.Skeat1900: (21)
  • A wyf he hadde, y-comen of noble kin;
  • The person of the toun hir fader was.
  • With hir he yaf ful many a panne of bras,
  • For that Simkin sholde in his blood allye.Skeat1900: 3945
  • Edition: current; Page: [115]
  • She was y-fostred in a nonnerye;
  • For Simkin wolde no wyf, as he sayde,
  • But she were wel y-norissed and a mayde,
  • To saven his estaat of yomanrye.
  • And she was proud, and pert as is a pye.Skeat1900: 3950
  • A ful fair sighte was it on hem two;Skeat1900: (31)
  • On haly-dayes biforn hir wolde he go
  • With his tipet bounden about his heed,
  • And she cam after in a gyte of reed;
  • And Simkin hadde hosen of the same.Skeat1900: 3955
  • Ther dorste no wight clepen hir but ‘dame.’
  • Was noon so hardy that wente by the weye
  • That with hir dorste rage or ones pleye,
  • But-if he wolde be slayn of Simkin
  • With panade, or with knyf, or boydekin.Skeat1900: 3960
  • For Ialous folk ben perilous evermo,Skeat1900: (41)
  • Algate they wolde hir wyves wenden so.
  • And eek, for she was somdel smoterlich,
  • She was as digne as water in a dich;
  • And ful of hoker and of bisemare.Skeat1900: 3965
  • Hir thoughte that a lady sholde hir spare,
  • What for hir kinrede and hir nortelrye
  • That she had lerned in the nonnerye.
  • A doghter hadde they bitwixe hem two
  • Of twenty yeer, with-outen any mo,Skeat1900: 3970
  • Savinge a child that was of half-yeer age;Skeat1900: (51)
  • In cradel it lay and was a propre page.
  • This wenche thikke and wel y-growen was,
  • With camuse nose and yën greye as glas;
  • With buttokes brode and brestes rounde and hye,Skeat1900: 3975
  • But right fair was hir heer, I wol nat lye.
  • The person of the toun, for she was feir,
  • In purpos was to maken hir his heir
  • Edition: current; Page: [116]
  • Bothe of his catel and his messuage,
  • And straunge he made it of hir mariage.Skeat1900: 3980
  • His purpos was for to bistowe hir hyeSkeat1900: (61)
  • In-to som worthy blood of auncetrye;
  • For holy chirches good moot been despended
  • On holy chirches blood, that is descended.
  • Therfore he wolde his holy blood honoure,Skeat1900: 3985
  • Though that he holy chirche sholde devoure.
  • Gret soken hath this miller, out of doute,
  • With whete and malt of al the land aboute;
  • And nameliche ther was a greet collegge,
  • Men clepen the Soler-halle at Cantebregge,Skeat1900: 3990
  • Ther was hir whete and eek hir malt y-grounde.Skeat1900: (71)
  • And on a day it happed, in a stounde,
  • Sik lay the maunciple on a maladye;
  • Men wenden wisly that he sholde dye.
  • For which this miller stal bothe mele and cornSkeat1900: 3995
  • An hundred tyme more than biforn;
  • For ther-biforn he stal but curteisly,
  • But now he was a theef outrageously,
  • For which the wardeyn chidde and made fare.
  • But ther-of sette the miller nat a tare;Skeat1900: 4000
  • He craketh boost, and swoor it was nat so.Skeat1900: (81)
  • Than were ther yonge povre clerkes two,
  • That dwelten in this halle, of which I seye.
  • Testif they were, and lusty for to pleye,
  • And, only for hir mirthe and revelrye,Skeat1900: 4005
  • Up-on the wardeyn bisily they crye,
  • To yeve hem leve but a litel stounde
  • To goon to mille and seen hir corn y-grounde;
  • And hardily, they dorste leye hir nekke,
  • The miller shold nat stele hem half a pekkeSkeat1900: 4010
  • Of corn by sleighte, ne by force hem reve;Skeat1900: (91)
  • And at the laste the wardeyn yaf hem leve.
  • Iohn hight that oon, and Aleyn hight that other;
  • Of o toun were they born, that highte Strother,
  • Edition: current; Page: [117]
  • Fer in the north, I can nat telle where.Skeat1900: 4015
  • This Aleyn maketh redy al his gere,
  • And on an hors the sak he caste anon.
  • Forth goth Aleyn the clerk, and also Iohn,
  • With good swerd and with bokeler by hir syde.
  • Iohn knew the wey, hem nedede no gyde,Skeat1900: 4020
  • And at the mille the sak adoun he layth.Skeat1900: (101)
  • Aleyn spak first, ‘al hayl, Symond, y-fayth;
  • How fares thy faire doghter and thy wyf?’
  • ‘Aleyn! welcome,’ quod Simkin, ‘by my lyf,
  • And Iohn also, how now, what do ye heer?’Skeat1900: 4025
  • ‘Symond,’ quod Iohn, ‘by god, nede has na peer;
  • Him boes serve him-selve that has na swayn,
  • Or elles he is a fool, as clerkes sayn.
  • Our manciple, I hope he wil be deed,
  • Swa werkes ay the wanges in his heed.Skeat1900: 4030
  • And forthy is I come, and eek Alayn,Skeat1900: (111)
  • To grinde our corn and carie it ham agayn;
  • I pray yow spede us hethen that ye may.’
  • ‘It shal be doon,’ quod Simkin, ‘by my fay;
  • What wol ye doon whyl that it is in hande?’Skeat1900: 4035
  • ‘By god, right by the hoper wil I stande,’
  • Quod Iohn, ‘and se how that the corn gas in;
  • Yet saugh I never, by my fader kin,
  • How that the hoper wagges til and fra.’
  • Aleyn answerde, ‘Iohn, and wiltow swa,Skeat1900: 4040
  • Than wil I be bynethe, by my croun,Skeat1900: (121)
  • And se how that the mele falles doun
  • In-to the trough; that sal be my disport.
  • For Iohn, in faith, I may been of your sort;
  • I is as ille a miller as are ye.’Skeat1900: 4045
  • This miller smyled of hir nycetee,
  • And thoghte, ‘al this nis doon but for a wyle;
  • Edition: current; Page: [118]
  • They wene that no man may hem bigyle;
  • But, by my thrift, yet shal I blere hir ye
  • For al the sleighte in hir philosophye.Skeat1900: 4050
  • The more queynte crekes that they make,Skeat1900: (131)
  • The more wol I stele whan I take.
  • In stede of flour, yet wol I yeve hem bren.
  • “The gretteste clerkes been noght the wysest men,”
  • As whylom to the wolf thus spak the mare;Skeat1900: 4055
  • Of al hir art I counte noght a tare.’
  • Out at the dore he gooth ful prively,
  • Whan that he saugh his tyme, softely;
  • He loketh up and doun til he hath founde
  • The clerkes hors, ther as it stood y-boundeSkeat1900: 4060
  • Bihinde the mille, under a levesel;Skeat1900: (141)
  • And to the hors he gooth him faire and wel;
  • He strepeth of the brydel right anon.
  • And whan the hors was loos, he ginneth gon
  • Toward the fen, ther wilde mares renne,Skeat1900: 4065
  • Forth with wehee, thurgh thikke and thurgh thenne.
  • This miller gooth agayn, no word he seyde,
  • But dooth his note, and with the clerkes pleyde,
  • Til that hir corn was faire and wel y-grounde.
  • And whan the mele is sakked and y-bounde,Skeat1900: 4070
  • This Iohn goth out and fynt his hors away,Skeat1900: (151)
  • And gan to crye ‘harrow’ and ‘weylaway!
  • Our hors is lorn! Alayn, for goddes banes,
  • Step on thy feet, com out, man, al at anes!
  • Allas, our wardeyn has his palfrey lorn.’Skeat1900: 4075
  • This Aleyn al forgat, bothe mele and corn,
  • Al was out of his mynde his housbondrye.
  • ‘What? whilk way is he geen?’ he gan to crye.
  • The wyf cam leping inward with a ren,
  • She seyde, ‘allas! your hors goth to the fenSkeat1900: 4080
  • With wilde mares, as faste as he may go.Skeat1900: (161)
  • Edition: current; Page: [119]
  • Unthank come on his hand that bond him so,
  • And he that bettre sholde han knit the reyne.’
  • ‘Allas,’ quod Iohn, ‘Aleyn, for Cristes peyne,
  • Lay doun thy swerd, and I wil myn alswa;Skeat1900: 4085
  • I is ful wight, god waat, as is a raa;
  • By goddes herte he sal nat scape us bathe.
  • Why nadstow pit the capul in the lathe?
  • Il-hayl, by god, Aleyn, thou is a fonne!’
  • This sely clerkes han ful faste y-ronneSkeat1900: 4090
  • To-ward the fen, bothe Aleyn and eek Iohn.Skeat1900: (171)
  • And whan the miller saugh that they were gon,
  • He half a busshel of hir flour hath take,
  • And bad his wyf go knede it in a cake.
  • He seyde, ‘I trowe the clerkes were aferd;Skeat1900: 4095
  • Yet can a miller make a clerkes berd
  • For al his art; now lat hem goon hir weye.
  • Lo wher they goon, ye, lat the children pleye;
  • They gete him nat so lightly, by my croun!’
  • Thise sely clerkes rennen up and dounSkeat1900: 4100
  • With ‘keep, keep, stand, stand, Iossa, warderere,Skeat1900: (181)
  • Ga whistle thou, and I shal kepe him here!’
  • But shortly, til that it was verray night,
  • They coude nat, though they do al hir might,
  • Hir capul cacche, he ran alwey so faste,Skeat1900: 4105
  • Til in a dich they caughte him atte laste.
  • Wery and weet, as beste is in the reyn,
  • Comth sely Iohn, and with him comth Aleyn.
  • ‘Allas,’ quod Iohn, ‘the day that I was born!
  • Now are we drive til hething and til scorn.Skeat1900: 4110
  • Our corn is stole, men wil us foles calle,Skeat1900: (191)
  • Bathe the wardeyn and our felawes alle,
  • And namely the miller; weylaway!’
  • Thus pleyneth Iohn as he goth by the way
  • Toward the mille, and Bayard in his hond.Skeat1900: 4115
  • The miller sitting by the fyr he fond,
  • Edition: current; Page: [120]
  • For it was night, and forther mighte they noght;
  • But, for the love of god, they him bisoght
  • Of herberwe and of ese, as for hir peny.
  • The miller seyde agayn, ‘if ther be eny,Skeat1900: 4120
  • Swich as it is, yet shal ye have your part.Skeat1900: (201)
  • Myn hous is streit, but ye han lerned art;
  • Ye conne by argumentes make a place
  • A myle brood of twenty foot of space.
  • Lat see now if this place may suffyse,Skeat1900: 4125
  • Or make it roum with speche, as is youre gyse.’
  • ‘Now, Symond,’ seyde Iohn, ‘by seint Cutberd,
  • Ay is thou mery, and this is faire answerd.
  • I have herd seyd, man sal taa of twa thinges
  • Slyk as he fyndes, or taa slyk as he bringes.Skeat1900: 4130
  • But specially, I pray thee, hoste dere,Skeat1900: (211)
  • Get us som mete and drinke, and make us chere,
  • And we wil payen trewely atte fulle.
  • With empty hand men may na haukes tulle;
  • Lo here our silver, redy for to spende.’Skeat1900: 4135
  • This miller in-to toun his doghter sende
  • For ale and breed, and rosted hem a goos,
  • And bond hir hors, it sholde nat gon loos;
  • And in his owne chambre hem made a bed
  • With shetes and with chalons faire y-spred,Skeat1900: 4140
  • Noght from his owne bed ten foot or twelve.Skeat1900: (221)
  • His doghter hadde a bed, al by hir-selve,
  • Right in the same chambre, by and by;
  • It mighte be no bet, and cause why,
  • Ther was no roumer herberwe in the place.Skeat1900: 4145
  • They soupen and they speke, hem to solace,
  • And drinken ever strong ale atte beste.
  • Aboute midnight wente they to reste.
  • Wel hath this miller vernisshed his heed;
  • Edition: current; Page: [121]
  • Ful pale he was for-dronken, and nat reed.Skeat1900: 4150
  • He yexeth, and he speketh thurgh the noseSkeat1900: (231)
  • As he were on the quakke, or on the pose.
  • To bedde he gooth, and with him goth his wyf.
  • As any Iay she light was and Iolyf,
  • So was hir Ioly whistle wel y-wet.Skeat1900: 4155
  • The cradel at hir beddes feet is set,
  • To rokken, and to yeve the child to souke.
  • And whan that dronken al was in the crouke,
  • To bedde went the doghter right anon;
  • To bedde gooth Aleyn and also Iohn;Skeat1900: 4160
  • Ther nas na more, hem nedede no dwale.Skeat1900: (241)
  • This miller hath so wisly bibbed ale,
  • That as an hors he snorteth in his sleep,
  • Ne of his tayl bihinde he took no keep.
  • His wyf bar him a burdon, a ful strong,Skeat1900: 4165
  • Men mighte hir routing here two furlong;
  • The wenche routeth eek par companye.
  • Aleyn the clerk, that herd this melodye,
  • He poked Iohn, and seyde, ‘slepestow?
  • Herdestow ever slyk a sang er now?Skeat1900: 4170
  • Lo, whilk a compline is y-mel hem alle!Skeat1900: (251)
  • A wilde fyr up-on thair bodyes falle!
  • Wha herkned ever slyk a ferly thing?
  • Ye, they sal have the flour of il ending.
  • This lange night ther tydes me na reste;Skeat1900: 4175
  • But yet, na fors; al sal be for the beste.
  • For Iohn,’ seyde he, ‘als ever moot I thryve,
  • If that I may, yon wenche wil I swyve.
  • Som esement has lawe y-shapen us;
  • For Iohn, ther is a lawe that says thus,Skeat1900: 4180
  • That gif a man in a point be y-greved,Skeat1900: (261)
  • That in another he sal be releved.
  • Edition: current; Page: [122]
  • Our corn is stoln, shortly, it is na nay,
  • And we han had an il fit al this day.
  • And sin I sal have neen amendement,Skeat1900: 4185
  • Agayn my los I wil have esement.
  • By goddes saule, it sal neen other be!’
  • This Iohn answerde, ‘Alayn, avyse thee,
  • The miller is a perilous man,’ he seyde,
  • ‘And gif that he out of his sleep abreyde,Skeat1900: 4190
  • He mighte doon us bathe a vileinye.’Skeat1900: (271)
  • Aleyn answerde, ‘I count him nat a flye;’
  • And up he rist, and by the wenche he crepte.
  • This wenche lay upright, and faste slepte,
  • Til he so ny was, er she mighte espye,Skeat1900: 4195
  • That it had been to late for to crye,
  • And shortly for to seyn, they were at on;
  • Now pley, Aleyn! for I wol speke of Iohn.
  • This Iohn lyth stille a furlong-wey or two,
  • And to him-self he maketh routhe and wo:Skeat1900: 4200
  • ‘Allas!’ quod he, ‘this is a wikked Iape;Skeat1900: (281)
  • Now may I seyn that I is but an ape.
  • Yet has my felawe som-what for his harm;
  • He has the milleris doghter in his arm.
  • He auntred him, and has his nedes sped,Skeat1900: 4205
  • And I lye as a draf-sek in my bed;
  • And when this Iape is tald another day,
  • I sal been halde a daf, a cokenay!
  • I wil aryse, and auntre it, by my fayth!
  • “Unhardy is unsely,” thus men sayth.’Skeat1900: 4210
  • And up he roos and softely he wenteSkeat1900: (291)
  • Un-to the cradel, and in his hand it hente,
  • And baar it softe un-to his beddes feet.
  • Sone after this the wyf hir routing leet,
  • And gan awake, and wente hir out to pisse,Skeat1900: 4215
  • And cam agayn, and gan hir cradel misse,
  • And groped heer and ther, but she fond noon.
  • ‘Allas!’ quod she, ‘I hadde almost misgoon;
  • Edition: current; Page: [123]
  • I hadde almost gon to the clerkes bed.
  • Ey, benedicite! thanne hadde I foule y-sped:’Skeat1900: 4220
  • And forth she gooth til she the cradel fond.Skeat1900: (301)
  • She gropeth alwey forther with hir hond,
  • And fond the bed, and thoghte noght but good,
  • By-cause that the cradel by it stood,
  • And niste wher she was, for it was derk;Skeat1900: 4225
  • But faire and wel she creep in to the clerk,
  • And lyth ful stille, and wolde han caught a sleep.
  • With-inne a whyl this Iohn the clerk up leep,
  • And on this gode wyf he leyth on sore.
  • So mery a fit ne hadde she nat ful yore;Skeat1900: 4230
  • He priketh harde and depe as he were mad.Skeat1900: (311)
  • This Ioly lyf han thise two clerkes lad
  • Til that the thridde cok bigan to singe.
  • Aleyn wex wery in the daweninge,
  • For he had swonken al the longe night;Skeat1900: 4235
  • And seyde, ‘far wel, Malin, swete wight!
  • The day is come, I may no lenger byde;
  • But evermo, wher so I go or ryde,
  • I is thyn awen clerk, swa have I seel!’
  • ‘Now dere lemman,’ quod she, ‘go, far weel!Skeat1900: 4240
  • But er thou go, o thing I wol thee telle,Skeat1900: (321)
  • Whan that thou wendest homward by the melle,
  • Right at the entree of the dore bihinde,
  • Thou shalt a cake of half a busshel finde
  • That was y-maked of thyn owne mele,Skeat1900: 4245
  • Which that I heelp my fader for to stele.
  • And, gode lemman, god thee save and kepe!’
  • And with that word almost she gan to wepe.
  • Aleyn up-rist, and thoughte, ‘er that it dawe,
  • I wol go crepen in by my felawe;Skeat1900: 4250
  • And fond the cradel with his hand anon,Skeat1900: (331)
  • ‘By god,’ thoghte he, ‘al wrang I have misgon;
  • Myn heed is toty of my swink to-night,
  • That maketh me that I go nat aright.
  • Edition: current; Page: [124]
  • I woot wel by the cradel, I have misgo,Skeat1900: 4255
  • Heer lyth the miller and his wyf also.’
  • And forth he goth, a twenty devel way,
  • Un-to the bed ther-as the miller lay.
  • He wende have cropen by his felawe Iohn;
  • And by the miller in he creep anon,Skeat1900: 4260
  • And caughte hym by the nekke, and softe he spak:Skeat1900: (341)
  • He seyde, ‘thou, Iohn, thou swynes-heed, awak
  • For Cristes saule, and heer a noble game.
  • For by that lord that called is seint Iame,
  • As I have thryes, in this shorte night,Skeat1900: 4265
  • Swyved the milleres doghter bolt-upright,
  • Whyl thow hast as a coward been agast.’
  • ‘Ye, false harlot,’ quod the miller, ‘hast?
  • A! false traitour! false clerk!’ quod he,
  • ‘Thou shalt be deed, by goddes dignitee!Skeat1900: 4270
  • Who dorste be so bold to disparageSkeat1900: (351)
  • My doghter, that is come of swich linage?’
  • And by the throte-bolle he caughte Alayn.
  • And he hente hym despitously agayn,
  • And on the nose he smoot him with his fest.Skeat1900: 4275
  • Doun ran the blody streem up-on his brest;
  • And in the floor, with nose and mouth to-broke,
  • They walwe as doon two pigges in a poke.
  • And up they goon, and doun agayn anon,
  • Til that the miller sporned at a stoon,Skeat1900: 4280
  • And doun he fil bakward up-on his wyf,Skeat1900: (361)
  • That wiste no-thing of this nyce stryf;
  • For she was falle aslepe a lyte wight
  • With Iohn the clerk, that waked hadde al night.
  • And with the fal, out of hir sleep she breyde—Skeat1900: 4285
  • ‘Help, holy croys of Bromeholm,’ she seyde,
  • In manus tuas! lord, to thee I calle!
  • Awak, Symond! the feend is on us falle,
  • Myn herte is broken, help, I nam but deed;
  • There lyth oon up my wombe and up myn heed;Skeat1900: 4290
  • Edition: current; Page: [125]
  • Help, Simkin, for the false clerkes fighte.’Skeat1900: (371)
  • This Iohn sterte up as faste as ever he mighte,
  • And graspeth by the walles to and fro,
  • To finde a staf; and she sterte up also,
  • And knew the estres bet than dide this Iohn.Skeat1900: 4295
  • And by the wal a staf she fond anon,
  • And saugh a litel shimering of a light,
  • For at an hole in shoon the mone bright;
  • And by that light she saugh hem bothe two,
  • But sikerly she niste who was who,Skeat1900: 4300
  • But as she saugh a whyt thing in hir yë.Skeat1900: (381)
  • And whan she gan the whyte thing espye,
  • She wende the clerk hadde wered a volupeer.
  • And with the staf she drough ay neer and neer,
  • And wende han hit this Aleyn at the fulle,Skeat1900: 4305
  • And smoot the miller on the pyled skulle,
  • That doun he gooth and cryde, ‘harrow! I dye!’
  • Thise clerkes bete him weel and lete him lye;
  • And greythen hem, and toke hir hors anon,
  • And eek hir mele, and on hir wey they gon.Skeat1900: 4310
  • And at the mille yet they toke hir cakeSkeat1900: (391)
  • Of half a busshel flour, ful wel y-bake.
  • Thus is the proude miller wel y-bete,
  • And hath y-lost the grinding of the whete,
  • And payed for the soper every-deelSkeat1900: 4315
  • Of Aleyn and of Iohn, that bette him weel.
  • His wyf is swyved, and his doghter als;
  • Lo, swich it is a miller to be fals!
  • And therfore this proverbe is seyd ful sooth.
  • ‘Him thar nat wene wel that yvel dooth;Skeat1900: 4320
  • A gylour shal him-self bigyled be.’Skeat1900: (401)
  • And God, that sitteth heighe in magestee,
  • Save al this companye grete and smale!
  • Thus have I quit the miller in my tale.

Here is ended the Reves tale.

Edition: current; Page: [126]

THE COOK’S PROLOGUE.

The prologe of the Cokes Tale.

  • THE Cook of London, whyl the Reve spak,Skeat1900: 4325
  • For Ioye, him thoughte, he clawed him on the bak,
  • ‘Ha! ha!’ quod he, ‘for Cristes passioun,
  • This miller hadde a sharp conclusioun
  • Upon his argument of herbergage!
  • Wel seyde Salomon in his langage,Skeat1900: 4330
  • “Ne bringe nat every man in-to thyn hous;”
  • For herberwing by nighte is perilous.
  • Wel oghte a man avysed for to be
  • Whom that he broghte in-to his privetee.Skeat1900: (10)
  • I pray to god, so yeve me sorwe and care,Skeat1900: 4335
  • If ever, sith I highte Hogge of Ware,
  • Herde I a miller bettre y-set a-werk.
  • He hadde a Iape of malice in the derk.
  • But god forbede that we stinten here;
  • And therfore, if ye vouche-sauf to hereSkeat1900: 4340
  • A tale of me, that am a povre man,
  • I wol yow telle as wel as ever I can
  • A litel Iape that fil in our citee.’
  • Our host answerde, and seide, ‘I graunte it thee;Skeat1900: (20)
  • Now telle on, Roger, loke that it be good;Skeat1900: 4345
  • For many a pastee hastow laten blood,
  • And many a Iakke of Dover hastow sold
  • That hath been twyes hoot and twyes cold.
  • Of many a pilgrim hastow Cristes curs,
  • Edition: current; Page: [127]
  • For of thy persly yet they fare the wors,Skeat1900: 4350
  • That they han eten with thy stubbel-goos;
  • For in thy shoppe is many a flye loos.
  • Now telle on, gentil Roger, by thy name.
  • But yet I pray thee, be nat wrooth for game,Skeat1900: (30)
  • A man may seye ful sooth in game and pley.’Skeat1900: 4355
  • ‘Thou seist ful sooth,’ quod Roger, ‘by my fey,
  • But “sooth pley, quaad pley,” as the Fleming seith;
  • And ther-fore, Herry Bailly, by thy feith,
  • Be thou nat wrooth, er we departen heer,
  • Though that my tale be of an hostileer.Skeat1900: 4360
  • But nathelees I wol nat telle it yit,
  • But er we parte, y-wis, thou shalt be quit.’
  • And ther-with-al he lough and made chere,
  • And seyde his tale, as ye shul after here.Skeat1900: (40)

Thus endeth the Prologe of the Cokes tale.

Edition: current; Page: [128]

THE COKES TALE.

Heer bigynneth the Cokes tale.

  • A PRENTIS whylom dwelled in our citee,Skeat1900: 4365
  • And of a craft of vitaillers was he;
  • Gaillard he was as goldfinch in the shawe,
  • Broun as a berie, a propre short felawe,
  • With lokkes blake, y-kempt ful fetisly.
  • Dauncen he coude so wel and Iolily,Skeat1900: 4370
  • That he was cleped Perkin Revelour.
  • He was as ful of love and paramour
  • As is the hyve ful of hony swete;
  • Wel was the wenche with him mighte mete.Skeat1900: (10)
  • At every brydale wolde he singe and hoppe,Skeat1900: 4375
  • He loved bet the taverne than the shoppe.
  • For whan ther any ryding was in Chepe,
  • Out of the shoppe thider wolde he lepe.
  • Til that he hadde al the sighte y-seyn,
  • And daunced wel, he wolde nat come ageyn.Skeat1900: 4380
  • And gadered him a meinee of his sort
  • To hoppe and singe, and maken swich disport.
  • And ther they setten steven for to mete
  • To pleyen at the dys in swich a strete.Skeat1900: (20)
  • For in the toune nas ther no prentys,Skeat1900: 4385
  • That fairer coude caste a paire of dys
  • Than Perkin coude, and ther-to he was free
  • Of his dispense, in place of privetee.
  • That fond his maister wel in his chaffare;
  • For often tyme he fond his box ful bare.Skeat1900: 4390
  • For sikerly a prentis revelour,
  • That haunteth dys, riot, or paramour,
  • Edition: current; Page: [129]
  • His maister shal it in his shoppe abye,
  • Al have he no part of the minstralcye;Skeat1900: (30)
  • For thefte and riot, they ben convertible,Skeat1900: 4395
  • Al conne he pleye on giterne or ribible.
  • Revel and trouthe, as in a low degree,
  • They been ful wrothe al day, as men may see.
  • This Ioly prentis with his maister bood,
  • Til he were ny out of his prentishood,Skeat1900: 4400
  • Al were he snibbed bothe erly and late,
  • And somtyme lad with revel to Newgate;
  • But atte laste his maister him bithoghte,
  • Up-on a day, whan he his paper soghte,Skeat1900: (40)
  • Of a proverbe that seith this same word,Skeat1900: 4405
  • ‘Wel bet is roten appel out of hord
  • Than that it rotie al the remenaunt.’
  • So fareth it by a riotous servaunt;
  • It is wel lasse harm to lete him pace,
  • Than he shende alle the servants in the place.Skeat1900: 4410
  • Therfore his maister yaf him acquitance,
  • And bad him go with sorwe and with meschance;
  • And thus this Ioly prentis hadde his leve.
  • Now lat him riote al the night or leve.Skeat1900: (50)
  • And for ther is no theef with-oute a louke,Skeat1900: 4415
  • That helpeth him to wasten and to souke
  • Of that he brybe can or borwe may,
  • Anon he sente his bed and his array
  • Un-to a compeer of his owne sort,
  • That lovede dys and revel and disport,Skeat1900: 4420
  • And hadde a wyf that heeld for countenance
  • A shoppe, and swyved for hir sustenance.Skeat1900: 4422
  • * * * * * *

Of this Cokes tale maked Chaucer na more.

[For The Tale of Gamelin, see the Appendix.]

Edition: current; Page: [130]

GROUP B.

INTRODUCTION TO THE MAN OF LAW’S PROLOGUE. (T. 4421-4446.)

The wordes of the Hoost to the companye.

  • OUR Hoste sey wel that the brighte sonne
  • The ark of his artificial day had ronne
  • The fourthe part, and half an houre, and more;
  • And though he were not depe expert in lore,
  • He wiste it was the eightetethe daySkeat1900: 5
  • Of April, that is messager to May;
  • And sey wel that the shadwe of every tree
  • Was as in lengthe the same quantitee
  • That was the body erect that caused it.
  • And therfor by the shadwe he took his witSkeat1900: 10
  • That Phebus, which that shoon so clere and brighte,
  • Degrees was fyve and fourty clombe on highte;
  • And for that day, as in that latitude,
  • It was ten of the clokke, he gan conclude,
  • And sodeynly he plighte his hors aboute.Skeat1900: 15
  • ‘Lordinges,’ quod he, ‘I warne yow, al this route,
  • The fourthe party of this day is goon;
  • Now, for the love of god and of seint Iohn,
  • Leseth no tyme, as ferforth as ye may;
  • Lordinges, the tyme wasteth night and day,Skeat1900: 20
  • And steleth from us, what prively slepinge,
  • And what thurgh necligence in our wakinge,
  • As dooth the streem, that turneth never agayn,
  • Descending fro the montaigne in-to playn.
  • Wel can Senek, and many a philosophreSkeat1900: 25
  • Biwailen tyme, more than gold in cofre.
  • Edition: current; Page: [131]
  • “For los of catel may recovered be,
  • But los of tyme shendeth us,” quod he.
  • It wol nat come agayn, with-outen drede,
  • Na more than wol Malkins maydenhede,Skeat1900: 30
  • Whan she hath lost it in hir wantownesse;
  • Lat us nat moulen thus in ydelnesse.
  • Sir man of lawe,’ quod he, ‘so have ye blis,
  • Tel us a tale anon, as forward is;
  • Ye been submitted thurgh your free assentSkeat1900: 35
  • To stonde in this cas at my Iugement.
  • Acquiteth yow, and holdeth your biheste,
  • Than have ye doon your devoir atte leste.’
  • ‘Hoste,’ quod he, ‘depardieux ich assente,
  • To breke forward is not myn entente.Skeat1900: 40
  • Biheste is dette, and I wol holde fayn
  • Al my biheste; I can no better seyn.
  • For swich lawe as man yeveth another wight,
  • He sholde him-selven usen it by right;
  • Thus wol our text; but natheles certeynSkeat1900: 45
  • I can right now no thrifty tale seyn,
  • But Chaucer, though he can but lewedly
  • On metres and on ryming craftily,
  • Hath seyd hem in swich English as he can
  • Of olde tyme, as knoweth many a man.Skeat1900: 50
  • And if he have not seyd hem, leve brother,
  • In o book, he hath seyd hem in another.
  • For he hath told of loveres up and doun
  • Mo than Ovyde made of mencioun
  • In his Epistelles, that been ful olde.Skeat1900: 55
  • What sholde I tellen hem, sin they ben tolde?
  • In youthe he made of Ceys and Alcion,
  • And sithen hath he spoke of everichon,
  • Thise noble wyves and thise loveres eke.
  • Who-so that wol his large volume sekeSkeat1900: 60
  • Cleped the Seintes Legende of Cupyde,
  • Ther may he seen the large woundes wyde
  • Of Lucresse, and of Babilan Tisbee;
  • Edition: current; Page: [132]
  • The swerd of Dido for the false Enee;
  • The tree of Phillis for hir Demophon;Skeat1900: 65
  • The pleinte of Dianire and Hermion,
  • Of Adriane and of Isiphilee;
  • The bareyne yle stonding in the see;
  • The dreynte Leander for his Erro;
  • The teres of Eleyne, and eek the woSkeat1900: 70
  • Of Brixseyde, and of thee, Ladomëa;
  • The crueltee of thee, queen Medëa,
  • Thy litel children hanging by the hals
  • For thy Iason, that was of love so fals!
  • O Ypermistra, Penelopee, Alceste,Skeat1900: 75
  • Your wyfhod he comendeth with the beste!
  • But certeinly no word ne wryteth he
  • Of thilke wikke ensample of Canacee,
  • That lovede hir owne brother sinfully;
  • Of swiche cursed stories I sey ‘fy’;Skeat1900: 80
  • Or elles of Tyro Apollonius,
  • How that the cursed king Antiochus
  • Birafte his doghter of hir maydenhede,
  • That is so horrible a tale for to rede,
  • Whan he hir threw up-on the pavement.Skeat1900: 85
  • And therfor he, of ful avysement,
  • Nolde never wryte in none of his sermouns
  • Of swiche unkinde abhominaciouns,
  • Ne I wol noon reherse, if that I may.
  • But of my tale how shal I doon this day?Skeat1900: 90
  • Me were looth be lykned, doutelees,
  • To Muses that men clepe Pierides—
  • Metamorphoseos wot what I mene:—
  • But nathelees, I recche noght a bene
  • Though I come after him with hawe-bake;Skeat1900: 95
  • I speke in prose, and lat him rymes make.’
  • And with that word he, with a sobre chere,
  • Bigan his tale, as ye shal after here.
Edition: current; Page: [133]

The Prologe of the Mannes Tale of Lawe.

  • O hateful harm! condicion of poverte!
  • With thurst, with cold, with hunger so confounded!Skeat1900: 100
  • To asken help thee shameth in thyn herte;
  • If thou noon aske, with nede artow so wounded,
  • That verray nede unwrappeth al thy wounde hid!
  • Maugree thyn heed, thou most for indigence
  • Or stele, or begge, or borwe thy despence!Skeat1900: 105
  • Thou blamest Crist, and seyst ful bitterly,
  • He misdeparteth richesse temporal;
  • Thy neighebour thou wytest sinfully,Skeat1900: (10)
  • And seyst thou hast to lyte, and he hath al.
  • ‘Parfay,’ seistow, ‘somtyme he rekne shal,Skeat1900: 110
  • Whan that his tayl shal brennen in the glede,
  • For he noght helpeth needfulle in hir nede.’
  • Herkne what is the sentence of the wyse:—
  • ‘Bet is to dyën than have indigence;’
  • Thy selve neighebour wol thee despyse;Skeat1900: 115
  • If thou be povre, farwel thy reverence!
  • Yet of the wyse man tak this sentence:—
  • ‘Alle the dayes of povre men ben wikke;’Skeat1900: (20)
  • Be war therfor, er thou come in that prikke!
  • If thou be povre, thy brother hateth thee,Skeat1900: 120
  • And alle thy freendes fleen fro thee, alas!
  • O riche marchaunts, ful of wele ben ye,
  • O noble, o prudent folk, as in this cas!
  • Your bagges been nat filled with ambes as,
  • But with sis cink, than renneth for your chaunce;Skeat1900: 125
  • At Cristemasse merie may ye daunce!
  • Ye seken lond and see for your winninges,
  • As wyse folk ye knowen al thestaatSkeat1900: (30)
  • Of regnes; ye ben fadres of tydinges
  • And tales, bothe of pees and of debat.Skeat1900: 130
  • I were right now of tales desolat,
  • Nere that a marchaunt, goon is many a yere,
  • Me taughte a tale, which that ye shal here.
Edition: current; Page: [134]

THE TALE OF THE MAN OF LAWE.

Here beginneth the Man of Lawe his Tale.

    • IN Surrie whylom dwelte a companye
    • Of chapmen riche, and therto sadde and trewe,Skeat1900: 135
    • That wyde-wher senten her spycerye,
    • Clothes of gold, and satins riche of hewe;
    • Her chaffar was so thrifty and so newe,Skeat1900: (40)
    • That every wight hath deyntee to chaffare
    • With hem, and eek to sellen hem hir ware.Skeat1900: 140
    • Now fel it, that the maistres of that sort
    • Han shapen hem to Rome for to wende;
    • Were it for chapmanhode or for disport,
    • Non other message wolde they thider sende,
    • But comen hem-self to Rome, this is the ende;Skeat1900: 145
    • And in swich place, as thoughte hem avantage
    • For her entente, they take her herbergage.
    • Soiourned han thise marchants in that tounSkeat1900: (50)
    • A certein tyme, as fel to hir plesance.
    • And so bifel, that thexcellent renounSkeat1900: 150
    • Of themperoures doghter, dame Custance,
    • Reported was, with every circumstance,
    • Un-to thise Surrien marchants in swich wyse,
    • Fro day to day, as I shal yow devyse.
    • This was the commune vois of every man—Skeat1900: 155
    • ‘Our Emperour of Rome, god him see,
    • A doghter hath that, sin the world bigan,
    • To rekne as wel hir goodnesse as beautee,Skeat1900: (60)
    • Nas never swich another as is she;
    • Edition: current; Page: [135]
    • I prey to god in honour hir sustene,Skeat1900: 160
    • And wolde she were of al Europe the quene.
    • In hir is heigh beautee, with-oute pryde,
    • Yowthe, with-oute grenehede or folye;
    • To alle hir werkes vertu is hir gyde,
    • Humblesse hath slayn in hir al tirannye.Skeat1900: 165
    • She is mirour of alle curteisye;
    • Hir herte is verray chambre of holinesse,
    • Hir hand, ministre of fredom for almesse.’Skeat1900: (70)
    • And al this vois was soth, as god is trewe,
    • But now to purpos lat us turne agayn;Skeat1900: 170
    • Thise marchants han doon fraught hir shippes newe,
    • And, whan they han this blisful mayden seyn,
    • Hoom to Surryë been they went ful fayn,
    • And doon her nedes as they han don yore,
    • And liven in wele; I can sey yow no more.Skeat1900: 175
    • Now fel it, that thise marchants stode in grace
    • Of him, that was the sowdan of Surrye;
    • For whan they came from any strange place,Skeat1900: (80)
    • He wolde, of his benigne curteisye,
    • Make hem good chere, and bisily espyeSkeat1900: 180
    • Tydings of sondry regnes, for to lere
    • The wondres that they mighte seen or here.
    • Amonges othere thinges, specially
    • Thise marchants han him told of dame Custance,
    • So gret noblesse in ernest, ceriously,Skeat1900: 185
    • That this sowdan hath caught so gret plesance
    • To han hir figure in his remembrance,
    • That al his lust and al his bisy cureSkeat1900: (90)
    • Was for to love hir whyl his lyf may dure.
    • Paraventure in thilke large bookSkeat1900: 190
    • Which that men clepe the heven, y-writen was
    • With sterres, whan that he his birthe took,
    • That he for love shulde han his deeth, allas!
    • For in the sterres, clerer than is glas,
    • Is writen, god wot, who-so coude it rede,Skeat1900: 195
    • The deeth of every man, withouten drede.
  • Edition: current; Page: [136]
    • In sterres, many a winter ther-biforn,
    • Was writen the deeth of Ector, Achilles,Skeat1900: (100)
    • Of Pompey, Iulius, er they were born;
    • The stryf of Thebes; and of Ercules,Skeat1900: 200
    • Of Sampson, Turnus, and of Socrates
    • The deeth; but mennes wittes been so dulle,
    • That no wight can wel rede it atte fulle.
    • This sowdan for his privee conseil sente,
    • And, shortly of this mater for to pace,Skeat1900: 205
    • He hath to hem declared his entente,
    • And seyde hem certein, ‘but he mighte have grace
    • To han Custance with-inne a litel space,Skeat1900: (110)
    • He nas but deed;’ and charged hem, in hye,
    • To shapen for his lyf som remedye.Skeat1900: 210
    • Diverse men diverse thinges seyden;
    • They argumenten, casten up and doun;
    • Many a subtil resoun forth they leyden,
    • They speken of magik and abusioun;
    • But finally, as in conclusion,Skeat1900: 215
    • They can not seen in that non avantage,
    • Ne in non other wey, save mariage.
    • Than sawe they ther-in swich difficulteeSkeat1900: (120)
    • By wey of resoun, for to speke al playn,
    • By-cause that ther was swich diversiteeSkeat1900: 220
    • Bitwene hir bothe lawes, that they sayn,
    • They trowe ‘that no cristen prince wolde fayn
    • Wedden his child under oure lawes swete
    • That us were taught by Mahoun our prophete.’
    • And he answerde, ‘rather than I leseSkeat1900: 225
    • Custance, I wol be cristned doutelees;
    • I mot ben hires, I may non other chese.
    • I prey yow holde your arguments in pees;Skeat1900: (130)
    • Saveth my lyf, and beeth noght recchelees
    • To geten hir that hath my lyf in cure;Skeat1900: 230
    • For in this wo I may not longe endure.’
  • Edition: current; Page: [137]
    • What nedeth gretter dilatacioun?
    • I seye, by tretis and embassadrye,
    • And by the popes mediacioun,
    • And al the chirche, and al the chivalrye,Skeat1900: 235
    • That, in destruccioun of Maumetrye,
    • And in encrees of Cristes lawe dere,
    • They ben acorded, so as ye shal here;Skeat1900: (140)
    • How that the sowdan and his baronage
    • And alle his liges shulde y-cristned be,Skeat1900: 240
    • And he shal han Custance in mariage,
    • And certein gold, I noot what quantitee,
    • And her-to founden suffisant seurtee;
    • This same acord was sworn on eyther syde;
    • Now, faire Custance, almighty god thee gyde!Skeat1900: 245
    • Now wolde som men waiten, as I gesse,
    • That I shulde tellen al the purveyance
    • That themperour, of his grete noblesse,Skeat1900: (150)
    • Hath shapen for his doghter dame Custance.
    • Wel may men knowe that so gret ordinanceSkeat1900: 250
    • May no man tellen in a litel clause
    • As was arrayed for so heigh a cause.
    • Bisshopes ben shapen with hir for to wende,
    • Lordes, ladyes, knightes of renoun,
    • And other folk y-nowe, this is the ende;Skeat1900: 255
    • And notifyed is thurgh-out the toun
    • That every wight, with gret devocioun,
    • Shulde preyen Crist that he this mariageSkeat1900: (160)
    • Receyve in gree, and spede this viage.
    • The day is comen of hir departinge,Skeat1900: 260
    • I sey, the woful day fatal is come,
    • That ther may be no lenger taryinge,
    • But forthward they hem dressen, alle and some;
    • Custance, that was with sorwe al overcome,
    • Ful pale arist, and dresseth hir to wende;Skeat1900: 265
    • For wel she seeth ther is non other ende.
  • Edition: current; Page: [138]
    • Allas! what wonder is it though she wepte,
    • That shal be sent to strange naciounSkeat1900: (170)
    • Fro freendes, that so tendrely hir kepte,
    • And to be bounden under subiecciounSkeat1900: 270
    • Of oon, she knoweth not his condicioun.
    • Housbondes been alle gode, and han ben yore,
    • That knowen wyves, I dar say yow no more.
    • ‘Fader,’ she sayde, ‘thy wrecched child Custance,
    • Thy yonge doghter, fostred up so softe,Skeat1900: 275
    • And ye, my moder, my soverayn plesance
    • Over alle thing, out-taken Crist on-lofte,
    • Custance, your child, hir recomandeth ofteSkeat1900: (180)
    • Un-to your grace, for I shal to Surryë,
    • Ne shal I never seen yow more with yë.Skeat1900: 280
    • Allas! un-to the Barbre nacioun
    • I moste anon, sin that it is your wille;
    • But Crist, that starf for our redempcioun,
    • So yeve me grace, his hestes to fulfille;
    • I, wrecche womman, no fors though I spille.Skeat1900: 285
    • Wommen are born to thraldom and penance,
    • And to ben under mannes governance.’
    • I trowe, at Troye, whan Pirrus brak the walSkeat1900: (190)
    • Or Ylion brende, at Thebes the citee,
    • Nat Rome, for the harm thurgh HanibalSkeat1900: 290
    • That Romayns hath venquisshed tymes thre,
    • Nas herd swich tendre weping for pitee
    • As in the chambre was for hir departinge;
    • Bot forth she moot, wher-so she wepe or singe.
    • O firste moevyng cruel firmament,Skeat1900: 295
    • With thy diurnal sweigh that crowdest ay
    • And hurlest al from Est til Occident,
    • That naturelly wolde holde another way,Skeat1900: (200)
    • Thy crowding set the heven in swich array
    • At the beginning of this fiers viage,Skeat1900: 300
    • That cruel Mars hath slayn this mariage.
  • Edition: current; Page: [139]
    • Infortunat ascendent tortuous,
    • Of which the lord is helples falle, allas!
    • Out of his angle in-to the derkest hous.
    • O Mars, O Atazir, as in this cas!Skeat1900: 305
    • O feble mone, unhappy been thy pas!
    • Thou knittest thee ther thou art nat receyved,
    • Ther thou were weel, fro thennes artow weyved.Skeat1900: (210)
    • Imprudent emperour of Rome, allas!
    • Was ther no philosophre in al thy toun?Skeat1900: 310
    • Is no tyme bet than other in swich cas?
    • Of viage is ther noon eleccioun,
    • Namely to folk of heigh condicioun,
    • Nat whan a rote is of a birthe y-knowe?
    • Allas! we ben to lewed or to slowe.Skeat1900: 315
    • To shippe is brought this woful faire mayde
    • Solempnely, with every circumstance.
    • ‘Now Iesu Crist be with yow alle,’ she sayde;Skeat1900: (220)
    • Ther nis namore but ‘farewel! faire Custance!’
    • She peyneth hir to make good countenance,Skeat1900: 320
    • And forth I lete hir sayle in this manere,
    • And turne I wol agayn to my matere.
    • The moder of the sowdan, welle of vyces,
    • Espyëd hath hir sones pleyn entente,
    • How he wol lete his olde sacrifyces,Skeat1900: 325
    • And right anon she for hir conseil sente;
    • And they ben come, to knowe what she mente.
    • And when assembled was this folk in-fere,Skeat1900: (230)
    • She sette hir doun, and sayde as ye shal here.
    • ‘Lordes,’ quod she, ‘ye knowen everichon,Skeat1900: 330
    • How that my sone in point is for to lete
    • The holy lawes of our Alkaron,
    • Yeven by goddes message Makomete.
    • But oon avow to grete god I hete,
    • The lyf shal rather out of my body sterteSkeat1900: 335
    • Than Makometes lawe out of myn herte!
  • Edition: current; Page: [140]
    • What shulde us tyden of this newe lawe
    • But thraldom to our bodies and penance?Skeat1900: (240)
    • And afterward in helle to be drawe
    • For we reneyed Mahoun our creance?Skeat1900: 340
    • But, lordes, wol ye maken assurance,
    • As I shal seyn, assenting to my lore,
    • And I shall make us sauf for evermore?’
    • They sworen and assenten, every man,
    • To live with hir and dye, and by hir stonde;Skeat1900: 345
    • And everich, in the beste wyse he can,
    • To strengthen hir shal alle his freendes fonde;
    • And she hath this empryse y-take on honde,Skeat1900: (250)
    • Which ye shal heren that I shal devyse,
    • And to hem alle she spak right in this wyse.Skeat1900: 350
    • ‘We shul first feyne us cristendom to take,
    • Cold water shal not greve us but a lyte;
    • And I shal swich a feste and revel make,
    • That, as I trowe, I shal the sowdan quyte.
    • For though his wyf be cristned never so whyte,Skeat1900: 355
    • She shal have nede to wasshe awey the rede,
    • Thogh she a font-ful water with hir lede.’
    • O sowdanesse, rote of iniquitee,Skeat1900: (260)
    • Virago, thou Semyram the secounde,
    • O serpent under femininitee,Skeat1900: 360
    • Lyk to the serpent depe in helle y-bounde,
    • O feyned womman, al that may confounde
    • Vertu and innocence, thurgh thy malyce,
    • Is bred in thee, as nest of every vyce!
    • O Satan, envious sin thilke daySkeat1900: 365
    • That thou were chased from our heritage,
    • Wel knowestow to wommen the olde way!
    • Thou madest Eva bringe us in servage.Skeat1900: (270)
    • Thou wolt fordoon this cristen mariage.
    • Thyn instrument so, weylawey the whyle!Skeat1900: 370
    • Makestow of wommen, whan thou wolt begyle.
  • Edition: current; Page: [141]
    • This sowdanesse, whom I thus blame and warie,
    • Leet prively hir conseil goon hir way.
    • What sholde I in this tale lenger tarie?
    • She rydeth to the sowdan on a day,Skeat1900: 375
    • And seyde him, that she wolde reneye hir lay,
    • And cristendom of preestes handes fonge,
    • Repenting hir she hethen was so longe,Skeat1900: (280)
    • Biseching him to doon hir that honour,
    • That she moste han the cristen men to feste;Skeat1900: 380
    • ‘To plesen hem I wol do my labour.’
    • The sowdan seith, ‘I wol don at your heste,’
    • And kneling thanketh hir of that requeste.
    • So glad he was, he niste what to seye;
    • She kiste hir sone, and hoom she gooth hir weye.Skeat1900: 385

Explicit prima pars. Sequitur pars secunda.

    • Arryved ben this cristen folk to londe,
    • In Surrie, with a greet solempne route,
    • And hastily this sowdan sente his sonde,Skeat1900: (290)
    • First to his moder, and al the regne aboute,
    • And seyde, his wyf was comen, out of doute,Skeat1900: 390
    • And preyde hir for to ryde agayn the quene,
    • The honour of his regne to sustene.
    • Gret was the prees, and riche was tharray
    • Of Surriens and Romayns met y-fere;
    • The moder of the sowdan, riche and gay,Skeat1900: 395
    • Receyveth hir with al-so glad a chere
    • As any moder mighte hir doghter dere,
    • And to the nexte citee ther bisydeSkeat1900: (300)
    • A softe pas solempnely they ryde.
    • Noght trowe I the triumphe of Iulius,Skeat1900: 400
    • Of which that Lucan maketh swich a bost,
    • Was royaller, ne more curious
    • Than was thassemblee of this blisful host.
    • But this scorpioun, this wikked gost,
    • Edition: current; Page: [142]
    • The sowdanesse, for al hir flateringe,Skeat1900: 405
    • Caste under this ful mortally to stinge.
    • The sowdan comth him-self sone after this
    • So royally, that wonder is to telle,Skeat1900: (310)
    • And welcometh hir with alle Ioye and blis.
    • And thus in merthe and Ioye I lete hem dwelle.Skeat1900: 410
    • The fruyt of this matere is that I telle.
    • Whan tyme cam, men thoughte it for the beste
    • That revel stinte, and men goon to hir reste.
    • The tyme cam, this olde sowdanesse
    • Ordeyned hath this feste of which I tolde,Skeat1900: 415
    • And to the feste cristen folk hem dresse
    • In general, ye! bothe yonge and olde.
    • Here may men feste and royaltee biholde,Skeat1900: (320)
    • And deyntees mo than I can yow devyse,
    • But al to dere they boughte it er they ryse.Skeat1900: 420
    • O sodeyn wo! that ever art successour
    • To worldly blisse, spreynd with bitternesse;
    • Thende of the Ioye of our worldly labour;
    • Wo occupieth the fyn of our gladnesse.
    • Herke this conseil for thy sikernesse,Skeat1900: 425
    • Up-on thy glade day have in thy minde
    • The unwar wo or harm that comth bihinde.
    • For shortly for to tellen at o word,Skeat1900: (330)
    • The sowdan and the cristen everichone
    • Ben al to-hewe and stiked at the bord,Skeat1900: 430
    • But it were only dame Custance allone.
    • This olde sowdanesse, cursed crone,
    • Hath with hir frendes doon this cursed dede,
    • For she hir-self wolde al the contree lede.
    • Ne ther was Surrien noon that was convertedSkeat1900: 435
    • That of the conseil of the sowdan woot,
    • That he nas al to-hewe er he asterted.
    • And Custance han they take anon, foot-hoot,Skeat1900: (340)
    • And in a shippe al sterelees, god woot,
    • Edition: current; Page: [143]
    • They han hir set, and bidde hir lerne sayleSkeat1900: 440
    • Out of Surrye agaynward to Itayle.
    • A certein tresor that she thider ladde,
    • And, sooth to sayn, vitaille gret plentee
    • They han hir yeven, and clothes eek she hadde,
    • And forth she sayleth in the salte see.Skeat1900: 445
    • O my Custance, ful of benignitee,
    • O emperoures yonge doghter dere,
    • He that is lord of fortune be thy stere!Skeat1900: (350)
    • She blesseth hir, and with ful pitous voys
    • Un-to the croys of Crist thus seyde she,Skeat1900: 450
    • ‘O clere, o welful auter, holy croys,
    • Reed of the lambes blood full of pitee,
    • That wesh the world fro the olde iniquitee,
    • Me fro the feend, and fro his clawes kepe,
    • That day that I shal drenchen in the depe.Skeat1900: 455
    • Victorious tree, proteccioun of trewe,
    • That only worthy were for to bere
    • The king of heven with his woundes newe,Skeat1900: (360)
    • The whyte lamb, that hurt was with the spere,
    • Flemer of feendes out of him and hereSkeat1900: 460
    • On which thy limes feithfully extenden,
    • Me keep, and yif me might my lyf tamenden.’
    • Yeres and dayes fleet this creature
    • Thurghout the see of Grece un-to the strayte
    • Of Marrok, as it was hir aventure;Skeat1900: 465
    • On many a sory meel now may she bayte;
    • After her deeth ful often may she wayte,
    • Er that the wilde wawes wole hir dryveSkeat1900: (370)
    • Un-to the place, ther she shal arryve.
  • Edition: current; Page: [144]
    • Men mighten asken why she was not slayn?Skeat1900: 470
    • Eek at the feste who mighte hir body save?
    • And I answere to that demaunde agayn,
    • Who saved Daniel in the horrible cave,
    • Ther every wight save he, maister and knave,
    • Was with the leoun frete er he asterte?Skeat1900: 475
    • No wight but god, that he bar in his herte.
    • God liste to shewe his wonderful miracle
    • In hir, for we sholde seen his mighty werkes;Skeat1900: (380)
    • Crist, which that is to every harm triacle,
    • By certein menes ofte, as knowen clerkes,Skeat1900: 480
    • Doth thing for certein ende that ful derk is
    • To mannes wit, that for our ignorance
    • Ne conne not knowe his prudent purveyance.
    • Now, sith she was not at the feste y-slawe,
    • Who kepte hir fro the drenching in the see?Skeat1900: 485
    • Who kepte Ionas in the fisshes mawe
    • Til he was spouted up at Ninivee?
    • Wel may men knowe it was no wight but heSkeat1900: (390)
    • That kepte peple Ebraik fro hir drenchinge,
    • With drye feet thurgh-out the see passinge.Skeat1900: 490
    • Who bad the foure spirits of tempest,
    • That power han tanoyen land and see,
    • ‘Bothe north and south, and also west and est,
    • Anoyeth neither see, ne land, ne tree?’
    • Sothly, the comaundour of that was he,Skeat1900: 495
    • That fro the tempest ay this womman kepte
    • As wel whan [that] she wook as whan she slepte.
    • Wher mighte this womman mete and drinke have?Skeat1900: (400)
    • Three yeer and more how lasteth hir vitaille?
    • Who fedde the Egipcien Marie in the cave,Skeat1900: 500
    • Or in desert? no wight but Crist, sans faille.
    • Fyve thousand folk it was as gret mervaille
    • With loves fyve and fisshes two to fede.
    • God sente his foison at hir grete nede.
  • Edition: current; Page: [145]
    • She dryveth forth in-to our occeanSkeat1900: 505
    • Thurgh-out our wilde see, til, atte laste,
    • Under an hold that nempnen I ne can,
    • Fer in Northumberlond the wawe hir caste,Skeat1900: (410)
    • And in the sond hir ship stiked so faste,
    • That thennes wolde it noght of al a tyde,Skeat1900: 510
    • The wille of Crist was that she shulde abyde.
    • The constable of the castel doun is fare
    • To seen this wrak, and al the ship he soghte,
    • And fond this wery womman ful of care;
    • He fond also the tresor that she broghte.Skeat1900: 515
    • In hir langage mercy she bisoghte
    • The lyf out of hir body for to twinne,
    • Hir to delivere of wo that she was inne.Skeat1900: (420)
    • A maner Latin corrupt was hir speche,
    • But algates ther by was she understonde;Skeat1900: 520
    • The constable, whan him list no lenger seche,
    • This woful womman broghte he to the londe;
    • She kneleth doun, and thanketh goddes sonde.
    • But what she was, she wolde no man seye,
    • For foul ne fair, though that she shulde deye.Skeat1900: 525
    • She seyde, she was so mased in the see
    • That she forgat hir minde, by hir trouthe;
    • The constable hath of hir so greet pitee,Skeat1900: (430)
    • And eek his wyf, that they wepen for routhe,
    • She was so diligent, with-outen slouthe,Skeat1900: 530
    • To serve and plesen everich in that place,
    • That alle hir loven that loken on hir face.
    • This constable and dame Hermengild his wyf
    • Were payens, and that contree every-where;
    • But Hermengild lovede hir right as hir lyf,Skeat1900: 535
    • And Custance hath so longe soiourned there,
    • In orisons, with many a bitter tere,
    • Til Iesu hath converted thurgh his graceSkeat1900: (440)
    • Dame Hermengild, constablesse of that place.
  • Edition: current; Page: [146]
    • In al that lond no cristen durste route,Skeat1900: 540
    • Alle cristen folk ben fled fro that contree
    • Thurgh payens, that conquereden al aboute
    • The plages of the North, by land and see;
    • To Walis fled the cristianitee
    • Of olde Britons, dwellinge in this yle;Skeat1900: 545
    • Ther was hir refut for the mene whyle.
    • But yet nere cristen Britons so exyled
    • That ther nere somme that in hir priveteeSkeat1900: (450)
    • Honoured Crist, and hethen folk bigyled;
    • And ny the castel swiche ther dwelten three.Skeat1900: 550
    • That oon of hem was blind, and mighte nat see
    • But it were with thilke yën of his minde,
    • With whiche men seen, after that they ben blinde.
    • Bright was the sonne as in that someres day,
    • For which the constable and his wyf alsoSkeat1900: 555
    • And Custance han y-take the righte way
    • Toward the see, a furlong wey or two,
    • To pleyen and to romen to and fro;Skeat1900: (460)
    • And in hir walk this blinde man they mette
    • Croked and old, with yën faste y-shette.Skeat1900: 560
    • ‘In name of Crist,’ cryde this blinde Britoun,
    • ‘Dame Hermengild, yif me my sighte agayn.’
    • This lady wex affrayed of the soun,
    • Lest that hir housbond, shortly for to sayn,
    • Wolde hir for Iesu Cristes love han slayn,Skeat1900: 565
    • Til Custance made hir bold, and bad hir werche
    • The wil of Crist, as doghter of his chirche.
    • The constable wex abasshed of that sight,Skeat1900: (470)
    • And seyde, ‘what amounteth al this fare?’
    • Custance answerde, ‘sire, it is Cristes might,Skeat1900: 570
    • That helpeth folk out of the feendes snare.’
    • And so ferforth she gan our lay declare,
    • That she the constable, er that it were eve,
    • Converted, and on Crist made him bileve.
  • Edition: current; Page: [147]
    • This constable was no-thing lord of this placeSkeat1900: 575
    • Of which I speke, ther he Custance fond,
    • But kepte it strongly, many wintres space,
    • Under Alla, king of al Northumberlond,Skeat1900: (480)
    • That was ful wys, and worthy of his hond
    • Agayn the Scottes, as men may wel here,Skeat1900: 580
    • But turne I wol agayn to my matere.
    • Sathan, that ever us waiteth to bigyle,
    • Saugh of Custance al hir perfeccioun,
    • And caste anon how he mighte quyte hir whyle,
    • And made a yong knight, that dwelte in that toun,Skeat1900: 585
    • Love hir so hote, of foul affeccioun,
    • That verraily him thoughte he shulde spille
    • But he of hir mighte ones have his wille.Skeat1900: (490)
    • He woweth hir, but it availleth noght,
    • She wolde do no sinne, by no weye;Skeat1900: 590
    • And, for despyt, he compassed in his thoght
    • To maken hir on shamful deth to deye.
    • He wayteth whan the constable was aweye,
    • And prively, up-on a night, he crepte
    • In Hermengildes chambre whyl she slepte.Skeat1900: 595
    • Wery, for-waked in her orisouns,
    • Slepeth Custance, and Hermengild also.
    • This knight, thurgh Sathanas temptaciouns,Skeat1900: (500)
    • Al softely is to the bed y-go,
    • And kitte the throte of Hermengild a-two,Skeat1900: 600
    • And leyde the blody knyf by dame Custance,
    • And wente his wey, ther god yeve him meschance!
    • Sone after comth this constable hoom agayn,
    • And eek Alla, that king was of that lond,
    • And saugh his wyf despitously y-slayn,Skeat1900: 605
    • For which ful ofte he weep and wrong his hond,
    • And in the bed the blody knyf he fond
    • By dame Custance; allas! what mighte she seye?Skeat1900: (510)
    • For verray wo hir wit was al aweye.
  • Edition: current; Page: [148]
    • To king Alla was told al this meschance,Skeat1900: 610
    • And eek the tyme, and where, and in what wyse
    • That in a ship was founden dame Custance,
    • As heer-biforn that ye han herd devyse.
    • The kinges herte of pitee gan agryse,
    • Whan he saugh so benigne a creatureSkeat1900: 615
    • Falle in disese and in misaventure.
    • For as the lomb toward his deeth is broght,
    • So stant this innocent bifore the king;Skeat1900: (520)
    • This false knight that hath this tresoun wroght
    • Berth hir on hond that she hath doon this thing.Skeat1900: 620
    • But nathelees, ther was greet moorning
    • Among the peple, and seyn, ‘they can not gesse
    • That she hath doon so greet a wikkednesse.
    • For they han seyn hir ever so vertuous,
    • And loving Hermengild right as her lyf.’Skeat1900: 625
    • Of this bar witnesse everich in that hous
    • Save he that Hermengild slow with his knyf.
    • This gentil king hath caught a gret motyfSkeat1900: (530)
    • Of this witnesse, and thoghte he wolde enquere
    • Depper in this, a trouthe for to lere.Skeat1900: 630
    • Allas! Custance! thou hast no champioun,
    • Ne fighte canstow nought, so weylawey!
    • But he, that starf for our redempcioun
    • And bond Sathan (and yit lyth ther he lay)
    • So be thy stronge champioun this day!Skeat1900: 635
    • For, but-if Crist open miracle kythe,
    • Withouten gilt thou shalt be slayn as swythe.
    • She sette her doun on knees, and thus she sayde,Skeat1900: (540)
    • ‘Immortal god, that savedest Susanne
    • Fro false blame, and thou, merciful mayde,Skeat1900: 640
    • Mary I mene, doghter to Seint Anne,
    • Bifore whos child aungeles singe Osanne,
    • If I be giltlees of this felonye,
    • My socour be, for elles I shal dye!’
  • Edition: current; Page: [149]
    • Have ye nat seyn som tyme a pale face,Skeat1900: 645
    • Among a prees, of him that hath be lad
    • Toward his deeth, wher-as him gat no grace,
    • And swich a colour in his face hath had,Skeat1900: (550)
    • Men mighte knowe his face, that was bistad,
    • Amonges alle the faces in that route:Skeat1900: 650
    • So stant Custance, and loketh hir aboute.
    • O quenes, livinge in prosperitee,
    • Duchesses, and ye ladies everichone,
    • Haveth som routhe on hir adversitee;
    • An emperoures doghter stant allone;Skeat1900: 655
    • She hath no wight to whom to make hir mone.
    • O blood royal, that stondest in this drede,
    • Fer ben thy freendes at thy grete nede!Skeat1900: (560)
    • This Alla king hath swich compassioun,
    • As gentil herte is fulfild of pitee,Skeat1900: 660
    • That from his yën ran the water doun.
    • ‘Now hastily do fecche a book,’ quod he,
    • ‘And if this knight wol sweren how that she
    • This womman slow, yet wole we us avyse
    • Whom that we wole that shal ben our Iustyse.’Skeat1900: 665
    • A Briton book, writen with Evangyles,
    • Was fet, and on this book he swoor anoon
    • She gilty was, and in the mene whylesSkeat1900: (570)
    • A hand him smoot upon the nekke-boon,
    • That doun he fil atones as a stoon,Skeat1900: 670
    • And bothe his yën broste out of his face
    • In sight of every body in that place.
    • A vois was herd in general audience,
    • And seyde, ‘thou hast desclaundred giltelees
    • The doghter of holy chirche in hey presence;Skeat1900: 675
    • Thus hastou doon, and yet holde I my pees.’
    • Of this mervaille agast was al the prees;
    • As mased folk they stoden everichone,Skeat1900: (580)
    • For drede of wreche, save Custance allone.
  • Edition: current; Page: [150]
    • Greet was the drede and eek the repentanceSkeat1900: 680
    • Of hem that hadden wrong suspeccioun
    • Upon this sely innocent Custance;
    • And, for this miracle, in conclusioun,
    • And by Custances mediacioun,
    • The king, and many another in that place,Skeat1900: 685
    • Converted was, thanked be Cristes grace!
    • This false knight was slayn for his untrouthe
    • By Iugement of Alla hastifly;Skeat1900: (590)
    • And yet Custance hadde of his deeth gret routhe.
    • And after this Iesus, of his mercy,Skeat1900: 690
    • Made Alla wedden ful solempnely
    • This holy mayden, that is so bright and shene,
    • And thus hath Crist y-maad Custance a quene.
    • But who was woful, if I shal nat lye,
    • Of this wedding but Donegild, and na mo,Skeat1900: 695
    • The kinges moder, ful of tirannye?
    • Hir thoughte hir cursed herte brast a-two;
    • She wolde noght hir sone had do so;Skeat1900: (600)
    • Hir thoughte a despit, that he sholde take
    • So strange a creature un-to his make.Skeat1900: 700
    • Me list nat of the chaf nor of the stree
    • Maken so long a tale, as of the corn.
    • What sholde I tellen of the royaltee
    • At mariage, or which cours gooth biforn,
    • Who bloweth in a trompe or in an horn?Skeat1900: 705
    • The fruit of every tale is for to seye;
    • They ete, and drinke, and daunce, and singe, and pleye.
    • They goon to bedde, as it was skile and right;Skeat1900: (610)
    • For, thogh that wyves been ful holy thinges,
    • They moste take in pacience at nightSkeat1900: 710
    • Swich maner necessaries as been plesinges
    • To folk that han y-wedded hem with ringes,
    • And leye a lyte hir holinesse asyde
    • As for the tyme; it may no bet bityde.
  • Edition: current; Page: [151]
    • On hir he gat a knave-child anoon,Skeat1900: 715
    • And to a bishop and his constable eke
    • He took his wyf to kepe, whan he is goon
    • To Scotland-ward, his fo-men for to seke;Skeat1900: (620)
    • Now faire Custance, that is so humble and meke,
    • So longe is goon with childe, til that stilleSkeat1900: 720
    • She halt hir chambre, abyding Cristes wille.
    • The tyme is come, a knave-child she ber;
    • Mauricius at the font-stoon they him calle;
    • This Constable dooth forth come a messager,
    • And wroot un-to his king, that cleped was Alle,Skeat1900: 725
    • How that this blisful tyding is bifalle,
    • And othere tydings speedful for to seye;
    • He takth the lettre, and forth he gooth his weye.Skeat1900: (630)
    • This messager, to doon his avantage,
    • Un-to the kinges moder rydeth swythe,Skeat1900: 730
    • And salueth hir ful faire in his langage,
    • ‘Madame,’ quod he, ‘ye may be glad and blythe,
    • And thanke god an hundred thousand sythe;
    • My lady quene hath child, with-outen doute,
    • To Ioye and blisse of al this regne aboute.Skeat1900: 735
    • Lo, heer the lettres seled of this thing,
    • That I mot bere with al the haste I may;
    • If ye wol aught un-to your sone the king,Skeat1900: (640)
    • I am your servant, bothe night and day.’
    • Donegild answerde, ‘as now at this tyme, nay;Skeat1900: 740
    • But heer al night I wol thou take thy reste,
    • Tomorwe wol I seye thee what me leste.’
    • This messager drank sadly ale and wyn,
    • And stolen were his lettres prively
    • Out of his box, whyl he sleep as a swyn;Skeat1900: 745
    • And countrefeted was ful subtilly
    • Another lettre, wroght ful sinfully,
    • Un-to the king direct of this matereSkeat1900: (650)
    • Fro his constable, as ye shul after here.
  • Edition: current; Page: [152]
    • The lettre spak, ‘the queen delivered wasSkeat1900: 750
    • Of so horrible a feendly creature,
    • That in the castel noon so hardy was
    • That any whyle dorste ther endure.
    • The moder was an elf, by aventure
    • Y-come, by charmes or by sorcerye,Skeat1900: 755
    • And every wight hateth hir companye.’
    • Wo was this king whan he this lettre had seyn,
    • But to no wighte he tolde his sorwes sore,Skeat1900: (660)
    • But of his owene honde he wroot ageyn,
    • ‘Welcome the sonde of Crist for evermoreSkeat1900: 760
    • To me, that am now lerned in his lore;
    • Lord, welcome be thy lust and thy plesaunce,
    • My lust I putte al in thyn ordinaunce!
    • Kepeth this child, al be it foul or fair,
    • And eek my wyf, un-to myn hoom-cominge;Skeat1900: 765
    • Crist, whan him list, may sende me an heir
    • More agreable than this to my lykinge.’
    • This lettre he seleth, prively wepinge,Skeat1900: (670)
    • Which to the messager was take sone,
    • And forth he gooth; ther is na more to done.Skeat1900: 770
    • O messager, fulfild of dronkenesse,
    • Strong is thy breeth, thy limes faltren ay,
    • And thou biwreyest alle secreenesse.
    • Thy mind is lorn, thou Ianglest as a Iay,
    • Thy face is turned in a newe array!Skeat1900: 775
    • Ther dronkenesse regneth in any route,
    • Ther is no conseil hid, with-outen doute.
    • O Donegild, I ne have noon English digneSkeat1900: (680)
    • Un-to thy malice and thy tirannye!
    • And therfor to the feend I thee resigne,Skeat1900: 780
    • Let him endyten of thy traitorye!
    • Fy, mannish, fy! o nay, by god, I lye,
    • Fy, feendly spirit, for I dar wel telle,
    • Though thou heer walke, thy spirit is in helle!
  • Edition: current; Page: [153]
    • This messager comth fro the king agayn,Skeat1900: 785
    • And at the kinges modres court he lighte,
    • And she was of this messager ful fayn,
    • And plesed him in al that ever she mighte.Skeat1900: (690)
    • He drank, and wel his girdel underpighte.
    • He slepeth, and he snoreth in his gyseSkeat1900: 790
    • Al night, un-til the sonne gan aryse.
    • Eft were his lettres stolen everichon
    • And countrefeted lettres in this wyse;
    • ‘The king comandeth his constable anon,
    • Up peyne of hanging, and on heigh Iuÿse,Skeat1900: 795
    • That he ne sholde suffren in no wyse
    • Custance in-with his regne for tabyde
    • Thre dayes and a quarter of a tyde;Skeat1900: (700)
    • But in the same ship as he hir fond,
    • Hir and hir yonge sone, and al hir gere,Skeat1900: 800
    • He sholde putte, and croude hir fro the lond,
    • And charge hir that she never eft come there.’
    • O my Custance, wel may thy goost have fere
    • And sleping in thy dreem been in penance,
    • When Donegild caste al this ordinance!Skeat1900: 805
    • This messager on morwe, whan he wook,
    • Un-to the castel halt the nexte wey,
    • And to the constable he the lettre took;Skeat1900: (710)
    • And whan that he this pitous lettre sey,
    • Ful ofte he seyde ‘allas!’ and ‘weylawey!’Skeat1900: 810
    • ‘Lord Crist,’ quod he, ‘how may this world endure?
    • So ful of sinne is many a creature!
    • O mighty god, if that it be thy wille,
    • Sith thou art rightful Iuge, how may it be
    • That thou wolt suffren innocents to spille,Skeat1900: 815
    • And wikked folk regne in prosperitee?
    • O good Custance, allas! so wo is me
    • That I mot be thy tormentour, or deyeSkeat1900: (720)
    • On shames deeth; ther is noon other weye!’
  • Edition: current; Page: [154]
    • Wepen bothe yonge and olde in al that place,Skeat1900: 820
    • Whan that the king this cursed lettre sente,
    • And Custance, with a deedly pale face,
    • The ferthe day toward hir ship she wente.
    • But natheles she taketh in good entente
    • The wille of Crist, and, kneling on the stronde,Skeat1900: 825
    • She seyde, ‘lord! ay wel-com be thy sonde!
    • He that me kepte fro the false blame
    • Whyl I was on the londe amonges yow,Skeat1900: (730)
    • He can me kepe from harme and eek fro shame
    • In salte see, al-thogh I se nat how.Skeat1900: 830
    • As strong as ever he was, he is yet now.
    • In him triste I, and in his moder dere,
    • That is to me my seyl and eek my stere.’
    • Hir litel child lay weping in hir arm,
    • And kneling, pitously to him she seyde,Skeat1900: 835
    • ‘Pees, litel sone, I wol do thee non harm.’
    • With that hir kerchef of hir heed she breyde,
    • And over his litel yën she it leyde;Skeat1900: (740)
    • And in hir arm she lulleth it ful faste,
    • And in-to heven hir yën up she caste.Skeat1900: 840
    • ‘Moder,’ quod she, ‘and mayde bright, Marye,
    • Sooth is that thurgh wommannes eggement
    • Mankind was lorn and damned ay to dye,
    • For which thy child was on a croys y-rent;
    • Thy blisful yën sawe al his torment;Skeat1900: 845
    • Than is ther no comparisoun bitwene
    • Thy wo and any wo man may sustene.
    • Thou sawe thy child y-slayn bifor thyn yën,Skeat1900: (750)
    • And yet now liveth my litel child, parfay!
    • Now, lady bright, to whom alle woful cryën,Skeat1900: 850
    • Thou glorie of wommanhede, thou faire may,
    • Thou haven of refut, brighte sterre of day,
    • Rewe on my child, that of thy gentillesse
    • Rewest on every rewful in distresse!
  • Edition: current; Page: [155]
    • O litel child, allas! what is thy gilt,Skeat1900: 855
    • That never wroughtest sinne as yet, pardee,
    • Why wil thyn harde fader han thee spilt?
    • O mercy, dere Constable!’ quod she;Skeat1900: (760)
    • ‘As lat my litel child dwelle heer with thee;
    • And if thou darst not saven him, for blame,Skeat1900: 860
    • So kis him ones in his fadres name!’
    • Ther-with she loketh bakward to the londe,
    • And seyde, ‘far-wel, housbond routhelees!’
    • And up she rist, and walketh doun the stronde
    • Toward the ship; hir folweth al the prees,Skeat1900: 865
    • And ever she preyeth hir child to holde his pees;
    • And taketh hir leve, and with an holy entente
    • She blesseth hir; and in-to ship she wente.Skeat1900: (770)
    • Vitailled was the ship, it is no drede,
    • Habundantly for hir, ful longe space,Skeat1900: 870
    • And other necessaries that sholde nede
    • She hadde y-nogh, heried be goddes grace!
    • For wind and weder almighty god purchace,
    • And bringe hir hoom! I can no bettre seye;
    • But in the see she dryveth forth hir weye.Skeat1900: 875

Explicit secunda pars. Sequitur pars tercia.

    • Alla the king comth hoom, sone after this,
    • Unto his castel of the which I tolde,
    • And axeth wher his wyf and his child is.Skeat1900: (780)
    • The constable gan aboute his herte colde,
    • And pleynly al the maner he him toldeSkeat1900: 880
    • As ye han herd, I can telle it no bettre,
    • And sheweth the king his seel and [eek] his lettre,
  • Edition: current; Page: [156]
    • And seyde, ‘lord, as ye comaunded me
    • Up peyne of deeth, so have I doon, certein.’
    • This messager tormented was til heSkeat1900: 885
    • Moste biknowe and tellen, plat and plein,
    • Fro night to night, in what place he had leyn.
    • And thus, by wit and subtil enqueringe,Skeat1900: (790)
    • Ymagined was by whom this harm gan springe.
    • The hand was knowe that the lettre wroot,Skeat1900: 890
    • And al the venim of this cursed dede,
    • But in what wyse, certeinly I noot.
    • Theffect is this, that Alla, out of drede,
    • His moder slow, that men may pleinly rede,
    • For that she traitour was to hir ligeaunce.Skeat1900: 895
    • Thus endeth olde Donegild with meschaunce.
    • The sorwe that this Alla, night and day,
    • Maketh for his wyf and for his child also,Skeat1900: (800)
    • Ther is no tonge that it telle may.
    • But now wol I un-to Custance go,Skeat1900: 900
    • That fleteth in the see, in peyne and wo,
    • Fyve yeer and more, as lyked Cristes sonde,
    • Er that hir ship approched un-to londe.
    • Under an hethen castel, atte laste,
    • Of which the name in my text noght I finde,Skeat1900: 905
    • Custance and eek hir child the see up-caste.
    • Almighty god, that saveth al mankinde,
    • Have on Custance and on hir child som minde,Skeat1900: (810)
    • That fallen is in hethen land eft-sone,
    • In point to spille, as I shal telle yow sone.Skeat1900: 910
    • Doun from the castel comth ther many a wight
    • To gauren on this ship and on Custance.
    • But shortly, from the castel, on a night,
    • The lordes styward—god yeve him meschaunce!—
    • A theef, that had reneyed our creaunce,Skeat1900: 915
    • Com in-to ship allone, and seyde he sholde
    • Hir lemman be, wher-so she wolde or nolde.
  • Edition: current; Page: [157]
    • Wo was this wrecched womman tho bigon,Skeat1900: (820)
    • Hir child cryde, and she cryde pitously;
    • But blisful Marie heelp hir right anon;Skeat1900: 920
    • For with hir strugling wel and mightily
    • The theef fil over bord al sodeinly,
    • And in the see he dreynte for vengeance;
    • And thus hath Crist unwemmed kept Custance.
    • O foule lust of luxurie! lo, thyn ende! Auctor.Skeat1900: 925
    • Nat only that thou feyntest mannes minde,
    • But verraily thou wolt his body shende;
    • Thende of thy werk or of thy lustes blindeSkeat1900: (830)
    • Is compleyning, how many-oon may men finde
    • That noght for werk som-tyme, but for thententeSkeat1900: 930
    • To doon this sinne, ben outher sleyn or shente!
    • How may this wayke womman han this strengthe
    • Hir to defende agayn this renegat?
    • O Golias, unmesurable of lengthe,
    • How mighte David make thee so mat,Skeat1900: 935
    • So yong and of armure so desolat?
    • How dorste he loke up-on thy dredful face?
    • Wel may men seen, it nas but goddes grace!Skeat1900: (840)
    • Who yaf Iudith corage or hardinesse
    • To sleen him, Olofernus, in his tente,Skeat1900: 940
    • And to deliveren out of wrecchednesse
    • The peple of god? I seye, for this entente,
    • That, right as god spirit of vigour sente
    • To hem, and saved hem out of meschance,
    • So sente he might and vigour to Custance.Skeat1900: 945
    • Forth goth hir ship thurgh-out the narwe mouth
    • Of Iubaltar and Septe, dryving ay,
    • Som-tyme West, som-tyme North and South,Skeat1900: (850)
    • And som-tyme Est, ful many a wery day,
    • Til Cristes moder (blessed be she ay!)Skeat1900: 950
    • Edition: current; Page: [158]
    • Hath shapen, thurgh hir endelees goodnesse,
    • To make an ende of al hir hevinesse.
    • Now lat us stinte of Custance but a throwe,
    • And speke we of the Romain Emperour,
    • That out of Surrie hath by lettres knoweSkeat1900: 955
    • The slaughtre of cristen folk, and dishonour
    • Don to his doghter by a fals traitour,
    • I mene the cursed wikked sowdanesse,Skeat1900: (860)
    • That at the feste leet sleen both more and lesse.
    • For which this emperour hath sent anoonSkeat1900: 960
    • His senatour, with royal ordinance,
    • And othere lordes, got wot, many oon,
    • On Surriens to taken heigh vengeance.
    • They brennen, sleen, and bringe hem to meschance
    • Ful many a day; but shortly, this is thende,Skeat1900: 965
    • Homward to Rome they shapen hem to wende.
    • This senatour repaireth with victorie
    • To Rome-ward, sayling ful royally,Skeat1900: (870)
    • And mette the ship dryving, as seith the storie,
    • In which Custance sit ful pitously.Skeat1900: 970
    • No-thing ne knew he what she was, ne why
    • She was in swich array; ne she nil seye
    • Of hir estaat, althogh she sholde deye.
    • He bringeth hir to Rome, and to his wyf
    • He yaf hir, and hir yonge sone also;Skeat1900: 975
    • And with the senatour she ladde her lyf.
    • Thus can our lady bringen out of wo
    • Woful Custance, and many another mo.Skeat1900: (880)
    • And longe tyme dwelled she in that place,
    • In holy werkes ever, as was hir grace.Skeat1900: 980
    • Edition: current; Page: [159]
    • The senatoures wyf hir aunte was,
    • But for al that she knew hir never the more;
    • I wol no lenger tarien in this cas,
    • But to king Alla, which I spak of yore,
    • That for his wyf wepeth and syketh sore,Skeat1900: 985
    • I wol retourne, and lete I wol Custance
    • Under the senatoures governance.
    • King Alla, which that hadde his moder slayn,Skeat1900: (890)
    • Upon a day fil in swich repentance,
    • That, if I shortly tellen shal and plain,Skeat1900: 990
    • To Rome he comth, to receyven his penance;
    • And putte him in the popes ordinance
    • In heigh and low, and Iesu Crist bisoghte
    • Foryeve his wikked werkes that he wroghte.
    • The fame anon thurgh Rome toun is born,Skeat1900: 995
    • How Alla king shal come in pilgrimage,
    • By herbergeours that wenten him biforn;
    • For which the senatour, as was usage,Skeat1900: (900)
    • Rood him ageyn, and many of his linage,
    • As wel to shewen his heighe magnificenceSkeat1900: 1000
    • As to don any king a reverence.
    • Greet chere dooth this noble senatour
    • To king Alla, and he to him also;
    • Everich of hem doth other greet honour;
    • And so bifel that, in a day or two,Skeat1900: 1005
    • This senatour is to king Alla go
    • To feste, and shortly, if I shal nat lye,
    • Custances sone wente in his companye.Skeat1900: (910)
    • Som men wolde seyn, at requeste of Custance,
    • This senatour hath lad this child to feste;Skeat1900: 1010
    • I may nat tellen every circumstance,
    • Be as be may, ther was he at the leste.
    • But soth is this, that, at his modres heste,
    • Biforn Alla, during the metes space,
    • The child stood, loking in the kinges face.Skeat1900: 1015
  • Edition: current; Page: [160]
    • This Alla king hath of this child greet wonder,
    • And to the senatour he seyde anon,
    • ‘Whos is that faire child that stondeth yonder?’Skeat1900: (920)
    • ‘I noot,’ quod he, ‘by god, and by seint Iohn!
    • A moder he hath, but fader hath he nonSkeat1900: 1020
    • That I of woot’—but shortly, in a stounde,
    • He tolde Alla how that this child was founde.
    • ‘But god wot,’ quod this senatour also,
    • ‘So vertuous a livere in my lyf,
    • Ne saugh I never as she, ne herde of moSkeat1900: 1025
    • Of worldly wommen, mayden, nor of wyf;
    • I dar wel seyn hir hadde lever a knyf
    • Thurgh-out her breste, than been a womman wikke;Skeat1900: (930)
    • Ther is no man coude bringe hir to that prikke.’
    • Now was this child as lyk un-to CustanceSkeat1900: 1030
    • As possible is a creature to be.
    • This Alla hath the face in remembrance
    • Of dame Custance, and ther-on mused he
    • If that the childes moder were aught she
    • That was his wyf, and prively he sighte,Skeat1900: 1035
    • And spedde him fro the table that he mighte.
    • ‘Parfay,’ thoghte he, ‘fantome is in myn heed!
    • I oghte deme, of skilful Iugement,Skeat1900: (940)
    • That in the salte see my wyf is deed.’
    • And afterward he made his argument—Skeat1900: 1040
    • ‘What woot I, if that Crist have hider y-sent
    • My wyf by see, as wel as he hir sente
    • To my contree fro thennes that she wente?’
    • And, after noon, hoom with the senatour
    • Goth Alla, for to seen this wonder chaunce.Skeat1900: 1045
    • This senatour dooth Alla greet honour,
    • And hastifly he sente after Custaunce.
    • But trusteth weel, hir liste nat to daunceSkeat1900: (950)
    • Whan that she wiste wherefor was that sonde.
    • Unnethe up-on hir feet she mighte stonde.Skeat1900: 1050
  • Edition: current; Page: [161]
    • When Alla saugh his wyf, faire he hir grette,
    • And weep, that it was routhe for to see.
    • For at the firste look he on hir sette
    • He knew wel verraily that it was she.
    • And she for sorwe as domb stant as a tree;Skeat1900: 1055
    • So was hir herte shet in hir distresse
    • Whan she remembred his unkindenesse.
    • Twyës she swowned in his owne sighte;Skeat1900: (960)
    • He weep, and him excuseth pitously:—
    • ‘Now god,’ quod he, ‘and alle his halwes brighteSkeat1900: 1060
    • So wisly on my soule as have mercy,
    • That of your harm as giltelees am I
    • As is Maurice my sone so lyk your face;
    • Elles the feend me fecche out of this place!’
    • Long was the sobbing and the bitter peyneSkeat1900: 1065
    • Er that hir woful hertes mighte cesse;
    • Greet was the pitee for to here hem pleyne,
    • Thurgh whiche pleintes gan hir wo encresse.Skeat1900: (970)
    • I prey yow al my labour to relesse;
    • I may nat telle hir wo un-til tomorwe,Skeat1900: 1070
    • I am so wery for to speke of sorwe.
    • But fynally, when that the sooth is wist
    • That Alla giltelees was of hir wo,
    • I trowe an hundred tymes been they kist,
    • And swich a blisse is ther bitwix hem twoSkeat1900: 1075
    • That, save the Ioye that lasteth evermo,
    • Ther is non lyk, that any creature
    • Hath seyn or shal, whyl that the world may dure.Skeat1900: (980)
    • Tho preyde she hir housbond mekely,
    • In relief of hir longe pitous pyne,Skeat1900: 1080
    • That he wold preye hir fader specially
    • That, of his magestee, he wolde enclyne
    • To vouche-sauf som day with him to dyne;
    • She preyde him eek, he sholde by no weye
    • Un-to hir fader no word of hir seye.Skeat1900: 1085
  • Edition: current; Page: [162]
    • Som men wold seyn, how that the child Maurice
    • Doth this message un-to this emperour;
    • But, as I gesse, Alla was nat so nyceSkeat1900: (990)
    • To him, that was of so sovereyn honour
    • As he that is of cristen folk the flour,Skeat1900: 1090
    • Sente any child, but it is bet to deme
    • He wente him-self, and so it may wel seme.
    • This emperour hath graunted gentilly
    • To come to diner, as he him bisoghte;
    • And wel rede I, he loked bisilySkeat1900: 1095
    • Up-on this child, and on his doghter thoghte.
    • Alla goth to his in, and, as him oghte,
    • Arrayed for this feste in every wyseSkeat1900: (1000)
    • As ferforth as his conning may suffyse.
    • The morwe cam, and Alla gan him dresse,Skeat1900: 1100
    • And eek his wyf, this emperour to mete;
    • And forth they ryde in Ioye and in gladnesse.
    • And whan she saugh hir fader in the strete,
    • She lighte doun, and falleth him to fete.
    • ‘Fader,’ quod she, ‘your yonge child CustanceSkeat1900: 1105
    • Is now ful clene out of your remembrance.
    • I am your doghter Custance,’ quod she,
    • ‘That whylom ye han sent un-to Surrye.Skeat1900: (1010)
    • It am I, fader, that in the salte see
    • Was put allone and dampned for to dye.Skeat1900: 1110
    • Now, gode fader, mercy I yow crye,
    • Send me namore un-to non hethenesse,
    • But thonketh my lord heer of his kindenesse.’
    • Who can the pitous Ioye tellen al
    • Bitwix hem three, sin they ben thus y-mette?Skeat1900: 1115
    • But of my tale make an ende I shal;
    • The day goth faste, I wol no lenger lette.
    • This glade folk to diner they hem sette;Skeat1900: (1020)
    • In Ioye and blisse at mete I lete hem dwelle
    • A thousand fold wel more than I can telle.Skeat1900: 1120
  • Edition: current; Page: [163]
    • This child Maurice was sithen emperour
    • Maad by the pope, and lived cristenly.
    • To Cristes chirche he dide greet honour;
    • But I lete al his storie passen by,
    • Of Custance is my tale specially.Skeat1900: 1125
    • In olde Romayn gestes may men finde
    • Maurices lyf; I bere it noght in minde.
    • This king Alla, whan he his tyme sey,Skeat1900: (1030)
    • With his Custance, his holy wyf so swete,
    • To Engelond been they come the righte wey,Skeat1900: 1130
    • Wher-as they live in Ioye and in quiete.
    • But litel whyl it lasteth, I yow hete,
    • Ioye of this world, for tyme wol nat abyde;
    • Fro day to night it changeth as the tyde.
    • Who lived ever in swich delyt o daySkeat1900: 1135
    • That him ne moeved outher conscience,
    • Or ire, or talent, or som kin affray,
    • Envye, or pryde, or passion, or offence?Skeat1900: (1040)
    • I ne seye but for this ende this sentence,
    • That litel whyl in Ioye or in plesanceSkeat1900: 1140
    • Lasteth the blisse of Alla with Custance.
    • For deeth, that taketh of heigh and low his rente,
    • When passed was a yeer, even as I gesse,
    • Out of this world this king Alla he hente,
    • For whom Custance hath ful gret hevinesse.Skeat1900: 1145
    • Now lat us preyen god his soule blesse!
    • And dame Custance, fynally to seye,
    • Towards the toun of Rome gooth hir weye.Skeat1900: (1050)
    • To Rome is come this holy creature,
    • And fyndeth ther hir frendes hole and sounde:Skeat1900: 1150
    • Now is she scaped al hir aventure;
    • And whan that she hir fader hath y-founde,
    • Doun on hir knees falleth she to grounde;
    • Edition: current; Page: [164]
    • Weping for tendrenesse in herte blythe,
    • She herieth god an hundred thousand sythe.Skeat1900: 1155
    • In vertu and in holy almes-dede
    • They liven alle, and never a-sonder wende;
    • Til deeth departed hem, this lyf they lede.Skeat1900: (1060)
    • And fareth now weel, my tale is at an ende.
    • Now Iesu Crist, that of his might may sendeSkeat1900: 1160
    • Ioye after wo, governe us in his grace,
    • And kepe us alle that ben in this place! Amen.

Here endeth the Tale of the Man of Lawe; and next folweth the Shipmannes Prolog.

Edition: current; Page: [165]

THE SHIPMAN’S PROLOGUE.

Here biginneth the Shipmannes Prolog.

asterisks In Tyrwhitt’s text, ll. 12903-12924.

  • OUR hoste up-on his stiropes stood anon,
  • And seyde, ‘good men, herkneth everich on;
  • This was a thrifty tale for the nones!Skeat1900: 1165
  • Sir parish prest,’ quod he, ‘for goddes bones,
  • Tel us a tale, as was thy forward yore.
  • I see wel that ye lerned men in lore
  • Can moche good, by goddes dignitee!’
  • The Persone him answerde, ‘benedicte!Skeat1900: 1170
  • What eyleth the man, so sinfully to swere?’
  • Our hoste answerde, ‘O Iankin, be ye there?Skeat1900: (10)
  • I smelle a loller in the wind,’ quod he.
  • ‘How! good men,’ quod our hoste, ‘herkneth me;
  • Abydeth, for goddes digne passioun,Skeat1900: 1175
  • For we shal han a predicacioun;
  • This loller heer wil prechen us som-what.’
  • ‘Nay, by my fader soule! that shal be nat,’
  • Seyde the Shipman; ‘heer he shal nat preche,
  • He shal no gospel glosen heer ne teche.Skeat1900: 1180
  • We leve alle in the grete god,’ quod he,
  • ‘He wolde sowen som difficultee,Skeat1900: (20)
  • Or springen cokkel in our clene corn;
  • And therfor, hoste, I warne thee biforn,
Edition: current; Page: [166]
  • My Ioly body shal a tale telle,Skeat1900: 1185
  • And I shal clinken yow so mery a belle,
  • That I shal waken al this companye;
  • But it shal nat ben of philosophye,
  • Ne physices, ne termes queinte of lawe;Skeat1900: (27)
  • Ther is but litel Latin in my mawe.’Skeat1900: 1190

Here endeth the Shipman his Prolog.

Edition: current; Page: [167]

THE SHIPMANNES TALE.

Here biginneth the Shipmannes Tale.

  • A Marchant whylom dwelled at Seint Denys,
  • That riche was, for which men helde him wys;
  • A wyf he hadde of excellent beautee,
  • And compaignable and revelous was she,
  • Which is a thing that causeth more dispenceSkeat1900: 1195
  • Than worth is al the chere and reverence
  • That men hem doon at festes and at daunces;
  • Swiche salutaciouns and contenaunces
  • Passen as dooth a shadwe up-on the wal.
  • But wo is him that payen moot for al;Skeat1900: 1200
  • The sely housbond, algate he mot paye;Skeat1900: (11)
  • He moot us clothe, and he moot us arraye,
  • Al for his owene worship richely,
  • In which array we daunce Iolily.
  • And if that he noght may, par-aventure,Skeat1900: 1205
  • Or elles, list no swich dispence endure,
  • But thinketh it is wasted and y-lost,
  • Than moot another payen for our cost,
  • Or lene us gold, and that is perilous.
  • This noble Marchant heeld a worthy hous,Skeat1900: 1210
  • For which he hadde alday so greet repairSkeat1900: (21)
  • For his largesse, and for his wyf was fair,
  • That wonder is; but herkneth to my tale.
  • Amonges alle his gestes, grete and smale,
  • Ther was a monk, a fair man and a bold,Skeat1900: 1215
  • I trowe of thritty winter he was old,
  • That ever in oon was drawing to that place.
  • Edition: current; Page: [168]
  • This yonge monk, that was so fair of face,
  • Aqueinted was so with the gode man,
  • Sith that hir firste knoweliche bigan,Skeat1900: 1220
  • That in his hous as famulier was heSkeat1900: (31)
  • As it possible is any freend to be.
  • And for as muchel as this gode man
  • And eek this monk, of which that I bigan,
  • Were bothe two y-born in o village,Skeat1900: 1225
  • The monk him claimeth as for cosinage;
  • And he again, he seith nat ones nay,
  • But was as glad ther-of as fowel of day;
  • For to his herte it was a greet plesaunce.
  • Thus been they knit with eterne alliaunce,Skeat1900: 1230
  • And ech of hem gan other for tassureSkeat1900: (41)
  • Of bretherhede, whyl that hir lyf may dure.
  • Free was daun Iohn, and namely of dispence,
  • As in that hous; and ful of diligence
  • To doon plesaunce, and also greet costage.Skeat1900: 1235
  • He noght forgat to yeve the leeste page
  • In al that hous; but, after hir degree,
  • He yaf the lord, and sitthe al his meynee,
  • When that he cam, som maner honest thing;
  • For which they were as glad of his comingSkeat1900: 1240
  • As fowel is fayn, whan that the sonne up-ryseth.Skeat1900: (51)
  • Na more of this as now, for it suffyseth.
  • But so bifel, this marchant on a day
  • Shoop him to make redy his array
  • Toward the toun of Brugges for to fare,Skeat1900: 1245
  • To byen ther a porcioun of ware;
  • For which he hath to Paris sent anon
  • A messager, and preyed hath daun Iohn
  • That he sholde come to Seint Denys to pleye
  • With him and with his wyf a day or tweye,Skeat1900: 1250
  • Er he to Brugges wente, in alle wyse.Skeat1900: (61)
  • This noble monk, of which I yow devyse,
  • Hath of his abbot, as him list, licence,
  • By-cause he was a man of heigh prudence,
  • Edition: current; Page: [169]
  • And eek an officer, out for to ryde,Skeat1900: 1255
  • To seen hir graunges and hir bernes wyde;
  • And un-to Seint Denys he comth anon.
  • Who was so welcome as my lord daun Iohn,
  • Our dere cosin, ful of curteisye?
  • With him broghte he a Iubbe of Malvesye,Skeat1900: 1260
  • And eek another, ful of fyn Vernage,Skeat1900: (71)
  • And volatyl, as ay was his usage.
  • And thus I lete hem ete and drinke and pleye,
  • This marchant and this monk, a day or tweye.
  • The thridde day, this marchant up aryseth,Skeat1900: 1265
  • And on his nedes sadly him avyseth,
  • And up in-to his countour-hous goth he
  • To rekene with him-self, as wel may be,
  • Of thilke yeer, how that it with him stood,
  • And how that he despended hadde his good;Skeat1900: 1270
  • And if that he encressed were or noon.Skeat1900: (81)
  • His bokes and his bagges many oon
  • He leith biforn him on his counting-bord;
  • Ful riche was his tresor and his hord,
  • For which ful faste his countour-dore he shette;Skeat1900: 1275
  • And eek he nolde that no man sholde him lette
  • Of his accountes, for the mene tyme;
  • And thus he sit til it was passed pryme.
  • Daun Iohn was risen in the morwe also,
  • And in the gardin walketh to and fro,Skeat1900: 1280
  • And hath his thinges seyd ful curteisly.Skeat1900: (91)
  • This gode wyf cam walking prively
  • In-to the gardin, ther he walketh softe,
  • And him saleweth, as she hath don ofte.
  • A mayde child cam in hir companye,Skeat1900: 1285
  • Which as hir list she may governe and gye,
  • For yet under the yerde was the mayde.
  • ‘O dere cosin myn, daun Iohn,’ she sayde,
  • ‘What eyleth yow so rathe for to ryse?’
  • ‘Nece,’ quod he, ‘it oghte y-nough suffyseSkeat1900: 1290
  • Fyve houres for to slepe up-on a night,Skeat1900: (101)
  • Edition: current; Page: [170]
  • But it were for an old appalled wight,
  • As been thise wedded men, that lye and dare
  • As in a forme sit a wery hare,
  • Were al for-straught with houndes grete and smale.Skeat1900: 1295
  • But dere nece, why be ye so pale?
  • I trowe certes that our gode man
  • Hath yow laboured sith the night bigan,
  • That yow were nede to resten hastily?’
  • And with that word he lough ful merily,Skeat1900: 1300
  • And of his owene thought he wex al reed.Skeat1900: (111)
  • This faire wyf gan for to shake hir heed,
  • And seyde thus, ‘ye, god wot al,’ quod she;
  • ‘Nay, cosin myn, it stant nat so with me.
  • For, by that god that yaf me soule and lyf,Skeat1900: 1305
  • In al the reme of France is ther no wyf
  • That lasse lust hath to that sory pley.
  • For I may singe “allas” and “weylawey,
  • That I was born,” but to no wight,’ quod she,
  • ‘Dar I nat telle how that it stant with me.Skeat1900: 1310
  • Wherfore I thinke out of this land to wende,Skeat1900: (121)
  • Or elles of my-self to make an ende,
  • So ful am I of drede and eek of care.’
  • This monk bigan up-on this wyf to stare,
  • And seyde, ‘allas, my nece, god forbedeSkeat1900: 1315
  • That ye, for any sorwe or any drede,
  • Fordo your-self; but telleth me your grief;
  • Paraventure I may, in your meschief,
  • Conseille or helpe, and therfore telleth me
  • Al your anoy, for it shal been secree;Skeat1900: 1320
  • For on my porthors here I make an ooth,Skeat1900: (131)
  • That never in my lyf, for lief ne looth,
  • Ne shal I of no conseil yow biwreye.’
  • ‘The same agayn to yow,’ quod she, ‘I seye;
  • By god and by this porthors, I yow swere,Skeat1900: 1325
  • Though men me wolde al in-to peces tere,
  • Edition: current; Page: [171]
  • Ne shal I never, for to goon to helle,
  • Biwreye a word of thing that ye me telle,
  • Nat for no cosinage ne alliance,
  • But verraily, for love and affiance.’Skeat1900: 1330
  • Thus been they sworn, and heer-upon they kiste,Skeat1900: (141)
  • And ech of hem tolde other what hem liste.
  • ‘Cosin,’ quod she, ‘if that I hadde a space,
  • As I have noon, and namely in this place,
  • Than wolde I telle a legende of my lyf,Skeat1900: 1335
  • What I have suffred sith I was a wyf
  • With myn housbonde, al be ne your cosyn.’
  • ‘Nay,’ quod this monk, ‘by god and seint Martyn,
  • He is na more cosin un-to me
  • Than is this leef that hangeth on the tree!Skeat1900: 1340
  • I clepe him so, by Seint Denys of Fraunce,Skeat1900: (151)
  • To have the more cause of aqueintaunce
  • Of yow, which I have loved specially
  • Aboven alle wommen sikerly;
  • This swere I yow on my professioun.Skeat1900: 1345
  • Telleth your grief, lest that he come adoun,
  • And hasteth yow, and gooth your wey anon.’
  • ‘My dere love,’ quod she, ‘o my daun Iohn,
  • Ful lief were me this conseil for to hyde,
  • But out it moot, I may namore abyde.Skeat1900: 1350
  • Myn housbond is to me the worste manSkeat1900: (161)
  • That ever was, sith that the world bigan.
  • But sith I am a wyf, it sit nat me
  • To tellen no wight of our privetee,
  • Neither a bedde, ne in non other place;Skeat1900: 1355
  • God shilde I sholde it tellen, for his grace!
  • A wyf ne shal nat seyn of hir housbonde
  • But al honour, as I can understonde;
  • Save un-to yow thus muche I tellen shal;
  • As help me god, he is noght worth at alSkeat1900: 1360
  • In no degree the value of a flye.Skeat1900: (171)
  • But yet me greveth most his nigardye;
  • And wel ye woot that wommen naturelly
  • Edition: current; Page: [172]
  • Desyren thinges sixe, as wel as I.
  • They wolde that hir housbondes sholde beSkeat1900: 1365
  • Hardy, and wyse, and riche, and ther-to free,
  • And buxom to his wyf, and fresh a-bedde.
  • But, by that ilke lord that for us bledde,
  • For his honour, my-self for to arraye,
  • A Sonday next, I moste nedes payeSkeat1900: 1370
  • An hundred frankes, or elles am I lorn.Skeat1900: (181)
  • Yet were me lever that I were unborn
  • Than me were doon a sclaundre or vileinye;
  • And if myn housbond eek it mighte espye,
  • I nere but lost, and therfore I yow preyeSkeat1900: 1375
  • Lene me this somme, or elles moot I deye.
  • Daun Iohn, I seye, lene me thise hundred frankes;
  • Pardee, I wol nat faille yow my thankes,
  • If that yow list to doon that I yow praye.
  • For at a certein day I wol yow paye,Skeat1900: 1380
  • And doon to yow what plesance and servyceSkeat1900: (191)
  • That I may doon, right as yow list devyse.
  • And but I do, god take on me vengeance
  • As foul as ever had Geniloun of France!’
  • This gentil monk answerde in this manere;Skeat1900: 1385
  • ‘Now, trewely, myn owene lady dere,
  • I have,’ quod he, ‘on yow so greet a routhe,
  • That I yow swere and plighte yow my trouthe,
  • That whan your housbond is to Flaundres fare,
  • I wol delivere yow out of this care;Skeat1900: 1390
  • For I wol bringe yow an hundred frankes.’Skeat1900: (201)
  • And with that word he caughte hir by the flankes,
  • And hir embraceth harde, and kiste hir ofte.
  • ‘Goth now your wey,’ quod he, ‘al stille and softe,
  • And lat us dyne as sone as that ye may;Skeat1900: 1395
  • For by my chilindre it is pryme of day.
  • Goth now, and beeth as trewe as I shal be.’
  • ‘Now, elles god forbede, sire,’ quod she,
  • And forth she gooth, as Iolif as a pye,
  • And bad the cokes that they sholde hem hye,Skeat1900: 1400
  • Edition: current; Page: [173]
  • So that men mighte dyne, and that anon.Skeat1900: (211)
  • Up to hir housbonde is this wyf y-gon,
  • And knokketh at his countour boldely.
  • ‘Qui la?’ quod he. ‘Peter! it am I,’
  • Quod she, ‘what, sire, how longe wol ye faste?Skeat1900: 1405
  • How longe tyme wol ye rekene and caste
  • Your sommes, and your bokes, and your thinges?
  • The devel have part of alle swiche rekeninges!
  • Ye have y-nough, pardee, of goddes sonde;
  • Come doun to-day, and lat your bagges stonde.Skeat1900: 1410
  • Ne be ye nat ashamed that daun IohnSkeat1900: (221)
  • Shal fasting al this day elenge goon?
  • What! lat us here a messe, and go we dyne.’
  • ‘Wyf,’ quod this man, ‘litel canstow devyne
  • The curious bisinesse that we have.Skeat1900: 1415
  • For of us chapmen, al-so god me save,
  • And by that lord that cleped is Seint Yve,
  • Scarsly amonges twelve ten shul thryve,
  • Continuelly, lastinge un-to our age.
  • We may wel make chere and good visage,Skeat1900: 1420
  • And dryve forth the world as it may be,Skeat1900: (231)
  • And kepen our estaat in privetee,
  • Til we be deed, or elles that we pleye
  • A pilgrimage, or goon out of the weye.
  • And therfor have I greet necessiteeSkeat1900: 1425
  • Up-on this queinte world tavyse me;
  • For evermore we mote stonde in drede
  • Of hap and fortune in our chapmanhede.
  • To Flaundres wol I go to-morwe at day,
  • And come agayn, as sone as ever I may.Skeat1900: 1430
  • For which, my dere wyf, I thee biseke,Skeat1900: (241)
  • As be to every wight buxom and meke,
  • And for to kepe our good be curious,
  • And honestly governe wel our hous.
  • Thou hast y-nough, in every maner wyse,Skeat1900: 1435
  • That to a thrifty houshold may suffyse.
  • Edition: current; Page: [174]
  • Thee lakketh noon array ne no vitaille,
  • Of silver in thy purs shaltow nat faille.’
  • And with that word his countour-dore he shette,
  • And doun he gooth, no lenger wolde he lette,Skeat1900: 1440
  • But hastily a messe was ther seyd,Skeat1900: (251)
  • And spedily the tables were y-leyd,
  • And to the diner faste they hem spedde;
  • And richely this monk the chapman fedde.
  • At-after diner daun Iohn sobrelySkeat1900: 1445
  • This chapman took a-part, and prively
  • He seyde him thus, ‘cosyn, it standeth so,
  • That wel I see to Brugges wol ye go.
  • God and seint Austin spede yow and gyde!
  • I prey yow, cosin, wysly that ye ryde;Skeat1900: 1450
  • Governeth yow also of your dieteSkeat1900: (261)
  • Atemprely, and namely in this hete.
  • Bitwix us two nedeth no strange fare;
  • Fare-wel, cosyn; god shilde yow fro care.
  • If any thing ther be by day or night,Skeat1900: 1455
  • If it lye in my power and my might,
  • That ye me wol comande in any wyse,
  • It shal be doon, right as ye wol devyse.
  • O thing, er that ye goon, if it may be,
  • I wolde prey yow; for to lene meSkeat1900: 1460
  • An hundred frankes, for a wyke or tweye,Skeat1900: (271)
  • For certein beestes that I moste beye,
  • To store with a place that is oures.
  • God help me so, I wolde it were youres!
  • I shal nat faille surely of my day,Skeat1900: 1465
  • Nat for a thousand frankes, a myle-way.
  • But lat this thing be secree, I yow preye,
  • For yet to-night thise beestes moot I beye;
  • And fare-now wel, myn owene cosin dere,
  • Graunt mercy of your cost and of your chere.’Skeat1900: 1470
  • This noble marchant gentilly anonSkeat1900: (281)
  • Answerde, and seyde, ‘o cosin myn, daun Iohn,
  • Now sikerly this is a smal requeste;
  • My gold is youres, whan that it yow leste.
  • Edition: current; Page: [175]
  • And nat only my gold, but my chaffare;Skeat1900: 1475
  • Take what yow list, god shilde that ye spare.
  • But o thing is, ye knowe it wel y-nogh,
  • Of chapmen, that hir moneye is hir plogh.
  • We may creaunce whyl we have a name,
  • But goldlees for to be, it is no game.Skeat1900: 1480
  • Paye it agayn whan it lyth in your ese;Skeat1900: (291)
  • After my might ful fayn wolde I yow plese.’
  • Thise hundred frankes he fette forth anon,
  • And prively he took hem to daun Iohn.
  • No wight in al this world wiste of this lone,Skeat1900: 1485
  • Savinge this marchant and daun Iohn allone.
  • They drinke, and speke, and rome a whyle and pleye,
  • Til that daun Iohn rydeth to his abbeye.
  • The morwe cam, and forth this marchant rydeth
  • To Flaundres-ward; his prentis wel him gydeth,Skeat1900: 1490
  • Til he cam in-to Brugges merily.Skeat1900: (301)
  • Now gooth this marchant faste and bisily
  • Aboute his nede, and byeth and creaunceth.
  • He neither pleyeth at the dees ne daunceth;
  • But as a marchant, shortly for to telle,Skeat1900: 1495
  • He let his lyf, and there I lete him dwelle.
  • The Sonday next this Marchant was agon,
  • To Seint Denys y-comen is daun Iohn,
  • With crowne and berd all fresh and newe y-shave.
  • In al the hous ther nas so litel a knave,Skeat1900: 1500
  • Ne no wight elles, that he nas ful fayn,Skeat1900: (311)
  • For that my lord daun Iohn was come agayn.
  • And shortly to the point right for to gon,
  • This faire wyf accorded with daun Iohn,
  • That for thise hundred frankes he sholde al nightSkeat1900: 1505
  • Have hir in his armes bolt-upright;
  • And this acord parfourned was in dede.
  • In mirthe al night a bisy lyf they lede
  • Til it was day, that daun Iohn wente his way,
  • And bad the meynee ‘fare-wel, have good day!’Skeat1900: 1510
  • Edition: current; Page: [176]
  • For noon of hem, ne no wight in the toun,Skeat1900: (321)
  • Hath of daun Iohn right no suspecioun.
  • And forth he rydeth hoom to his abbeye,
  • Or where him list; namore of him I seye.
  • This marchant, whan that ended was the faire,Skeat1900: 1515
  • To Seint Denys he gan for to repaire,
  • And with his wyf he maketh feste and chere,
  • And telleth hir that chaffare is so dere,
  • That nedes moste he make a chevisaunce.
  • For he was bounde in a reconissaunceSkeat1900: 1520
  • To paye twenty thousand sheeld anon.Skeat1900: (331)
  • For which this marchant is to Paris gon,
  • To borwe of certein frendes that he hadde
  • A certein frankes; and somme with him he ladde.
  • And whan that he was come in-to the toun,Skeat1900: 1525
  • For greet chertee and greet affeccioun,
  • Un-to daun Iohn he gooth him first, to pleye;
  • Nat for to axe or borwe of him moneye,
  • But for to wite and seen of his welfare,
  • And for to tellen him of his chaffare,Skeat1900: 1530
  • As freendes doon whan they ben met y-fere.Skeat1900: (341)
  • Daun Iohn him maketh feste and mery chere;
  • And he him tolde agayn ful specially,
  • How he hadde wel y-boght and graciously,
  • Thanked be god, al hool his marchandyse.Skeat1900: 1535
  • Save that he moste, in alle maner wyse,
  • Maken a chevisaunce, as for his beste,
  • And thanne he sholde been in Ioye and reste.
  • Daun Iohn answerde, ‘certes, I am fayn
  • That ye in hele ar comen hoom agayn.Skeat1900: 1540
  • And if that I were riche, as have I blisse,Skeat1900: (351)
  • Of twenty thousand sheeld shold ye nat misse,
  • For ye so kindely this other day
  • Lente me gold; and as I can and may,
  • I thanke yow, by god and by seint Iame!Skeat1900: 1545
  • But nathelees I took un-to our dame,
  • Your wyf at hoom, the same gold ageyn
  • Edition: current; Page: [177]
  • Upon your bench; she woot it wel, certeyn,
  • By certein tokenes that I can hir telle.
  • Now, by your leve, I may no lenger dwelle,Skeat1900: 1550
  • Our abbot wol out of this toun anon;Skeat1900: (361)
  • And in his companye moot I gon.
  • Grete wel our dame, myn owene nece swete,
  • And fare-wel, dere cosin, til we mete!’
  • This Marchant, which that was ful war and wys,Skeat1900: 1555
  • Creaunced hath, and payd eek in Parys,
  • To certeyn Lumbardes, redy in hir hond,
  • The somme of gold, and gat of hem his bond;
  • And hoom he gooth, mery as a papeiay.
  • For wel he knew he stood in swich array,Skeat1900: 1560
  • That nedes moste he winne in that viageSkeat1900: (371)
  • A thousand frankes above al his costage.
  • His wyf ful redy mette him atte gate,
  • As she was wont of old usage algate,
  • And al that night in mirthe they bisette;Skeat1900: 1565
  • For he was riche and cleerly out of dette.
  • Whan it was day, this marchant gan embrace
  • His wyf al newe, and kiste hir on hir face,
  • And up he gooth and maketh it ful tough.
  • ‘Namore,’ quod she, ‘by god, ye have y-nough!’Skeat1900: 1570
  • And wantounly agayn with him she pleyde;Skeat1900: (381)
  • Til, atte laste, that this Marchant seyde,
  • ‘By god,’ quod he, ‘I am a litel wrooth
  • With yow, my wyf, al-thogh it be me looth.
  • And woot ye why? by god, as that I gesse,Skeat1900: 1575
  • That ye han maad a maner straungenesse
  • Bitwixen me and my cosyn daun Iohn.
  • Ye sholde han warned me, er I had gon,
  • That he yow hadde an hundred frankes payed
  • By redy tokene; and heeld him yvel apayed,Skeat1900: 1580
  • For that I to him spak of chevisaunce,Skeat1900: (391)
  • Me semed so, as by his contenaunce.
  • But nathelees, by god our hevene king,
  • Edition: current; Page: [178]
  • I thoghte nat to axe of him no-thing.
  • I prey thee, wyf, ne do namore so;Skeat1900: 1585
  • Tel me alwey, er that I fro thee go,
  • If any dettour hath in myn absence
  • Y-payëd thee; lest, thurgh thy necligence,
  • I mighte him axe a thing that he hath payed.’
  • This wyf was nat afered nor affrayed,Skeat1900: 1590
  • But boldely she seyde, and that anon:Skeat1900: (401)
  • ‘Marie, I defye the false monk, daun Iohn!
  • I kepe nat of hise tokenes never a deel;
  • He took me certein gold, that woot I weel!
  • What! yvel thedom on his monkes snoute!Skeat1900: 1595
  • For, god it woot, I wende, withouten doute,
  • That he had yeve it me bycause of yow,
  • To doon ther-with myn honour and my prow,
  • For cosinage, and eek for bele chere
  • That he hath had ful ofte tymes here.Skeat1900: 1600
  • But sith I see I stonde in this disioint,Skeat1900: (411)
  • I wol answere yow shortly, to the point.
  • Ye han mo slakker dettours than am I!
  • For I wol paye yow wel and redily
  • Fro day to day; and, if so be I faille,Skeat1900: 1605
  • I am your wyf; score it up-on my taille,
  • And I shal paye, as sone as ever I may.
  • For, by my trouthe, I have on myn array,
  • And nat on wast, bistowed every deel.
  • And for I have bistowed it so weelSkeat1900: 1610
  • For your honour, for goddes sake, I seye,Skeat1900: (421)
  • As be nat wrooth, but lat us laughe and pleye.
  • Ye shal my Ioly body have to wedde;
  • By god, I wol nat paye yow but a-bedde.
  • Forgive it me, myn owene spouse dere;Skeat1900: 1615
  • Turne hiderward and maketh bettre chere.’
  • This marchant saugh ther was no remedye,
  • And, for to chyde, it nere but greet folye,
  • Sith that the thing may nat amended be.
  • Edition: current; Page: [179]
  • ‘Now, wyf,’ he seyde, ‘and I foryeve it thee;Skeat1900: 1620
  • But, by thy lyf, ne be namore so large;Skeat1900: (431)
  • Keep bet our good, this yeve I thee in charge.’
  • Thus endeth now my tale, and god us sende
  • Taling y-nough un-to our lyves ende. Amen.

Here endeth the Shipmannes Tale.

Edition: current; Page: [180]

THE PRIORESS’S PROLOGUE. (T. 13365-13382.)

Bihold the mery wordes of the Host to the Shipman and to the lady Prioresse.

  • ‘WEL seyd, by corpus dominus,’ quod our hoste,Skeat1900: 1625
  • ‘Now longe moot thou sayle by the coste,
  • Sir gentil maister, gentil marineer!
  • God yeve this monk a thousand last quad yeer!
  • A ha! felawes! beth ware of swiche a Iape!
  • The monk putte in the mannes hood an ape,Skeat1900: 1630
  • And in his wyves eek, by seint Austin!
  • Draweth no monkes more un-to your in.
  • But now passe over, and lat us seke aboute,
  • Who shal now telle first, of al this route,Skeat1900: (10)
  • Another tale;’ and with that word he sayde,Skeat1900: 1635
  • As curteisly as it had been a mayde,
  • ‘My lady Prioresse, by your leve,
  • So that I wiste I sholde yow nat greve,
  • I wolde demen that ye tellen sholde
  • A tale next, if so were that ye wolde.Skeat1900: 1640
  • Now wol ye vouche-sauf, my lady dere?’
  • ‘Gladly,’ quod she, and seyde as ye shal here.Skeat1900: (18)

Explicit.

Edition: current; Page: [181]

THE PRIORESSES TALE.

The Prologe of the Prioresses Tale.

    • Domine, dominus noster.

    • O LORD our lord, thy name how merveillous
    • Is in this large worlde y-sprad—quod she:—
    • For noght only thy laude preciousSkeat1900: 1645
    • Parfourned is by men of dignitee,
    • But by the mouth of children thy bountee
    • Parfourned is, for on the brest soukinge
    • Som tyme shewen they thyn heryinge.
    • Wherfor in laude, as I best can or may,Skeat1900: 1650
    • Of thee, and of the whyte lily flour
    • Which that thee bar, and is a mayde alway,Skeat1900: (10)
    • To telle a storie I wol do my labour;
    • Not that I may encresen hir honour;
    • For she hir-self is honour, and the roteSkeat1900: 1655
    • Of bountee, next hir sone, and soules bote.—
    • O moder mayde! o mayde moder free!
    • O bush unbrent, brenninge in Moyses sighte,
    • That ravisedest doun fro the deitee,
    • Thurgh thyn humblesse, the goost that in thalighte,Skeat1900: 1660
    • Of whos vertu, whan he thyn herte lighte,
    • Conceived was the fadres sapience,Skeat1900: (20)
    • Help me to telle it in thy reverence!
  • Edition: current; Page: [182]
    • Lady! thy bountee, thy magnificence,
    • Thy vertu, and thy grete humiliteeSkeat1900: 1665
    • Ther may no tonge expresse in no science;
    • For som-tyme, lady, er men praye to thee,
    • Thou goost biforn of thy benignitee,
    • And getest us the light, thurgh thy preyere,
    • To gyden us un-to thy sone so dere.Skeat1900: 1670
    • My conning is so wayk, o blisful quene,
    • For to declare thy grete worthinesse,Skeat1900: (30)
    • That I ne may the weighte nat sustene,
    • But as a child of twelf monthe old, or lesse,
    • That can unnethes any word expresse,Skeat1900: 1675
    • Right so fare I, and therfor I yow preye,
    • Gydeth my song that I shal of yow seye.

Explicit.

Here biginneth the Prioresses Tale.

    • Ther was in Asie, in a greet citee,
    • Amonges cristen folk, a Iewerye,
    • Sustened by a lord of that contreeSkeat1900: 1680
    • For foule usure and lucre of vilanye,
    • Hateful to Crist and to his companye;Skeat1900: (40)
    • And thurgh the strete men mighte ryde or wende,
    • For it was free, and open at either ende.
    • A litel scole of cristen folk ther stoodSkeat1900: 1685
    • Doun at the ferther ende, in which ther were
    • Children an heep, y-comen of cristen blood,
    • That lerned in that scole yeer by yere
    • Swich maner doctrine as men used there,
    • This is to seyn, to singen and to rede,Skeat1900: 1690
    • As smale children doon in hir childhede.
  • Edition: current; Page: [183]
    • Among thise children was a widwes sone,Skeat1900: (50)
    • A litel clergeon, seven yeer of age,
    • That day by day to scole was his wone,
    • And eek also, wher-as he saugh thimageSkeat1900: 1695
    • Of Cristes moder, hadde he in usage,
    • As him was taught, to knele adoun and seye
    • His Ave Marie, as he goth by the weye.
    • Thus hath this widwe hir litel sone y-taught
    • Our blisful lady, Cristes moder dere,Skeat1900: 1700
    • To worshipe ay, and he forgat it naught,
    • For sely child wol alday sone lere;Skeat1900: (60)
    • But ay, whan I remembre on this matere,
    • Seint Nicholas stant ever in my presence,
    • For he so yong to Crist did reverence.Skeat1900: 1705
    • This litel child, his litel book lerninge,
    • As he sat in the scole at his prymer,
    • He Alma redemptoris herde singe,
    • As children lerned hir antiphoner;
    • And, as he dorste, he drough him ner and ner,Skeat1900: 1710
    • And herkned ay the wordes and the note,
    • Til he the firste vers coude al by rote.Skeat1900: (70)
    • Noght wiste he what this Latin was to seye,
    • For he so yong and tendre was of age;
    • But on a day his felaw gan he preyeSkeat1900: 1715
    • Texpounden him this song in his langage,
    • Or telle him why this song was in usage;
    • This preyde he him to construe and declare
    • Ful ofte tyme upon his knowes bare.
    • His felaw, which that elder was than he,Skeat1900: 1720
    • Answerde him thus: ‘this song, I have herd seye,
    • Was maked of our blisful lady free,Skeat1900: (80)
    • Hir to salue, and eek hir for to preye
    • To been our help and socour whan we deye.
    • I can no more expounde in this matere;Skeat1900: 1725
    • I lerne song, I can but smal grammere.’
  • Edition: current; Page: [184]
    • ‘And is this song maked in reverence
    • Of Cristes moder?’ seyde this innocent;
    • ‘Now certes, I wol do my diligence
    • To conne it al, er Cristemasse is went;Skeat1900: 1730
    • Though that I for my prymer shal be shent,
    • And shal be beten thryes in an houre,Skeat1900: (90)
    • I wol it conne, our lady for to honoure.’
    • His felaw taughte him homward prively,
    • Fro day to day, til he coude it by rote,Skeat1900: 1735
    • And than he song it wel and boldely
    • Fro word to word, acording with the note;
    • Twyës a day it passed thurgh his throte,
    • To scoleward and homward whan he wente;
    • On Cristes moder set was his entente.Skeat1900: 1740
    • As I have seyd, thurgh-out the Iewerye
    • This litel child, as he cam to and fro,Skeat1900: (100)
    • Ful merily than wolde he singe, and crye
    • O Alma redemptoris ever-mo.
    • The swetnes hath his herte perced soSkeat1900: 1745
    • Of Cristes moder, that, to hir to preye,
    • He can nat stinte of singing by the weye.
    • Our firste fo, the serpent Sathanas,
    • That hath in Iewes herte his waspes nest,
    • Up swal, and seide, ‘o Hebraik peple, allas!Skeat1900: 1750
    • Is this to yow a thing that is honest,
    • That swich a boy shal walken as him lestSkeat1900: (110)
    • In your despyt, and singe of swich sentence,
    • Which is agayn your lawes reverence?’
    • Fro thennes forth the Iewes han conspyredSkeat1900: 1755
    • This innocent out of this world to chace;
    • An homicyde ther-to han they hyred,
    • That in an aley hadde a privee place;
    • And as the child gan for-by for to pace,
    • This cursed Iew him hente and heeld him faste,Skeat1900: 1760
    • And kitte his throte, and in a pit him caste.
  • Edition: current; Page: [185]
    • I seye that in a wardrobe they him threweSkeat1900: (120)
    • Wher-as these Iewes purgen hir entraille.
    • O cursed folk of Herodes al newe,
    • What may your yvel entente yow availle?Skeat1900: 1765
    • Mordre wol out, certein, it wol nat faille,
    • And namely ther thonour of god shal sprede,
    • The blood out cryeth on your cursed dede.
    • ‘O martir, souded to virginitee,
    • Now maystou singen, folwing ever in oonSkeat1900: 1770
    • The whyte lamb celestial,’ quod she,
    • ‘Of which the grete evangelist, seint Iohn,Skeat1900: (130)
    • In Pathmos wroot, which seith that they that goon
    • Biforn this lamb, and singe a song al newe,
    • That never, fleshly, wommen they ne knewe.’Skeat1900: 1775
    • This povre widwe awaiteth al that night
    • After hir litel child, but he cam noght;
    • For which, as sone as it was dayes light,
    • With face pale of drede and bisy thoght,
    • She hath at scole and elles-wher him soght,Skeat1900: 1780
    • Til finally she gan so fer espye
    • That he last seyn was in the Iewerye.Skeat1900: (140)
    • With modres pitee in hir brest enclosed,
    • She gooth, as she were half out of hir minde,
    • To every place wher she hath supposedSkeat1900: 1785
    • By lyklihede hir litel child to finde;
    • And ever on Cristes moder meke and kinde
    • She cryde, and atte laste thus she wroghte,
    • Among the cursed Iewes she him soghte.
    • She frayneth and she preyeth pitouslySkeat1900: 1790
    • To every Iew that dwelte in thilke place,
    • To telle hir, if hir child wente oght for-by.Skeat1900: (150)
    • They seyde, ‘nay’; but Iesu, of his grace,
    • Yaf in hir thought, inwith a litel space,
    • That in that place after hir sone she cryde,Skeat1900: 1795
    • Wher he was casten in a pit bisyde.
  • Edition: current; Page: [186]
    • O grete god, that parfournest thy laude
    • By mouth of innocents, lo heer thy might!
    • This gemme of chastitee, this emeraude,
    • And eek of martirdom the ruby bright,Skeat1900: 1800
    • Ther he with throte y-corven lay upright,
    • He ‘Alma redemptoris’ gan to singeSkeat1900: (160)
    • So loude, that al the place gan to ringe.
    • The Cristen folk, that thurgh the strete wente,
    • In coomen, for to wondre up-on this thing,Skeat1900: 1805
    • And hastily they for the provost sente;
    • He cam anon with-outen tarying,
    • And herieth Crist that is of heven king,
    • And eek his moder, honour of mankinde,
    • And after that, the Iewes leet he binde.Skeat1900: 1810
    • This child with pitous lamentacioun
    • Up-taken was, singing his song alway;Skeat1900: (170)
    • And with honour of greet processioun
    • They carien him un-to the nexte abbay.
    • His moder swowning by the bere lay;Skeat1900: 1815
    • Unnethe might the peple that was there
    • This newe Rachel bringe fro his bere.
    • With torment and with shamful deth echon
    • This provost dooth thise Iewes for to sterve
    • That of this mordre wiste, and that anon;Skeat1900: 1820
    • He nolde no swich cursednesse observe.
    • Yvel shal have, that yvel wol deserve.Skeat1900: (180)
    • Therfor with wilde hors he dide hem drawe,
    • And after that he heng hem by the lawe.
    • Up-on his bere ay lyth this innocentSkeat1900: 1825
    • Biforn the chief auter, whyl masse laste,
    • And after that, the abbot with his covent
    • Han sped hem for to burien him ful faste;
    • And whan they holy water on him caste,
    • Edition: current; Page: [187]
    • Yet spak this child, whan spreynd was holy water,Skeat1900: 1830
    • And song—‘O Alma redemptoris mater!’
    • This abbot, which that was an holy manSkeat1900: (190)
    • As monkes been, or elles oghten be,
    • This yonge child to coniure he bigan,
    • And seyde, ‘o dere child, I halse thee,Skeat1900: 1835
    • In vertu of the holy Trinitee,
    • Tel me what is thy cause for to singe,
    • Sith that thy throte is cut, to my seminge?’
    • ‘My throte is cut un-to my nekke-boon,’
    • Seyde this child, ‘and, as by wey of kinde,Skeat1900: 1840
    • I sholde have deyed, ye, longe tyme agoon,
    • But Iesu Crist, as ye in bokes finde,Skeat1900: (200)
    • Wil that his glorie laste and be in minde,
    • And, for the worship of his moder dere,
    • Yet may I singe “O Alma” loude and clere.Skeat1900: 1845
    • This welle of mercy, Cristes moder swete,
    • I lovede alwey, as after my conninge;
    • And whan that I my lyf sholde forlete,
    • To me she cam, and bad me for to singe
    • This antem verraily in my deyinge,Skeat1900: 1850
    • As ye han herd, and, whan that I had songe,
    • Me thoughte, she leyde a greyn up-on my tonge.Skeat1900: (210)
    • Wherfor I singe, and singe I moot certeyn
    • In honour of that blisful mayden free,
    • Til fro my tonge of-taken is the greyn;Skeat1900: 1855
    • And afterward thus seyde she to me,
    • “My litel child, now wol I fecche thee
    • Whan that the greyn is fro thy tonge y-take;
    • Be nat agast, I wol thee nat forsake.” ’
    • This holy monk, this abbot, him mene I,Skeat1900: 1860
    • His tonge out-caughte, and took a-wey the greyn,
    • And he yaf up the goost ful softely.Skeat1900: (220)
    • And whan this abbot had this wonder seyn,
    • His salte teres trikled doun as reyn,
    • Edition: current; Page: [188]
    • And gruf he fil al plat up-on the grounde,Skeat1900: 1865
    • And stille he lay as he had been y-bounde.
    • The covent eek lay on the pavement
    • Weping, and herien Cristes moder dere,
    • And after that they ryse, and forth ben went,
    • And toke awey this martir fro his bere,Skeat1900: 1870
    • And in a tombe of marbul-stones clere
    • Enclosen they his litel body swete;Skeat1900: (230)
    • Ther he is now, god leve us for to mete.
    • O yonge Hugh of Lincoln, slayn also
    • With cursed Iewes, as it is notable,Skeat1900: 1875
    • For it nis but a litel whyle ago;
    • Preye eek for us, we sinful folk unstable,
    • That, of his mercy, god so merciable
    • On us his grete mercy multiplye,Skeat1900: (237)
    • For reverence of his moder Marye. Amen.Skeat1900: 1880

Here is ended the Prioresses Tale.

Edition: current; Page: [189]

PROLOGUE TO SIR THOPAS. (T. 13621-13641.)

Bihold the murye wordes of the Host to Chaucer.

    • WHAN seyd was al this miracle, every man
    • As sobre was, that wonder was to se,
    • Til that our hoste Iapen tho bigan,
    • And than at erst he loked up-on me,
    • And seyde thus, ‘what man artow?’ quod he;Skeat1900: 1885
    • ‘Thou lokest as thou woldest finde an hare,
    • For ever up-on the ground I see thee stare.
    • Approche neer, and loke up merily.
    • Now war yow, sirs, and lat this man have place;
    • He in the waast is shape as wel as I;Skeat1900: 1890
    • This were a popet in an arm tenbraceSkeat1900: (11)
    • For any womman, smal and fair of face.
    • He semeth elvish by his contenaunce,
    • For un-to no wight dooth he daliaunce.
    • Sey now somwhat, sin other folk han sayd;Skeat1900: 1895
    • Tel us a tale of mirthe, and that anoon;’—
    • ‘Hoste,’ quod I, ‘ne beth nat yvel apayd,
    • For other tale certes can I noon,
    • But of a ryme I lerned longe agoon.’
    • ‘Ye, that is good,’ quod he; ‘now shul we hereSkeat1900: 1900
    • Som deyntee thing, me thinketh by his chere.’Skeat1900: (21)

Explicit.

Edition: current; Page: [190]

SIR THOPAS.

Here biginneth Chaucers Tale of Thopas.

    • LISTETH, lordes, in good entent,
    • And I wol telle verrayment
    • Of mirthe and of solas;
    • Al of a knyght was fair and gentSkeat1900: 1905
    • In bataille and in tourneyment,
    • His name was sir Thopas.
    • Y-born he was in fer contree,
    • In Flaundres, al biyonde the see,
    • At Popering, in the place;Skeat1900: 1910
    • His fader was a man ful free,Skeat1900: (10)
    • And lord he was of that contree,
    • As it was goddes grace.
    • Sir Thopas wex a doghty swayn,
    • Whyt was his face as payndemayn,Skeat1900: 1915
    • His lippes rede as rose;
    • His rode is lyk scarlet in grayn,
    • And I yow telle in good certayn,
    • He hadde a semely nose.
    • His heer, his berd was lyk saffroun,Skeat1900: 1920
    • That to his girdel raughte adoun;Skeat1900: (20)
    • His shoon of Cordewane.
    • Of Brugges were his hosen broun,
    • His robe was of ciclatoun,
    • That coste many a Iane.Skeat1900: 1925
  • Edition: current; Page: [191]
    • He coude hunte at wilde deer,
    • And ryde an hauking for riveer,
    • With grey goshauk on honde;
    • Ther-to he was a good archeer,
    • Of wrastling was ther noon his peer,Skeat1900: 1930
    • Ther any ram shal stonde.Skeat1900: (30)
    • Ful many a mayde, bright in bour,
    • They moorne for him, paramour,
    • Whan hem were bet to slepe;
    • But he was chast and no lechour,Skeat1900: 1935
    • And sweet as is the bremble-flour
    • That bereth the rede hepe.
    • And so bifel up-on a day,
    • For sothe, as I yow telle may,
    • Sir Thopas wolde out ryde;Skeat1900: 1940
    • He worth upon his stede gray,Skeat1900: (40)
    • And in his honde a launcegay,
    • A long swerd by his syde.
    • He priketh thurgh a fair forest,
    • Ther-inne is many a wilde best,Skeat1900: 1945
    • Ye, bothe bukke and hare;
    • And, as he priketh north and est,
    • I telle it yow, him hadde almest
    • Bitid a sory care.
    • Ther springen herbes grete and smale,Skeat1900: 1950
    • The lycorys and cetewale,Skeat1900: (50)
    • And many a clowe-gilofre;
    • And notemuge to putte in ale,
    • Whether it be moyste or stale,
    • Or for to leye in cofre.Skeat1900: 1955
  • Edition: current; Page: [192]
    • The briddes singe, it is no nay,
    • The sparhauk and the papeiay,
    • That Ioye it was to here;
    • The thrustelcok made eek his lay,
    • The wodedowve upon the spraySkeat1900: 1960
    • She sang ful loude and clere.Skeat1900: (60)
    • Sir Thopas fil in love-longinge
    • Al whan he herde the thrustel singe,
    • And priked as he were wood:
    • His faire stede in his prikingeSkeat1900: 1965
    • So swatte that men mighte him wringe,
    • His sydes were al blood.
    • Sir Thopas eek so wery was
    • For prikinge on the softe gras,
    • So fiers was his corage,Skeat1900: 1970
    • That doun he leyde him in that plasSkeat1900: (70)
    • To make his stede som solas,
    • And yaf him good forage.
    • ‘O seinte Marie, benedicite!
    • What eyleth this love at meSkeat1900: 1975
    • To binde me so sore?
    • Me dremed al this night, pardee,
    • An elf-queen shal my lemman be,
    • And slepe under my gore.
    • An elf-queen wol I love, y-wis,Skeat1900: 1980
    • For in this world no womman isSkeat1900: (80)
    • Worthy to be my make [T. 13722
    • In toune; [T. 13722
    • Alle othere wommen I forsake, [T. 13723
    • And to an elf-queen I me takeSkeat1900: 1985
    • By dale and eek by doune!’
  • Edition: current; Page: [193]
    • In-to his sadel he clamb anoon,
    • And priketh over style and stoon
    • An elf-queen for tespye,
    • Til he so longe had riden and goonSkeat1900: 1990
    • That he fond, in a privee woon,Skeat1900: (90)
    • The contree of Fairye [T. 13731
    • So wilde; [T. 13734
    • For in that contree was ther noon
    • That to him dorste ryde or goon,Skeat1900: 1995
    • Neither wyf ne childe.
    • Til that ther cam a greet geaunt,
    • His name was sir Olifaunt,
    • A perilous man of dede;
    • He seyde, ‘child, by Termagaunt,Skeat1900: 2000
    • But-if thou prike out of myn haunt,Skeat1900: (100)
    • Anon I slee thy stede [T. 13743
    • With mace. [T. 13743
    • Heer is the queen of Fayerye,
    • With harpe and pype and simphonyeSkeat1900: 2005
    • Dwelling in this place.’
    • The child seyde, ‘al-so mote I thee,
    • Tomorwe wol I mete thee
    • Whan I have myn armoure;
    • And yet I hope, par ma fay,Skeat1900: 2010
    • That thou shalt with this launcegaySkeat1900: (110)
    • Abyen it ful soure; [T. 13752
    • Thy mawe [T. 13752
    • Shal I percen, if I may,
    • Er it be fully pryme of day,Skeat1900: 2015
    • For heer thou shalt be slawe.’
  • Edition: current; Page: [194]
    • Sir Thopas drow abak ful faste;
    • This geaunt at him stones caste
    • Out of a fel staf-slinge;
    • But faire escapeth child Thopas,Skeat1900: 2020
    • And al it was thurgh goddes gras,Skeat1900: (120)
    • And thurgh his fair beringe.
    • Yet listeth, lordes, to my tale
    • Merier than the nightingale,
    • For now I wol yow rouneSkeat1900: 2025
    • How sir Thopas with sydes smale,
    • Priking over hil and dale,
    • Is come agayn to toune.
    • His merie men comanded he
    • To make him bothe game and glee,Skeat1900: 2030
    • For nedes moste he fighteSkeat1900: (130)
    • With a geaunt with hevedes three,
    • For paramour and Iolitee
    • Of oon that shoon ful brighte.
    • ‘Do come,’ he seyde, ‘my minstrales,Skeat1900: 2035
    • And gestours, for to tellen tales
    • Anon in myn arminge;
    • Of romances that been royales,
    • Of popes and of cardinales,
    • And eek of love-lykinge.’Skeat1900: 2040
    • They fette him first the swete wyn,Skeat1900: (140)
    • And mede eek in a maselyn,
    • And royal spicerye;
    • Of gingebreed that was ful fyn,
    • And lycorys, and eek comyn,Skeat1900: 2045
    • With sugre that is so trye.
  • Edition: current; Page: [195]
    • He dide next his whyte lere
    • Of clooth of lake fyn and clere
    • A breech and eek a sherte;
    • And next his sherte an aketoun,Skeat1900: 2050
    • And over that an habergeounSkeat1900: (150)
    • For percinge of his herte;
    • And over that a fyn hauberk,
    • Was al y-wroght of Iewes werk,
    • Ful strong it was of plate;Skeat1900: 2055
    • And over that his cote-armour
    • As whyt as is a lily-flour,
    • In which he wol debate.
    • His sheeld was al of gold so reed,
    • And ther-in was a bores heed,Skeat1900: 2060
    • A charbocle bisyde;Skeat1900: (160)
    • And there he swoor, on ale and breed,
    • How that ‘the geaunt shal be deed,
    • Bityde what bityde!’
    • His Iambeux were of quirboilly,Skeat1900: 2065
    • His swerdes shethe of yvory,
    • His helm of laton bright;
    • His sadel was of rewel-boon,
    • His brydel as the sonne shoon,
    • Or as the mone light.Skeat1900: 2070
    • His spere was of fyn ciprees,Skeat1900: (170)
    • That bodeth werre, and no-thing pees,
    • The heed ful sharpe y-grounde;
    • His stede was al dappel-gray,
    • It gooth an ambel in the waySkeat1900: 2075
    • Ful softely and rounde [T. 13815
    • In londe. [T. 13815
    • Lo, lordes myne, heer is a fit!
    • If ye wol any more of it,
    • To telle it wol I fonde.Skeat1900: 2080
Edition: current; Page: [196]

    • [The Second Fit.]

    • Now hold your mouth, par charitee,Skeat1900: (180)
    • Bothe knight and lady free,
    • And herkneth to my spelle;
    • Of bataille and of chivalry,
    • And of ladyes love-drurySkeat1900: 2085
    • Anon I wol yow telle.
    • Men speke of romances of prys,
    • Of Horn child and of Ypotys,
    • Of Bevis and sir Gy,
    • Of sir Libeux and Pleyn-damour;Skeat1900: 2090
    • But sir Thopas, he bereth the flourSkeat1900: (190)
    • Of royal chivalry.
    • His gode stede al he bistrood,
    • And forth upon his wey he glood
    • As sparkle out of the bronde;Skeat1900: 2095
    • Up-on his crest he bar a tour,
    • And ther-in stiked a lily-flour,
    • God shilde his cors fro shonde!
    • And for he was a knight auntrous,
    • He nolde slepen in non hous,Skeat1900: 2100
    • But liggen in his hode;Skeat1900: (200)
    • His brighte helm was his wonger,
    • And by him baiteth his dextrer
    • Of herbes fyne and gode.
    • Him-self drank water of the wel,Skeat1900: 2105
    • As did the knight sir Percivel,
    • So worthy under wede,
    • Til on a day—Skeat1900: (207)

Here the Host stinteth Chaucer of his Tale of Thopas.

Edition: current; Page: [197]

PROLOGUE TO MELIBEUS. (T. 13847-13875.)

  • ‘NO more of this, for goddes dignitee,’
  • Quod oure hoste, ‘for thou makest meSkeat1900: 2110
  • So wery of thy verray lewednesse
  • That, also wisly god my soule blesse,
  • Myn eres aken of thy drasty speche;
  • Now swiche a rym the devel I biteche!
  • This may wel be rym dogerel,’ quod he.Skeat1900: 2115
  • ‘Why so?’ quod I, ‘why wiltow lette me
  • More of my tale than another man,
  • Sin that it is the beste rym I can?’Skeat1900: (10)
  • ‘By god,’ quod he, ‘for pleynly, at a word,
  • Thy drasty ryming is nat worth a tord;Skeat1900: 2120
  • Thou doost nought elles but despendest tyme,
  • Sir, at o word, thou shalt no lenger ryme.
  • Lat see wher thou canst tellen aught in geste,
  • Or telle in prose somwhat at the leste
  • In which ther be som mirthe or som doctryne.’Skeat1900: 2125
  • ‘Gladly,’ quod I, ‘by goddes swete pyne,
  • I wol yow telle a litel thing in prose,
  • That oghte lyken yow, as I suppose,Skeat1900: (20)
  • Or elles, certes, ye been to daungerous.
  • It is a moral tale vertuous,Skeat1900: 2130
  • Al be it told som-tyme in sondry wyse
  • Of sondry folk, as I shal yow devyse.
  • As thus; ye woot that every evangelist,
  • That telleth us the peyne of Iesu Crist,
  • Ne saith nat al thing as his felaw dooth,Skeat1900: 2135
  • But natheles, hir sentence is al sooth,
  • And alle acorden as in hir sentence,
  • Edition: current; Page: [198]
  • Al be ther in hir telling difference.Skeat1900: (30)
  • For somme of hem seyn more, and somme lesse,
  • Whan they his pitous passioun expresse;Skeat1900: 2140
  • I mene of Marke, Mathew, Luk and Iohn;
  • But doutelees hir sentence is al oon.
  • Therfor, lordinges alle, I yow biseche,
  • If that ye thinke I varie as in my speche,
  • As thus, thogh that I telle som-what moreSkeat1900: 2145
  • Of proverbes, than ye han herd bifore,
  • Comprehended in this litel tretis here,
  • To enforce with the theffect of my matere,Skeat1900: (40)
  • And thogh I nat the same wordes seye
  • As ye han herd, yet to yow alle I preye,Skeat1900: 2150
  • Blameth me nat; for, as in my sentence,
  • Ye shul not fynden moche difference
  • Fro the sentence of this tretis lyte
  • After the which this mery tale I wryte.
  • And therfor herkneth what that I shal seye,Skeat1900: 2155
  • And lat me tellen al my tale, I preye.’Skeat1900: (48)

Explicit.

Edition: current; Page: [199]

THE TALE OF MELIBEUS.

Here biginneth Chaucers Tale of Melibee.

§ 1. A yong man called Melibeus, mighty and riche, bigat up-on his wyf that called was Prudence, a doghter which that called was Sophie./

§ 2. Upon a day bifel, that he for his desport is went in-to the feeldes him to pleye. / His wyf and eek his doghter hath he left inwith his hous, of which the dores weren fast y-shette. / Thre of his olde foos han it espyed, and setten laddres to the walles of his hous, and by the windowes been entred, / and betten his wyf,Skeat1900: 2160 and wounded his doghter with fyve mortal woundes in fyve sondry places; / this is to seyn, in hir feet, in hir handes, in hir eres, in hir nose, and in hir mouth; and leften hir for deed, and wenten awey. /

§ 3. Whan Melibeus retourned was in-to his hous, and saugh al this meschief, he, lyk a mad man, rendinge his clothes, gan to wepe and crye. /

§ 4. Prudence his wyf, as ferforth as she dorste, bisoghte him of his weping for to stinte;/ but nat for-thy he gan to crye and wepen ever lenger the more. /Skeat1900: 2165

§ 5. This noble wyf Prudence remembered hir upon the sentence of Ovide, in his book that cleped is The Remedie of Love, wher-as he seith;/ ‘he is a fool that destourbeth the moder to wepen in the deeth of hir child, til she have wept hir fille, as for a certein tyme;/ and thanne shal man doon his diligence with amiable wordes hir to reconforte, and preyen hir of hir weping for to stinte.’/ For which resoun this noble wyf Prudence suffred hir housbond for to wepe and crye as for a certein space; / and whan she saugh hir tyme, she seyde him in this wyse. ‘Allas, my lord,’ quod she, ‘why make ye your-self for to be lyk a fool?/ ForSkeat1900: 2170 Edition: current; Page: [200] sothe, it aperteneth nat to a wys man, to maken swiche a sorwe./ Your doghter, with the grace of god, shal warisshe and escape./ And al were it so that she right now were deed, ye ne oghte nat as for hir deeth your-self to destroye./ Senek seith: “the wise man shal nat take to greet disconfort for the deeth of his children, / but certes he sholde suffren it in pacience, as wel as heSkeat1900: 2175 abydeth the deeth of his owene propre persone.” ’/

§ 6. This Melibeus answerde anon and seyde, ‘What man,’ quod he, ‘sholde of his weping stinte, that hath so greet a cause for to wepe?/ Iesu Crist, our lord, him-self wepte for the deeth of Lazarus his freend.’/ Prudence answerde, ‘Certes, wel I woot, attempree weping is no-thing defended to him that sorweful is, amonges folk in sorwe, but it is rather graunted him to wepe./ The Apostle Paul un-to the Romayns wryteth, “man shal reioyse with hem that maken Ioye, and wepen with swich folk as wepen.”/ But thogh attempree weping be y-graunted, outrageous wepingSkeat1900: 2180 certes is defended./ Mesure of weping sholde be considered, after the lore that techeth us Senek./ “Whan that thy freend is deed,” quod he, “lat nat thyne eyen to moyste been of teres, ne to muche drye; althogh the teres come to thyne eyen, lat hem nat falle.”/ And whan thou hast for-goon thy freend, do diligence to gete another freend; and this is more wysdom than for to wepe for thy freend which that thou hast lorn; for ther-inne is no bote./ And therfore, if ye governe yow by sapience, put awey sorwe out of your herte./ Remembre yow that Iesus Syrak seith: “a man that is Ioyous and glad in herte, it him conserveth florisshing inSkeat1900: 2185 his age; but soothly sorweful herte maketh his bones drye.”/ He seith eek thus: “that sorwe in herte sleeth ful many a man.”/ Salomon seith: “that, right as motthes in the shepes flees anoyeth to the clothes, and the smale wormes to the tree, right so anoyeth sorwe to the herte.”/ Wherfore us oghte, as wel in the deeth of our children as in the losse of our goodes temporels, have pacience./

§ 7. Remembre yow up-on the pacient Iob, whan he hadde lost his children and his temporel substance, and in his body Edition: current; Page: [201] endured and receyved ful many a grevous tribulacioun; yet seyde he thus: / “our lord hath yeven it me, our lord hath biraft it me; right as our lord hath wold, right so it is doon; blessed be the name of our lord.” ’/ To thise foreseide thinges answerdeSkeat1900: 2190 Melibeus un-to his wyf Prudence: ‘Alle thy wordes,’ quod he, ‘been sothe, and ther-to profitable; but trewely myn herte is troubled with this sorwe so grevously, that I noot what to done.’/ ‘Lat calle,’ quod Prudence, ‘thy trewe freendes alle, and thy linage whiche that been wyse; telleth your cas, and herkneth what they seye in conseiling, and yow governe after hir sentence./ Salomon seith: “werk alle thy thinges by conseil, and thou shalt never repente.” ’/

§ 8. Thanne, by the conseil of his wyf Prudence, this Melibeus leet callen a greet congregacioun of folk; / as surgiens, phisiciens, olde folk and yonge, and somme of hise olde enemys reconsiled as by hir semblaunt to his love and in-to his grace; / and therwith-alSkeat1900: 2195 ther comen somme of hise neighebores that diden him reverence more for drede than for love, as it happeth ofte./ Ther comen also ful many subtile flatereres, and wyse advocats lerned in the lawe./

§ 9. And whan this folk togidre assembled weren, this Melibeus in sorweful wyse shewed hem his cas; / and by the manere of his speche it semed that in herte he bar a cruel ire, redy to doon vengeaunce up-on hise foos, and sodeynly desired that the werre sholde biginne; / but nathelees yet axed he hir conseil upon this matere./ A surgien, by licence and assent of swiche asSkeat1900: 2200 weren wyse, up roos and un-to Melibeus seyde as ye may here./

§ 10. ‘Sir,’ quod he, ‘as to us surgiens aperteneth, that we do to every wight the beste that we can, wher-as we been with-holde, and to our pacients that we do no damage; / wherfore it happeth, many tyme and ofte, that whan twey men han everich wounded other, oon same surgien heleth hem bothe; / wherefore un-to our art it is nat pertinent to norice werre, ne parties to supporte./ But certes, as to the warisshinge of your doghter, al-be-it so that she perilously be wounded, we shullen do so ententif bisinesse fro day to night, that with the grace of god she shal be hool and Edition: current; Page: [202] Skeat1900: 2205 sound as sone as is possible.’/ Almost right in the same wyse the phisiciens answerden, save that they seyden a fewe wordes more:/ ‘That, right as maladyes been cured by hir contraries, right so shul men warisshe werre by vengeaunce.’/ His neighebores, ful of envye, his feyned freendes that semeden reconsiled, and his flatereres, / maden semblant of weping, and empeireden and agreggeden muchel of this matere, in preising greetly Melibee of might, of power, of richesse, and of freendes, despysinge the power of his adversaries, / and seiden outrely that he anon sholde wrekenSkeat1900: 2210 him on his foos and biginne werre./

§ 11. Up roos thanne an advocat that was wys, by leve and by conseil of othere that were wyse, and seyde: / ‘Lordinges, the nede for which we been assembled in this place is a ful hevy thing and an heigh matere, / by-cause of the wrong and of the wikkednesse that hath be doon, and eek by resoun of the grete damages that in tyme cominge been possible to fallen for this same cause; / and eek by resoun of the grete richesse and power of the parties bothe;/ for the whiche resouns it were a ful greet peril to erren in thisSkeat1900: 2215 matere./ Wherfore, Melibeus, this is our sentence: we conseille yow aboven alle thing, that right anon thou do thy diligence in kepinge of thy propre persone, in swich a wyse that thou ne wante noon espye ne wacche, thy body for to save./ And after that we conseille, that in thyn hous thou sette suffisant garnisoun, so that they may as wel thy body as thyn hous defende./ But certes, for to moeve werre, or sodeynly for to doon vengeaunce, we may nat demen in so litel tyme that it were profitable./ Wherfore we axen leyser and espace to have deliberacioun in this cas to deme./ For the commune proverbe seith thus: “he that sone demeth,Skeat1900: 2220 sone shal repente.”/ And eek men seyn that thilke Iuge is wys, that sone understondeth a matere and Iuggeth by leyser./ For al-be-it so that alle tarying be anoyful, algates it is nat to repreve in yevynge of Iugement, ne in vengeance-taking, whan it is suffisant and resonable./ And that shewed our lord Iesu Crist by ensample; for whan that the womman that was taken in avoutrie was broght in his presence, to knowen what sholde be doon with hir persone, al-be-it so that he wiste wel him-self what that he Edition: current; Page: [203] wolde answere, yet ne wolde he nat answere sodeynly, but he wolde have deliberacioun, and in the ground he wroot twyes./ And by thise causes we axen deliberacioun, and we shal thanne, by the grace of god, conseille thee thing that shal be profitable.’/

§ 12. Up stirten thanne the yonge folk at-ones, and the moste partie of that companye han scorned the olde wyse men, and bigonnen to make noyse, and seyden: that, / right so as whyl thatSkeat1900: 2225 iren is hoot, men sholden smyte, right so, men sholde wreken hir wronges whyle that they been fresshe and newe; and with loud voys they cryden, ‘werre! werre!’/

Up roos tho oon of thise olde wyse, and with his hand made contenaunce that men sholde holden hem stille and yeven him audience./ ‘Lordinges,’ quod he, ‘ther is ful many a man that cryeth “werre! werre!” that woot ful litel what werre amounteth./ Werre at his beginning hath so greet an entree and so large, that every wight may entre whan him lyketh, and lightly finde werre./ But, certes, what ende that shal ther-of bifalle, it is nat light to knowe./ For sothly, whan that werre isSkeat1900: 2230 ones bigonne, ther is ful many a child unborn of his moder, that shal sterve yong by-cause of that ilke werre, or elles live in sorwe and dye in wrecchednesse./ And ther-fore, er that any werre biginne, men moste have greet conseil and greet deliberacioun.’/ And whan this olde man wende to enforcen his tale by resons, wel ny alle at-ones bigonne they to ryse for to breken his tale, and beden him ful ofte his wordes for to abregge./ For soothly, he that precheth to hem that listen nat heren his wordes, his sermon hem anoyeth./ For Iesus Syrak seith: that “musik in wepinge is anoyous thing;” this is to seyn: as muche availleth to speken bifore folk to whiche his speche anoyeth, as dooth to singe biforn him that wepeth./ And whan this wyse man saugh that himSkeat1900: 2235 wanted audience, al shamefast he sette him doun agayn./ For Salomon seith: “ther-as thou ne mayst have noon audience, enforce thee nat to speke.”/ ‘I see wel,’ quod this wyse man, ‘that the commune proverbe is sooth; that “good conseil wanteth whan it is most nede.” ’/

§ 13. Yet hadde this Melibeus in his conseil many folk, that Edition: current; Page: [204] prively in his ere conseilled him certeyn thing, and conseilled him the contrarie in general audience./

Whan Melibeus hadde herd that the gretteste partie of his conseil weren accorded that he sholde maken werre, anoon heSkeat1900: 2240 consented to hir conseilling, and fully affermed hir sentence./ Thanne dame Prudence, whan that she saugh how that hir housbonde shoop him for to wreken him on his foos, and to biginne werre, she in ful humble wyse, when she saugh hir tyme, seide him thise wordes: / ‘My lord,’ quod she, ‘I yow biseche as hertely as I dar and can, ne haste yow nat to faste, and for alle guerdons as yeveth me audience./ For Piers Alfonce seith: “who-so that dooth to that other good or harm, haste thee nat to quyten it; for in this wyse thy freend wol abyde, and thyn enemy shal the lenger live in drede.”/ The proverbe seith: “he hasteth wel that wysely can abyde;” and in wikked haste is no profit.’/

§ 14. This Melibee answerde un-to his wyf Prudence: ‘I purpose nat,’ quod he, ‘to werke by thy conseil, for many causes and resouns. For certes every wight wolde holde me thanne aSkeat1900: 2245 fool; / this is to seyn, if I, for thy conseilling, wolde chaungen thinges that been ordeyned and affermed by so manye wyse./ Secoundly I seye, that alle wommen been wikke and noon good of hem alle. For “of a thousand men,” seith Salomon, “I fond a good man: but certes, of alle wommen, good womman fond I never.”/ And also certes, if I governed me by thy conseil, it sholde seme that I hadde yeve to thee over me the maistrie; and god forbede that it so were./ For Iesus Syrak seith; “that if the wyf have maistrie, she is contrarious to hir housbonde.”/ And Salomon seith: “never in thy lyf, to thy wyf, ne to thy child, ne to thy freend, ne yeve no power over thy-self. For bettre it were that thy children aske of thy persone thinges that hem nedeth,Skeat1900: 2250 than thou see thy-self in the handes of thy children.”/ And also, if I wolde werke by thy conseilling, certes my conseilling moste som tyme be secree, til it were tyme that it moste be knowe; and this ne may noght be./ [For it is writen, that “the Ianglerie of wommen can hyden thinges that they witen noght.”/ Edition: current; Page: [205] Furthermore, the philosophre seith, “in wikked conseil wommen venquisshe men;” and for thise resouns I ne owe nat usen thy conseil.’]/

§ 15. Whanne dame Prudence, ful debonairly and with greet pacience, hadde herd al that hir housbonde lyked for to seye, thanne axed she of him licence for to speke, and seyde in this wyse./ ‘My lord,’ quod she, ‘as to your firste resoun, certes it may lightly been answered. For I seye, that it is no folie to chaunge conseil whan the thing is chaunged; or elles whan the thing semeth otherweyes than it was biforn./ And more-over ISkeat1900: 2255 seye, that though ye han sworn and bihight to perfourne your emprise, and nathelees ye weyve to perfourne thilke same emprise by Iuste cause, men sholde nat seyn therefore that ye were a lyer ne forsworn./ For the book seith, that “the wyse man maketh no lesing whan he turneth his corage to the bettre.”/ And al-be-it so that your emprise be establissed and ordeyned by greet multitude of folk, yet thar ye nat accomplice thilke same ordinaunce but yow lyke./ For the trouthe of thinges and the profit been rather founden in fewe folk that been wyse and ful of resoun, than by greet multitude of folk, ther every man cryeth and clatereth what that him lyketh. Soothly swich multitude is nat honeste./ As to the seconde resoun, where-as ye seyn that “alle wommen been wikke,” save your grace, certes ye despysen alle wommen in this wyse; and “he that alle despyseth alle displeseth,” as seith the book./ And Senek seith that “who-so wole have sapience, shalSkeat1900: 2260 no man dispreise; but he shal gladly techen the science that he can, with-outen presumpcioun or pryde./ And swiche thinges as he nought ne can, he shal nat been ashamed to lerne hem and enquere of lasse folk than him-self.”/ And sir, that ther hath been many a good womman, may lightly be preved./ For certes, sir, our lord Iesu Crist wolde never have descended to be born of a womman, if alle wommen hadden ben wikke./ And after that, for the grete bountee that is in wommen, our lord Iesu Crist, whan he was risen fro deeth to lyve, appeered rather to a womman than to his apostles./ And though that Salomon seith, that “heSkeat1900: 2265 ne fond never womman good,” it folweth nat therfore that alle wommen ben wikke./ For though that he ne fond no good Edition: current; Page: [206] womman, certes, ful many another man hath founden many a womman ful good and trewe./ Or elles per-aventure the entente of Salomon was this; that, as in sovereyn bountee, he fond no womman;/ this is to seyn, that ther is no wight that hath sovereyn bountee save god allone; as he him-self recordeth in his Evaungelie./ For ther nis no creature so good that him neSkeat1900: 2270 wanteth somwhat of the perfeccioun of god, that is his maker./ Your thridde resoun is this: ye seyn that “if ye governe yow by my conseil, it sholde seme that ye hadde yeve me the maistrie and the lordshipe over your persone.”/ Sir, save your grace, it is nat so. For if it were so, that no man sholde be conseilled but only of hem that hadden lordshipe and maistrie of his persone, men wolden nat be conseilled so ofte./ For soothly, thilke man that asketh conseil of a purpos, yet hath he free chois, wheither he wole werke by that conseil or noon./ And as to your fourthe resoun, ther ye seyn that “the Ianglerie of wommen hath hid thinges that they woot noght,” as who seith, that “a womman can nat hyde that she woot;”/ sir, thise wordes been understonde ofSkeat1900: 2275 wommen that been Iangleresses and wikked;/ of whiche wommen, men seyn that “three thinges dryven a man out of his hous; that is to seyn, smoke, dropping of reyn, and wikked wyves;”/ and of swiche wommen seith Salomon, that “it were bettre dwelle in desert, than with a womman that is riotous.”/ And sir, by your leve, that am nat I;/ for ye han ful ofte assayed my grete silence and my gret pacience; and eek how wel that I can hyde and hele thinges that men oghte secreely to hyde./ And soothly, as to your fifthe resoun, wher-as ye seyn, that “in wikked conseil wommen venquisshe men;” god woot, thilke resoun stant hereSkeat1900: 2280 in no stede./ For understond now, ye asken conseil to do wikkednesse;/ and if ye wole werken wikkednesse, and your wyf restreyneth thilke wikked purpos, and overcometh yow by resoun and by good conseil;/ certes, your wyf oghte rather to be preised than y-blamed./ Thus sholde ye understonde the philosophre that seith, “in wikked conseil wommen venquisshen hir housbondes.”/ And ther-as ye blamen alle wommen and hir resouns, I shal shewe yow by manye ensamples that many a womman hath ben ful good, and yet been; and hir conseils fulSkeat1900: 2285 hoolsome and profitable./ Eek som men han seyd, that “the Edition: current; Page: [207] conseillinge of wommen is outher to dere, or elles to litel of prys.”/ But al-be-it so, that ful many a womman is badde, and hir conseil vile and noght worth, yet han men founde ful many a good womman, and ful discrete and wise in conseillinge./ Lo, Iacob, by good conseil of his moder Rebekka, wan the benisoun of Ysaak his fader, and the lordshipe over alle his bretheren./ Iudith, by hir good conseil, delivered the citee of Bethulie, in which she dwelled, out of the handes of Olofernus, that hadde it biseged and wolde have al destroyed it./ Abigail delivered Nabal hir housbonde fro David the king, that wolde have slayn him, and apaysed the ire of the king by hir wit and by hir good conseilling./ Hester by hir good conseil enhaunced greetly theSkeat1900: 2290 peple of god in the regne of Assuerus the king./ And the same bountee in good conseilling of many a good womman may men telle./ And moreover, whan our lord hadde creat Adam our forme-fader, he seyde in this wyse:/ “it is nat good to been a man allone; make we to him an help semblable to himself.”/ Here may ye se that, if that wommen were nat goode, and hir conseils goode and profitable,/ our lord god of hevene woldeSkeat1900: 2295 never han wroght hem, ne called hem help of man, but rather confusioun of man./ And ther seyde ones a clerk in two vers: “what is bettre than gold? Iaspre. What is bettre than Iaspre? Wisdom./ And what is bettre than wisdom? Womman. And what is bettre than a good womman? No-thing.”/ And sir, by manye of othre resons may ye seen, that manye wommen been goode, and hir conseils goode and profitable./ And therfore sir, if ye wol triste to my conseil, I shal restore yow your doghter hool and sound./ And eek I wol do to yow so muche, that yeSkeat1900: 2300 shul have honour in this cause.’/

§ 16. Whan Melibee hadde herd the wordes of his wyf Prudence, he seyde thus:/ ‘I se wel that the word of Salomon is sooth; he seith, that “wordes that been spoken discreetly by ordinaunce, been honycombes; for they yeven swetnesse to the soule, and hoolsomnesse to the body.”/ And wyf, by-cause of thy swete wordes, and eek for I have assayed and preved thy grete sapience and thy grete trouthe, I wol governe me by thy conseil in alle thing.’/

§ 17. ‘Now sir,’ quod dame Prudence, ‘and sin ye vouche-sauf Edition: current; Page: [208] to been governed by my conseil, I wol enforme yow how yeSkeat1900: 2305 shul governe your-self in chesinge of your conseillours./ Ye shul first, in alle your werkes, mekely biseken to the heighe god that he wol be your conseillour;/ and shapeth yow to swich entente, that he yeve yow conseil and confort, as taughte Thobie his sone./ “At alle tymes thou shalt blesse god, and praye him to dresse thy weyes”; and looke that alle thy conseils been in him for evermore./ Seint Iame eek seith: “if any of yow have nede of sapience, axe it of god.”/ And afterward thanne shul ye taken conseil in your-self, and examine wel your thoghtes, of swich thing as yowSkeat1900: 2310 thinketh that is best for your profit./ And thanne shul ye dryve fro your herte three thinges that been contrariouse to good conseil, / that is to seyn, ire, coveitise, and hastifnesse./

§ 18. First, he that axeth conseil of him-self, certes he moste been with-outen ire, for manye causes./ The firste is this: he that hath greet ire and wratthe in him-self, he weneth alwey that he may do thing that he may nat do./ And secoundely, he that is irousSkeat1900: 2315 and wroth, he ne may nat wel deme; / and he that may nat wel deme, may nat wel conseille./ The thridde is this; that “he that is irous and wrooth,” as seith Senek, “ne may nat speke but he blame thinges;” / and with his viciouse wordes he stireth other folk to angre and to ire./ And eek sir, ye moste dryve coveitise out of your herte./ For the apostle seith, that “coveitise is roteSkeat1900: 2320 of alle harmes.”/ And trust wel that a coveitous man ne can noght deme ne thinke, but only to fulfille the ende of his coveitise;/ and certes, that ne may never been accompliced; for ever the more habundaunce that he hath of richesse, the more he desyreth./ And sir, ye moste also dryve out of your herte hastifnesse; for certes, / ye ne may nat deme for the beste a sodeyn thought that falleth in youre herte, but ye moste avyse yow on it ful ofte./ For as ye herde biforn, the commune proverbe is this, that “he thatSkeat1900: 2325 sone demeth, sone repenteth.”/

§ 19. Sir, ye ne be nat alwey in lyke disposicioun; / for certes, som thing that somtyme semeth to yow that it is good for to do, another tyme it semeth to yow the contrarie./

§ 20. Whan ye han taken conseil in your-self, and han demed by good deliberacion swich thing as you semeth best,/ thanne rede I yow, that ye kepe it secree./ Biwrey nat your conseil to no persone, Edition: current; Page: [209] but-if so be that ye wenen sikerly that, thurgh your biwreying, your condicioun shal be to yow the more profitable./ For IesusSkeat1900: 2330 Syrak seith: “neither to thy foo ne to thy freend discovere nat thy secree ne thy folie;/ for they wol yeve yow audience and loking and supportacioun in thy presence, and scorne thee in thyn absence.”/ Another clerk seith, that “scarsly shaltou finden any persone that may kepe conseil secreely.”/ The book seith: “whyl that thou kepest thy conseil in thyn herte, thou kepest it in thy prisoun:/ and whan thou biwreyest thy conseil to any wight, he holdeth thee in his snare.”/ And therefore yow is bettre to hydeSkeat1900: 2335 your conseil in your herte, than praye him, to whom ye han biwreyed your conseil, that he wole kepen it cloos and stille./ For Seneca seith: “if so be that thou ne mayst nat thyn owene conseil hyde, how darstou prayen any other wight thy conseil secreely to kepe?”/ But nathelees, if thou wene sikerly that the biwreying of thy conseil to a persone wol make thy condicioun to stonden in the bettre plyt, thanne shaltou tellen him thy conseil in this wyse./ First, thou shalt make no semblant whether thee were lever pees or werre, or this or that, ne shewe him nat thy wille and thyn entente;/ for trust wel, that comunly thise conseillours been flatereres,/ namely the conseillours of grete lordes; / for they enforcenSkeat1900: 2340 hem alwey rather to speken plesante wordes, enclyninge to the lordes lust, than wordes that been trewe or profitable./ And therfore men seyn, that “the riche man hath seld good conseil but-if he have it of him-self.”/ And after that, thou shalt considere thy freendes and thyne enemys./ And as touchinge thy freendes, thou shalt considere whiche of hem been most feithful and most wyse, and eldest and most approved in conseilling./ AndSkeat1900: 2345 of hem shalt thou aske thy conseil, as the caas requireth./

§ 21. I seye that first ye shul clepe to your conseil your freendes that been trewe./ For Salomon seith: that “right as the herte of a man delyteth in savour that is sote, right so the conseil of trewe freendes yeveth swetenesse to the soule.”/ He seith also: “ther may no-thing be lykned to the trewe freend.”/ For certes, gold ne silver beth nat so muche worth as the gode wil of a trewe freend./Skeat1900: 2350 And eek he seith, that “a trewe freend is a strong deffense; who-so that it findeth, certes he findeth a greet tresour.”/ Thanne Edition: current; Page: [210] shul ye eek considere, if that your trewe freendes been discrete and wyse. For the book seith: “axe alwey thy conseil of hem that been wyse.”/ And by this same resoun shul ye clepen to your conseil, of your freendes that been of age, swiche as han seyn and been expert in manye thinges, and been approved in conseillinges./ For the book seith, that “in olde men is the sapience and in longe tyme the prudence.”/ And Tullius seith: that “grete thinges ne been nat ay accompliced by strengthe, ne by delivernesse of body, but by good conseil, by auctoritee of persones, and by science; the whiche three thinges ne been nat feble by age, butSkeat1900: 2355 certes they enforcen and encreesen day by day.”/ And thanne shul ye kepe this for a general reule. First shul ye clepen to your conseil a fewe of your freendes that been especiale;/ for Salomon seith: “manye freendes have thou; but among a thousand chese thee oon to be thy conseillour.”/ For al-be-it so that thou first ne telle thy conseil but to a fewe, thou mayst afterward telle it to mo folk, if it be nede./ But loke alwey that thy conseillours have thilke three condiciouns that I have seyd bifore; that is to seyn, that they be trewe, wyse, and of old experience./ And werke nat alwey in every nede by oon counseillour allone; for somtyme bihoveth itSkeat1900: 2360 to been conseilled by manye./ For Salomon seith: “salvacioun of thinges is wher-as ther been manye conseillours.”/

§ 22. Now sith that I have told yow of which folk ye sholde been counseilled, now wol I teche yow which conseil ye oghte to eschewe./ First ye shul eschewe the conseilling of foles; for Salomon seith: “taak no conseil of a fool, for he ne can noght conseille but after his owene lust and his affeccioun.”/ The book seith: that “the propretee of a fool is this; he troweth lightly harm of every wight, and lightly troweth alle bountee in him-self.”/ Thou shalt eek eschewe the conseilling of alle flatereres, swiche as enforcen hem rather to preise your personeSkeat1900: 2365 by flaterye than for to telle yow the sothfastnesse of thinges./

§ 23. ‘Wherfore Tullius seith: “amonges alle the pestilences that been in freendshipe, the gretteste is flaterye.” And therfore is it more nede that thou eschewe and drede flatereres than any other peple./ The book seith: “thou shalt rather drede and flee fro the swete wordes of flateringe preiseres, than fro the egre Edition: current; Page: [211] wordes of thy freend that seith thee thy sothes.”/ Salomon seith, that “the wordes of a flaterere is a snare to cacche with innocents.”/ He seith also, that “he that speketh to his freend wordes of swetnesse and of plesaunce, setteth a net biforn his feet to cacche him.”/ And therfore seith Tullius: “enclyne nat thyne eres to flatereres, ne taketh no conseil of wordes of flaterye.”/ AndSkeat1900: 2370 Caton seith: “avyse thee wel, and eschewe the wordes of swetnesse and of plesaunce.”/ And eek thou shalt eschewe the conseilling of thyne olde enemys that been reconsiled./ The book seith: that “no wight retourneth saufly in-to the grace of his olde enemy.”/ And Isope seith: “ne trust nat to hem to whiche thou hast had som-tyme werre or enmitee, ne telle hem nat thy conseil.”/ And Seneca telleth the cause why. “It may nat be,” seith he, “that, where greet fyr hath longe tyme endured, that ther ne dwelleth som vapour of warmnesse.”/ And therfore seithSkeat1900: 2375 Salomon: “in thyn olde foo trust never.”/ For sikerly, though thyn enemy be reconsiled and maketh thee chere of humilitee, and louteth to thee with his heed, ne trust him never./ For certes, he maketh thilke feyned humilitee more for his profit than for any love of thy persone; by-cause that he demeth to have victorie over thy persone by swich feyned contenance, the which victorie he mighte nat have by stryf or werre./ And Peter Alfonce seith: “make no felawshipe with thyne olde enemys; for if thou do hem bountee, they wol perverten it in-to wikkednesse.”/ And eek thou most eschewe the conseilling of hem that been thy servants, and beren thee greet reverence; for peraventure they seyn it more for drede than for love./ AndSkeat1900: 2380 therfore seith a philosophre in this wyse: “ther is no wight parfitly trewe to him that he to sore dredeth.”/ And Tullius seith: “ther nis no might so greet of any emperour, that longe may endure, but-if he have more love of the peple than drede.”/ Thou shalt also eschewe the conseiling of folk that been dronkelewe; for they ne can no conseil hyde./ For Salomon seith: “ther is no privetee ther-as regneth dronkenesse.”/ Ye shul also han in suspect the conseilling of swich folk as conseille yow a thing prively, and conseille yow the contrarie openly./ ForSkeat1900: 2385 Edition: current; Page: [212] Cassidorie seith: that “it is a maner sleighte to hindre, whan he sheweth to doon a thing openly and werketh prively the contrarie.”/ Thou shalt also have in suspect the conseilling of wikked folk. For the book seith: “the conseilling of wikked folk is alwey ful of fraude:”/ And David seith: “blisful is that man that hath nat folwed the conseilling of shrewes.”/ Thou shalt also eschewe the conseilling of yong folk; for hir conseil is nat rype./

§ 24. Now sir, sith I have shewed yow of which folk ye shulSkeat1900: 2390 take your conseil, and of which folk ye shul folwe the conseil,/ now wol I teche yow how ye shal examine your conseil, after the doctrine of Tullius./ In the examininge thanne of your conseillour, ye shul considere manye thinges./ Alderfirst thou shalt considere, that in thilke thing that thou purposest, and upon what thing thou wolt have conseil, that verray trouthe be seyd and conserved; this is to seyn, telle trewely thy tale./ For he that seith fals may nat wel be conseilled, in that cas of which he lyeth./ And after this, thou shalt considere the thinges that acorden to that thou purposest for to do by thy conseillours, if resounSkeat1900: 2395 accorde therto;/ and eek, if thy might may atteine ther-to; and if the more part and the bettre part of thy conseillours acorde ther-to, or no./ Thanne shaltou considere what thing shal folwe of that conseilling; as hate, pees, werre, grace, profit, or damage; and manye othere thinges./ And in alle thise thinges thou shalt chese the beste, and weyve alle othere thinges./ Thanne shaltow considere of what rote is engendred the matere of thy conseil, and what fruit it may conceyve and engendre./ Thou shalt eek considere alle thise causes, fro whennes theySkeat1900: 2400 been sprongen./ And whan ye han examined your conseil as I have seyd, and which partie is the bettre and more profitable, and hast approved it by manye wyse folk and olde;/ thanne shaltou considere, if thou mayst parfourne it and maken of it a good ende./ For certes, resoun wol nat that any man sholde biginne a thing, but-if he mighte parfourne it as him oghte./ Ne no wight sholde take up-on hym so hevy a charge that he mighte nat bere it./ For the proverbe seith: “he that to mucheSkeat1900: 2405 embraceth, distreyneth litel.”/ And Catoun seith: “assay to do swich thing as thou hast power to doon, lest that the charge Edition: current; Page: [213] oppresse thee so sore, that thee bihoveth to weyve thing that thou hast bigonne.”/ And if so be that thou be in doute, whether thou mayst parfourne a thing or noon, chese rather to suffre than biginne./ And Piers Alphonce seith: “if thou hast might to doon a thing of which thou most repente thee, it is bettre ‘nay’ than ‘ye’;”/ this is to seyn, that thee is bettre holde thy tonge stille, than for to speke./ Thanne may ye understonde by strenger resons, that if thou hast power to parfourne a werk of which thou shalt repente, thanne is it bettre that thou suffre than biginne./ Wel seyn they, that defenden every wight to assayeSkeat1900: 2410 any thing of which he is in doute, whether he may parfourne it or no./ And after, whan ye han examined your conseil as I have seyd biforn, and knowen wel that ye may parfourne youre emprise, conferme it thanne sadly til it be at an ende./

§ 25. Now is it resoun and tyme that I shewe yow, whanne, and wherfore, that ye may chaunge your conseil with-outen your repreve./ Soothly, a man may chaungen his purpos and his conseil if the cause cesseth, or whan a newe caas bitydeth./ For the lawe seith: that “upon thinges that newely bityden bihoveth newe conseil.”/ And Senek seith: “if thy conseil is comen toSkeat1900: 2415 the eres of thyn enemy, chaunge thy conseil.”/ Thou mayst also chaunge thy conseil if so be that thou finde that, by errour or by other cause, harm or damage may bityde./ Also, if thy conseil be dishonest, or elles cometh of dishoneste cause, chaunge thy conseil./ For the lawes seyn: that “alle bihestes that been dishoneste been of no value.”/ And eek, if it so be that it be inpossible, or may nat goodly be parfourned or kept./Skeat1900: 2420

§ 26. And take this for a general reule, that every conseil that is affermed so strongly that it may nat be chaunged, for no condicioun that may bityde, I seye that thilke conseil is wikked.’/

§ 27. This Melibeus, whanne he hadde herd the doctrine of his wyf dame Prudence, answerde in this wyse./ ‘Dame,’ quod he, ‘as yet in-to this tyme ye han wel and covenably taught me as in general, how I shal governe me in the chesinge and in the withholdinge of my conseillours./ But now wolde I fayn that ye wolde condescende in especial,/ and telle me how lyketh yow, Edition: current; Page: [214] or what semeth yow, by our conseillours that we han chosen inSkeat1900: 2425 our present nede.’/

§ 28. ‘My lord,’ quod she, ‘I biseke yow in al humblesse, that ye wol nat wilfully replye agayn my resouns, ne distempre your herte thogh I speke thing that yow displese./ For god wot that, as in myn entente, I speke it for your beste, for your honour and for your profite eke./ And soothly, I hope that your benignitee wol taken it in pacience./ Trusteth me wel,’ quod she, ‘that your conseil as in this caas ne sholde nat, as to speke properly, be called a conseilling, but a mocioun or a moevyng of folye;/Skeat1900: 2430 in which conseil ye han erred in many a sondry wyse./

§ 29. First and forward, ye han erred in thassemblinge of your conseillours./ For ye sholde first have cleped a fewe folk to your conseil, and after ye mighte han shewed it to mo folk, if it hadde been nede./ But certes, ye han sodeynly cleped to your conseil a greet multitude of peple, ful chargeant and ful anoyous for to here./ Also ye han erred, for there-as ye sholden only have cleped to your conseil your trewe freendes olde and wyse,/ ye han y-cleped straunge folk, and yong folk, false flatereres, and enemys reconsiled, and folk that doon yow reverence withoutenSkeat1900: 2435 love./ And eek also ye have erred, for ye han broght with yow to your conseil ire, covetise, and hastifnesse;/ the whiche three thinges been contrariouse to every conseil honeste and profitable;/ the whiche three thinges ye han nat anientissed or destroyed hem, neither in your-self ne in your conseillours, as yow oghte./ Ye han erred also, for ye han shewed to your conseillours your talent, and your affeccioun to make werre anon and for to do vengeance;/ they han espyed by your wordes to what thing yeSkeat1900: 2440 been enclyned./ And therfore han they rather conseilled yow to your talent than to your profit./ Ye han erred also, for it semeth that yow suffyseth to han been conseilled by thise conseillours only, and with litel avys;/ wher-as, in so greet and so heigh a nede, it hadde been necessarie mo conseillours, and more deliberacioun to parfourne your emprise./ Ye han erred also, for ye han nat examined your conseil in the forseyde manere, ne in due manere as the caas requireth./ Ye han erred also, for ye han maked no divisioun bitwixe your conseillours; this is to Edition: current; Page: [215] seyn, bitwixen your trewe freendes and your feyned conseillours;/Skeat1900: 2445 ne ye han nat knowe the wil of your trewe freendes olde and wyse;/ but ye han cast alle hir wordes in an hochepot, and enclyned your herte to the more part and to the gretter nombre; and ther been ye condescended./ And sith ye wot wel that men shal alwey finde a gretter nombre of foles than of wyse men,/ and therfore the conseils that been at congregaciouns and multitudes of folk, ther-as men take more reward to the nombre than to the sapience of persones,/ ye see wel that in swiche conseillinges foles han the maistrie.’/ Melibeus answerde agayn, and seyde:Skeat1900: 2450 ‘I graunte wel that I have erred;/ but ther-as thou hast told me heer-biforn, that he nis nat to blame that chaungeth hise conseillours in certein caas, and for certeine Iuste causes,/ I am al redy to chaunge my conseillours, right as thow wolt devyse./ The proverbe seith: that “for to do sinne is mannish, but certes for to persevere longe in sinne is werk of the devel.” ’/

§ 30. To this sentence answerde anon dame Prudence, and seyde:/ ‘Examineth,’ quod she, ‘your conseil, and lat us seeSkeat1900: 2455 the whiche of hem han spoken most resonably, and taught yow best conseil./ And for-as-muche as that the examinacioun is necessarie, lat us biginne at the surgiens and at the phisiciens, that first speken in this matere./ I sey yow, that the surgiens and phisiciens han seyd yow in your conseil discreetly, as hem oughte;/ and in hir speche seyden ful wysly, that to the office of hem aperteneth to doon to every wight honour and profit, and no wight for to anoye;/ and, after hir craft, to doon greet diligence un-to the cure of hem whiche that they han in hir governaunce./Skeat1900: 2460 And sir, right as they han answered wysly and discreetly,/ right so rede I that they been heighly and sovereynly guerdoned for hir noble speche;/ and eek for they sholde do the more ententif bisinesse in the curacioun of your doghter dere./ For al-be-it so that they been your freendes, therfore shal ye nat suffren that they serve yow for noght;/ but ye oghte the rather guerdone hem and shewe hem your largesse./ And as touchinge the proposiciounSkeat1900: 2465 Edition: current; Page: [216] which that the phisiciens entreteden in this caas, this is to seyn,/ that, in maladyes, that oon contrarie is warisshed by another contrarie, / I wolde fayn knowe how ye understonde thilke text, and what is your sentence.’/ ‘Certes,’ quod Melibeus, ‘I understonde it in this wyse:/ that, right as they han doon me aSkeat1900: 2470 contrarie, right so sholde I doon hem another./ For right as they han venged hem on me and doon me wrong, right so shal I venge me upon hem and doon hem wrong;/ and thanne have I cured oon contrarie by another.’/

§ 31. ‘Lo, lo!’ quod dame Prudence, ‘how lightly is every man enclyned to his owene desyr and to his owene plesaunce!/ Certes,’ quod she, ‘the wordes of the phisiciens ne sholde nat han been understonden in this wyse./ For certes, wikkednesse is nat contrarie to wikkednesse, ne vengeaunce to vengeaunce, neSkeat1900: 2475 wrong to wrong; but they been semblable./ And therfore, o vengeaunce is nat warisshed by another vengeaunce, ne o wrong by another wrong;/ but everich of hem encreesceth and aggreggeth other./ But certes, the wordes of the phisiciens sholde been understonden in this wyse:/ for good and wikkednesse been two contraries, and pees and werre, vengeaunce and suffraunce, discord and accord, and manye othere thinges./ But certes, wikkednesse shal be warisshed by goodnesse, discord bySkeat1900: 2480 accord, werre by pees, and so forth of othere thinges./ And heer-to accordeth Seint Paul the apostle in manye places./ He seith: “ne yeldeth nat harm for harm, ne wikked speche for wikked speche;/ but do wel to him that dooth thee harm, and blesse him that seith to thee harm.”/ And in manye othere places he amonesteth pees and accord./ But now wol I speke to yow of the conseil which that was yeven to yow by the men ofSkeat1900: 2485 lawe and the wyse folk,/ that seyden alle by oon accord as ye han herd bifore;/ that, over alle thynges, ye sholde doon your diligence to kepen your persone and to warnestore your hous./ And seyden also, that in this caas ye oghten for to werken ful avysely and with greet deliberacioun./ And sir, as to the firste point, that toucheth to the keping of your persone;/ ye shul understonde that he that hath werre shal evermore mekely andSkeat1900: 2490 devoutly preyen biforn alle thinges, / that Iesus Crist of his grete Edition: current; Page: [217] mercy wol han him in his proteccioun, and been his sovereyn helping at his nede./ For certes, in this world ther is no wight that may be conseilled ne kept suffisantly withouten the keping of our lord Iesu Crist./ To this sentence accordeth the prophete David, that seith:/ “if god ne kepe the citee, in ydel waketh he that it kepeth.”/ Now sir, thanne shul ye committe the keping of your persone to your trewe freendes that been approved and y-knowe;/ and of hem shul ye axen help your persone for to kepe.Skeat1900: 2495 For Catoun seith: “if thou hast nede of help, axe it of thy freendes;/ for ther nis noon so good a phisicien as thy trewe freend.”/ And after this, thanne shul ye kepe yow fro alle straunge folk, and fro lyeres, and have alwey in suspect hir companye./ For Piers Alfonce seith: “ne tak no companye by the weye of a straunge man, but-if so be that thou have knowe him of a lenger tyme./ And if so be that he falle in-to thy companye paraventure withouten thyn assent,/ enquere thanne, as subtilly asSkeat1900: 2500 thou mayst, of his conversacioun and of his lyf bifore, and feyne thy wey; seye that thou goost thider as thou wolt nat go;/ and if he bereth a spere, hold thee on the right syde, and if he bere a swerd, hold thee on the lift syde.”/ And after this, thanne shul ye kepe yow wysely from alle swich manere peple as I have seyd bifore, and hem and hir conseil eschewe./ And after this, thanne shul ye kepe yow in swich manere,/ that for any presumpcioun of your strengthe, that ye ne dispyse nat ne acounte nat the might of your adversarie so litel, that ye lete the keping of your persone for your presumpcioun;/ for every wys man dredethSkeat1900: 2505 his enemy./ And Salomon seith: “weleful is he that of alle hath drede;/ for certes, he that thurgh the hardinesse of his herte and thurgh the hardinesse of him-self hath to greet presumpcioun, him shal yvel bityde.”/ Thanne shul ye evermore countrewayte embusshements and alle espiaille./ For Senek seith: that “the wyse man that dredeth harmes escheweth harmes;/ ne he ne falleth in-to perils, that perils escheweth.”/Skeat1900: 2510 And al-be-it so that it seme that thou art in siker place, yet shaltow alwey do thy diligence in kepinge of thy persone;/ this is to seyn, ne be nat necligent to kepe thy persone, nat only fro Edition: current; Page: [218] thy gretteste enemys but fro thy leeste enemy./ Senek seith: “a man that is wel avysed, he dredeth his leste enemy.”/ Ovide seith: that “the litel wesele wol slee the grete bole and the wildeSkeat1900: 2515 hert.”/ And the book seith: “a litel thorn may prikke a greet king ful sore; and an hound wol holde the wilde boor.”/ But nathelees, I sey nat thou shalt be so coward that thou doute ther wher-as is no drede./ The book seith: that “somme folk han greet lust to deceyve, but yet they dreden hem to be deceyved.”/ Yet shaltou drede to been empoisoned, and kepe yow from the companye of scorneres./ For the book seith: “with scorneresSkeat1900: 2520 make no companye, but flee hir wordes as venim.”/

§ 32. Now as to the seconde point, wher-as your wyse conseillours conseilled yow to warnestore your hous with gret diligence,/ I wolde fayn knowe, how that ye understonde thilke wordes, and what is your sentence.’/

§ 33. Melibeus answerde and seyde, ‘Certes I understande it in this wise; that I shal warnestore myn hous with toures, swiche as han castelles and othere manere edifices, and armure and artelleries, / by whiche thinges I may my persone and myn hous so kepen and defenden, that myne enemys shul been in drede myn hous for to approche.’/

§ 34. To this sentence answerde anon Prudence; ‘warnestoring,’ quod she, ‘of heighe toures and of grete edifices appertenethSkeat1900: 2525 som-tyme to pryde;/ and eek men make heighe toures and grete edifices with grete costages and with greet travaille; and whan that they been accompliced, yet be they nat worth a stree, but-if they be defended by trewe freendes that been olde and wyse./ And understond wel, that the gretteste and strongeste garnison that a riche man may have, as wel to kepen his persone as hise goodes, is/ that he be biloved amonges his subgets and with hise neighebores./ For thus seith Tullius: that “ther is a maner garnison that no man may venquisse ne disconfite, and that is,/Skeat1900: 2530 a lord to be biloved of hise citezeins and of his peple.”/

§ 35. Now sir, as to the thridde point; wher-as your olde and wise conseillours seyden, that yow ne oghte nat sodeynly ne hastily proceden in this nede,/ but that yow oghte purveyen and Edition: current; Page: [219] apparaillen yow in this caas with greet diligence and greet deliberacioun;/ trewely, I trowe that they seyden right wysly and right sooth./ For Tullius seith, “in every nede, er thou biginne it, apparaille thee with greet diligence.”/ Thanne seye I, that in vengeance-taking, in werre, in bataille, and in warnestoring,/ erSkeat1900: 2535 thow biginne, I rede that thou apparaille thee ther-to, and do it with greet deliberacioun./ For Tullius seith: that “long apparailling biforn the bataille maketh short victorie.”/ And Cassidorus seith: “the garnison is stronger whan it is longe tyme avysed.”/

§ 36. But now lat us speken of the conseil that was accorded by your neighebores, swiche as doon yow reverence withouten love,/ your olde enemys reconsiled, your flatereres/ that conseilledSkeat1900: 2540 yow certeyne thinges prively, and openly conseilleden yow the contrarie;/ the yonge folk also, that conseilleden yow to venge yow and make werre anon./ And certes, sir, as I have seyd biforn, ye han greetly erred to han cleped swich maner folk to your conseil;/ which conseillours been y-nogh repreved by the resouns afore-seyd./ But nathelees, lat us now descende to the special. Ye shuln first procede after the doctrine of Tullius./Skeat1900: 2545 Certes, the trouthe of this matere or of this conseil nedeth nat diligently enquere;/ for it is wel wist whiche they been that han doon to yow this trespas and vileinye,/ and how manye trespassours, and in what manere they han to yow doon al this wrong and al this vileinye./ And after this, thanne shul ye examine the seconde condicioun, which that the same Tullius addeth in this matere./ For Tullius put a thing, which that he clepeth “consentinge,” this is to seyn;/ who been they and how manye, andSkeat1900: 2550 whiche been they, that consenteden to thy conseil, in thy wilfulnesse to doon hastif vengeance./ And lat us considere also who been they, and how manye been they, and whiche been they, that consenteden to your adversaries./ And certes, as to the firste poynt, it is wel knowen whiche folk been they that consenteden to your hastif wilfulnesse;/ for trewely, alle tho that conseilleden yow to maken sodeyn werre ne been nat your freendes./ Lat us now considere whiche been they, that ye holde so greetly your freendes as to your persone./ For al-be-it so that ye be mightySkeat1900: 2555 Edition: current; Page: [220] and riche, certes ye ne been nat but allone./ For certes, ye ne han no child but a doghter;/ ne ye ne han bretheren ne cosins germayns, ne noon other neigh kinrede,/ wherfore that your enemys, for drede, sholde stinte to plede with yow or to destroye your persone./ Ye knowen also, that your richesses moten beenSkeat1900: 2560 dispended in diverse parties;/ and whan that every wight hath his part, they ne wollen taken but litel reward to venge thy deeth./ But thyne enemys been three, and they han manie children, bretheren, cosins, and other ny kinrede;/ and, though so were that thou haddest slayn of hem two or three, yet dwellen ther y-nowe to wreken hir deeth and to slee thy persone./ And though so be that your kinrede be more siker and stedefast than the kin of your adversarie,/ yet nathelees your kinrede nis but a ferSkeat1900: 2565 kinrede; they been but litel sib to yow, / and the kin of your enemys been ny sib to hem. And certes, as in that, hir condicioun is bet than youres./ Thanne lat us considere also if the conseilling of hem that conseilleden yow to taken sodeyn vengeaunce, whether it accorde to resoun?/ And certes, ye knowe wel “nay.”/ For as by right and resoun, ther may no man taken vengeance on no wight, but the Iuge that hath the Iurisdiccioun of it,/ whan it is graunted him to take thilke vengeance, hastily or attemprely,Skeat1900: 2570 as the lawe requireth./ And yet more-over, of thilke word that Tullius clepeth “consentinge,”/ thou shalt considere if thy might and thy power may consenten and suffyse to thy wilfulnesse and to thy conseillours./ And certes, thou mayst wel seyn that “nay.”/ For sikerly, as for to speke proprely, we may do no-thing but only swich thing as we may doon rightfully./ And certes, rightfullySkeat1900: 2575 ne mowe ye take no vengeance as of your propre auctoritee./ Thanne mowe ye seen, that your power ne consenteth nat ne accordeth nat with your wilfulnesse./ Lat us now examine the thridde point that Tullius clepeth “consequent.”/ Thou shalt understonde that the vengeance that thou purposest for to take is the consequent./ And ther-of folweth another vengeaunce, peril, and werre; and othere damages with-oute nombre, of whiche we be nat war as at this tyme./ And as touchinge theSkeat1900: 2580 fourthe point, that Tullius clepeth “engendringe,”/ thou shalt considere, that this wrong which that is doon to thee is engendred of the hate of thyne enemys;/ and of the vengeance-takinge upon that wolde engendre another vengeance, and muchel sorwe and wastinge of richesses, as I seyde./

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§ 37. Now sir, as to the point that Tullius clepeth “causes,” which that is the laste point, / thou shalt understonde that the wrong that thou hast receyved hath certeine causes, / whiche that clerkes clepen Oriens and Efficiens, and Causa longinqua and Causa propinqua; this is to seyn, the fer cause and the ny cause./Skeat1900: 2585 The fer cause is almighty god, that is cause of alle thinges./ The neer cause is thy three enemys./ The cause accidental was hate./ The cause material been the fyve woundes of thy doghter./ The cause formal is the manere of hir werkinge, that broghten laddres and cloumben in at thy windowes./ The cause final wasSkeat1900: 2590 for to slee thy doghter; it letted nat in as muche as in hem was./ But for to speken of the fer cause, as to what ende they shul come, or what shal finally bityde of hem in this caas, ne can I nat deme but by coniectinge and by supposinge./ For we shul suppose that they shul come to a wikked ende,/ by-cause that the Book of Decrees seith: “selden or with greet peyne been causes y-broght to good ende whanne they been baddely bigonne.”/

§ 38. Now sir, if men wolde axe me, why that god suffred men to do yow this vileinye, certes, I can nat wel answere as for no sothfastnesse./ For thapostle seith, that “the sciences andSkeat1900: 2595 the Iuggementz of our lord god almighty been ful depe;/ ther may no man comprehende ne serchen hem suffisantly.”/ Nathelees, by certeyne presumpcions and coniectinges, I holde and bileve/ that god, which that is ful of Iustice and of rightwisnesse, hath suffred this bityde by Iuste cause resonable./

§ 39. Thy name is Melibee, this is to seyn, “a man that drinketh hony.”/ Thou hast y-dronke so muchel hony of sweteSkeat1900: 2600 temporel richesses and delices and honours of this world,/ that thou art dronken; and hast forgeten Iesu Crist thy creatour;/ thou ne hast nat doon to him swich honour and reverence as thee oughte./ Ne thou ne hast nat wel y-taken kepe to the wordes of Ovide, that seith:/ “under the hony of the godes of the body is hid the venim that sleeth the soule.”/ And Salomon seith, “ifSkeat1900: 2605 thou hast founden hony, ete of it that suffyseth;/ for if thou ete of it out of mesure, thou shalt spewe,” and be nedy and povre./ And peraventure Crist hath thee in despit, and hath turned awey fro thee his face and hise eres of misericorde;/ and also he hath suffred that thou hast been punisshed in the manere that thow Edition: current; Page: [222] Skeat1900: 2610 hast y-trespassed./ Thou hast doon sinne agayn our lord Crist;/ for certes, the three enemys of mankinde, that is to seyn, the flessh, the feend, and the world, / thou hast suffred hem entre in-to thyn herte wilfully by the windowes of thy body, / and hast nat defended thy-self suffisantly agayns hir assautes and hir temptaciouns, so that they han wounded thy soule in fyve places;/ this is to seyn, the deedly sinnes that been entred in-to thyn herte by thy fyve wittes./ And in the same manere our lord Crist hath wold and suffred, that thy three enemys been entredSkeat1900: 2615 in-to thyn hous by the windowes,/ and han y-wounded thy doghter in the fore-seyde manere.’/

§ 40. ‘Certes,’ quod Melibee, ‘I see wel that ye enforce yow muchel by wordes to overcome me in swich manere, that I shal nat venge me of myne enemys;/ shewinge me the perils and the yveles that mighten falle of this vengeance./ But who-so wolde considere in alle vengeances the perils and yveles that mighte sewe of vengeance-takinge,/ a man wolde never take vengeance,Skeat1900: 2620 and that were harm;/ for by the vengeance-takinge been the wikked men dissevered fro the gode men./ And they that han wil to do wikkednesse restreyne hir wikked purpos, whan they seen the punissinge and chastysinge of the trespassours.’/ [And to this answerde dame Prudence: ‘Certes,’ seyde she, ‘I graunte wel that of vengeaunce cometh muchel yvel and muchel good;/ but vengeaunce-taking aperteneth nat unto everichoon, but only unto Iuges and unto hem that han Iurisdiccioun upon the trespassours.]/ And yet seye I more, that right as a singulerSkeat1900: 2625 persone sinneth in takinge vengeance of another man,/ right so sinneth the Iuge if he do no vengeance of hem that it han deserved./ For Senek seith thus: “that maister,” he seith, “is good that proveth shrewes.”/ And as Cassidore seith: “A man dredeth to do outrages, whan he woot and knoweth that it displeseth to the Iuges and sovereyns.”/ And another seith: “the Iuge that dredeth to do right, maketh men shrewes.”/ And Seint Paule the apostle seith in his epistle, whan he wryteth un-to theSkeat1900: 2630 Romayns: that “the Iuges beren nat the spere with-outen cause;”/ but they beren it to punisse the shrewes and misdoeres, and for to defende the gode men./ If ye wol thanne take vengeance of Edition: current; Page: [223] your enemys, ye shul retourne or have your recours to the Iuge that hath the Iurisdiccion up-on hem;/ and he shal punisse hem as the lawe axeth and requyreth.’/

§ 41. ‘A!’ quod Melibee, ‘this vengeance lyketh me no-thing./ I bithenke me now and take hede, how fortune hath norissed me fro my childhede, and hath holpen me to passe many a strong pas./ Now wol I assayen hir, trowinge, with goddes help, that sheSkeat1900: 2635 shal helpe me my shame for to venge.’/

§ 42. ‘Certes,’ quod Prudence, ‘if ye wol werke by my conseil, ye shul nat assaye fortune by no wey;/ ne ye shul nat lene or bowe unto hir, after the word of Senek:/ for “thinges that been folily doon, and that been in hope of fortune, shullen never come to good ende.”/ And as the same Senek seith: “the more cleer and the more shyning that fortune is, the more brotil and the sonner broken she is.”/ Trusteth nat in hir, for she nis natSkeat1900: 2640 stidefast ne stable;/ for whan thow trowest to be most seur or siker of hir help, she wol faille thee and deceyve thee./ And wheras ye seyn that fortune hath norissed yow fro your childhede,/ I seye, that in so muchel shul ye the lasse truste in hir and in hir wit./ For Senek seith: “what man that is norissed by fortune, she maketh him a greet fool.”/ Now thanne, sin ye desyre andSkeat1900: 2645 axe vengeance, and the vengeance that is doon after the lawe and bifore the Iuge ne lyketh yow nat, / and the vengeance that is doon in hope of fortune is perilous and uncertein, / thanne have ye noon other remedie but for to have your recours unto the sovereyn Iuge that vengeth alle vileinyes and wronges;/ and he shal venge yow after that him-self witnesseth, wher-as he seith:/ “leveth the vengeance to me, and I shal do it.” ’/Skeat1900: 2650

§ 43. Melibee answerde, ‘if I ne venge me nat of the vileinye that men han doon to me, / I sompne or warne hem that han doon to me that vileinye and alle othere, to do me another vileinye./ For it is writen: “if thou take no vengeance of an old vileinye, thou sompnest thyne adversaries to do thee a newe vileinye.”/ And also, for my suffrance, men wolden do to me so muchel vileinye, that I mighte neither bere it ne sustene;/ and so sholde I been put and holden over lowe./ For men seyn: “in muchelSkeat1900: 2655 suffringe shul manye thinges falle un-to thee whiche thou shalt nat mowe suffre.” ’/

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§ 44. ‘Certes,’ quod Prudence, ‘I graunte yow that over muchel suffraunce nis nat good;/ but yet ne folweth it nat ther-of, that every persone to whom men doon vileinye take of it vengeance;/ for that aperteneth and longeth al only to the Iuges, for they shul venge the vileinyes and iniuries./ And ther-fore tho two auctoritees that ye han seyd above, been only understondenSkeat1900: 2660 in the Iuges;/ for whan they suffren over muchel the wronges and the vileinyes to be doon withouten punisshinge, / they sompne nat a man al only for to do newe wronges, but they comanden it./ Also a wys man seith: that “the Iuge that correcteth nat the sinnere comandeth and biddeth him do sinne.”/ And the Iuges and sovereyns mighten in hir land so muchel suffre of the shrewes and misdoeres, / that they sholden by swich suffrance, by proces of tyme, wexen of swich power and might, that they sholden putteSkeat1900: 2665 out the Iuges and the sovereyns from hir places, / and atte laste maken hem lesen hir lordshipes./

§ 45. But lat us now putte, that ye have leve to venge yow./ I seye ye been nat of might and power as now to venge yow./ For if ye wole maken comparisoun un-to the might of your adversaries, ye shul finde in manye thinges, that I have shewed yow er this, that hir condicioun is bettre than youres./ And thereforeSkeat1900: 2670 seye I, that it is good as now that ye suffre and be pacient./

§ 46. Forther-more, ye knowen wel that, after the comune sawe, “it is a woodnesse a man to stryve with a strenger or a more mighty man than he is him-self;/ and for to stryve with a man of evene strengthe, that is to seyn, with as strong a man as he, it is peril;/ and for to stryve with a weyker man, it is folie.”/ And therfore sholde a man flee stryvinge as muchel as he mighte./ For Salomon seith: “it is a greet worship to a man to kepenSkeat1900: 2675 him fro noyse and stryf.”/ And if it so bifalle or happe that a man of gretter might and strengthe than thou art do thee grevaunce, / studie and bisie thee rather to stille the same grevaunce, than for to venge thee./ For Senek seith: that “he putteth him in greet peril that stryveth with a gretter man than he is him-self.”/ And Catoun seith: “if a man of hyer estaat or degree, or more mighty than thou, do thee anoy or grevaunce, suffre him;/ for he that ones hath greved thee may another tyme releve thee andSkeat1900: 2680 helpe.”/ Yet sette I caas, ye have bothe might and licence for to Edition: current; Page: [225] venge yow./ I seye, that ther be ful manye thinges that shul restreyne yow of vengeance-takinge, / and make yow for to enclyne to suffre, and for to han pacience in the thinges that han been doon to yow./ First and foreward, if ye wole considere the defautes that been in your owene persone, / for whiche defautes god hath suffred yow have this tribulacioun, as I have seyd yow heer-biforn./ For the poete seith, that “we oghte paciently takenSkeat1900: 2685 the tribulacions that comen to us, whan we thinken and consideren that we han deserved to have hem.”/ And Seint Gregorie seith: that “whan a man considereth wel the nombre of hise defautes and of his sinnes,/ the peynes and the tribulaciouns that he suffreth semen the lesse un-to hym;/ and in-as-muche as him thinketh hise sinnes more hevy and grevous, / in-so-muche semeth his peyne the lighter and the esier un-to him.”/ Also ye owenSkeat1900: 2690 to enclyne and bowe your herte to take the pacience of our lord Iesu Crist, as seith seint Peter in hise epistles:/ “Iesu Crist,” he seith, “hath suffred for us, and yeven ensample to every man to folwe and sewe him;/ for he dide never sinne, ne never cam ther a vileinous word out of his mouth: / whan men cursed him, he cursed hem noght; and whan men betten him, he manaced hem noght.”/ Also the grete pacience, which the seintes that been in paradys han had in tribulaciouns that they han y-suffred, with-outen hir desert or gilt,/ oghte muchel stiren yow to pacience./Skeat1900: 2695 Forthermore, ye sholde enforce yow to have pacience, / consideringe that the tribulaciouns of this world but litel whyle endure, and sone passed been and goon./ And the Ioye that a man seketh to have by pacience in tribulaciouns is perdurable, after that the apostle seith in his epistle:/ “the Ioye of god,” he seith, “is perdurable,” that is to seyn, everlastinge./ Also troweth andSkeat1900: 2700 bileveth stedefastly, that he nis nat wel y-norissed ne wel y-taught, that can nat have pacience or wol nat receyve pacience./ For Salomon seith: that “the doctrine and the wit of a man is knowen by pacience.”/ And in another place he seith: that “he that is pacient governeth him by greet prudence.”/ And the same Salomon seith: “the angry and wrathful man maketh noyses, and the pacient man atempreth hem and stilleth.”/ He seith also: “it is more worth to be pacient than for to be right strong;/ and he thatSkeat1900: 2705 may have the lordshipe of his owene herte is more to preyse, than Edition: current; Page: [226] he that by his force or strengthe taketh grete citees.”/ And therfore seith seint Iame in his epistle: that “pacience is a greet vertu of perfeccioun.” ’/

§ 47. ‘Certes,’ quod Melibee, ‘I graunte yow, dame Prudence, that pacience is a greet vertu of perfeccioun;/ but every man may nat have the perfeccioun that ye seken;/ ne I nam nat ofSkeat1900: 2710 the nombre of right parfite men, / for myn herte may never been in pees un-to the tyme it be venged./ And al-be-it so that it was greet peril to myne enemys, to do me a vileinye in takinge vengeance up-on me, / yet token they noon hede of the peril, but fulfilleden hir wikked wil and hir corage./ And therfore, me thinketh men oghten nat repreve me, though I putte me in a litel peril for to venge me, / and though I do a greet excesse, that is to seyn,Skeat1900: 2715 that I venge oon outrage by another.’/

§ 48. ‘A!’ quod dame Prudence, ‘ye seyn your wil and as yow lyketh; / but in no caas of the world a man sholde nat doon outrage ne excesse for to vengen him./ For Cassidore seith: that “as yvel doth he that vengeth him by outrage, as he that doth the outrage.”/ And therfore ye shul venge yow after the ordre of right, that is to seyn by the lawe, and noght by excesse ne by outrage./ And also, if ye wol venge yow of the outrage of yourSkeat1900: 2720 adversaries in other maner than right comandeth, ye sinnen;/ and therfore seith Senek: that “a man shal never vengen shrewednesse by shrewednesse.”/ And if ye seye, that right axeth a man to defenden violence by violence, and fighting by fighting,/ certes ye seye sooth, whan the defense is doon anon with-outen intervalle or with-outen tarying or delay, / for to defenden him and nat for to vengen him./ And it bihoveth that a man putte swichSkeat1900: 2725 attemperance in his defence,/ that men have no cause ne matere to repreven him that defendeth him of excesse and outrage; for elles were it agayn resoun./ Pardee, ye knowen wel, that ye maken no defence as now for to defende yow, but for to venge yow;/ and so seweth it that ye han no wil to do your dede attemprely./ And therfore, me thinketh that pacience is good. For Salomon seith: that “he that is nat pacient shal have greet harm.” ’/

§ 49. ‘Certes,’ quod Melibee, ‘I graunte yow, that whan Edition: current; Page: [227] a man is inpacient and wroth, of that that toucheth him noght and that aperteneth nat un-to him, though it harme him, it is no wonder./ For the lawe seith: that “he is coupable that entremettethSkeat1900: 2730 or medleth with swich thyng as aperteneth nat un-to him.”/ And Salomon seith: that “he that entremetteth him of the noyse or stryf of another man, is lyk to him that taketh an hound by the eres.”/ For right as he that taketh a straunge hound by the eres is outherwhyle biten with the hound, / right in the same wyse is it resoun that he have harm, that by his inpacience medleth him of the noyse of another man, wher-as it aperteneth nat un-to him./ But ye knowen wel that this dede, that is to seyn, my grief and my disese, toucheth me right ny./ And therfore, thoughSkeat1900: 2735 I be wroth and inpacient, it is no merveille./ And savinge your grace, I can nat seen that it mighte greetly harme me though I toke vengeaunce; / for I am richer and more mighty than myne enemys been./ And wel knowen ye, that by moneye and by havinge grete possessions been all the thinges of this world governed./ And Salomon seith: that “alle thinges obeyen to moneye.” ’/Skeat1900: 2740

§ 50. Whan Prudence hadde herd hir housbonde avanten him of his richesse and of his moneye, dispreisinge the power of hise adversaries, she spak, and seyde in this wyse:/ ‘certes, dere sir, I graunte yow that ye been rich and mighty, / and that the richesses been goode to hem that han wel y-geten hem and wel conne usen hem./ For right as the body of a man may nat liven with-oute the soule, namore may it live with-outen temporel goodes./ And by richesses may a man gete him grete freendes./Skeat1900: 2745 And therfore seith Pamphilles: “if a net-herdes doghter,” seith he, “be riche, she may chesen of a thousand men which she wol take to hir housbonde;/ for, of a thousand men, oon wol nat forsaken hir ne refusen hir.”/ And this Pamphilles seith also: “if thou be right happy, that is to seyn, if thou be right riche, thou shalt find a greet nombre of felawes and freendes./ And if thy fortune change that thou wexe povre, farewel freendshipe and felaweshipe;/ for thou shalt be allone with-outen any companye, but-if it be the companye of povre folk.”/ And yet seith thisSkeat1900: 2750 Pamphilles moreover: that “they that been thralle and bonde of Edition: current; Page: [228] linage shullen been maad worthy and noble by the richesses.”/ And right so as by richesses ther comen manye goodes, right so by poverte come ther manye harmes and yveles./ For greet poverte constreyneth a man to do manye yveles./ And therfore clepeth Cassidore poverte “the moder of ruine,” / that is to seyn,Skeat1900: 2755 the moder of overthrowinge or fallinge doun./ And therfore seith Piers Alfonce: “oon of the gretteste adversitees of this world is / whan a free man, by kinde or by burthe, is constreyned by poverte to eten the almesse of his enemy.”/ And the same seith Innocent in oon of hise bokes; he seith: that “sorweful and mishappy is the condicioun of a povre begger;/ for if he axe nat his mete, he dyeth for hunger;/ and if he axe, he dyethSkeat1900: 2760 for shame; and algates necessitee constreyneth him to axe.”/ And therfore seith Salomon: that “bet it is to dye than for to have swich poverte.”/ And as the same Salomon seith: “bettre it is to dye of bitter deeth than for to liven in swich wyse.”/ By thise resons that I have seid un-to yow, and by manye othere resons that I coude seye, / I graunte yow that richesses been goode to hem that geten hem wel, and to hem that wel usen tho richesses./ And therfore wol I shewe yow how ye shul have yow, and how ye shul bere yow in gaderinge of richesses, and inSkeat1900: 2765 what manere ye shul usen hem./

§ 51. First, ye shul geten hem with-outen greet desyr, by good leyser sokingly, and nat over hastily./ For a man that is to desyringe to gete richesses abaundoneth him first to thefte and to alle other yveles./ And therfore seith Salomon: “he that hasteth him to bisily to wexe riche shal be noon innocent.”/ He seith also: that “the richesse that hastily cometh to a man, sone and lightly gooth and passeth fro a man;/ but that richesse thatSkeat1900: 2770 cometh litel and litel wexeth alwey and multiplyeth.”/ And sir, ye shul geten richesses by your wit and by your travaille un-to your profit;/ and that with-outen wrong or harm-doinge to any other persone./ For the lawe seith: that “ther maketh no man himselven riche, if he do harm to another wight;”/ this is to seyn, that nature defendeth and forbedeth by right, that no man make him-self riche un-to the harm of another persone./ And Tullius seith: that “no sorwe ne no drede of deeth, ne no-thingSkeat1900: 2775 that may falle un-to a man / is so muchel agayns nature, as a man to Edition: current; Page: [229] encressen his owene profit to the harm of another man./ And though the grete men and the mighty men geten richesses more lightly than thou, / yet shaltou nat been ydel ne slow to do thy profit; for thou shalt in alle wyse flee ydelnesse.”/ For Salomon seith: that “ydelnesse techeth a man to do manye yveles.”/ And the same Salomon seith: that “he that travailleth and bisieth him to tilien his land, shal eten breed;/ but he that isSkeat1900: 2780 ydel and casteth him to no bisinesse ne occupacioun, shal falle in-to poverte, and dye for hunger.”/ And he that is ydel and slow can never finde covenable tyme for to doon his profit / For ther is a versifiour seith: that “the ydel man excuseth hym in winter, by cause of the grete cold; and in somer, by enchesoun of the hete.”/ For thise causes seith Caton: “waketh and enclyneth nat yow over muchel for to slepe; for over muchel reste norisseth and causeth manye vices.”/ And therfore seith seint Ierome: “doth somme gode dedes, that the devel which is our enemy ne finde yow nat unoccupied.”/ For the devel ne takethSkeat1900: 2785 nat lightly un-to his werkinge swiche as he findeth occupied in gode werkes.”/

§ 52. Thanne thus, in getinge richesses, ye mosten flee ydelnesse./ And afterward, ye shul use the richesses, whiche ye have geten by your wit and by your travaille, / in swich a manere, that men holde nat yow to scars, ne to sparinge, ne to fool-large, that is to seyn, over-large a spender./ For right as men blamen an avaricious man by-cause of his scarsetee and chincherye, / in theSkeat1900: 2790 same wyse is he to blame that spendeth over largely./ And therfore seith Caton: “use,” he seith, “thy richesses that thou hast geten / in swich a manere, that men have no matere ne cause to calle thee neither wrecche ne chinche;/ for it is a greet shame to a man to have a povere herte and a riche purs.”/ He seith also: “the goodes that thou hast y-geten, use hem by mesure,” that is to seyn, spende hem mesurably;/ for they thatSkeat1900: 2795 folily wasten and despenden the goodes that they han,/ whan they han namore propre of hir owene, they shapen hem to take the goodes of another man./ I seye thanne, that ye shul fleen avarice;/ usinge your richesses in swich manere, that men seye nat that your richesses been y-buried, / but that ye have hem in Edition: current; Page: [230] Skeat1900: 2800 your might and in your weeldinge./ For a wys man repreveth the avaricious man, and seith thus, in two vers:/ “wherto and why burieth a man hise goodes by his grete avarice, and knoweth wel that nedes moste he dye;/ for deeth is the ende of every man as in this present lyf.”/ And for what cause or enchesoun Ioyneth he him or knitteth he him so faste un-to hise goodes,/ that alle his wittes mowen nat disseveren him or departen himSkeat1900: 2805 from hise goodes;/ and knoweth wel, or oghte knowe, that whan he is deed, he shal no-thing bere with him out of this world./ And ther-fore seith seint Augustin: that “the avaricious man is likned un-to helle;/ that the more it swelweth, the more desyr it hath to swelwe and devoure.”/ And as wel as ye wolde eschewe to be called an avaricious man or chinche,/ as wel sholde ye kepe yow and governe yow in swich a wyse that menSkeat1900: 2810 calle yow nat fool-large./ Therfore seith Tullius: “the goodes,” he seith, “of thyn hous ne sholde nat been hid, ne kept so cloos but that they mighte been opened by pitee and debonairetee;”/ that is to seyn, to yeven part to hem that han greet nede;/ “ne thy goodes shullen nat been so opene, to been every mannes goodes.”/ Afterward, in getinge of your richesses and in usinge hem, ye shul alwey have three thinges in your herte;/ that is toSkeat1900: 2815 seyn, our lord god, conscience, and good name./ First, ye shul have god in your herte;/ and for no richesse ye shullen do nothing, which may in any manere displese god, that is your creatour and maker./ For after the word of Salomon: “it is bettre to have a litel good with the love of god, / than to have muchel good and tresour, and lese the love of his lord god.”/ And the prophete seith: that “bettre it is to been a good man and haveSkeat1900: 2820 litel good and tresour,/ than to been holden a shrewe and have grete richesses.”/ And yet seye I ferthermore, that ye sholde alwey doon your bisinesse to gete yow richesses,/ so that ye gete hem with good conscience./ And thapostle seith: that “ther nis thing in this world, of which we sholden have so greet Ioye as whan our conscience bereth us good witnesse.”/ And the wyse man seith: “the substance of a man is ful good, whan sinne isSkeat1900: 2825 nat in mannes conscience.”/ Afterward, in getinge of your richesses, and in usinge of hem,/ yow moste have greet bisinesse and greet diligence, that your goode name be alwey kept and conserved./ For Salomon seith: that “bettre it is and more it availleth a man to have a good name, than for to have grete richesses.”/ Edition: current; Page: [231] And therfore he seith in another place: “do greet diligence,” seith Salomon, “in keping of thy freend and of thy gode name;/ for it shal lenger abide with thee than any tresour, be it never so precious.”/ And certes he sholde nat be called a gentil man,Skeat1900: 2830 that after god and good conscience, alle thinges left, ne dooth his diligence and bisinesse to kepen his good name./ And Cassidore seith: that “it is signe of a gentil herte, whan a man loveth and desyreth to han a good name.”/ And therfore seith seint Augustin: that “ther been two thinges that arn necessarie and nedefulle,/ and that is good conscience and good loos;/ that is to seyn, good conscience to thyn owene persone inward, and good loos for thy neighebore outward.”/ And he that trusteth him soSkeat1900: 2835 muchel in his gode conscience,/ that he displeseth and setteth at noght his gode name or loos, and rekketh noght though he kepe nat his gode name, nis but a cruel cherl./

§ 53. Sire, now have I shewed yow how ye shul do in getinge richesses, and how ye shullen usen hem;/ and I se wel, that for the trust that ye han in youre richesses, ye wole moeve werre and bataille./ I conseille yow, that ye biginne no werre in trust of your richesses; for they ne suffysen noght werres to mayntene./Skeat1900: 2840 And therfore seith a philosophre: “that man that desyreth and wole algates han werre, shal never have suffisaunce;/ for the richer that he is, the gretter despenses moste he make, if he wole have worship and victorie.”/ And Salomon seith: that “the gretter richesses that a man hath, the mo despendours he hath.”/ And dere sire, al-be-it so that for your richesses ye mowe have muchel folk,/ yet bihoveth it nat, ne it is nat good, to biginne werre, where-as ye mowe in other manere have pees, un-to your worship and profit./ For the victories of batailles that been inSkeat1900: 2845 this world, lyen nat in greet nombre or multitude of the peple ne in the vertu of man;/ but it lyth in the wil and in the hand of our lord god almighty./ And therfore Iudas Machabeus, which was goddes knight, / whan he sholde fighte agayn his adversarie that hadde a greet nombre, and a gretter multitude of folk and strenger than was this peple of Machabee, / yet he reconforted his litel companye, and seyde right in this wyse:/ “als lightly,” quodSkeat1900: 2850 he, “may our lord god almighty yeve victorie to a fewe folk as to many folk;/ for the victorie of bataile cometh nat by the grete Edition: current; Page: [232] nombre of peple, / but it cometh from our lord god of hevene.”/ And dere sir, for as muchel as there is no man certein, if he be worthy that god yeve him victorie, [namore than he is certein whether he be worthy of the love of god] or naught, after that Salomon seith, / therfore every man sholde greetly drede werres toSkeat1900: 2855 biginne./ And by-cause that in batailles fallen manye perils, / and happeth outher-while, that as sone is the grete man sleyn as the litel man;/ and, as it is written in the seconde book of Kinges, “the dedes of batailles been aventurouse and nothing certeyne;”/ for as lightly is oon hurt with a spere as another./ And for ther is gret peril in werre, therfore sholde a man flee and escheweSkeat1900: 2860 werre, in as muchel as a man may goodly./ For Salomon seith: “he that loveth peril shal falle in peril.” ’/

§ 54. After that Dame Prudence hadde spoken in this manere, Melibee answerde and seyde, / ‘I see wel, dame Prudence, that by your faire wordes and by your resons that ye han shewed me, that the werre lyketh yow no-thing;/ but I have nat yet herd your conseil, how I shal do in this nede.’/

§ 55. ‘Certes,’ quod she, ‘I conseille yow that ye accordeSkeat1900: 2865 with youre adversaries, and that ye haue pees with hem./ For seint Iame seith in hise epistles: that “by concord and pees the smale richesses wexen grete, / and by debaat and discord the grete richesses fallen doun.”/ And ye knowen wel that oon of the gretteste and most sovereyn thing, that is in this world, is unitee and pees./ And therfore seyde oure lord Iesu Crist to hise apostles in this wyse:/ “wel happy and blessed been they thatSkeat1900: 2870 loven and purchacen pees; for they been called children of god.” ’/ ‘A!’ quod Melibee, ‘now se I wel that ye loven nat myn honour ne my worshipe./ Ye knowen wel that myne adversaries han bigonnen this debaat and brige by hir outrage;/ and ye see wel that they ne requeren ne preyen me nat of pees, ne they asken nat to be reconsiled./ Wol ye thanne that I go and meke me and obeye me to hem, and crye hem mercy?/ For sothe, that wereSkeat1900: 2875 nat my worship./ For right as men seyn, that “over-greet homlinesse engendreth dispreysinge,” so fareth it by to greet humylitee or mekenesse.’/

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§ 56. Thanne bigan dame Prudence to maken semblant of wratthe, and seyde,/ ‘certes, sir, sauf your grace, I love your honour and your profit as I do myn owene, and ever have doon;/ ne ye ne noon other syen never the contrarie./ And yit, if I hadde seyd that ye sholde han pu