234: TO GOVERNOR JONATHAN TRUMBULL - George Washington, George Washington: A Collection [1988]
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George Washington: A Collection, compiled and edited by W.B. Allen (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1988).
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- Acknowledgments
- Editor’s Note
- About the Frontispiece
- The Sources of the Text
- Chronology
- George Washington a Collection
- Prologue
- 1: To Richard Henry Lee
- 2: The Rules of Civility and Decent Behavior In Company and Conversation
- Chapter One: the Rules of Bravery and Liberty 1756-1775
- 3: Address to His Command
- 4: To Governor Robert Hunter Morris
- 5: To Francis Dandridge
- 6: To George Mason
- 7: To Thomas Johnson
- 8: To George William Fairfax
- 9: To Bryan Fairfax
- 10: To Bryan Fairfax
- 11: To Bryan Fairfax
- 12: To the President of the Second Continental Congress
- 13: To Mrs. Martha Washington
- 14: General Orders
- 15: To Lieutenant General Thomas Gage
- 16: To the Inhabitants of the Island of Bermuda
- 17: To the Inhabitants of Canada
- Chapter Two: Tyranny: the Scourge of Liberty 1775-1777
- 18: To Joseph Reed
- 19: General Orders
- 20: To Joseph Reed
- 21: To the President of Congress
- 22: To Joseph Reed
- 23: To John Augustine Washington
- 24: General Orders
- 25: General Orders
- 26: To the Officers and Soldiers of the Pennsylvania Associators
- 27: To the President of Congress
- 28: To Lund Washington
- 29: Proclamation
- 30: To an Unidentified Correspondent
- 31: To President James Warren
- 32: To Major General Philip Schuyler
- Chapter Three: the Passions of Men and the Principles of Action 1778-1780
- 33: General Orders
- 34: To John Banister
- 35: To John Augustine Washington
- 36: To Comte D’estaing
- 37: To Gouverneur Morris
- 38: To Henry Laurens
- 39: To Benjamin Harrison
- 40: To the President of Congress
- 41: To Thomas Nelson
- 42: To George Mason
- 43: To James Warren
- 44: To Gouverneur Morris
- 45: Speech to the Delaware Chiefs
- 46: Circular to the States
- 47: To John Jay
- 48: A Conference Between the Chevalier De La Luzerne and General Washington
- 49: To Edmund Pendleton
- 50: To Joseph Jones
- 51: To President Joseph Reed
- 52: To President Joseph Reed
- 53: To Joseph Jones
- 54: Circular to the States
- 55: To the President of Congress
- 56: Circular to the States
- Chapter Four: Trials and Triumph 1780-1781
- 57: To George Mason
- 58: To William Fitzhugh
- 59: To James Duane
- 60: Circular to the New England States
- 61: To Lieutenant Colonel John Laurens
- 62: General Orders
- 63: To John Sullivan
- 64: To John Parke Custis
- 65: To Lund Washington
- 66: To the President of Congress
- 67: General Orders
- Chapter Five: Washington’s Knowledge of Himself and His Army 1782-1783
- 68: To Colonel Lewis Nicola
- 69: To the Secretary At War
- 70: To Joseph Jones
- 71: To Major General Nathanael Greene
- 72: General Orders
- 73: To Governor Benjamin Harrison
- 74: To Alexander Hamilton
- 75: To the President of Congress
- 76: To Joseph Jones
- 77: Speech to the Officers of the Army
- 78: To the President of Congress
- Chapter Six: Washington’s Knowledge of His Countrymen 1783
- 79: To Joseph Jones
- 80: To Major General Nathanael Greene
- 81: To Alexander Hamilton
- 82: To Theodorick Bland
- 83: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 84: General Orders
- 85: To Lieutenant Colonel Tench Tilghman
- 86: Circular to the States
- Chapter Seven: the General Resigns 1783
- 87: To John Augustine Washington
- 88: To Reverend William Gordon
- 89: To James Duane
- 90: Farewell Orders to the Armies of the United States
- 91: To the Ministers, Elders, Deacons, and Members of the Reformed German Congregation of New York
- 92: To the Merchants of Philadelphia
- 93: Address to Congress On Resigning His Commission
- Chapter Eight: the Citizen Stirs 1784-1786
- 94: To Jonathan Trumbull, Jr.
- 95: To Governor Benjamin Harrison
- 96: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 97: To Dr. James Craik
- 98: To Thomas Jefferson
- 99: To James Madison
- 100: To Governor Benjamin Harrison
- 101: To Thomas Johnson
- 102: To Benjamin Harrison
- 103: To the President of Congress
- 104: To William Grayson
- 105: To David Humphreys
- 106: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 107: To Edmund Randolph
- 108: To James Mchenry
- 109: To George Mason
- 110: To James Warren
- 111: To James Madison
- 112: To Henry Lee
- 113: To Robert Morris
- 114: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 115: To the Secretary For Foreign Affairs
- 116: To Marquis De Lafayette
- Chapter Nine: Making a Constitution 1786-1788
- 117: To John Jay
- 118: To Bushrod Washington
- 119: To Henry Lee
- 120: To James Madison
- 121: To Bushrod Washington
- 122: To James Madison
- 123: To James Madison
- 124: To Governor Edmund Randolph
- 125: To Henry Knox
- 126: To David Humphreys
- 127: To Henry Knox
- 128: To Henry Knox
- 129: To the Secretary For Foreign Affairs
- 130: To Governor Edmund Randolph
- 131: To James Madison
- 132: To Henry Knox
- 133: Summary of Letters From Jay, Knox, and Madison *
- 134: To Alexander Hamilton
- 135: To Patrick Henry
- 136: To Alexander Hamilton
- 137: To Bushrod Washington
- 138: To David Stuart
- 139: To James Madison
- 140: To Governor Edmund Randolph
- 141: To James Madison
- 142: To James Madison
- 143: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 144: To James Madison
- 145: To John Armstrong
- 146: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 147: To Marquis De Chastellux
- 148: To Reverend Francis Adrian Vanderkemp
- 149: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 150: To Henry Knox
- 151: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 152: To Benjamin Lincoln
- Chapter Ten: the Drama of Founding 1788-1789
- 153: To the Secretary For Foreign Affairs
- 154: To Jonathan Trumbull
- 155: To Noah Webster, Esq.
- 156: To Benjamin Lincoln
- 157: To Alexander Hamilton
- 158: To Thomas Jefferson
- 159: To Alexander Hamilton
- 160: To Benjamin Lincoln
- 161: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 162: To Benjamin Lincoln
- 163: To Francis Hopkinson
- 164: To George Steptoe Washington
- 165: To James Madison
- 166: To the Mayor, Corporation, and Citizens of Alexandria
- Chapter Eleven: Presidential Addresses 1789-1796
- 167: Fragments of the Discarded First Inaugural Address
- 168: The First Inaugural Speech
- 169: First Annual Message
- 170: Second Annual Message
- 171: Third Annual Message
- 172: Fourth Annual Message
- 173: The Second Inaugural Speech
- 174: Fifth Annual Message
- 175: Sixth Annual Message
- 176: Seventh Annual Message
- 177: Eighth Annual Message
- 178: Farewell Address
- Chapter Twelve: Washington the President 1789-1791
- 179: To James Madison
- 180: To the United Baptist Churches In Virginia
- 181: To the General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches
- 182: To the Annual Meeting of Quakers
- 183: Thanksgiving Proclamation
- 184: Sketch of a Plan of American Finance
- 185: To Catherine Macaulay Graham
- 186: To David Stuart
- 187: To David Stuart
- 188: To the Hebrew Congregations
- 189: To the Roman Catholics In the United States of America
- 190: To the Hebrew Congregation In Newport
- 191: To the Hebrew Congregations of the City of Savannah, Georgia
- 192: To the Chiefs and Counselors of the Seneca Nation
- 193: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 194: To Gouverneur Morris
- 195: To Arthur Young
- Chapter Thirteen: Trials of Division 1792-1796
- 196: To James Madison
- 197: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 198: To the Secretary of the Treasury
- 199: To the Secretary of State
- 200: To the Secretary of the Treasury
- 201: To the Attorney General
- 202: Proclamation
- 203: To the Secretary of State
- 204: Proclamation
- 205: Proclamation of Neutrality
- 206: To Governor Henry Lee
- 207: Proclamation
- 208: Proclamation
- 209: To Governor Henry Lee
- 210: To Burgess Ball
- 211: Proclamation
- 212: To the Secretary of State
- 213: To John Jay
- 214: To the Commissioners of the District of Columbia
- 215: To Thomas Jefferson
- 216: To Alexander Hamilton
- 217: To Alexander Hamilton
- 218: To Alexander Hamilton
- 219: To Gouverneur Morris
- 220: To the House of Representatives
- Chapter Fourteen: a Work Completed 1796-1799
- 221: To Alexander Hamilton
- 222: To the Emperor of Germany
- 223: To Alexander Hamilton
- 224: To Thomas Pinckney
- 225: To Alexander Hamilton
- 226: To Thomas Jefferson
- 227: To Alexander Hamilton
- 228: Talk to the Cherokee Nation
- 229: To Alexander Hamilton
- 230: To Alexander Hamilton
- 231: To Jonathan Trumbull
- 232: To Marquis De Lafayette
- 233: To Patrick Henry
- Epilogue
- 234: To Governor Jonathan Trumbull
- 235: Last Will and Testament
234
TO GOVERNOR JONATHAN TRUMBULL
Mount Vernon, August 30, 1799
My Dear Sir:
Your favor of the 10th instant came duly to hand. It gave me pleasure to find by the contents of it, that your sentiments respecting the comprehensive project of Colo. Trumbull, coincided with those I had expressed to him.
Lack of unity in public councilsA very different state of Politics must obtain in this Country, and more unanimity prevail in our Public councils than is the case at present, ‘ere such a measure could be undertaken with the least prospect of success. By unanimity alone the plan could be accomplished: while then a party, and a strong one too, is hanging upon the Wheels of Government, opposing measures calculated solely for Internal defence, and is endeavouring to defeat all the Laws which have been passed for this purpose, by rendering them obnoxious, to attempt anything beyond this, would be to encounter certain disappointment. And yet, if the Policy of this Country, or the necessity occasioned by the existing opposition to its measures, should suffer the French to Possess themselves of Louisiana and the Floridas, either by exchange or otherwise, I will venture to predict, without the gift of “secondsight” that there will be “no peace in Israel.” Or, in other words, that the restless, ambitious, and Intriguing spirit of that People, will keep the United States in a continual state of Warfare with the numerous tribes of Indians that inhabit our Frontiers. For doing which their “Diplomatic skill” is well adapted.
Declines to run again for the PresidencyWith respect to the other subject of your letter, I must again express a strong, and ardent wish and desire that, no eye, no tongue, no thought, may be turned towards me for the purpose alluded to therein. For, besides the reasons which I urged against the measures in my last, and which, in my judgment, and by my feelings, are insurmountable, you, yourself, have furnished a cogent one.
You have conceded, what before was self-evident in my mind, namely, that not a single vote would, thereby, be drawn from the anti-federal Candidate. You add, however, that it might be a means of uniting the federal Votes. Here then, my dear Sir, let me ask, what satisfaction, what consolation, what safety, should I find in support, which depends upon caprice?
If Men, not Principles, can influence the choice on the part of the Federalists, what but fluctuations are to be expected? The favorite today, may have the Curtain dropped on him tomorrow, while steadiness marks the conduct of the Anti’s; and whoever is not on their side must expect to be loaded with all the calumny that malice can invent; in addition to which, I should be charged with inconsistency, concealed ambition, dotage, and a thousand more et ceteras.
The Federalist causeIt is too interesting not to be again repeated, that if principles, instead of men, are not the steady pursuit of the Federalists, their cause will soon be at an end. If these are pursued, they will notdivide at the next Election of a President; If they do divide on so important a point, it would be dangerous to trust them on any other; and none except those who might be solicitous to fill the Chair of Government would do it. In a word, my dear Sir, I am too far advanced into the vale of life to bear such buffiting as I should meet with, in such an event. A mind that has been constantly on the stretch since the year 1753, with but short intervals, and little relaxation, requires rest, and composure; and I believe that nothing short of a serious Invasion of our Country (in which case I conceive it to be the duty of every citizen to step forward in its defence) will ever draw me from my present retirement. But let me be in that, or in any other situation, I shall always remain your sincere friend and Affectionate &c.