The Online Library of Liberty

A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.

• Preface
• Part 1: Apprehensions
• The Anti-federalists
• Letters From the Federal Farmer, No. 7 31 December 1787
• “brutus,” Essay Ii 1 November 1787
• Amendments Recommended By the Several State Conventions
• Amendments Proposed By the Virginia Convention 27 June 1788
• Ratification of the State of New York 26 July 1788
• Federalist Concerns
• James Madison to George Washington New York, 11 August 1788
• Madison to Washington New York, 24 August 1788
• James Madison to Thomas Jefferson 21 September 1788
• Madison to Jefferson 8 December 1788
• The Bill of Rights
• Proceedings In the House of Representatives 8 June 1789
• Proceedings In the House of Representatives 13 August 1789
• Apprehensions Unallayed
• “pacificus” to James Madison
• Popular Instruction of Representatives 15 August 1789
• Titles
• Part 2: The Leadership Divides
• Funding and Assumption
• Alexander Hamilton the First Report On Public Credit 14 January 1790
• Debates In the House of Representatives On the First Report On Public Credit 9–18 February 1790
• Thomas Jefferson Memorandum On the Compromise of 1790
• Opposition Out of Doors
• Virginia’s Remonstrance Against the Assumption of State Debts 16 December 1790
• The Constitution and the National Bank
• Alexander Hamilton Notes On the Advantages of a National Bank 27 March 1791
• James Madison’s Speech On the Bank Bill 2 February 1791
• Thomas Jefferson Opinion On the Constitutionality of a National Bank 15 February 1791
• Alexander Hamilton Opinion On the Constitutionality of a National Bank 15 February 1791
• James Madison to Thomas Jefferson On Speculative Excess Summer 1791
• Commerce and Manufactures
• Thomas Jefferson Notes On the State of Virginia 1785
• Jefferson and Madison On Republican Political Economy
• James Madison Speech In the House of Representatives On Commercial Retaliation and Discrimination 25 April 1789
• Congressional Proceedings On Commercial Discrimination 1789
• Alexander Hamilton Report On the Subject of Manufactures 5 December 1791
• The Collision
• James Madison Essays For the National Gazette 1792
• William Branch Giles Speech In the House of Representatives On the Apportionment Bill 9 April 1792
• Letters of Fisher Ames to George Richards Minot 1791–1792
• Philip Freneau “rules For Changing a Limited Republican Government Into an Unlimited Hereditary One” 4 and 7 July 1792
• Alexander Hamilton to Edward Carrington 26 May 1792
• An Administration Divided
• James Madison Further Essays For the National Gazette
• Part III. The French Revolution and the People
• Neutrality
• “an Old French Soldier” (philadelphia) General Advertiser 27 August 1793
• Alexander Hamilton “pacificus,” No. 1 29 June 1793
• James Madison “helvidius,” No. 1 24 August 1793
• James Madison “helvidius,” No. 4 14 September 1793
• Commerce and Seizures
• William Loughton Smith Speech In the House of Representatives 13 January 1794
• James Madison Speech In the House of Representatives 14 January 1794
• James Madison “political Observations” 20 April 1795
• The Popular Societies, the Excise, and the Whiskey Rebellion
• The Democratic Society of Pennsylvania (philadelphia) Principles, Articles, and Regulations 30 May 1793
• Condemnations, Defenses, and Society Attacks On the Excise
• The Rebellion
• “self-created Societies”
• Alexander Hamilton the “camillus” Essays 22 July 1795–9 January 1796
• House Debates On Implementing Jay’s Treaty 1796
• Washington’s Farewell Address 19 September 1796
• Part 4: Liberty and Order
• The Black Cockade Fever
• Philadelphia, 1798
• Addresses to the President, With His Replies April–august 1798
• The Sedition Act 14 July 1798
• Popular Protest
• “advertisement Extraordinary!!!” (philadelphia) Aurora 14 July 1798
• The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
• Thomas Jefferson Draft of the Kentucky Resolutions October 1798
• James Madison the Virginia Resolutions 21 December 1798
• State Replies to the Resolutions
• Congressional Report Defending the Alien and Sedition Laws 21 February 1799
• James Madison the Report of 1800
• The Jeffersonian Program
• Thomas Jefferson the First Inaugural Address 4 March 1801
• Thomas Jefferson First Annual Message 8 December 1801
• The Jeffersonian Vision
• Letters of the President 1799–1802
• Edmund Pendleton “the Danger Not Over” 5 October 1801
• Fisher Ames “falkland,” No. 2 6 February 1801
• Repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801
• Congressional Proceedings
• Editorials On the Repeal “a Friend of the Constitution” [william Cranch], No. 1 Washington Federalist 7 December 1801
• The Impeachment of Samuel Chase, 1804–1805
• Albert Gallatin Report On Internal Improvements 4 April 1808
• The Louisiana Purchase
• Thomas Jefferson to Robert R. Livingston 18 April 1802
• Thomas Jefferson to John C. Breckinridge 12 August 1803
• Thomas Jefferson to Wilson Cary Nicholas 7 September 1803
• [alexander Hamilton] “purchase of Louisiana” New York Evening Post 5 July 1803
• Federalist Alarm
• A Republican Response
• Senate Debates On the Louisiana Purchase 2–3 November 1803
• The Embargo
• An Act Laying an Embargo On All Ships and Vessels In the Ports and Harbors of the United States 22 December 1807
• Resistance, Enforcement, and Repeal
• The War of 1812
• Madison’s War Message 2 June 1812
• Samuel Taggart, Speech Opposing the War 24 June 1812
• Henry Clay, Speech Supporting the War 9 January 1813
• Report and Resolutions of the Hartford Convention 4 January 1815
• Part 7: The End of an Era
• Madison’s Seventh Annual Message 5 December 1815
• Madison’s Veto of the Internal Improvements Bill 3 March 1817
• In Retrospect
• The Adams-jefferson Correspondence John Adams to Thomas Jefferson 13 July 1813
• Thomas Jefferson to Justice William Johnson 12 June 1823
• Republican Farewells
• Bibliography

Republican Farewells

Jefferson to Madison 17 February 1826

… The friendship which has subsisted between us, now half a century, and the harmony of our political principles and pursuits, have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. And if I remove beyond the reach of attention to the University, or beyond the bourne of life itself, as I soon must, it is a comfort to leave that institution under your care. … It has also been a great solace to me to believe that you are engaged in vindicating to posterity the course we have pursued for preserving to them, in all their purity, the blessings of self-government, which we had assisted, too, in acquiring for them. If ever the earth has beheld a system of administration conducted with a single and steadfast eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to it, one which, protected by truth, can never know reproach, it is that to which our lives have been devoted. To myself you have been a pillar of support through life. Take care of me when dead, and be assured I shall leave with you my last affections.

Madison to Jefferson 24 February 1826

You cannot look back to the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. If they are a source of pleasure to you, what ought they not to be to me? We cannot be deprived of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public good with which we discharged the trusts committed to us. And I indulge a confidence that sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to insure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld whilst we are here. The political horizon is already yielding, in your case at least, the surest auguries of it. Wishing and hoping that you may yet live to increase the debt which our country owes you, and to witness the increasing gratitude which alone can pay it, I offer you the fullest return of affectionate assurances.

Bibliography

More authoritative texts of the documents printed in the collection may be found in the following sources:

Adams, Charles Francis, ed. The Works of John Adams. 10 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1850–1856.

Adams, Henry, ed. The Writings of Albert Gallatin. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1870.

Allen, W. B., ed. The Works of Fisher Ames, as Published by Seth Ames. 2 vols. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1983.

Banning, Lance, ed. Jefferson and Madison: Three Conversations from the Founding. Madison, Wisc.: Madison House, 1995.

Boyd, Julian P., et al., eds. The Papers of Thomas Jefferson. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950–.

Cappon, Lester J., ed. The Adams-Jefferson Letters: The Complete Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and Abigail and John Adams. 2 vols. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1959.

Commager, Henry Steele, and Milton Cantor, eds. Documents of American History. 2 vols. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Cunningham, Noble E., Jr., ed. The Early Republic, 1789–1828. New York: Harper and Row, 1968.

Dallas, George Mifflin. Life and Writings of Alexander James Dallas. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1871.

Depauw, Linda Grant, et al., eds. Documentary History of the First Federal Congress of the United States of America, March 4, 1789–March 3, 1791. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972–.

Elliot, Jonathan, ed. The Debates in the Several State Conventions on the Adoption of the Federal Constitution. 5 vols. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1834–1856.

Foner, Philip S., ed. The Democratic-Republican Societies, 1790–1800: A Documentary Sourcebook of Constitutions, Declarations, Addresses, Resolutions, and Toasts. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1972.

Gales, Joseph, comp. The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States. 42 vols. Washington, D.C.: Gales and Seaton, 1834–1856. Commonly referred to as Annals of Congress.

Hutchinson, William T., et al., eds. The Papers of James Madison. Chicago and Charlottesville: University of Chicago Press and University Press of Virginia, 1962–.

Jensen, Merrill, et al., eds. The Documentary History of the Ratification of the Constitution. Madison: State Historical Society of Wisconsin, 1976–.

King, Charles R., ed. The Life and Correspondence of Rufus King. 6 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1894–1900.

Kohn, Richard H., ed. “Judge Alexander Addison on the Origin and History of the Whiskey Rebellion.” In The Whiskey Rebellion: Past and Present Perspectives, edited by Steven R. Boyd. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1985.

Letters of Abigail Adams to Her Husband. Boston: Little, Brown, 1886.

Marsh, Philip M., ed. A Freneau Sampler. New York: Scarecrow Press, 1963.

Meyers, Marvin, ed. The Mind of the Founder: Sources of the Political Thought of James Madison. Rev. ed. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1981.

Mitchell, Stewart, ed. New Letters of Abigail Adams, 1788–1801. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1947.

Peterson, Merrill D., ed. Thomas Jefferson: Writings. New York: Literary Classics of the United States, 1984.

Smith, James Morton, ed. The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence Between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison 1776–1826. 3 vols. New York: W. W. Norton, 1995.

Storing, Herbert J., ed. The Complete Anti-federalist. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

Syrett, Harold C., and Jacob E. Cooke, eds. The Papers of Alexander Hamilton. 26 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1961–1979.

Veit, Helen E., Kenneth R. Bowling, and Charlene Banks Bickford, eds. Creating the Bill of Rights: The Documentary Record from the First Federal Congress. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.

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