The Online Library of Liberty

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• Volume III: Oath - Zollverein
• O
• Oath
• Oath of Allegiance
• Occupation
• Oceanica
• Ochlocracy.
• O'conor, Charles
• Office-holders, Danger of an Aristocracy of
• Ohio
• Oligarchy
• Olmstead Case. (see Pennsylvania.)
• Omnibus Bill. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Opinion. (see Public Opinion.)
• Opposition
• Order of the Day. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Orders In Council. (see Embargo, In U. S. History.)
• Orders, Religious . (see Congregations.)
• Ordinance of 1787
• Oregon
• Oriental Question
• Ostend Manifesto
• Outlawry
• Outlet
• Over-production
• P
• Pacific Railroad. (see Internal Improvements, Railroads.)
• Paper Money.
• Paraguay (republic Of).
• Parasites, Social
• Pardon.
• Paris Monetary Conference
• Parley.
• Parliament, the British
• Parliamentary Law.
• Participation In Profits.
• Parties, Political
• Party Government In the United States.
• Party Names In U. S. History. (see American Party, Anti-federal Party, Anti-masonic Party)
• Patent Office
• Patents, and the Patent System.
• Patronage
• Patrons of Husbandry. (see Grangers.)
• Pauperism
• Peace.
• Peace Congress. (see Conference, Peace.)
• Pendleton, George H.
• Penitentiary Systems. (see Prisons and Prison Discipline.)
• Pennsylvania
• Penny Banks. (see Banks, History and Management of Savings.)
• Pensions. (see United States Pension Laws, and the Pension Laws of Other Countries.)
• Persia.
• Personal Liberty Laws
• Personal Union
• Peru
• Petition
• Petition, Right of
• Philosophy of Law
• Physiocrates.
• Pickering, Timothy
• Pierce, Franklin
• Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth
• Pinckney, Thomas
• Piracy
• Plenty and Dearth.
• Poland
• Police
• Police Power of a State
• Political Arithmetic. (see Arithmetic, Political.)
• Political Assessments. (see Assessments, Political.)
• Political Economy.
• Political Economy, History of
• Political Science
• Politics, Nature and Character of
• Polk, James Knox
• Poll Tax
• Popular Sovereignty
• Population.
• Portugal.
• Postoffice
• Postoffice Department
• Postoffice Savings Banks. (see Banks, History and Management of Savings.)
• Powers of Congress. (see Congress, Powers Of.)
• President. (see Executive.)
• President Pro Tem. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Press, the Newspaper and Periodical
• Previous Question. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Prices
• Primary Elections.
• Priority of Debts Due to the United States and to the States
• Prisoners of War
• Prisons and Prison Discipline
• Private Bills. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Private Calendar. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Privateering
• Privilege. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Prizes, Maritime
• Production of Wealth
• Products On Paper
• Profits
• Prohibition
• Promotion
• Property
• Property, Landed . (see Rent.)
• Property, Literary
• Proportional Representation
• Protection. Restrictions Upon Freedom of Exchange
• Protection In the United States.
• Protestantism. (see Churches, Protestant.)
• Prussia
• Public Debts. (see Debts, National, State and Local.)
• Public Lands of the United States
• Public Lands, Office of
• Public Opinion
• Public Policy
• Public Revenues. (see Revenues, Public.)
• Q
• Quarantine
• Quids
• R
• Races of Mankind
• Radicalism
• Railways, History and Political Economy of
• Railways, Legislation Concerning, and Management Of, In the United States
• Railway Clearing House. (see Clearing, and Clearing Houses.)
• Randolph, John
• Rebellion
• Rebellion, the (in U. S. History)
• Reciprocity
• Recognition
• Reconstruction
• Refuge, Right of . (see Asylum.)
• Refunding of the Public Debt of the United States
• Reichsrath
• Reichstag
• Removal of Deposits. (see Deposits, Removal Of.)
• Removals From Office
• Rent
• Representation
• Representative Democracy. (see Democracy, Representative.)
• Republic.
• Republican Party
• Repudiation.
• Resignation.
• Restrictive System. (see Embargo, In U. S. History.)
• Returning Boards
• Revenue
• Revolution.
• Revolution, the
• Rhode Island
• Ricardo, David
• Riders
• Right of Inheritance. (see Inheritance.)
• Right of Petition. (see Petition, Right Of.)
• Riu Kiu.
• River and Harbor Bills. (see Internal Improvements.)
• Roads. (see Transportation, Means Of.)
• Roads and Canals. (see Internal Improvements.)
• Rohmer's Doctrine of Parties. (see Parties, Political.)
• Roman Catholic Church.
• Rotation In Office. (see Civil Service Reform.)
• Rules. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Rush, Richard
• Russia
• S
• Saint-simonism. (see Socialism.)
• Salary Grab
• San Domingo
• Sandwich Islands
• Sanitary System
• Savings
• Savings Banks. (see Banks, History and Management of Savings.)
• Saxony
• Schools. (see Education and the State)
• Schurz, Carl
• Science. (see Social Science.)
• Scotland
• Scott, Winfield
• Scratching
• Search, Right of
• Secession
• Sedition Laws. (see Alien and Sedition Laws.)
• Seminole War. (see Slavery, II.)
• Senate
• Sergeant-at-arms. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Sergeant, John
• Servia, Principality of
• Sessions of Congress. (see Congress, Sessions Of.)
• Seward, William H.
• Seymour, Horatio
• Shay's Rebellion. (see Confederation, Articles Of.)
• Sherman, John
• ShimonosÉki Indemnity
• Shinto
• Siam
• Silver
• Silver Bill. (see Hayes, R. B.)
• Sinking Fund
• Sintooism. (see Shinto)
• Slavery
• Smith, Adam
• Smuggling
• Socialism and Socialists
• Social Contract
• Social Science
• Society
• South Carolina
• Southern Confederacy. (see Confederate States.)
• Sovereignty
• Sovereignty (in U. S. History). (see Popular Sovereignty.)
• Spain
• Speaker. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Speakers. (see Congress, Sessions Of.)
• Speculation
• Spoils System
• Squatter Sovereignty. (see Popular Sovereignty)
• Stamp Act Congress
• Standing Armies. (see Armies.)
• Standing Orders. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Stanton, Edwin M .
• State, Department of
• State Rights. (see State Sovereignty, II.)
• State Sovereignty
• State, the
• States, Constitutional and Legal Diversities In
• Statistics
• Stephens, Alexander H.
• Stevens,thaddeus
• Stock Exchange Clearing House. (see Clearing, and Clearing Houses.)
• Stock Jobbing. (see Agiotage.)
• Story, Joseph
• Strict Construction. (see Construction.)
• Strikes and Lockouts
• Subsidies.
• Sub-treasury. (see Independent Treasury.)
• Suffrage
• Sumner, Charles
• Sumptuary Laws. (see Laws, Sumptuary.)
• Supply. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Supreme Court. (see Judiciary.)
• Sweden.
• Switzerland
• T
• Table. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Tammany Hall
• Taney, Roger Brooke
• Tariffs of the United States.
• Tartar, Tartary
• Ta-tsing (great Pure)
• Tauism (tao-ism, To;, Or Doctrine of Lao-tse).
• Taxation, Principles of
• Taxation, National and Local. (see Revenue, Public; Taxation.)
• Taylor, Zachary
• Telegraph
• Tellers. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Temperance Movement In the United States. (see Prohibition, Police.)
• Ten-hour Law
• Tennessee
• Term and Tenure of Office
• Territorial Waters
• Territories
• Texas
• Third Estate
• Tie. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Tilden, Samuel Jones
• Times-spirit, the . (see Zeitgeist.)
• Tompkins, Daniel D.
• Ton-kin. (see Tonquin.)
• Tonquin (tong-king Or Tun-kin).
• Transportation, Means of
• Treason
• Treasury Department.
• Treaties.
• Treaties, Fishery.
• Treaties of the United States
• Trent Affair
• Tungusic Races. (see Tartar.)
• Turkey.
• Tyler, John
• U
• Union, the (in U. S. History),
• Union Party. (see Republican Party.)
• United States Notes.
• United States Notes. Legal-tender Cases—decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States.
• United States of America
• United States of Colombia. (see New Grenada.)
• United States Pension Laws and the Pension Laws of Other Countries
• United States Surplus Money
• Universal Suffrage. (see Suffrage.)
• Universities
• Usury
• Utah
• Utility
• Utopia
• V
• Value
• Van Buren, Martin
• Vermont
• Veto
• Vice-president. (see Executive, V.; Electors, Senate; Administrations.)
• Virginia
• Virginia Resolutions. (see Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.)
• W
• Wage Fund, the
• Wages
• "waltham System,"
• Wants.
• War. (see Declaration of War, Belligerents, Exchange of Prisoners.)
• War, the Civil. (see Rebellion, The, In U. S. History.)
• War Department.
• Wars (in U. S. History).
• Washington City. (see Capital, National.)
• Washington, George
• Washington Territory
• Ways and Means. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Wealth.
• Webster, Daniel
• Weights and Measures.
• West Virginia
• Wheeler, William A.
• Whig Party
• Whisky Insurrection
• Whisky Ring
• White, Hugh Lawson
• White League. (see Ku-klux Klan.)
• Wilmot Proviso
• Wilson, Henry
• Wirt, William
• Wisconsin
• Woman Suffrage. (see Suffrage.)
• Wright, Silas
• Wyoming
• Wyoming Territory
• X
• X Y Z Mission
• Y
• Yazoo Frauds
• Yeas and Nays. (see Parliamentary Law.)
• Z
• Zeitgeist.
• Zollverein.
• Lists of Writers
• The Following Is a List of the Subjects Treated By American Writers:

LISTS OF WRITERS

Among the Writers of the Articles in the First and Second Volumes are the following:

EDWARD ATKINSON, the distinguished Publicist, Boston, Mass.

BARTHÉLMY SAINT-HILAIRE, Member of the Institute of France.

FRÉDÉRIC BASTIAT, the famous French Economist.

HENRY BAUDRILLART, Member of the Institute of France, contributor to the Dictionnaire Général de la Politique.

MAURICE BLOCK, Statistician, Political Economist and Publicist; Editor of the Dictionnaire Général de la Politique, Paris.

J. C. BLUNTSCHLI, Professor at the University of Heidelberg, the celebrated writer on International Law; one of the Editors of Bluntschli and Brater's Staatswörterbuch.

GEROLAMO BOCCARDO, Editor of the Dizionario Universale di Economia Politicae Commercio, Italy.

JACQUES DE BOISJOSLIN, Paris, France.

ALBERT S. BOLLES, Author of the "History of American Finance."

GASTON DE BOURGE, Advocate, Paris.

HORATIO BURCHARD, Director of the Mint, Washington, D. C.

EDWARD CARY, Editor of the "New York Times."

E. CAUCRY, Member of the Institute of France.

EMILE CHÉDIEU. Advocate.

A. E. CHERBULIEZ, Swiss Political Economist, contributor to the Dictionnaire de l'Economie Politique.

JOHN W. CLAMPITT, Attorney at Law, Illinois.

AMBROISE CLÉMENT, the distinguished French Economist.

ROYER-COLLARD, Professor, of the Faculté de Droit, Paris.

Hon. THOMAS M. COOLEY, Author of "Constitutional Limitations," etc., etc.; Judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan.

CHARLES COQUELIN, one of the Editors of the Dictionnaire de l'Economie Politique.

COURCELLE-SENEUIL, Paris, France.

BANCHOFT DAVIS, Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.

DELABARRE-DUPARCQ, Director at the Military School of Saint-Cyr.

JULES DUVAL, Publicist.

CL. DUVERNOIS, French Ex-Mïnister.

Hon. DORMAN B. EATON, Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, New York.

Hon. MAX. EBERILARDT, Attorney, Chicago.

LÉON FAUCHER, Member of the Institute of France.

HENRY FAWCETT, M. P., Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge; at present Postmaster General of Great Britain.

GASPAR FINALI, Ex-Minister, Italy.

JOHN FISKE, the well-known Essayist and Philosopher, Cambridge, Mass.

WORTHINGTON C. FORD, Esq., Brooklyn, N. Y.

L. FOUBERT, Chef de division, France.

JOSEPH GARNIER, Professor of Political Economy, Member of the Institute of France.

HENRY GEORGE, Author of "Progress and Poverty," New York.

LOUIS GOTTARD, Publicist.

GEORGE WALTON GREENE, Attorney and Counselor, New York.

JULES GRENIER, Publicist.

W. E. GRIFFIS, Author of the "Mikado's Empire," Schenectady, N. Y.

FAUSTIN HÉLIE, Member of the Institute of France.

XAVIER HEUSCHLING, Ministry of the Interior, Brussels.

J. E. HORN, Writer on Finance, Member of the Hungarian Parliament.

M. HUMANN, Advocate, France.

EDWARD S. ISHAM, Attorney and Counselor at Law, Chicago.

Prof. E. J. JAMES, Normal University, Normal, Illinois.

Judge JOHN A. JAMESON, Author of "The Constitutional Convention," Chicago.

ALEXANDER JOHNSTON, Author of "History of American Politics," Norwalk, Conn.

Hon. JOHN JAY KNOX, Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D. C.

CHAS. LAVOLLÉE, Ex Prefect, France.

T. E. CLIFFE LESLIE, the eminent English Political Economist, lately deceased. His last literary effort was the article, "History, Economic and Legal," written for this Cyclopædia a few weeks before his death.

HENRY D. LLOYD, Financial Editor of the "Chicago Tribune."

Judge JOHN LOWELL, Chestnut Hill, Mass.

J. R. M'CULLOCH, the English Economist.

M. DE MOLINARI, Editor of Journal des Débats, Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Cities and Towns; Civilization; Fashions; The International Association of Workingmen; Nations; Nobility; Protection

MICHEL NICOLAS, Professor, Montauban, France.

M. ORTOLAN, Lawyer, France.

ESQUIROU DE PARIEU, Member of the Institute of France.

JULES PAUTET, French Vice-Prefect

M. POEZL, Professor at the University of Munich.

R. P. PORTER, Special Agent (Tenth Census of the United States) for Statistics of Wealth, Debt, Taxation and Railroads, Washington, D. C.

M. RABUTAUX, Publicist.

R. W. RAYMOND, Esq., New York.

ERNEST RENAN, Member of the Institute of France.

LOUIS REYBAUD, Member of the Institute of France.

WILLIAM ROSCHER, the celebrated German Economist, founder of the Historical School of Political Economy, Leipzig.

M. ROTHE, Professor at Sorö, Denmark.

LÉON SAY, Economist.

JULES SIMON, Member of the French Academy.

E. MUNROE SMITH, Professor in Columbia College, New York.

A. R. SPOFFORD, Librarian of Congress, Washington, D. C.

SIMON STERNE, Lawyer, New York.

A. M. SULLIVAN, M. P., London, England.

HENRI THIERS. France.

JOHN P. TOWNSEND, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Bowery Savings Bank, New York.

J. D. WEEKS, Editor of the "Iron Age," Expert and Special Agent (Tenth Census United States) Wages in Manufacturing Industry. Washington, D. C.

Hon. D. A. WELLS, the eminent American Economist, Norwich, Conn.

HORACE WHITE, the well-known writer on Economic subjects, New York.

FREDERICK W. WHITRIDGE, Attorney, New York.

TALCOTT WILLIAMS, Editor "The Press," Philadelphia, Pa.

Hon. H. B. WITTON, Inspector of Canals, Hamilton, Ontario.

Prof. THEO. S. WOOLSEY, Yale College.

Among the Writers of the Articles in the Three Volumes, are the following:

EDWARD ATKINSON, Boston, Mass.

BARTHELEMY SAINT-HILAIRE, Member of the Institute of France.

FREDERICK BASTIAT, the famous French Economist. Spoliation by Law; Plenty and Dearth.

HENRI BAUDRILLART, Member of the Institute of France.

MAURICE BLOCK, Statistician, Political Economist and Publicist, Editor of the Dictionnaire Général de la Politique, Paris.

J. C. BLUNTSCHLI, one of the editors of Bluntschli 8 Brater's Staatswörterbuch.

GEROLAMO BOCCARDO, Editor of the Dizionario Universale di Economic Politica e di Commercio, Italy.

JACQUES DÉ BOISJOSLIN, Paris, France.

ALBERT S. BOLLES, Author of "History of American Finance," Philadelphia, Pa.

GASTON DE BOURGE, Advocate, Paris, France.

R. R. BOWKER, New York.

T. T. BRYCE, New Haven, Conn.

HORATIO BURCHARD, Director of the Mint, Washington, D. C.

EDWARD CARY, New York.

E. CAUCHY, Member of the Institute of France.

EMILE CHEDIEU, Advocate, France.

A. E. CHERBULIEZ, Political Economist, contributor to the Dictionnaire de l'Economie Politique.

JOHN W. CLAMPITT, Counselor-at-Law, Chicago.

AMBROISE CLEMENT, the distinguished French Economist.

JAMES F. COLBY, Counselor-at-Law, New Haven, Conn.

ROYER-COLLARD, Professor of the Faculté de Droit, Paris.

EUSTACE CONWAY, Counselor-at-Law, New York.

THOS. M. COOLEY, Author of "Constitutional Limitations," etc., etc., Judge of the Supreme Court of Michigan.

CHAS. COQUELIN, one of the Editors of the Dictionnaire de l'Economie Politique, France.

C. COWLEY.

COURCELLE-SENEUIL, Paris, France.

E. H. CROSBY, Counselor-at-Law, New York.

J. C. BANCROFT DAVIS, Assistant Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.

DELABARRE-DUPARCQ, Director at the Military School of St. Cyr, France.

CHARLES DUNOYER, France.

JULES DUVAL, Publicist, France.

CL. DUVERNOIS, French Ex-Minister.

DORMAN B. EATON, Chairman of the Civil Service Commission, New York.

MAX. EBERHARDT, Counselor-at-Law, Chicago.

LEON, FAUCHER, Member of the Institute of France.

HENRY FAWCETT, M. P., Professor of Political Economy at the University of Cambridge; at present, Postmaster General of Great Britain.

GASPAR FINALI, Ex-Minister, Italy.

JOHN FISKE, Cambridge, Mass.

WORTHINGTON C. FORD, Brooklyn, N. Y.

L. FOUBERT, Chef de division, France.

JOSEPH GARNIER. Professor of Political Economy, Member of the Institute of France.

HENRY GEORGE, Author of "Progress and Poverty," New York.

D. C. GILMAN, President of Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.

E. L. GODKIN, Editor New York Nation.

G. BROWN GOODE, Smithsonian Institute, Washington, D. C.

LOUIS GOTTARD, Publicist, France.

GEORGE WALTON GREEN, Counselor-at-Law, New York.

JULES GRENTER, Publicist, France.

W. E. GRIFFIS, Author of "The Mikado's Empire," Schenectady, N. Y.

F. P. G. GUIZOT, France.

ARTHUR T. HADLEY, Instructor in Political Science, Yale College, New Haven, Conn.

J. B. HAMILTON, Surgeon General U. S. Marine Hospital, Washington, D. C.

FAUSTIN HÉLIE, Member of the Institute of France.

XAVIER HEUSCHLING, Minister of the Interior, Brussels, Belgium.

J. E. HORN, Writer on Finance, Member of the Hungarian Parliament.

FRANKLIN B. HOUGH, Washington, D. C.

EDWARD S. ISHAM, Counselor-at-Law, Chicago, III.

E. J. JAMES, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.

JOHN A. JAMESON, Author of "The Constitutional Convention," Chicago, III.

PAUL JANET, Member of the Institute of France.

ALEXANDER JOHNSTON, Professor of Jurisprudence, Princeton College, N. J.

JOHN JOHNSTON, Banker, Milwaukee, Wis.

JOHN J. KNOX, Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D. C.

GUSTAVE KOERNER, Ex-Governor of Illinois.

CHAS. LAVOLLÉE, Ex-Prefect, France.

LOUIS LECLERC, France.

A. LEGOYT, France.

T. E. CLIFFE LESLIE, the eminent English Political Economist.

HENRY D. LLOYD, Financial Editor of the Chicago Tribune.

E. L8Ouml;NING, Professor University Dorpat, Russia.

JOHN LOWELI, Chestnut Hill, Mass.

ALFRED BISHOP MASON, Counselor-at-Law, Chicago, III.

D. H. MASON, Chicago, III.

CHARLES DE MAZADE, France.

J. R. M'CULLOCH, the English Economist.

G. DE MOLINARI, Editor of the Journal des Débats, Corresponding Member of the Institute of France.

M. MONJEAN, France.

E. MONTEGUT, France.

MICHEL NICOLAS, Professor, Montauban, France.

S. N. D. NORTH, Utica, N. Y.

M. ORTOLAN, Lawyer, France.

A. OTT, France.

E. PAIGNON, France.

ESQUIROU DE PARIEU, Member of the Institute of France.

H. PASSY, France.

JULES PAUTET, French Vice-Prefect.

M. POEZL, Professor at the University of Munich.

FRED. POLLOCK, Cambridge University, England.

R. P. PORTER, Special Agent (Tenth Census U. S.) for Statistics of Wealth, Debt, Taxation and Railroads, Washington, D. C.

GEORGE HAVEN PUTNAM, New York.

M. RABUTAUX, Publicist, France.

R. W. RAYMOND, New York.

ERNEST RENAN, Member of the Institute of France.

LOUIS REYBAUD, Member of the Institute of France.

LEON DE ROSNY, France.

WM. ROSCHER, Professor of Political Economy at the University of Leipzig.

M. ROTHE, Professor at Sorö. Denmark.

F. B. SANBORN, Concord, Mass.

HORACE SAY, France.

J. B. SAY, France. Moral and Political Science; Nature of Things; Outlet.

LEON SAY, Economist, France.

L. SCHWARTZ, Germany.

JULES SIMON, Member of the French Academy.

EDMUND MUNROE SMITH. Professor in Columbia College. New York.

HAYDN SMITH. Chicago Times.

L. SMITH, London.

A. R. SPOFFORD, Librarian of Congress. Washington, D. C.

SIMON STERNE, Counselor-at-Law, New York.

M. STOESSEL, Switzerland.

A. M. SULLIVAN, M. P., London, England.

HENRI THIERS, France.

JOHN P. TOWNSEND, one of the Vice-Presidents of the Bowery Savings Bank, New York.

A. UBICINI, Italy.

FRANCIS A. WALKER, Mass. Institute of Technology, Boston, Mass.

J. D. WEEKS, Editor of the Iron Age, Expert and Special Agent (Tenth Census U. S.) for Wages in Manufacturing Industry, Pittsburg, Pa.

DAVID A. WELLS, the eminent American Economist, Norwich, Conn.

HORACE WHITE, New York.

FREDERICK W. WHITRIDGE, Counselor-at-Law, New York.

TALCOTT WILLIAMS, The Press, Philadelphia, Pa.

FRED. H. WINES, Springfield, Mass.

H. B. WITTON, Inspector of Canals, Hamilton, Ont.

L. WOLOWSKI, Paris, France.

THEO. S. WOOLSEY, Professor at Yale College.