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VIII.: CARTA DE FORESTA.1 (6 november, 1217.) - William Sharp McKechnie, Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John, with an Historical Introduction [1215]

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Magna Carta: A Commentary on the Great Charter of King John, with an Historical Introduction, by William Sharp McKechnie (Glasgow: Maclehose, 1914).

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VIII.

CARTA DE FORESTA.1 (6 november, 1217.)

Henricus Dei gratia rex Anglie, dominus Hibernie, dux Normannie, Aquitanie et comes Andegavie, archiepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus, prioribus, comitibus, baronibus, justiciariis, forestariis, vicecomitibus, prepositis, ministris, et omnibus ballivis et fidelibus suis, salutem. Sciatis quod, intuitu Dei et pro salute anime nostre et animarum antecessorum et successorum nostrorum, ad exaltacionem Sancte Ecclesie et emendacionem regni nostri, concessimus et hac presenti carta confirmavimus pro nobis et heredibus nostris in perpetuum, de consilio venerabilis patris nostri domini Gualonis tituli sancti Martini presbiteri cardinalis et apostolice sedis legati, domini Walteri Eboracensis archiepiscopi, Willelmi Londoniensis episcopi, et aliorum episcoporum Anglie, et Willelmi Marescalli comitis Penbrocie, rectoris nostri et regni nostri, et aliorum fidelium comitum et baronum nostrorum Anglie, has libertates subscriptas tenendas in regno nostro Anglie, in perpetuum:

1. In primis omnes foreste quas Henricus rex avus noster afforestavit videantur per bonos et legales homines; et, si boscum aliquem alium quam suum dominicum afforestaverit ad dampnum illius cujus boscus fuerit, deafforestentur. Et si boscum suum proprium afforestaverit, remaneat foresta, salva communa de herbagio et aliis in eadem foresta, illis qui eam prius habere consueverunt.

2. Homines qui manent extra forestam non veniant decetero coram justiciariis nostris de foresta per communes summoniciones, nisi sint in placito, vel plegii alicujus vel aliquorum qui attachiati sunt propter forestam.

3. Omnes autem bosci qui fuerunt afforestati per regem Ricardum avunculum nostrum, vel per regem Johannem patrem nostrum usque ad primam coronacionem nostram, statim deafforestentur, nisi fuerit dominicus boscus noster.

4. Archiepiscopi, episcopi, abbates, priores, comites et barones et milites et libere tenentes, qui boscos suos habent in forestis, habeant boscos suos sicut eos habuerunt tempore prime coronacionis predicti regis Henrici avi nostri, ita quod quieti sint in perpetuum de omnibus purpresturis, vastis et assartis factis in illis boscis, post illud tempus usque ad principium secundi anni coronacionis nostre. Et qui de cetero vastum, purpresturam, vel assartum sine licencia nostra in illis fecerint, de vastis et assartis respondeant.

5. Reguardores nostri eant per forestas ad faciendum reguardum sicut fieri consuevit tempore prime coronacionis predicti regis Henrici avi nostri, et non aliter.

6. Inquisicio, vel visus de expeditacione canum existencium in foresta, decetero fiat quando debet fieri reguardum, scilicet de tercio anno in tercium annum; et tunc fiat per visum et testimonium legalium hominum et non aliter. Et ille, cujus canis inventus fuerit tunc non expeditatus, det pro misericordia tres solidos; et de cetero nullus bos capiatur pro expeditacione. Talis autem sit expeditacio per assisam communiter quod tres ortilli abscidantur sine pelota de pede anteriori; nec expeditentur canes de cetero, nisi in locis ubi consueverunt expeditari tempore prime coronacionis regis Henrici avi nostri.

7. Nullus forestarius vel bedellus decetero faciat scotale, vel colligat garbas, vel avenam, vel bladum aliud, vel agnos, vel porcellos, nec aliquam collectam faciant; et per visum et sacramentum duodecim reguardorum quando facient reguardum, tot forestarii ponantur ad forestas custodiendas, quot ad illas custodiendas rationabiliter viderint sufficere.

8. Nullum suanimotum de cetero teneatur in regno nostro nisi ter in anno; videlicet in principio quindecim dierum ante festum Sancti Michaelis, quando agistatores conveniunt ad agistandum dominicos boscos nostros; et circa festum Sancti Martini quando agistatores nostri debent recipere pannagium nostrum; et ad ista duo suanimota conveniant forestarii, viridarii, et agistatores, et nullus alius per districtionem; et tercium suanimotum teneatur in inicio quindecim dierum ante festum Sancti Johannis Baptiste, pro feonacione bestiarum nostrarum; et ad istud suanimotum tenendum convenient forestarii et viridarii et nulli alii per districtionem. Et preterea singulis quadraginta diebus per totum annum conveniant viridarii et forestarii ad videndum attachiamenta de foresta, tam de viridi, quam de venacione, per presentacionem ipsorum forestariorum, et coram ipsis attachiatis. Predicta autem suanimota non teneantur nisi in comitatibus in quibus teneri consueverunt.

9. Unusquisque liber homo agistet boscum suum in foresta pro voluntate sua et habeat pannagium suum. Concedimus eciam quod unusquisque liber homo possit ducere porcos suos per dominicum boscum nostrum, libere et sine inpedimento, ad agistandum eos in boscis suis propriis, vel alibi ubi voluerit. Et si porci alicujus liberi hominis una nocte pernoctaverint in foresta nostra, non inde occasionetur ita quod aliquid de suo perdat.

10. Nullus de cetero amittat vitam vel menbra pro venacione nostra; set, si aliquis captus fuerit et convictus de capcione venacionis, graviter redimatur, si habeat unde redimi possit; et si non habeat unde redimi possit, jaceat in prisona nostra per unum annum et unum diem; et, si post unum annum et unum diem plegios invenire possit, exeat a prisona; sin autem, abjuret regnum Anglie.

11. Quicunque archiepiscopus, episcopus, comes vel baro transierit per forestam nostram, liceat ei capere unam vel duas bestias per visum forestarii, si presens fuerit; sin autem, faciat cornari, ne videatur furtive hoc facere.

12. Unusquisque liber homo decetero sine occasione faciat in bosco suo, vel in terra sua quam habeat in foresta, molendinum, vivarium, stagnum, marleram, fossatum, vel terram arabilem extra cooperatum in terra arabili, ita quod non sit ad nocumentum alicujus vicini.

13. Unusquisque liber homo habeat in boscis suis aereas, ancipitrum et spervariorum et falconum, aquilarum, et de heyrinis et habeat similiter mel quod inventum fuerit in boscis suis.

14. Nullus forestarius de cetero, qui non sit forestarius de feudo reddens nobis firmam pro balliva sua, capiat chiminagium aliquod in balliva sua; forestarius autem de feudo firmam nobis reddens pro balliva sua capiat chiminagium, videlicet pro careta per dimidium annum duos denarios, et pro equo qui portat sumagium per dimidium annum unum obolum, et per alium dimidium annum obolum, et non nisi de illis qui de extra ballivam suam, tanquam mercatores, veniunt per licenciam suam in ballivam suam ad buscam, meremium, corticem vel carbonem emendum, et alias ducendum ad vendendum ubi voluerint: et de nulla alia careta vel sumagio aliquod chimunagium capiatur: et non capiatur chiminagium nisi in locis illis ubi antiquitus capi solebat et debuit. Illi autem qui portant super dorsum suum buscam, corticem, vel carbonem, ad vendendum, quamvis inde vivant, nullum de cetero dent chiminagium. De boscis autem aliorum nullum detur chiminagium foristariis nostris, preterquam de dominicis bocis nostris.

15. Omnes utlagati pro foresta tantum a tempore regis Henrici avi nostri usque ad primam coronacionem nostram, veniant ad pacem nostram sine inpedimento, et salvos plegios inveniant quod de cetero non forisfaciant nobis de foresta nostra.

16. Nullus castellanus vel alius teneat placita de foresta sive viridi sive de venacione, sed quilibet forestarius de feudo attachiet placita de foresta tam de viridi quam de venacione, et ea presentet viridariis provinciarum et cum irrotulata fuerint et sub sigillis viridariorum inclusa, presententur capitali forestario cum in partes illas venerit ad tenendum placita foreste, et coram eo terminentur.

17. Has autem libertates de forestis concessimus omnibus, salvis archiepiscopis, episcopis, abbatibus, prioribus, comitibus, baronibus, militibus et aliis tam personis ecclesiasticis quam secularibus, Templariis et Hospitalariis, libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus in forestis et extra, in warennis et aliis, quas prius habuerunt. Omnes autem istas consuetudines predictas et libertates, quas concessimus in regno nostro tenendas quantum ad nos pertinet erga nostros, omnes de regno nostro tam clerici quam laici observent quantum ad se pertinet erga suos. Quia vero sigillum nondum habuimus, presentem cartam sigillis venerabilis patris nostri domini Gualonis tituli Sancti Martini presbiteri cardinalis, apostolice sedis legati, et Willelmi Marescalli comitis Penbrok, rectoris nostri et regni nostri, fecimus sigillari. Testibus prenominatis et aliis multis. Datum per manus predictorum domini legati et Willelmi Marescalli apud Sanctum Paulum London., sexto die Novembris, anno regni nostri secundo.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY AND LIST OF AUTHORITIES REFERRED TO.

I.

COMMENTARIES AND OTHER WORKS ON MAGNA CARTA (CHRONOLOGICALLY ARRANGED).

  • The Mirror of Justices, edited by Whittaker, W. J. (Selden Society); 1895.
  • Coke, Sir Edward, Second Institute, 1641; 17th edition, 1817.
  • Cooke, Edward, Magna Charta made in the ninth year of King Henry III. and confirmed by King Edward I. in the twentieth year of his reign; 1684.
  • Blackstone, Sir William, The Great Charter and Charter of the Forest, to which is prefixed the History of the Charters; 1759.
  • Barrington, Daines, Observations upon the Statutes from Magna Charta to 21 James I.; 1766.
  • Sullivan, F. S., An Historical Treatise on the Feudal Law, with a Commentary on Magna Charta; 1772.
  • Thomson, Richard, An Historical Essay on the Magna Charta of King John; 1829.
  • Lau, Thaddaeus, Die Entstehungsgeschichte der Magna Charta; 1856.
  • Bémont, Charles, Chartes des Libertés Anglaises; 1892.
  • Hantos, Elemér, The Magna Carta of the English and of the Hungarian Constitution; 1904.

II.

CHRONICLES AND ANNALS.

  • Annals of Dunstable, edited by H. R. Luard (Rolls Series); 1866.
  • Annals of Waverley, edited by H. R. Luard (Rolls Series); 1865.
  • Benedict Abbot, Gesta Regis Henrici Secundi, edited by William Stubbs (Rolls Series); 1867.
  • Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal, edited by Paul Meyer; 1891.
  • Histoire des ducs de Normandie et des rois d’Angleterre, edited by F. Michel; 1840.
  • Jocelyn of Brakelond, Chronica de rebus gestis Samsonis Abbatis Monasterii Sancti Edmundi, edited by J. G. Rokewode (Camden Society); 1840.
  • Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, edited by H. R. Luard (Rolls Series); 1872.
  • Memorials of St. Dunstan, edited by William Stubbs (Rolls Series); 1874.
  • Ralph of Coggeshall, Chronicon Anglicanum, edited by Joseph Stevenson (Rolls Series); 1875.
  • Roger of Hoveden, Chronica, edited by William Stubbs (Rolls Series); 1868–1871.
  • Roger of Wendover, Chronica sive Flores Historiarum, edited by H. O. Coxe (Eng. Hist. Society); 1841.
  • Walter of Coventry, Memoriale, edited by William Stubbs (Rolls Series); 1872.
  • Walter of Hemingburgh, Chronicon de Gestis Regum Angliae, edited by H. C. Hamilton (Eng. Hist. Society); 1848–9.
  • William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, edited by William Stubbs (Rolls Series); 1887–9.

III.

COLLECTIONS OF STATUTES, CHARTERS, AND TREATIES.

  • Statutes of the Realm (Record Commission); 1810–28.
  • Statutes at Large.
  • Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen, edited by F. Liebermann; 1898–1912.
  • Acts of the Parliament of Scotland from 1124 to 1707, edited by Thomas Thomson and Cosmo Innes; 1814–75.
  • Rotuli Litterarum Clausarum in Turri Londinensi Asservata, edited by Thomas Duffus Hardy (Record Commission); 1833.
  • Rotuli Litterarum Patentum in Turri Londinensi Asservata, edited by T. D. Hardy (Record Commission); 1835.
  • Rotuli Chartarum in Turri Londinensi Asservata, edited by T. D. Hardy (Record Commission); 1837.
  • Rotuli de Oblatis et Finibus, edited by T. D. Hardy (Record Commission); 1835–6.
  • Rotuli Parliamentorum; 1832.
  • Rotuli Hundredorum (Record Commission); 1812–18.
  • Testa de Neville sive Liber Feodorum (Record Commission); 1807.
  • The Red Book of the Exchequer, edited by Hubert Hall (Rolls Series); 1896.
  • Munimenta Gildhallae Londoniensis: Liber Albus, Liber Custumarum et Liber Horn, edited by H. T. Riley (Rolls Series); 1859–62.
  • Rymer, Thomas, Foedera, Conventiones, Litterae, et cujuscunque generis acta publica; 4th edition (Record Commission); 1816–69 (referred to throughout as “New Rymer”).
  • Ancient Charters, Royal and Private, edited by J. H. Round (Pipe Roll Society, vol. 10); 1888.
  • D’Achery, J. L., Vetorum Scriptorum Spicilegium; 1655–77.
  • Hemingi Chartularum Ecclesiae Wigornensis, edited by Thomas Hearne; 1723.
  • Potthast, A., Regesta Pontificum Romanorum; 1874–5.
  • Teulet, Alexandre, Layettes du Trésor des Chartes; 1863–1902.
  • Stubbs, William, Select Charters and other Illustrations of English Constitutional History; 7th edition, 1890.
  • Prothero, G. W., Select Statutes and other Constitutional Documents illustrative of the reigns of Elizabeth and James I.; 1894.
  • Gardiner, S. R., The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution; 1889.
  • Birch, W. de G., Historical Charters and Constitutional Documents of the City of London; 1887.

IV.

COLLECTIONS OF PLEAS, TRIALS, AND OTHER RECORD EVIDENCE.

  • Placitorum Abbreviatio, Richard I. to Edward II. (Record Commission); 1811.
  • Bigelow, M. M., Placita Anglo–Normannica; 1879.
  • Bracton’s Note Book: a Collection of Cases, edited by F. W. Maitland; 1887.
  • Howell, T. B and T. J., Complete Collection of State Trials; 1809–28 (referred to as “State Trials”).
  • Pleas of the Crown for the County of Gloucester, edited by F. W. Maitland; 1884.
  • Select Pleas of the Crown, edited by F. W. Maitland (Selden Society); 1888.
  • Select Pleas in Manorial and other Seignorial Courts, edited by F. W. Maitland (Selden Society); 1889.
  • Select Pleas of the Forest, edited by G. J. Turner (Selden Society); 1901.
  • Select Pleas, Starrs, and other Records from the Rolls of the Exchequer of the Jews, edited by J. M. Rigg (Selden Society); 1902.
  • Year Books of the Reign of Edward I., edited by A. J. Horwood and L. O. Pike (Rolls Series); 1863–1901.
  • Year Books of Edward II., 1307–1309, edited by F. W. Maitland (Selden Society); 1903.
  • Great Roll of the Pipe for the Twelfth Year of Henry II. (Pipe Roll Society, vol. 9); 1888.
  • Madox, Thomas, History and Antiquities of the Exchequer of the Kings of England; 2nd edition, 1769 (referred to throughout as “Madox”).
  • Madox, Thomas, Firma Burgi; 1726.
  • Madox, Thomas, Baronia Anglica; 1741.

V.

LEGAL TREATISES—MEDIEVAL.

  • Glanvill, Ranulf, Tractatus de Legibus et Consuetudinibus Regni Angliae.
  • Richard, son of Nigel, De necessariis Observantibus Scaccarii Dialogus (commonly called Dialogus de Scaccario), edited by A. Hughes, C. G. Crump, and C. Johnson; 1902.
  • Bracton, Henry de, De legibus et consuetudinibus Angliae, edited by Sir Travers Twiss (Rolls Series); 1878–83.
  • Fleta, Commentarius Juris Anglicani; edition of 1647.
  • Littleton, Thomas, Treatise of Tenures; edition of 1841.

VI.

LEGAL TREATISES—MODERN.

  • Anson, Sir W. R., The Law and Custom of the Constitution; 2nd edition, 1892.
  • Blackstone, Sir William, Commentaries on the Laws of England; edition of 1826.
  • Coke, Sir Edward, Institutes of the Laws of England; 17th edition, 1817. (The First Institute is generally referred to as “Coke on Littleton.”)
  • Encyclopaedia of the Laws of England, edited by A. W. Renton; 1897–8.
  • Hale, Sir Matthew, Historia Placitorum Coronae; 1736.
  • Jenks, Edward, Modern Land Law; 1899.
  • Manwood, John, A Treatise and Discourse of the Laws of the Forest; 1598.
  • Stephen, H. J., Commentaries on the Laws of England; 13th edition, 1899.
  • Thayer, J. B., A Preliminary Treatise on Evidence at the Common Law; 1898.

VII.

LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORIES.

  • Bigelow, M. M., History of Procedure in England; 1880.
  • Brunner, Heinrich, Die Entstehung der Schwurgerichte; 1871.
  • Creasy, Edward, Progress of the English Constitution; 1874.
  • Gneist. Rudolf, The History of the English Constitution, translated by P. A. Ashworth; edition of 1891.
  • Gneist, Rudolf, The English Parliament in its Transformations through a Thousand Years, translated by A. H. Keane; 1887.
  • Holdsworth, W. S., A History of English Law, vol. 1; 1903.
  • Medley, D. J., A Student’s Manual of English Constitutional History; 2nd edition, 1898.
  • Moore, S. A. and H. S., The History and Law of Fisheries; 1903.
  • Pollock, Sir F., and Maitland, F. W., The History of English Law before the time of Edward I.; 1st edition, 1895 (referred to throughout as “Pollock and Maitland”).
  • Pike, L. O., A Constitutional History of the House of Lords, from original sources; 1894.
  • Reeves, John, History of English Law; 3rd edition, 1783–4.
  • Stephen, Sir J. F., A History of the Criminal Law in England; 1893.
  • Stubbs, William, The Constitutional History of England in its Origin and Development: (a) vol. 1, 6th edition, 1897; (b) vol. 2, 4th edition, 1894; (c) vol. 3, 5th edition, 1896.
  • Taswell–Langmead, T. P., English Constitutional History from the Teutonic Conquest to the Present Time; 5th edition, 1896.
  • Taylor, Hannis, The Origin and Growth of the English Constitution; 1898.

VIII.

GENERAL HISTORIES.

  • Brady, Robert, Complete History of England; 1685.
  • Care, Henry, English Liberties in the Freeborn Subjects’ Inheritance; 1719.
  • Green, J. R., A Short History of the English People; edition of 1875.
  • Henry, Robert, History of Great Britain; 6th edition, 1806.
  • Lingard, John, A History of England to 1688; 1819–30.
  • Mackintosh, James, History of England; edition of 1853.
  • Smith, Goldwin, The United Kingdom: a Political History; 1899.
  • Tyrrell, James, History of England, 1697–1704.

IX.

HISTORIES OF SPECIAL PERIODS.

  • Bateson, Mary, Mediaeval England (Story of the Nations Series); 1903.
  • Freeman, E. A., The Norman Conquest of England; 1870–9.
  • Freeman, E. A., The Reign of William Rufus; 1882.
  • Gardiner, S. R., History of England from the Accession of James I. to the Outbreak of the Civil War; 1883–4.
  • Hallam, Henry, View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages; 7th edition, 1837.
  • Kemble, J. M., Saxons in England; 1849.
  • Norgate, Kate, England under Angevin Kings; 1887.
  • Norgate, Kate, John Lackland; 1902.
  • Norgate, Kate, The Minority of Henry III.; 1912.
  • Pearson, Charles, A History of England during the Early and Middle Ages; 1867.
  • Petit–Dutaillis, Charles, Étude sur la vie et la règne de Louis VIII.; 1894.
  • Powicke, F. M., The Loss of Normandy; 1913.
  • Prothero, G. W., The Life of Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester; 1877.
  • Ramsay, Sir J. H., The Foundations of England; 1898.
  • Ramsay, Sir J. H., The Angevin Empire; 1903.

X.

MISCELLANEOUS.

  • Adams, G. B., The Origin of the English Constitution; 1912.
  • Brady, Robert, A Full and Clear Answer; 1683.
  • Boutmy, Émile, Études de Droit Constitutionnel; 1885.
  • Burke, Edmund, Works; edition of 1837.
  • Chadwick, H. Munro, Studies on Anglo–Saxon Institutions; 1905.
  • Dowell, Stephen, History of Taxation and Taxes in England; 1884.
  • Gross, Charles, Preface to Select Cases from the Coroners’ Rolls (Selden Society); 1896.
  • Hall, Hubert, History of the Customs Revenue in England; 1885.
  • Harcourt, L. W. V., His Grace the Steward and Trial of Peers; 1907.
  • Hearnshaw, F. J. C., Leet Jurisdiction in England; 1908.
  • Lapsley, G. T., The County Palatine of Durham; 1900.
  • Luard, H. R., Preface to vol. 2 of Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora (Rolls Series); 1872.
  • Luchaire, Achille, Communes Françaises; 1890.
  • Luffman, John, Charters of London; 1793.
  • Neilson, George, Trial by Combat; 1890.
  • Noorthouck, John, A New History of London; 1773.
  • Macy, J., The English Constitution; a Commentary on its nature and growth; 1897.
  • Maitland, F. W., Township and Borough; 1898.
  • Maitland, F. W., in Social England, edited by Henry Duff Trail, vol. 1; 1st edition, 1893.
  • Maitland, F. W., Preface to Select Pleas of the Crown (Selden Society); 1888.
  • Maitland, F. W., Preface to Select Pleas in Manorial and other Seignorial Courts (Selden Society); 1889.
  • Maitland, F. W., Preface to The Mirror of Justices (Selden Society); 1895.
  • Maitland, F. W., Collected Papers, 3 vols.; 1911.
  • Maitland, F. W., Equity; 1909.
  • Orpen, G. H., Ireland under the Normans; 1911.
  • Petit–Dutaillis, Charles, Studies and Notes Supplementary to Stubbs’ Constitutional History, translated by W. E. Rhodes; 1908.
  • Pollock, Sir F., Essays in Jurisprudence and Ethics; 1894.
  • Poole, R. L., The Exchequer in the Twelfth Century; 1912.
  • Rigg, J. M., Preface to Select Pleas, Starrs, and other Records from the Rolls of the Exchequer of the Jews (Selden Society); 1902.
  • Rössler, Oskar, Kaiserin Mathilde und das Zeitalter der Anarchie in England; 1897.
  • Round, J. H., editorial notes to Ancient Charters, Royal and Private (Pipe Roll Society, vol. 10); 1888.
  • Round, J. H., Geoffrey de Mandeville: a Study of the Anarchy; 1892.
  • Round, J. H., Feudal England: Historical Studies of the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries; 1895.
  • Round, J. H., The Commune of London and other Studies; 1899.
  • Round, J. H., Peerage and Pedigree; 1910.
  • Round, J. H., The Kings’ Serjeants and Officers of State; 1911.
  • Seebohm, Frederic, The English Village Community: an Essay on Economic History; 1883.
  • Stubbs, William, Preface to Walter of Coventry, Memoriale (Rolls Series); 1972.
  • Turner, G. J., Preface to Select Pleas of the Forest (Selden Society); 1901.
  • Vinogradoff, Paul, Villainage in England: Essays in English Mediaeval History; 1892.
  • Vinogradoff, Paul, The Growth of the Manor; 1905.
  • Vinogradoff, Paul, English Society in the Eleventh Century; 1908.

XI.

REPORTS, BIBLIOGRAPHIES, AND DICTIONARIES.

  • Reports from the Lords’ Committee appointed to search the Journals of the House, Rolls of Parliament, and other Records for all matters touching the Dignity of a Peer; 1st Report, 1820.
  • Reports from the Select Committee appointed to inquire into the state of the Public Records of the Kingdom (Record Commission); 1900.
  • Report on Manuscripts in Various Collections (Historical Manuscripts Commission); 1901.
  • Gross, Charles, The Sources and Literature of English History; 1900.
  • Watt, Robert, Bibliotheca Britannica; 1824.
  • Lowndes, W. T., The Bibliographer’s Manual of English Literature; 1857–64.
  • Dictionary of National Biography, edited by Leslie Stephen and Sidney Lee; 1885–1900.

glasgow: printed at the university press by robert maclehose and co. ltd.

[1 ]See supra, pp. 146–7. The text is taken from the Statutes of the Realm, I. 20–21. Bémont, Chartes, 64 ff., gives in footnotes the variants in the reissue of 1225.