Separation of Powers: A Bibliography by Vile

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Source: In Vile's Constitutionalism and the Separation of Powers (2nd ed.) (Indianapolis, Liberty Fund 1998).

BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE SEPARATION OF POWERS

This bibliography, although not claiming to be exhaustive, includes works not referred to in the text, drawn from a number of sources. Good sources for further bibliographical material are William B. Gwyn, The Meaning of the Separation of Powers; and Michel Troper, La séparation des pouvoirs et l’histoire constitutionnelle française.

1. General Works

  • Bluntschli, J. C. Allgemeine Staatslehre. Stuttgart, 1875.
  • Bondy, William. The Separation of Governmental Powers: In History, in Theory, and in the Constitutions. Studies in History, Economics and Public Law, Vol. V, No. 2. New York, 1896.
  • Burdeau, G. Traité de science politique. Paris, 1957.
  • Fuzier-Herman, E. La séparation des pouvoirs d’après l’histoire et le droit constitutionnel comparé. Paris, 1880.
  • Gwyn, William B. The Meaning of the Separation of Powers: An Analysis of the Doctrine from Its Origin to the Adoption of the United States Constitution. Tulane Studies in Political Science, Vol. IX. New Orleans, 1965.
  • Kant, Immanuel. The Philosophy of Law (1796). Translated by W. Hastie. Edinburgh, 1887.
  • Mohl, R. von. Die Geschichte und Literatur der Staatswissenschaften. Erlangen, 1855.
  • Sartori, Giovanni. “Constitutionalism: A Preliminary Discussion.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. LVI, No. 4, December 1962.
  • Troper, Michel. La séparation des pouvoirs et l’histoire constitutionnelle française. Paris, 1973.
  • Wormuth, F. D. The Origins of Modern Constitutionalism. New York, 1949.
  • Wright, B. F. Jr. “The Origins of the Separation of Powers in America.” Economica, May 1933.

2. The Precursors

  • Aristotle. The Constitution of Athens. Edited by Kurt von Fritz and E. Kapp. New York, 1950.
  • ———. Ethics. Translated by J. A. K. Thomson. London, 1955.
  • ———. Politics. Edited by Sir Ernest Barker. New York, 1958.
  • Bodin, Jean. The Six Bookes of a Commonweale. Knolles edition, 1606. Edited by K. D. McRae. Cambridge, Mass., 1962.
  • Church, W. F. Constitutional Thought in Sixteenth-Century France. Cambridge, Mass., 1941.
  • Fortescue, Sir John. The Governance of England: The Difference between Absolute and Limited Monarchy. Edited by C. Plummer. Oxford, 1885.
  • Gewirth, A. Marsilius of Padua: The Defender of Peace. New York, 1951.
  • Hinton, R. W. K. “English Constitutional Theories from Sir John Fortesque to Sir John Elliott.” English Historical Review, Vol. LXXV, July 1960.
  • Hotman, François. Franco-Gallia (1573). Second English edition. London, 1721.
  • Levin, M. L. The Political Doctrine of Montesquieu’s Esprit des Lois: Its Classical Background. New York, 1936.
  • McIlwain, C. H. The High Court of Parliament and Its Supremacy. New Haven, Conn., 1910.
  • ———. Constitutionalism, Ancient and Modern. Ithaca, N.Y., 1947.
  • Nippel, Wilfrid. Mischverfassungstheorie und Verfassungsrealität in Antike und früher Neuzeit. Stuttgart, 1980.
  • ———. “Ancient and Modern Republicanism: ‘Mixed Constitution’ and ‘Ephors.’” In The Invention of the Modern Republic, edited by Biancamaria Fontana. Cambridge, 1994.
  • Plucknett, T. F. T. Statutes and Their Interpretation in the First Half of the Fourteenth Century. Cambridge, 1922.
  • Pocock, J. G. A. The Machiavellian Moment: Florentine Political Thought and the Atlantic Republican Tradition. Princeton, N.J., 1975.
  • Poynet, Bishop John. Short Treatise of Politicke Power. Strasbourg, 1556.
  • Previté-Orton, C. W. “Marsiglio of Padua, Part II. Doctrines.” English Historical Review, Vol. XXXVIII, No. 149, January 1923.
  • Pufendorf, Samuel. Le droit de la nature et des gens. Translated by J. Barbeyrac. Amsterdam, 1712.
  • Smith, Sir Thomas. De Republica Anglorum (1583). Edited by L. Alston. Cambridge, 1906.
  • Ullmann, W. Principles of Government and Politics in the Middle Ages. London, 1961.
  • Vindiciae Contra Tyrannos. English edition. London, 1648.
  • Von Fritz, Kurt. The Theory of the Mixed Constitution in Antiquity. New York, 1954.
  • Von Mehren, A. “The Judicial Concept of Legislation in Tudor England.” In Interpretations of Modern Legal Philosophies, edited by P. Sayre. New York, 1947.

3. Seventeenth-Century England: The Birth of the Doctrine

  • Buchanan, George. De Jure Regni apud Scotos. English edition. 1680.
  • Charles I, King of England. His Majesties Answer to the XIX Propositions Of Both Houses of Parliament. London, 1642.
  • Condren, C. George Lawson’s Politica and the English Revolution. Cambridge, 1989.
  • Dallison, Charles. The Royalists Defence. 1648.
  • Ferne, Dr. H. Conscience Satisfied. That there is no Warrant for the Armes now taken up by Subjects. Oxford, 1643.
  • Filmer, Sir Robert. The Anarchy of a Limited or Mixed Monarchy. London, 1648.
  • Fink, Z. S. The Classical Republicans: An Essay in the Recovery of a Pattern of Thought in Seventeenth-Century England. Evanston, Ill., 1945.
  • Foundations of Freedom: or an Agreement of the People. London, 1648.
  • Frank, J. The Levellers. A History of the Writings of Three Seventeenth-Century Social Democrats: John Lilburne, Richard Overton, William Walwyn. Cambridge, Mass., 1955.
  • Gibb, M. A. John Lilburne: The Leveller, A Christian Democrat. London, 1947.
  • Gooch, G. P. English Democratic Ideas in the Seventeenth Century. New York, 1959.
  • [Hall, John]. Confusion Confounded: or a Firm Way of Settlement Settled and Confirmed. London, 1654.
  • Haller, W. Liberty and Reformation in the Puritan Revolution. New York, 1944.
  • Harrington, James. The Commonwealth of Oceana. London, 1656.
  • [———]. The Humble Petition of Divers Well-affected Persons. . . . London, 1659.
  • Herle, Charles. A Fuller Answer to a Treatise Written by Dr. Ferne. . . . London, 1642.
  • ———. An Answer to Dr. Ferne’s Reply. London, 1643.
  • Hunton, Philip. A Treatise of Monarchy. London, 1643.
  • ———. A Vindication of the Treatise of Monarchy. London, 1644.
  • Jenks, E. The Constitutional Experiments of the Commonwealth. Cambridge, 1890.
  • Judson, Margaret A. The Crisis of the Constitution: An Essay in Constitutional Thought in England, 1603–1645. New Brunswick, N.J., 1949.
  • Kliger, Samuel. The Goths in England: A Study in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Thought. Cambridge, Mass., 1952.
  • Lawson, George. An Examination of the Political Part of Mr. Hobbs his Leviathan. London, 1657.
  • ———. Politica Sacra et Civilis. London, 1660.
  • L’Estrange, Sir Roger. A Plea for a Limited Monarchy. London, 1660. In Harleian Miscellany, Vol. 1, pp. 17–23.
  • Lilburne, John. The Earnest Petition of Many Free-born People. London, 1648.
  • ———. The Picture of the Councel of State. London, 1649.
  • Locke, John. Two Treatises of Government (1690). A Critical Edition. Edited by Peter Laslett. London, 1960.
  • Maclean, A. H. “George Lawson and John Locke,” The Cambridge Historical Journal, Vol. IX, 1947.
  • Milton, John. Eikonoklastes. London, 1649.
  • ———. Character of the Long Parliament. London, 1681.
  • ———. The Ready and Easy way to Establish a Free Commonwealth. In Works, Vol. II. Amsterdam, 1698.
  • Nedham, Marchamont. A True State of the Case of the Commonwealth. London, 1654.
  • ———. The Excellencie of a Free State. London, 1656.
  • Pease, T. C. The Leveller Movement: A Study in the History and Political Theory of the English Great Civil War. Washington, D.C., 1916.
  • Penington, Isaac the Younger. A Word for the Commonweale. . . . London, 1650.
  • ———. The Fundamental Right, Safety and Liberty of the People. . . . London, 1651.
  • ———. A Considerable Question about Government. . . . London, 1653.
  • Pole, J. R. The Seventeenth Century: The Sources of Legislative Power. Charlottesville, Va., 1969.
  • The Priviledges and Practice of Parliaments in England. 1628.
  • Sadler, John. Rights of the Kingdom. London, 1649.
  • Sidney, Algernon. Discourses Concerning Government. London, 1698.
  • Vane, Sir Henry. A Healing Question. . . . London, 1655.
  • Weston, Corinne Comstock. “Beginnings of the Classical Theory of the English Constitution.” Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, April 1956.
  • ———. “The Theory of Mixed Monarchy Under Charles I and After.” English Historical Review, Vol. LXXV, July 1960.
  • ———. English Constitutional Theory and the House of Lords, 1556–1832. London, 1965.
  • Weston, Corinne Comstock, and J. R. Greenberg. Subjects and Sovereigns: The Grand Controversy over Legal Sovereignty in Stuart England. Cambridge, 1981.
  • Wildman, John. Truths, Tryumph, or Treachery Anatomised. London, 1648.
  • Wolfe, Don M. Leveller Manifestoes of the Puritan Revolution. New York, 1944.

4. The Balanced Constitution of the Eighteenth Century and Its Critics

  • Acherley, R. The Britannic Constitution. London, 1727.
  • Bentham, Jeremy. A Fragment on Government. London, 1776.
  • ———. A General View of a Complete Code of Laws (1802). In The Works of Jeremy Bentham, Vol. 3. New York, 1962.
  • ———. The Elements of the Art of Packing. London, 1821.
  • ———. The Book of Fallacies. London, 1824.
  • ———. The Constitutional Code. London, 1825.
  • The Black Book: An Exposition of Abuses in Church and State. London, 1835.
  • Blackstone, Sir William. Commentaries on the Laws of England. London, 1765–9.
  • Bolingbroke, Henry St. John. A Dissertation on Parties. Second edition. London, 1735.
  • ———. Remarks on the History of England. London, 1743.
  • ———. Of the Constitution of Great Britain. In A Collection of Political Tracts. London, 1748.
  • Carpenter, W. S. “The Separation of Powers in the Eighteenth Century.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. XXII, February 1928.
  • Cartwright, John. An Appeal on the Subject of the English Constitution. Boston, Lincolnshire, 1797.
  • ———. The English Constitution Produced and Illustrated. London, 1823.
  • Grenville, George. The Speech of a Right Honourable Gentleman. London, 1769.
  • An Historical Essay on the English Constitution. 1771.
  • Klimowsky, E. Die englische Gewaltenteilungslehre bis zu Montesquieu. Berlin, 1927.
  • Lolme, Jean Louis de. Constitution of England. . . . London, 1775.
  • Mackworth, Sir Humphrey. A Vindication of the Rights of the Commons of England. London, 1701.
  • Nares, R. Principles of Government Deduced from Reason. London, 1792.
  • The Old Whig, No. 1. London, 1719.
  • On the Peerage. 1719.
  • Paine, Tom. Common Sense. 1776.
  • ———. The Rights of Man. London, 1791.
  • Paley, William. The Principles of Moral and Political Philosophy. London, 1785.
  • [Payne, Sir Peter]. Defence of the Constitution. Birmingham, 1822.
  • Peacock, Rev. D. M. Considerations on the Structure of the House of Commons. London, 1794.
  • Plowden, F. A Short History of the British Empire. London, 1794.
  • Reflections on the Formation of a Regency. London, 1788.
  • Robbins, Caroline. The Eighteenth-Century Commonwealthman: Studies in the Transmission, Development, and Circumstance of English Liberal Thought from the Restoration of Charles II Until the War with the Thirteen Colonies. New York, 1968.
  • Rous, G. A Candid Investigation. . . . London, 1784.
  • ———. The Claim of the House of Commons. . . . London, 1784.
  • ———. A Letter to the Right Honourable Edmund Burke. London, 1791.
  • Ruff, Edith. Jean Louis de Lolme und sein Werk über die Verfassung Englands. In Historische Studien, Vol. 240. Berlin, 1934.
  • Steele, Sir Richard. The Plebian, No. II. London, 1719.
  • Stephens, William. A Letter to His Most Excellent Majesty King William III. Third edition. London, 1699.
  • Swift, Jonathan. A Discourse of the Contests and Dissentions between the Nobles and Commons in Athens and Rome. 1701. In Works, Vol. III. London, 1766.
  • Toland, John. The Art of Governing by Partys. London, 1701.
  • Turner, E. R. “The Peerage Bill of 1719.” English Historical Review, Vol. 28, 1913.
  • Walpole, Sir Robert. Some Reflections on a Pamphlet called the Old Whig. London, 1719.
  • ———. The Thoughts of a Member of the Lower House, etc. London, 1719.
  • Williams, David. Letters on Political Liberty. 1782.
  • ———. Lectures on Political Principles. London, 1789.
  • Yate, Walter. Political and Historical Arguments Proving the Necessity of Parliamentary Reform. London, 1812.

5. Montesquieu

  • Barckhausen, M. Montesquieu, ses idées et ses oeuvres. Paris, 1907.
  • Bonno, G. La constitution britannique devant l’opinion française de Montesquieu à Bonaparte. Paris, 1932.
  • Carcassonne, E. Montesquieu et le problème de la constitution française au XVIIIe siècle. Paris, 1927.
  • Condorcet, Marie-Jean. La pensée politique de Montesquieu. Caen, 1985.
  • Courteney, C. P. Montesquieu and Burke. Oxford, 1963.
  • Dedieu, J. Montesquieu et la tradition politique anglaise en France. Paris, 1902.
  • Eisenmann, Charles. “L’Esprit des Lois et la séparation des pouvoirs.” In Mélanges R. Carré de Malberg. Paris, 1933.
  • Fletcher, F. T. H. Montesquieu and English Politics (1750–1800). London, 1939.
  • Granpré Molière, Jean-Jacques. La théorie de la constitution anglaise chez Montesquieu. Leiden, 1972.
  • Merry, Henry J. Montesquieu’s System of Natural Government. West Lafayette, Ind., 1970.
  • Mirkine-Guetzévitch, B., and Henri Puget, eds. La pensée politique et constitutionnelle de Montesquieu. Paris, 1952.
  • Montesquieu, Baron Louis de Secondat. De l’Esprit des Lois. Edited by J. Brette de la Gressaye. Paris, 1950.
  • Raumer, K. von. “Absoluter Staat, korporative Libertät, persönliche Freiheit.” Historische Zeitschrift, Vol. 183. Munich, 1957.
  • Schönfeld, K. M. Montesquieu en “La bouche de la loi.” Leiden, 1979.
  • Shackleton, Robert. “Montesquieu, Bolingbroke and the Separation of Powers.” French Studies, Vol. III, 1949.
  • ———. Montesquieu: A Critical Biography. Oxford, 1961.
  • Shklar, Judith. Montesquieu. Oxford, 1987.
  • Sorel, Albert. Montesquieu. London, 1887.
  • Stark, W. Montesquieu: Pioneer of the Sociology of Knowledge. London, 1960.
  • Struck, W. Montesquieu als Politiker. Berlin, 1933.

6. The Colonial Period in America

  • Bland, Richard. The Colonel Dismounted. Williamsburg, Va., 1764. In Pamphlets of the American Revolution, 1750–1776, edited by B. Bailyn. Cambridge, Mass., 1965.
  • Eliot, Jared. Give Cesar His Due. New London, 1738.
  • Howe, Mark de Wolfe, and Louis F. Eaton, Jr. “The Supreme Judicial Power in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay.” New England Quarterly, September 1947.
  • Labaree, L. W. Conservatism in Early American History. Ithaca, N.Y., 1959.
  • Otis, James. Boston Gazette, 11 January 1762.
  • ———. The Rights of the British Colonies Asserted and Proved. Boston, 1764.
  • Penn, William. The Frame of Government of the Province of Pennsylvania. 1682.
  • Pownall, Thomas. The Administration of the Colonies. Second edition. London, 1765.
  • “Small Treatise.” The Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Vol. 46, 1913.
  • Spurlin, P. H. Montesquieu in America, 1760–1801. Baton Rouge, La., 1940.
  • [Thacher, Oxenbridge]. Considerations on the Election of Counsellors. Boston, 1761.
  • “T.Q.” [Oxenbridge Thacher]. Boston Gazette, 6 June 1763.
  • Winthrop’s Journal. Edited by James Savage. Boston, 1853.
  • Wise, John. A Vindication of the Government of New England Churches. Boston, 1717.

7. The American Revolution and the State Constitutions

  • “A.B.” The Pennsylvania Gazette, 28 April 1784.
  • Adams, John. Letter to Richard Henry Lee, 15 Nov. 1775. In Works, Vol. IV. Boston, 1865, p. 186.
  • ———. Novanglus, or a History of the Dispute with America. In Works, Vol. IV. Boston, 1865.
  • Allen, Ira. Some Miscellaneous Remarks. Hartford, Conn., 1777.
  • Baldwin, Alice M. The New England Clergy and the American Revolution. Durham, N.C., 1928.
  • Barnhart, John D. “The Tennessee Constitution of 1796: A Product of the Old West.” The Journal of Southern History, Vol. IX, 1943.
  • Bradley, S. R. Vermont’s Appeal to the Candid and Impartial World. Hartford, Conn., 1780.
  • Brennan, Ellen E. Plural Office-Holding in Massachusetts, 1760–1780. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1945.
  • Brunhouse, R. L. The Counter-Revolution in Pennsylvania, 1776–1790. Philadelphia, 1942.
  • “Candidus.” Plain Truth. Philadelphia, 1776.
  • The Committee of Privates of Philadelphia. To the Several Battalions of Military Associators in the Province of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, June 1776.
  • Coulter, Merton E. “Early Frontier Democracy in the First Kentucky Constitution.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 39, 1924.
  • The Council of Censors. Journal of the Council of Censors. Philadelphia, 1783–4.
  • ———. Report of the Committee of the Council of Censors. Philadelphia, 1784.
  • “Demophilus.” The Genuine Principles of the Ancient Saxon or English Constitution. Philadelphia, 1776.
  • [John Dickinson]. An Essay of a Frame of Government for Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1776.
  • Douglass, E. P. Rebels and Democrats. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1955.
  • Fischer, David H. “The Myth of the Essex Junto.” William and Mary Quarterly, Vol. XXI, No. 2, April 1964.
  • Four letters on Interesting Subjects. Philadelphia, 1776.
  • Graydon, Alexander. Memoirs of a Life Chiefly Passed in Pennsylvania. Edinburgh, 1822.
  • Hawke, D. In the Midst of a Revolution. Philadelphia, 1961.
  • “The Interest of America.” In The Pennsylvania Packet, 1 July 1776.
  • “J.” Boston Evening Post, Supplement, 23 May 1763.
  • Jefferson, Thomas. Summary View of the Rights of British America. Williamsburg, Va., 1774.
  • ———. Notes on the State of Virginia. Philadelphia, 1781.
  • Lincoln, C. H. The Revolutionary Movement in Pennsylvania, 1760–1776. Philadelphia, 1901.
  • McMaster, J. B., and F. D. Stone. Pennsylvania and the Federal Constitution, 1787–1788. Philadelphia, 1888.
  • Manin, Bernard. “Frontières, freins et contrepoids: La séparation des pouvoirs dans le débat constitutionnel Américain de 1787.” Revue française de science politique, Vol. 44, No. 2, April 1994.
  • Marcus, Maeva. “Separation of Powers in the Early National Period.” William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 30, 1989.
  • Meader, L. H. “The Council of Censors.” The Pennsylvania Magazine, Vol. XXII, No. 3, 1898.
  • Nevins, A. The American States During and After the Revolution, 1775–1789. New York, 1924.
  • Niles, H. Principles and Acts of the Revolution in America. Baltimore, 1822.
  • [Parsons, Theophilus]. Result of the Convention of Delegates . . . (The Essex Result). Newbury-port, Mass., 1778.
  • The People the Best Governors. In F. Chase, A History of Dartmouth College, Vol. I, edited by J. K. Lord. Cambridge, Mass., 1891.
  • Pocock, J. G. A. Three British Revolutions: 1641, 1688, 1776. Princeton, N.J., 1980.
  • Purcell, R. J. Connecticut in Transition, 1775–1818. Middletown, Conn., 1963.
  • Rush, Benjamin. Observations on the Present Government of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1777.
  • Taylor, R. J., ed. Massachusetts, Colony to Commonwealth: Documents on the Formation of the Constitution, 1775–1780. Chapel Hill, N.C., 1961.
  • Thorpe, F. N. A Constitutional History of the American People, 1776–1850. New York, 1898.
  • ———. The Federal and State Constitutions. Washington, D.C., 1909.
  • To the People of North America on the Different Types of Government. In American Archives, edited by Peter Force. Washington, 1843.
  • Williams, Samuel. The Natural and Civil History of Vermont. Walpole, N.H., 1794.
  • Young, Thomas. To the Inhabitants of Vermont. Philadelphia, 1777.

8. The Federal Constitution and Its Critics

  • Adams, John. Defence Of the Constitutions of Government of the United States of America, 1787. Boston, 1865.
  • “Aristides.” Remarks on the Proposed Plan of a Federal Government. Annapolis, Md., 1788.
  • Blumoff, Theodore Y. “Separation of Powers and the Origins of the Appointment Clause.” Syracuse Law Review, Vol. 37, 1987.
  • Carey, George W. “Separation of Powers and the Madisonian Model: A Reply to the Critics.” The American Political Science Review, Vol. 72, 1978.
  • Casper, Gerhard. “An Essay in Separation of Powers: Some Early Versions and Practices.” William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 30, 1989.
  • “Centinel.” To the People of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, 1787. In J. B. McMaster and F. D. Stone, Pennsylvania and the Federal Constitution, 1787–1788. Philadelphia, 1888.
  • Chipman, Nathaniel. Sketches of the Principles of Government. Rutland, Vt., 1793.
  • ———. Principles of Government. Burlington, Vt., 1833.
  • Conkin, P. K. Self-Evident Truths: Being a Discourse on the Origins and Development of the First Principles of American Government—Popular Sovereignty, Natural Rights, and Balance and Separation of Powers. Bloomington, Ind., 1974.
  • Corwin, E. S. “The Progress of Constitutional Theory, 1776 to 1787.” American Historical Review, Vol. XXX, No. 3, 1925.
  • Farrand, Max, ed. The Records of the Federal Convention of 1787. New Haven, Conn., 1937.
  • Ford, P. L., ed. The Writings of Thomas Jefferson. New York, 1892–9.
  • Gwyn, William B. “The Indeterminacy of the Separation of Powers in the Age of the Framers.” William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 30, No. 2, winter 1989.
  • Hamilton, A., J. Madison, and J. Jay. The Federalist Papers. Edited by Clinton Rossiter. New York, 1961.
  • Iredell, James. Answers to Mr. Mason’s Objections. Newbern, N.C., 1788.
  • [Jackson, Johnathan]. The Political Situation of the United States of America. Worcester, Mass., 1788.
  • Koch, Adrienne. Jefferson and Madison: The Great Collaboration. New York, 1964.
  • Manin, Bernard. “Checks, Balances and Boundaries: The Separation of Powers in the Constitutional Debate of 1787.” In The Invention of the Modern Republic, edited by Biancamaria Fontana. Cambridge, 1994.
  • Mason, George. The Objections of the Hon. George Mason . . . 1787. In P. L. Ford, Pamphlets on the Constitution of the United States. New York, 1888.
  • Morgan, Robert J. “Madison’s Theory of Representation in the Tenth Federalist.” The Journal of Politics, Vol. 37, 1974.
  • Observations on Government. 1787.
  • Sharp, M. P. “The Classical American Doctrine of the Separation of Powers.” University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 2, April 1935.
  • Storing, H. J. The Complete Anti-Federalist. 7 vols. Chicago, 1981.
  • Stromberg, Joseph R. “Country Ideology, Republicanism, and Libertarianism: The Thought of John Taylor of Caroline.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies, Vol. VI, No. 1, winter 1982.
  • Taylor, John of Caroline. An Inquiry into the Principles and Policy of the Government of the United States. Fredericksburg, Va., 1814.
  • ———. Construction Construed and Constitutions Vindicated. Richmond, Va., 1820.
  • ———. Tyranny Unmasked. Washington, 1822.
  • ———. New Views of the Constitution of the United States. Washington, 1823.
  • Walsh, Correa M. The Political Science of John Adams: A Study in the Theory of Mixed Government and the Bicameral System. New York, 1915.
  • Wilson, James. Commentaries on the Constitution of the United States. London, 1792.
  • ———. The Works of the Hon. James Wilson. 3 vols. Philadelphia, 1804.

9. The French Revolution

  • Bastid, P. Les discours de Sieyès dans les débats constitutionnels de l’An III. Paris, 1939.
  • ———. Sieyès et sa pensée. Paris, 1939.
  • Boissy d’Anglas, François Antoine. Le Moniteur Universel, No. 283, Vol. 25. Paris, 1840–7.
  • Carnot, Lazare. Le Moniteur Universel, No. 194, Vol. 20. Paris, 1840–7.
  • Condorcet, Marie-Jean. Plan de constitution présenté à la Convention Nationale. In Oeuvres, Vol. XVIII. Paris, 1804.
  • Duguit, Léon. “La séparation des pouvoirs et l’assemblée nationale de 1789.” Revue d’Economie Politique, Vol. 7, 1893.
  • Mably, Gabriel Bonnot, l’Abbé de. Observations sur les Romains. 1751.
  • ———. Droits et devoirs du citoyen. 1758.
  • ———. De l’étude de l’histoire. 1778.
  • Mellis, Paul de. Le principe de la séparation des pouvoirs d’après l’Abbé de Mably. Toulouse, 1907.
  • Mirabeau, Honoré-Gabriel, comte de. Courier de Provence, No. 41, September 1789.
  • Mirkine-Guetzévitch, B. Le gouvernement parlementaire sous la Convention. In Cahiers de la Révolution française, No. VI, 1937.
  • Pasquino, Pasquale. “The Constitutional Republicanism of Emmanuel Sieyès.” In The Invention of the Modern Republic, edited by Biancamaria Fontana. Cambridge, 1994.
  • Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. The Social Contract (1762). Edited by F. Watkins. London, 1953.
  • ———. Considérations sur le gouvernement de Pologne et sur sa réformation projettée. London, 1782.
  • Sieyès, l’Abbé Emmanuel. Qu’est-ce que le Tiers Etat? 1789.
  • Villers, Robert. “La Convention pratiqua-t-elle le gouvernement parlementaire?” Revue du droit publique, April–June 1951.

10. Post-Revolutionary France

  • Barante, A. B. de. La vie politique de M. Royer-Collard. Paris, 1863.
  • Bastid, P. Doctrines et institutions politiques de la Seconde République. Paris, 1945.
  • ———. Le gouvernement d’assemblée. Paris, 1956.
  • Bonnefon, J. Le régime parlementaire sous la Restauration. Paris, 1905.
  • Broglie, Victor, duc de. Vues sur le gouvernement de la France. Paris, 1870.
  • Constant, Benjamin. Collection complète des ouvrages de M. Benjamin de Constant. Paris, 1818.
  • Guizot, François. Du gouvernement représentatif et de l’état actuel de la France. Paris, 1816.
  • ———. De la démocratie en France. Paris, 1849.
  • Lamartine, A. de. La France parlementaire. Paris, 1865.
  • Nesmes-Desmonets, R. Les doctrines politiques de Royer-Collard. Montpellier, 1908.

11. The Nineteenth-Century British Constitution

  • Aiken, P. F. A Comparative View of the Constitutions of Great Britain and the United States of America. London, 1842.
  • Austin, John. The Province of Jurisprudence Determined. Second edition. London, 1861.
  • Bagehot, Walter. The British Constitution (1867). Introduction by R. H. S. Crossman. London, 1964.
  • Brougham, Henry. Political Philosophy. 3 vols. London, 1842–3.
  • ———. The British Constitution. London, 1860.
  • Bryce, James. The American Commonwealth. Second edition. London, 1890.
  • Cox, Homersham. The Institutions of the English Government. London, 1863.
  • Dicey, A. V. The Law of the Constitution. Eighth edition. London, 1931.
  • Erskine, Thomas. Armata: A Fragment. Second edition. London, 1817.
  • Grey, Earl Henry George. Parliamentary Government considered with Reference to a Reform of Parliament. London, 1858.
  • [Jeffrey, Francis]. Edinburgh Review, Vol. X, No. XX, July 1897.
  • Laurie, J. S. Sketches of the English Constitution. London, 1864.
  • Lewis, Sir George Cornewall. A Dialogue on the Best Form of Government. London, 1863.
  • Mill, John Stuart. Representative Government. London, 1865.
  • Park, J. J. The Dogmas of the Constitution. London, 1832.
  • A Political Dictionary. London, 1845.
  • Rowland, David. A Manual of the English Constitution. London, 1859.
  • Russell, Lord John. Essay on the History of the English Government and Constitution. London, 1821.
  • Sidgwick, Henry. The Elements of Politics. Second edition. London, 1897.

12. The United States: 1850–1945

  • Bradford, Gamaliel. The Lesson of Popular Government. New York, 1899.
  • Calhoun, John C. A Disquisition on Government. New York, 1854.
  • Cole, A. C., ed. The Constitutional Debates of 1847. Springfield, Mass., 1919.
  • Cooper, F. E. Administrative Agencies and the Courts. Ann Arbor, Mich., 1951.
  • Croly, Herbert. Progressive Democracy. New York, 1915.
  • Ford, Henry Jones. Rise and Growth of American Politics. New York, 1898.
  • Goodnow, Frank. Politics and Administration. New York, 1900.
  • Gulick, Luther. “Politics, Administration and the ‘New Deal.’” Annals of the American Academy, Vol. 169, September 1933.
  • Horn, Stephen. The Cabinet and Congress. New York, 1960.
  • Kales, M. Unpopular Government in the United States. Chicago, 1914.
  • Key, V. O., Jr. “Politics and Administration.” In The Future of Government in the United States, edited by J. D. White. Chicago, 1942.
  • Landis, James. The Administrative Process. New Haven, Conn., 1938.
  • Payne, G. H. The Birth of the New Party: Or Progressive Democracy. New York, 1912.
  • Pierce, Franklin. Federal Usurpation. New York, 1908.
  • Report of the President’s Committee on Administrative Management. Washington, D.C., 1937.
  • Smith, J. Allen. The Spirit of American Government. New York, 1907.
  • Stephens, Alexander H. A Constitutional View of the Late War Between the States. Philadelphia, 1876.
  • Vanderbilt, Arthur T. The Doctrine of the Separation of Powers and Its Present-Day Significance. Lincoln, Neb., 1953.
  • Waldo, D. The Administrative State. New York, 1948.
  • Willoughby, W. F. An Introduction to the Study of the Government of Modern States. New York, 1919.
  • Wilson, Woodrow. “Cabinet Government in the United States.” International Review, August 1879.
  • ———. Congressional Government. New York, 1885.
  • ———. “The Study of Administration.” Political Science Quarterly, June 1887.
  • ———. Constitutional Government in the United States. New York, 1908.

13. The Twentieth-Century British Political System

  • Amery, L. S. Thoughts on the Constitution. London, 1947.
  • Committee on Ministers’ Powers. Minutes of Evidence, HMSO. London, 1932.
  • The Financing and Accountability of Next Steps Agencies. H.M. Treasury. Cm 914, HMSO. London, 1989.
  • Galligan, D. J. Discretionary Powers: A Legal Study of Official Discretion. Oxford, 1986.
  • Gordon, Richard. “The New Sovereigns?” New Law Journal, Vol. 145, April 14, 1995, p. 529.
  • Graham, C., and T. Prosser. Waiving the Rules: The Constitution Under Thatcherism. Milton Keynes, 1988.
  • Harden, Ian, and Norman Lewis. The Noble Lie: The British Constitution and the Rule of Law. London, 1986.
  • Improving Management in Government: The Next Steps. Report to the Prime Minister. The Efficiency Unit, HMSO. London, 1988.
  • Making the Most of Next Steps: The Management of Ministers’ Departments and Their Executive Agencies. Report to the Prime Minister. The Efficiency Unit, HMSO. London, 1991.
  • Morrison, Herbert. Government and Parliament. Third edition. London, 1964.
  • Mount, F. The British Constitution Now. London, 1992.
  • Norton, Philip. The Constitution in Flux. Oxford, 1982.
  • Report of the Committee on Administrative Tribunals and Enquiries. Cmd. 218, HMSO. London, 1957.
  • Report of the Committee on Ministers’ Powers. Cmd. 4060, HMSO. London, 1932.
  • Ridley, F. “Using Power to Keep Power: The Need for Constitutional Checks.” Parliamentary Affairs, Vol. 44, October 1991.
  • Robson, W. A. Justice and Administrative Law. Second edition. London, 1947.
  • Vile, M. J. C. “Unbuckling Bagehot.” The Times Higher Educational Supplement, No. 814, June 10, 1988, p. 17.
  • ———. “Parliament and Government: Unbuckling the Powers.” Social Studies Review, Vol. 4, No. 3, January 1989, pp. 100–3.

14. From the Third Republic to the Fifth

  • Bacot, G. “L’Esprit des Lois, la séparation des pouvoirs et Charles Eisenmann.” Revue du droit publique, No. 3, May–June 1992.
  • Blocq-Mascart, M. Chroniques de la Résistance. Paris, 1945.
  • Blum, Léon. La réforme gouvernementale. Second edition. Paris, 1936.
  • Carré de Malberg, R. Contribution à la théorie générale de l’état. Paris, 1922.
  • Chorin, J. “Les entreprises publiques: statut, le code du travail et le principe de séparation des pouvoirs.” Droit social, No. 12, December 1993.
  • Club Jean Moulin. L’Etat et le citoyen. Paris, 1961.
  • ———. Bulletin du Club Jean Moulin, No. 31, juin–juillet 1962.
  • Comité Consultatif Constitutionnel. Travaux préparatoires de la Constitution. Paris, 1960.
  • Debré, Michel. La République et son pouvoir. Paris, 1950.
  • ———. Ces princes qui nous gouvernent. Paris, 1957.
  • ———. “La Nouvelle Constitution.” Revue française de science politique, Vol. 9, March 1959.
  • Duguit, Léon. Traité de droit constitutionnel. Second edition. Paris, 1921–3.
  • ———. Manuel de droit constitutionnel. Fourth edition. Paris, 1923.
  • Duvergier de Hauranne, Prosper. Histoire du gouvernement parlementaire en France. Paris, 1874.
  • Gooch, G. P. “Modern French Views on the Separation of Powers.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. XXXVIII, December 1923.
  • Mény, Y. “Le cumul des mandats ou l’impossible séparation des pouvoirs?” Pouvoirs, Vol. 64, 1993.
  • Michel, H., and B. Mirkine-Guetzévitch. Les idées politiques et sociales de la Résistance. Paris, 1954.
  • Poitou, Eugène. La liberté civile et le pouvoir administratif en France. Paris, 1869.
  • Tardieu, André. La réforme de l’état. Paris, 1934.
  • Troper, Michel. “The Development of the Notion of Separation of Powers.” Israel Law Review, Vol. 26, No. 1, winter 1992.
  • Wahl, N. “Aux origines de la nouvelle Constitution.” Revue française de science politique, Vol. IX, No. 1, 1959.

15. Modern American Constitutional Law and Theory

  • Berger, Raoul. Impeachment: The Constitutional Problems. Cambridge, Mass., 1973.
  • ———. Executive Privilege: A Constitutional Myth. Cambridge, Mass., 1974.
  • Berlin, E. P. “The Federal Sentencing Guidelines’ Failure to Eliminate Sentencing Disparity—Governmental Manipulations Before Arrest.” Wisconsin Law Review, No. 1, 1993.
  • Brennan, G., and A. Hamlin. “A Revisionist View of the Separation of Powers.” Journal of Theoretical Politics, Vol. 6, No. 3, July 1994.
  • Bybee, J. S. “Advising the President: Separation of Powers and the Federal Advisory Committee Act.” Yale Law Journal, Vol. 104, No. 1, October 1994.
  • Calabresi, S. G., and J. L. Larsen. “One Person, One Office—Separation of Powers or Separation of Personnel?” Cornell Law Review, Vol. 79, No. 5, 1994.
  • Carey, George W. In Defense of the Constitution. Revised edition. Indianapolis, Ind., 1995.
  • Choper, Jesse H. Judicial Review and the National Political Process: A Functional Reconsideration of the Role of the Supreme Court. Chicago, 1980.
  • Cooper, S. W. “Considering Power in Separation of Powers.” Stanford Law Review, Vol. 46, No. 2, 1994.
  • Curlin, J. W. “Science and Technology Under Constitutional Separation of Powers.” Technology in Society, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1992.
  • Cutler, Lloyd N. “To Form a Government.” Foreign Affairs, fall 1980.
  • Doidge, J. R. “Is Purely Retroactive Legislation Limited by the Separation of Powers?—Rethinking United States v. Klein.” Cornell Law Review, Vol. 79, No. 4, 1994.
  • Dolan, Michael W. “Congress, the Executive, and the Court: The Great Resale Price Maintenance Affair of 1983.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 45, November 1985.
  • Essayian, Lisa G. “Separation of Powers—The Federal Sentencing Commission: Unconstitutional Delegation and Threat to Judicial Impartiality?” The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 80, winter 1990.
  • Fisher, Louis. “Judicial Misjudgments About the Lawmaking Process: The Legislative Veto Case.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 45, November 1985.
  • ———. “The Legislative Veto: Invalidated, It Survives.” Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 56, No. 4, autumn 1993.
  • ———. The Politics of Shared Power: Congress and the Executive. Third edition. Washington, D.C., 1993.
  • Fitzgerald, John L. Congress and the Separation of Powers. New York, 1986.
  • Fletcher, George P. “The Separation of Powers: A Critique of Some Utilitarian Justifications.” Nomos, No. XX. New York, 1979.
  • Freedman, J. Crisis and Legitimacy. New York, 1978.
  • Goldwin, R. A., and A. Kaufman, eds. The Separation of Powers—Does It Still Work? Washington, D.C., 1986.
  • Gwyn, William B. “The Indeterminacy of the Separation of Powers and the Federal Courts.” George Washington Law Review, Vol. 57, No. 3, January 1989.
  • Halton, William. “Separating Powers: Dialectical Sense and Positive Nonsense.” In Judging the Constitution, edited by Michael W. McCann and Gerald L. Houseman. Glenview, Ill., 1989.
  • Hardin, Charles M. “A Challenge to Political Science.” PS, Washington, D.C., September 1989.
  • Harriger, K. J. “Separation of Powers and the Politics of Independent Counsels.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 109, No. 2, summer 1994.
  • Kirwan, K. A. “The Use and Abuse of Power: The Supreme Court and Separation of Powers.” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 537, 1995.
  • Koh, H. H. “Transnational Public Law Litigation.” Yale Law Journal, Vol. 100, No. 8, 1991.
  • Korn, J. “Improving the Policy-Making Process by Protecting the Separation of Powers—Chadha and the Legislative Vetoes in Education Statutes.” Polity, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1994.
  • Kravchuk, R. S. “Liberalism and the American Administrative State.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 52, No. 4, July/August 1992.
  • Kurland, Philip B. Watergate and the Constitution. Chicago, 1978.
  • Lawson, Gary. “The Rise and Rise of the Administrative State.” Harvard Law Review, Vol. 107, 1994.
  • Levi, Edward H. “Some Aspects of Separation of Powers.” Columbia Law Review, Vol. 76, 1976.
  • McClellan, James. The Constitution from a Conservative Perspective. Washington, D.C., 1988.
  • ———. Liberty, Order and Justice—An Introduction to the Constitutional Principles of American Government. Cumberland, Va., 1989.
  • Macey, Jonathan R. “Separated Powers and Positive Political Theory: The Tug of War over Administrative Agencies.” Georgetown Law Journal, Vol. 80, 1992.
  • McGinnis, J. O. “Constitutional Review by the Executive in Foreign Affairs and War Powers—A Consequence of Rational Choice in the Separation of Powers.” Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 56, No. 4, 1993.
  • McKay, David. “Review Article: Divided and Governed? Recent Research on Divided Government in the United States.” British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1994.
  • Merrill, Thomas W. “The Constitutional Principle of the Separation of Powers.” Supreme Court Review, 1991, Chicago, 1992.
  • Miller, A. S. “An Inquiry into the Relevance of the Intentions of the Founding Fathers with Special Emphasis upon the Doctrine of the Separation of Powers.” 27 Arkansas Law Review, 583, 1974.
  • Miller, Geoffrey P. “The President’s Power of Interpretation: Implications of a Unified Theory of Constitutional Law.” Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 56, No. 4, 1993.
  • Moe, Terry M., and Scott A. Wilson. “Presidents and the Politics of Structure.” Law and Contemporary Problems, Vol. 57, No. 2, 1994.
  • Montgomery, B. P. “Nixon Legal Legacy—White House Papers and the Constitution.” American Archivist, Vol. 56, No. 4, 1993.
  • Mullenix, L. S. “Unconstitutional Rulemaking—The Civil Justice Reform Act and Separation of Powers.” Minnesota Law Review, Vol. 77, No. 6, 1993.
  • O’Toole, Laurence J. “Doctrines and Developments: Separation of Powers, the Politics-Administration Dichotomy, and the Rise of the Administrative State.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 47, January/February 1987.
  • Peterson, T. D. “The Role of the Executive Branch in the Discipline and Removal of Federal Judges.” University of Illinois Law Review, No. 4, 1993.
  • Rakove, Jack, and Susan Zlomke. “James Madison and the Independent Executive.” Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol. 17, spring 1987.
  • Redish, M. H., and E. J. Cesar. “If Angels Were to Govern—The Need for Pragmatic Formalism in Separation of Powers Theory.” Duke Law Journal, Vol. 41, No. 3, 1991.
  • Rosenbloom, David H. “Public Administrative Theory and the Separation of Powers.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 43, May/June 1983.
  • Rossum, Ralph. Congressional Control of the Judiciary: The Article III Option. Cumberland, Va., 1988.
  • Sargentich, Thomas O. “The Contemporary Debate About Legislative-Executive Separation of Powers.” 72 Cornell Law Review, 1987.
  • Scheiber, H. N. “Constitutional Structure and the Protection of Rights—Federalism and the Separation of Powers.” In The United States Constitution—Roots, Rights, and Responsibilities, edited by A. Howard. Washington, D.C., 1992.
  • Shuman, Howard E. Politics and the Budget: The Struggle Between the President and Congress. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1984.
  • Siegan, B. H. “Separation of Powers and Economic Liberties.” Notre Dame Law Review, Vol. 70, No. 3, 1995.
  • Smentkowski, B. “Legal Reasoning and the Separation of Powers: A State-Level Analysis of Disputes Involving Federal Funds Appropriations. Law and Policy, Vol. 16, No. 4, October 1944.
  • Sprigman, C. J. “Standing on Firmer Ground—Separation of Powers and Deference to Congressional Findings in the Standings Analysis.” University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 59, No. 4, 1992.
  • Stover, C. P. “The Old Public Administration is the New Jurisprudence.” Administration and Society, Vol. 27, No. 1, 1995.
  • Strauss, Peter. “The Place of Agencies in Government: Separation of Powers and the Fourth Branch.” Columbia Law Review, Vol. 84, 1984.
  • ———. “Formal and Functionalist Approaches to Separation of Powers Questions—A Foolish Inconsistency.” Cornell Law Review, Vol. 72, 1987.
  • Sundquist, James L. “Needed: A Political Theory for the New Era of Coalition Government in the United States.” Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 103, 1988.
  • Sunstein, Cass R. “Constitutionalism After the New Deal.” Harvard Law Review, Vol. 101, 1987.
  • ———. “Standing and the Privatization of Public Law.” Columbia Law Review, Vol. 88, No. 6, October 1988.
  • Thomas, Richard M. “Formalism and Functionalism: From Northern Pipeline to Thomas v. Union Carbide Agricultural Products Co.” Syracuse Law Review, Vol. 37, 1987.
  • Tomaszczuk, A. D., and J. E. Jensen. “The Adjudicatory Arm of Congress—The GAO’s Sixty-Year Role in Deciding Government Contract Bid Protests Comes Under Renewed Attack by the Department of Justice.” Harvard Journal on Legislation, Vol. 29, No. 2, 1992.
  • Treister, D. S. “Standing to Sue the Government—Are Separation of Powers Principles Being Served?” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 67, No. 3, 1994.
  • Tushnet, M. “The Sentencing Commission and Constitutional Theory—Bowls and Plateaus in Separation of Powers Theory.” Southern California Law Review, Vol. 66, No. 1, 1992.
  • Verkuil, Paul R. “Separation of Powers, the Rule of Law and the Idea of Independence.” William and Mary Law Review, Vol. 30, 1989.
  • Vile, M. J. C. “Presidential and Parliamentary Systems.” In The Prospect for Presidential-Congressional Government, edited by Albert Lepawsky. Berkeley, 1977.
  • Vincent, J. C., and T. H. Roback. “Dilemmas of Legitimacy—The Supreme Court, Patronage, and the Public Interest.” Administration and Society, Vol. 26, No. 4, 1994.
  • Wilson, James Q. “Does the Separation of Powers Still Work?” The Public Interest, Vol. 86, winter 1987.

16. General References

  • Amissah, A. N. E. The Contribution of the Courts to Government: A West African View. Oxford, 1981.
  • Aznam, Suhaini. “Separating the Powers (Malaysia).” Far Eastern Economic Review, Vol. 34, December 1986.
  • Ceterchi, I. “Institutional Problems of Transition in Romania.” Revue d’études comparatives est-ouest, Vol. 23, No. 4, 1992.
  • Chiu, H. D. “Constitutional Development and Reform in the Republic of China on Taiwan.” Issues and Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1993.
  • Currie, D. P. “Separation of Powers in the Federal Republic of Germany.” American Journal of Comparative Law, Vol. 41, No. 2, 1993.
  • Ding, A. S. “The Debate on the Supervisory Powers of the People’s Congresses (1986–9).” Issues and Studies, Vol. 28, No. 5, 1992.
  • Ebeku, K. S. A. “The Separation of Powers in Local Government in Nigeria.” Journal of African Law, Vol. 36, No. 1, spring 1992.
  • Pokstefl, Josef. The Revival of the Theory of Division and Supervision of Power During the Prague Spring. Frankfurt, 1980.
  • Resnick, Philip. “Montesquieu Revisited, or the Mixed Constitution and the Separation of Powers in Canada.” Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 20, March 1987.
  • Stark, A. “Public Sector Conflict of Interest at the Federal Level in Canada and the United States—Differences of Understanding and Approach.” Public Administration Review, Vol. 52, No. 5, 1992.
  • Tate, C. N. “The Judicialization of Politics in the Philippines and Southeast Asia.” International Political Science Review, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1994.
  • Winterton, George. Parliament, the Executive, and the Governor-General. Carlton, Victoria, 1983.
  • Zafrullah, H. M. Sri Lanka’s Hybrid Presidential Parliamentary System and the Separation of Powers Doctrine. Kuala Lumpur, 1981.

17. Political Theory and the Separation of Powers

  • Almond, G. A., and James Coleman, eds. The Politics of the Developing Areas. Princeton, N.J., 1960.
  • Ball, Terence, and J. G. A. Pocock. Conceptual Change and the Constitution. London, 1988.
  • Bellamy, Richard. “‘Dethroning Politics’: Liberalism, Constitutionalism and Democracy in the Thought of F. A. Hayek.” British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 24, No. 4, 1994.
  • Dahl, Robert A. A Preface to Democratic Theory. Chicago, 1956.
  • Dry, Murray. “The Separation of Powers and Representative Government.” The Political Science Reviewer, Vol. III, fall 1973.
  • Dunn, John. “The Identity of the History of Ideas.” In Political Obligation in Its Historical Context: Essays in Political Theory. Cambridge, 1980.
  • Fisher, Louis. “The Efficiency Side of the Separation of Powers.” American Studies, Vol. 5, August 1971.
  • Hayek, F. A. “The Constitution of a Liberal State.” Il Politico, Vol. XXXII, 1967.
  • ———. Law, Legislation and Liberty. London, 1982.
  • Pargellis, Stanley M. “The Theory of Balanced Government.” In The Constitution Reconsidered, edited by Conyers Read. New York, 1938.
  • Roelofs, H. Mark. “The American Polity: A Systematic Ambiguity.” The Review of Politics, Vol. 48, summer 1986.
  • Skinner, Quentin. “Meaning and Understanding in the History of Ideas.” History and Theory, Vol. VIII, No. 1, 1969.
  • Sorenson, L. R. “Madison on Sympathy, Virtue, and Ambition in the Federalist Papers.” Polity, Vol. 27, No. 3, 1995.
  • Wilson, Francis G. “The Mixed Constitution and the Separation of Powers.” Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, Vol. XV, June 1934.