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• Notes On Aristotle’s Politics.
• Book I.
• Book II.
• Book III.
• Book IV.
• Book V.
• Book VI.
• Book VII.
• Book VIII.

BOOK VIII.

δεɩ̂ γὰρ πρὸς ἑκάστην πολιτεύεσθαι.

Here Susemihl has adopted παιδεύεσθαι after Aretino’s translation. But πολιτεύεσθαι the reading of the Greek MSS. is also confirmed by William de Moerbek, ‘politizare,’ and is more in accordance with the context: ‘For the life of the citizen should conform to the state, because the state is of one character, and this unity in the end of the state necessitates unity in the education of the citizens.’

ϕανερὸν ὅτι καὶ τὴν παιδείαν μίαν καὶ τὴν αὐτὴν ἀναγκαɩ̂ον εἰ̂ναι πάντων καὶ ταύτης τὴν ἐπιμέλειαν εἰ̂ναι κοινὴν καὶ μὴ κατ’ ἰδίαν.

Cp. Nic. Eth. x. 9. § 14, κράτιστον μὲν ον̓̂ν τὸ γίγνεσθαι κοινὴν ἐπιμέλειαν καὶ ὀρθήν, where he goes on to show that public education can be best enforced, but that, since it is generally neglected, we must have recourse to private education, which moreover will take into account the peculiarities of the individual case; also that the education of individuals must be based upon general principles, and these are to be gathered from the science or art of legislation.

ἐπαινέσειε δ’ ἄν τις καὶ τον̂το Λακεδαιμονίους· καὶ γὰρ πλείστην ποιον̂νται σπουδὴν περὶ τοὺς παɩ̂δας καὶ κοινῃ̑ ταύτην.

Aristotle appears to praise the Lacedaemonians, not for the quality of their education (cp. infra c. 4), but for the circumstance that it was established by law. According to Isocrates Panath. 276 d, the Spartans fell so far below the general standard of education in Hellas, that they did not even know their letters, τοσον̂τον ἀπολελειμμένοι τη̂ς κοινη̂ς παιδείας καὶ ϕιλοσοϕίας εἰσὶν ὥστ’ οὐδὲ γράμματα μανθάνουσιν: and according to Plato, or rather according to the author of the Platonic Hippias Major (285 C), ‘not many of them could count.’

καὶ τον̂το. καὶ is found in all the MSS., and was the reading of Moerbek. There is no difficulty in explaining it: ‘One may praise the Lacedaemonians for this also,’ as he has already praised their common use of property in ii. 5. § 7. Cp. Nic. Eth. x. 9. § 13, ἐν μόνῃ δὲ τῃ̑ Λακεδαιμονίων πόλει μετ’ ὀλίγων ὁ νομοθέτης ἐπιμέλειαν δοκεɩ̂ πεποιη̂σθαι τροϕη̂ς τε καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων.

νν̂ν γὰρ ἀμϕισβητεɩ̂ται περὶ τω̂ν ἔργων.

‘We are agreed about the necessity of a state education, but we differ about the subjects of education’ or ‘about the things to be done in education;’ cp. infra § 3, τω̂ν ἐλευθέρων ἔργων καὶ τω̂ν ἀνελευθέρων.

ἐκ δὲ τη̂ς ἐμποδὼν παιδείας.

‘The customary education’ or ‘the education which meets us in life’—without any idea of obstruction.

ταραχώδης ἡ σκέψις.

‘It is impossible to consider the theory of education apart from the prevalent custom; and it would be equally impossible even if we could frame a perfect theory to carry it out in practice.’

τὰ περιττά.

Lit. ‘things in excess,’ i. e. not included in the ordinary training either for life or virtue, in modern language ‘the higher knowledge.’ For the use of the word cp. ii. 6. § 6; Nic. Eth. vi. 7. § 4.

κριτάς τινας.

Cp. for the use of the word De Anima i. 405 b. 8, πάντα τὰ στοιχεɩ̂α κριτὴν εἴληϕε πλὴν τη̂ς γη̂ς, ‘All these views have found approvers.’

καταβεβλημέναι,

‘laid down and so established:’ cp. c. 3. § 11, καταβεβλημένα παιδεύματα. Cp. supra, ἡ ἐμποδὼν παιδεία.

ἐπαμϕοτερίζουσιν,

‘are of a double character,’ partly liberal, partly illiberal.

ἔστι δὲ τέτταρα κ.τ.λ.

μουσικὴ is here separated from γράμματα, which in Plato’s Republic are included under it.

We may remark the form of sentence: ‘There are four;’ but the fourth is introduced with a qualification, τέταρτον ἔνιοι.

αὕτη γὰρ ἀρχὴ πάντων.

Not ϕύσις but ἡ σχολή, as is shown by the clause which follows, ἵνα καὶ πάλιν εἴπωμεν περὶ αὐτη̂ς referring to vii. 15. §§ 1, 2, and perhaps to Nic. Eth. x. 6.

ὅλως.

Either, 1) ‘the general question must be asked;’ or 2) *taking ὅλως in an emphatic sense, ‘the question must be surely’ or ‘absolutely asked.’ In what follows §§ 3-6, Aristotle passes on to discuss the more general subjects of refreshments or relaxations, and returns to music in § 7.

But ὅλως is only a conjecture of Victorius. All the MSS. read τέλος, except one (P⁵), which reads τελευταɩ̂ον. (Cp. the old trans. ‘finaliter.’) The reading τέλος gives a sufficient but not a very good sense (‘lastly’), nor can any objection be made to it on the ground that the word occurs in the following line with a different meaning. For such false echoes are not uncommon. Cp. συνάγειν, used in two senses, iv. 15. § 8, note.

τὴν ἐν τῃ̑ διαγωγῃ̑ σχολήν.

Cp. infra § 8, τὴν ἐν τῃ̑ σχολῃ̑ διαγωγήν. The two expressions are nearly equivalent: 1) ‘the leisure occupied in διαγωγή:’ 2) ‘the διαγωγή of leisure.’ It is hard to find any satisfactory phrase in English to express what Aristotle throughout this book terms διαγωγή. The first sense of the word is that employment of leisure which becomes a gentleman (cp. πότερον παιδείαν ἢ παιδιὰν ἢ διαγωγήν. εὐλόγως δ’ εἰς πάντα τάττεται καὶ ϕαίνεται μετέχειν. ἥ τε γὰρ παιδιὰ χάριν ἀναπαύσεώς ἐστι, τὴν δ’ ἀνάπαυσιν ἀναγκαɩ̂ον ἡδεɩ̂αν εἰ̂ναι (τη̂ς γὰρ διὰ τω̂ν πόνων λύπης ἰατρεία τίς ἐστιν)· καὶ τὴν διαγωγὴν ὁμολογουμένως δεɩ̂ μὴ μόνον ἔχειν τὸ καλὸν ἀλλὰ καὶ τὴν ἡδονήν infra c. 5. §§ 9, 10). Further it is joined with ϕρόνησις (c. 5. § 4. init. πρὸς διαγωγὴν συμβάλλεταί τι καὶ ϕρόνησιν) and therefore seems to mean the rational or intellectual employment and enjoyment of leisure. It is always distinguished from παιδιὰ and ἀνάπαυσις ‘amusement’ and ‘relaxation,’ which are properly, not ends, but only means to renewed exertion (cp. Nic. Eth. x. 6. § 6); and so means to means, whereas διαγωγὴ and σχολὴ are ends in themselves. The idea of ‘culture,’ implying a use of the intellect, not for the sake of any further end, but for itself, would so far correspond to διαγωγή.

ἣν γὰρ οἴονται διαγωγὴν εἰ̂ναι τω̂ν ἐλευθέρων, ἐν ταύτῃ τάττουσιν.

ἐν ταύτῃ, sc. τῃ̑ ἐν τῃ̑ σχολῃ̑ διαγωγῃ̑.

τάττουσιν, sc. αὐτὴν or music. ‘They reckon music in that class of intellectual enjoyments which they suppose to be peculiar to freemen.’

ἀλλ’ οἱ̑ον μέν ἐστι καλεɩ̂ν ἐπὶ δαɩ̂τα θαλείην.

The line is not found in our Homer. There is no doubt that in the original θαλείην is to be taken with δαɩ̂τα; but it is probably quoted by Aristotle in reference to the Muse Thalia: and καλεɩ̂ν Θαλίην is said in the same way as καλέουσιν ἀοιδὸν in the following quotation.

ἡ γὰρ μουσικὴ τον̂το ποιεɩ̂ δη̂λον.

i. e. ‘the fact that the ancients included music in education proves thus much, that they considered it a noble part of education’;—they would not have included what was purely utilitarian.

οἱ δὲ Λάκωνες ταύτην μὲν οὐχ ἥμαρτον τὴν ἁμαρτίαν, θηριώδεις δ’ ἀπεργάζονται τοɩ̂ς πόνοις, ὡς τον̂το πρὸς ἀνδρίαν μάλιστα συμϕέρον.

‘The Lacedaemonians do not run into the error of spoiling the frames of their children, but they spoil their characters.’

εἴ τε καὶ πρὸς ταύτην, οὐδὲ τον̂το ἐξευρίσκουσιν· οὔτε γὰρ ἐν τοɩ̂ς ἄλλοις ζῴοις οὔτ’ ἐπὶ τω̂ν ἐθνω̂ν ὁρω̂μεν τὴν ἀνδρίαν ἀκολουθον̂σαν τοɩ̂ς ἀγριωτάτοις, ἀλλὰ μα̂λλον τοɩ̂ς ἡμερωτέροις καὶ λεοντώδεσιν ἤθεσιν.

‘And even if they train with a view to courage they do not attain to it; for courage is not to be found in brutal but in mild and lionlike natures, whether (the comparison is made) of animals or of barbarians.’ Cp. Plat. Rep. ii. 375 and Aristotle’s Criticism on this passage in the Politics vii. 7. §§ 5-8.

τω̂ν ἠπειρωτικω̂ν ἐθνω̂ν.

Not ‘of Epirus,’ which would be wholly disconnected from the Pontus and could hardly have been described as in this state of savagery, nor as in the translation ‘there are other inland tribes,’ for the Achaeans are not inland tribes (unless indeed the tribes ‘about the Pontus’ are called continental with reference to the Mediterranean), but more accurately ‘other tribes on the mainland.’ For another mention of these cannibals in Aristotle, cp. Nic. Eth. vii. 5. § 2.

μὴ πρὸς ἀσκον̂ντας.

Said for πρὸς μὴ ἀσκον̂ντας. But the fall of Sparta was not really due to the improvements of the other Hellenes in gymnastics; though the equal or superior military discipline of Macedon at last overpowered them.

The fall and decay of Sparta is a political lesson which greatly impresses Aristotle, cp. notes on vii. 11. § 8 and c. 14. § 16 ff.

So in modern times the superiority of nations has often been due to their superior organization. Those who organize first will be first victorious until others become in their turn better trained and prepared. By organization Frederick the Great crushed Austria, as she was afterwards crushed once more in 1866; again the military organization both of Prussia and Austria crumbled before Napoleon at Jena, as the French organization was in turn overpowered by the new military development of Germany in 1870. The Germans have still to prove, εἴτε τῳ̑ τοὺς νέους γυμνάζειν τὸν τρόπον τον̂τον διέϕερον, εἴτε τῳ̑ μόνον μὴ πρὸς ἀσκον̂ντας ἀσκεɩ̂ν.

ὡς ϕησὶν ὁ λόγος.

Cp. Plato (e. g. Phaedo 87 A, Soph. 238 B) for a similar personification of the argument.

A warning against overstraining of the faculties in youth which may be applied to the young student of modern times as well as to the young Olympic victor.

καταλαμβάνειν τὴν ἡλικίαν.

‘To occupy,’ ‘engage,’ ‘employ.’

ἵνα ὥσπερ ἐνδόσιμον γένηται τοɩ̂ς λόγοις.

A musical term and therefore appropriately used in speaking of music = ‘the keynote,’ ‘that what we have to say may be a sort of keynote to any future discussion of the subject.’ Cp. Arist. Rhet. iii. 14. § 1, 1414 b. 22, καὶ γὰρ οἱ αὐληταί, ὅ τι ἂν εν̓̂ ἔχωσιν αὐλη̂σαι τον̂το προαυλήσαντες συνη̂ψαν τῳ̑ ἐνδοσίμῳ, καὶ ἐν τοɩ̂ς ἐπιδεικτικοɩ̂ς λόγοις δεɩ̂ οὕτω γράϕειν.

Aristotle suggests three reasons which might be given for the cultivation of music:

1) παιδια̂ς καὶ ἀναπαύσεως ἕνεκα, like sleep, wine, dancing (cp. Nic. Eth. x. 6. § 6), amusement and relaxation being the means to renewed exertion.

2) Because of its influence on character. Hence its value in education (παιδεία).

3) πρὸς διαγωγὴν καὶ ϕρόνησιν, as an end.

In c. 7. § 3 he speaks of music as being used for a) παιδεία, b) κάθαρσις, c) διαγωγή; a) corresponds to 2) of c. 5 (πρὸς τὴν παιδείαν), c) to 3).

This leaves b) κάθαρσις to correspond to the use of music as a relaxation, and would seem to show that Aristotle gave the lower meaning to κάθαρσις (i. e. ‘purgation’ rather than ‘purification’). Cp. c. 3. § 4, ϕαρμακείας χάριν, and c. 7. § 4, ὥσπερ ἱατρείας τυχόντας καὶ καθάρσεως. See note on c. 7. § 3.

καὶ ἅμα παύει μέριμναν, ὡς ϕησὶν Εὐριπίδης.

Goettling and Bekker (in his second edition), against the authority of the MSS. of the Politics, have altered ἅμα παύει into ἀναπαύει, an unnecessary change, and unsupported by the MSS. of Euripides, which cannot be quoted on either side; for the citation, like many others in Aristotle, is inaccurate. The words referred to occur in Eur. Bacch. 380:—

• ὃς [Βρόμιος] τάδ’ ἔχει,
• θιασεύειν τε χοροɩ̂ς
• μετά τ’ αὐλον̂ γελάσαι,
• ἀποπαν̂σαί τε μερίμνας.

τάττουσιν αὐτήν.

Sc. εἰς παιδιὰν καὶ ἀνάπαυσιν understood from the words preceding.

Reading ὕπνῳ for οἴνῳ, gathered from ὕπνου καὶ μέθης supra, with Bekker’s 2nd edition, but against the authority of all the MSS. and of William de Moerbek.

ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐδὲ διαγωγήν τε παισὶν ἁρμόττει καὶ ταɩ̂ς ἡλικίαις ἀποδιδόναι ταɩ̂ς τοιαύταις.

The particle τε is not easily explained. It may be suggested either that 1) it should be omitted, or 2) should be changed into τι or τοɩ̂ς, or 3) that καὶ ϕρόνησιν should be added after it from the corresponding words in § 4, ἢ πρὸς διαγωγήν τι συμβάλλεται καὶ ϕρόνησιν.

οὐδενὶ γὰρ ἀτελεɩ̂ προσήκει τέλος.

A singular and almost verbal fancy. ‘The imperfect is opposed to the perfect, and therefore the immature youth is not intended for reason and contemplation.’ Yet the meaning of τέλος is obscure, cp. infra §§ 12, 13, ἐπεὶ δ’ ἐν μὲν τῳ̑ τέλει συμβαίνει τοɩ̂ς ἀνθρώποις ὀλιγάκις γίγνεσθαι.

§§ 5-8 are a series of ἀπορίαι which take the form of a suppressed dialogue. 1) But a child may learn music with a view to a time when he will be grown up; 2) But why should he learn himself? 3) He will not appreciate unless he does; 4) Then why should he not learn cookery? 5) And how will his morals be improved by playing himself rather than by hearing others perform? Yet infra c. 6 these cobwebs are dashed aside; and it is acknowledged that the truer and deeper effect of music can only be produced on the mind by actual practice.

ὥσπερ οἱ Λάκωνες· ἐκεɩ̂νοι γὰρ οὐ μανθάνοντες ὅμως δύνανται κρίνειν ὀρθω̂ς, ὡς ϕασί, τὰ χρηστὰ καὶ τὰ μὴ χρηστὰ τω̂ν μελω̂ν.

Cp. what Plato says of the ‘timocratic man,’ in Rep. viii. 548 E, αὐθαδέστερόν τε δεɩ̂ αὐτόν, ἠ̑ν δ’ ἐγώ, εἰ̂ναι καὶ ὑποαμουσότερον, ϕιλόμουσον δέ· καὶ ϕιλήκοον μέν, ῥητορικὸν δ’ οὐδαμω̂ς.

οὐ γὰρ ὁ Ζεὺς αὐτὸς ᾄδει καὶ κιθαρίζει τοɩ̂ς ποιηταɩ̂ς, ἀλλὰ καὶ βαναύσους καλον̂μεν τοὺς τοιούτους.

In Il. i. 603 it is Apollo, not Zeus, who plays to the assembly of the gods.

ἔχει γὰρ ἴσως ἡδονήν τινα καὶ τὸ τέλος, ἀλλ’ οὐ τὴν τυχον̂σαν· ζητον̂ντες δὲ ταύτην, λαμβάνουσιν ὡς ταύτην ἐκείνην, διὰ τὸ τῳ̑ τέλει τω̂ν πράξεων ἔχειν ὁμοίωμά τι.

There is a finality about pleasure, which leads to a confusion with happiness. Like the greater end of life it comes after toil; it is sensible to the eye or feeling; it is the anticipation of we know not what: no account can be given of it. ταύτην, sc. οὐ τὴν τυχον̂σαν, ‘the higher pleasure;’ ἐκείνην, ‘the lower pleasure.’

δι’ ἣν μὲν ον̓̂ν αἰτίαν κ.τ.λ.

Cp. Nic. Eth. vii. 13. § 6, ἀλλ’ ἐπεὶ οὐχ ἡ αὐτὴ οὔτε ϕύσις οὔθ’ ἕξις ἡ ἀρίστη οὔτ’ ἔστιν οὔτε δοκεɩ̂, οὐδ’ ἡδονὴν διώκουσι τὴν αὐτὴν πάντες, ἡδονὴν μέντοι πάντες. Ἴσως δὲ καὶ διώκουσιν οὐχ ἣν οἴονται οὐδ’ ἣν ἂν ϕαɩ̂εν, ἀλλὰ τὴν αὐτήν· πάντα γὰρ ϕύσει ἔχει τι θεɩ̂ον· ἀλλ’ εἰλήϕασι τὴν τον̂ ὀνόματος κληρονομίαν αἱ σωματικαὶ ἡδοναὶ διὰ τὸ πλειστάκις τε παραβάλλειν εἰς αὐτὰς καὶ πάντας μετέχειν αὐτω̂ν· διὰ τὸ μόνας ον̓̂ν γνωρίμους εἰ̂ναι ταύτας μόνας οἴονται εἰ̂ναι.

οὐ διὰ ταύτην μόνην,

sc. ζητον̂σιν.

ἔτι δὲ ἀκροώμενοι τω̂ν μιμήσεων γίγνονται πάντες συμπαθεɩ̂ς, καὶ χωρὶς τω̂ν ῥυθμω̂ν καὶ τω̂ν μελω̂ν αὐτω̂ν.

i.e. ‘any imitation, whether accompanied by rhythm or song or not, creates sympathetic feeling.’

παρὰ τὰς ἀληθινὰς ϕύσεις.

‘Near to or not far removed from their true natures.’

συμβέβηκε δὲ τω̂ν αἰσθητω̂ν ἐν μὲν τοɩ̂ς ἄλλοις μηδὲν ὑπάρχειν όμοίωμα τοɩ̂ς ἤθεσιν, οἱ̑ον ἐν τοɩ̂ς ἁπτοɩ̂ς καὶ τοɩ̂ς γευστοɩ̂ς, ἀλλ’ ἐν τοɩ̂ς ὁρατοɩ̂ς ἠρέμα· σχήματα γάρ ἐστι τοιαν̂τα, ἀλλ’ ἐπὶ μικρόν, καὶ πάντες τη̂ς τοιαύτης αἰσθήσεως κοινωνον̂σιν.

‘As to the senses [other than the sense of hearing], objects of sight alone furnish representations of ethical character; (for figures are 1) objects of sight, or 2*) are of an ethical character); but to a certain extent only, and this intellectual element (though feeble) is common to all.’

The obscurity of the passage has led to the insertion of οὐ before πάντες: but the construction is then abrupt and the meaning thus obtained, ‘all do not participate in the sense of figure,’ would be a strange statement.

ἔτι δ’ οὐκ ἔστι ταν̂τα ὁμοιώματα τω̂ν ἠθω̂ν, ἀλλὰ σημεɩ̂α μα̂λλον.

‘Yet such figures and colours (which have been previously called representations) are not really representations but more truly signs and indications.’

οὐ μὴν ἀλλ’ ὅσον διαϕέρει καὶ περὶ τὴν τούτων θεωρίαν, δεɩ̂ μὴ τὰ Παύσωνος θεωρεɩ̂ν τοὺς νέους, ἀλλὰ τὰ Πολυγνώτου κἂν εἴ τις ἄλλος τω̂ν γραϕέων ἢ τω̂ν ἀγαλματοποιω̂ν ἐστὶν ἠθικός.

Cp. Poetics 2. 1448 a. 5, Πολύγνωτος μὲν γὰρ κρείττους, Παύσων δὲ χείρους, Διονύσιος δὲ ὁμοίους εἴκαζεν.

ἐν δὲ τοɩ̂ς μέλεσιν αὐτοɩ̂ς.

‘But though hardly discernible in painting we have the very expression of the feeling in music.’

καὶ τοɩ̂ς ῥυθμοɩ̂ς εἰ̂ναι.

Bekker in his 2nd edition has inserted πρὸς τὴν ψύχην before εἰ̂ναι. Cp. a reading which is confirmed by one MS. of the old translator, ‘cognatio ad animam.’ Aretino’s translation suggests ἡμɩ̂ν, but the same sense can be got out of the Greek as it stands, ἡμɩ̂ν (or πρὸς τὴν ψυχήν) being supplied from τὴν ϕύσιν τὴν τηλικαύτην or οἱ νέοι in the previous sentence.

For the doctrine that the soul is a harmony, cp. Plat. Phaedo 86, 92-95; Timaeus 35, 36.

ἀπεργάζεσθαι τὸ λεχθέν,

sc. τὸ ποιεɩ̂ν βαναύσους.

πρὸς μὲν τὰς χρήσεις ἤδη, πρὸς δὲ τὰς μαθήσεις ὕστερον.

Though there is no variation in the MSS., or in the old translator, there seems to be a corruption in this passage. Susemihl transposes χρήσεις and μαθήσεις. Goettling omits both. If retained in their present order, they must be translated as in the text, and may be supposed to mean that practice precedes theory. In the Republic practical life precedes philosophical leisure, and at the end of the Ethics (x. 9. § 20) Aristotle says that the sophist having no experience of politics cannot teach them (cp. Plat. Tim. 19 D).

But a fatal objection to this way of interpreting the passage is the word μάθησις, which elsewhere in this chapter, and even in the next sentence, means ‘early education,’ not ‘mature philosophical speculation.’

Compare Plat. Rep. ii. 411. In the Laws vii. 810 he limits the time allowed for the study of music to three years.

τῳ̑ λόγῳ.

‘Speech,’ as in bk. i. 2. § 10.

The singular outburst of intellectual life at Athens, which we may well believe to have arisen after the Persian War, belongs to a period of Greek history known to us only from the very short summary of Athenian history contained in a few pages of Thucydides. It was the age of Pindar and Simonides and Phrynichus and Aeschylus, of Heraclitus and Parmenides, of Protagoras and Gorgias.

Ἐκϕαντίδῃ.

A very ancient comic poet who flourished in the generation before Aristophanes.

ἐπεὶ δὲ τω̂ν τε ὀργάνων κ.τ.λ.

This, like many other sentences beginning with ἐπεί, is an anacoluthon, of which the real apodosis is to be found in the words διόπερ οὐ τω̂ν ἐλευθέρων κρίνομεν εἰ̂ναι τὴν ἐργασίαν ἀλλὰ θητικωτέραν.

ἢ τρίτον δεɩ̂ τινὰ ἕτερον.

Three alternatives are given: 1) Shall we use all the harmonies and rhythms in education? 2) Shall we make the same distinctions about them in education which are made in other uses of them? Or 3) Shall we make some other distinction?

τρίτον δεɩ̂ has been suspected. τρίτον is certainly not symmetrical because it introduces not a third case but a subdivision of the second case. Yet other divisions in Aristotle are unsymmetrical (cp. supra c. 3. § 1 and vii. 11. §§ 1-4).

νομικω̂ς.

‘After the manner of a law,’ i. e. ἐν τύπῳ explained by the words which follow.

τὰ μὲν ἠθικὰ τὰ δὲ πρακτικὰ τὰ δ’ ἐνθουσιαστικὰ τιθέντες.

These distinctions are but feebly represented by modern styles; the first is in some degree analogous to sacred music, the second to military music, and the third to the music of the dance.

πρὸς ἄλλο μέρος,

sc. τη̂ς ψυχη̂ς or *τω̂ν μελω̂ν.

τί δὲ λέγομεν τὴν κάθαρσιν, νν̂ν μὲν ἁπλω̂ς, πάλιν δ’ ἐν τοɩ̂ς περὶ ποιητικη̂ς ἐρον̂μεν σαϕέστερον.

This promise is very imperfectly fulfilled in the short allusion to κάθαρσις in Poet. c. 6.

διὸ ταɩ̂ς μὲν τοιαύταις ἁρμονίαις καὶ τοɩ̂ς τοιούτοις μέλεσι θετέον τοὺς τὴν θεατρικὴν μουσικὴν μεταχειριζομένους ἀγωνιστάς.

‘Therefore it is for such harmonies and for such melodies that we must establish the competitions of musical performers,’ i. e. we must leave such strains of art to regular performers.

παρακεχρωσμένα.

παραχρώσεις are explained to mean ‘deviations from the received scale in music.’

ὁ δ’ ἐν τῃ̑ πολιτείᾳ Σωκράτης οὐ καλω̂ς τὴν ϕρυγιστὶ μόνην καταλείπει μετὰ τη̂ς δωριστί, καὶ ταν̂τα ἀποδοκιμάσας τω̂ν ὀργάνων τὸν αὐλόν.

This criticism of Plato appears to be just.

καὶ διότι Φιλόξενος ἐγχειρήσας ἐν τῃ̑ δωριστὶ ποιη̂σαι διθύραμβον τοὺς μύθους.

The emendation Μύσους (adopted by Bekker in his 2nd edition) is unnecessary. The words may also mean ‘to compose a dithyramb called the “Fables.”’ Whether fables could be written in a dithyrambic form or not, the difficulty which Philoxenus experienced was of another kind: what he found hopeless was the attempt to compose dithyrambic poetry adapted to the severe Dorian music.

δη̂λον ὅτι τούτους ὅρους τρεɩ̂ς

is abruptly expressed and possibly something may be omitted. The general meaning is ‘that if there be a harmony suited to the young it must be tested by the three principles of education; the mean, the possible, the becoming.’

Without assuming that Aristotle wrote a complete treatise on the subject of education, in which he includes gymnastic, music, drawing, and literature (cp. c. 3. § 1), it is hard to imagine that, if the work had received from his hands its present form, he would have broken off in this abrupt manner.

December 1885.

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Westwood (J. O., M.A., F.R.S.). Thesaurus Entomologicus Hopeianus, or a Description of the rarest Insects in the Collection given to the University by the Rev. William Hope. With 40 Plates. 1874. Small folio, half morocco, 7l. 10s.

The Sacred Books of the East.

Translated by various Oriental Scholars, and edited by F. Max Müller.

[Demy 8vo. cloth.]

Vol. I. The Upanishads. Translated by F. Max Müller. Part I. The Khândogya-upanishad, The Talavakâra-upanishad, The Aitareya-âranyaka, The Kaushîtaki-brâhmana-upanishad, and The Vâgasaneyi-samhitâ-upanishad. 10s. 6d.

Vol. II. The Sacred Laws of the Âryas, as taught in the Schools of Apastamba, Gautama, Vâsishtha, and Baudhâyana. Translated by Prof. Georg Bühler. Part I. Apastamba and Gautama. 10s. 6d.

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Second Series.

The following Volumes are in the Press:—

Vol. XXV. Manu. Translated by Georg Bühler.

Vol. XXVI. The Satapatha-Brâhmana. Translated by Julius Eggeling. Part II.

Vols. XXVII and XXVIII. The Sacred Books of China. The Texts of Confucianism. Translated by James Legge. Parts III and IV. The Lî Kî, or Collection of Treatises on the Rules of Propriety, or Ceremonial Usages.

Vols. XXIX and XXX. The Grihya-sûtras, Rules of Vedic Domestic Ceremonies. Translated by Hermann Oldenberg. Parts I and II.

Vol. XXXI. The Zend-Avesta. Part III. The Yazna, Visparad, Afrîgân, and Gâhs. Translated by the Rev. L. H. Mills.

Vol. XXXII. Vedic Hymns. Translated by F. Max Müller. Part I.

* * * The Second Series will consist of Twenty-Four Volumes

Clarendon Press Series

I. ENGLISH.

A First Reading Book. By Marie Eichens of Berlin; and edited by Anne J. Clough. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 4d.

Oxford Reading Book, Part I. For Little Children. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 6d.

Oxford Reading Book, Part II. For Junior Classes. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 6d.

An Elementary English Grammar and Exercise Book. By O. W. Tancock, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

An English Grammar and Reading Book, for Lower Forms in Classical Schools. By O. W. Tancock, M.A. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Typical Selections from the best English Writers, with Introductory Notices. Second Edition. In Two Volumes. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. each.

Vol. I. Latimer to Berkeley.

Vol. II. Pope to Macaulay.

Shairp (J. C., LL.D.). Aspects of Poetry; being Lectures delivered at Oxford. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.

A Book for the Beginner in Anglo-Saxon. By John Earle, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

An Anglo-Saxon Reader. In Prose and Verse. With Grammatical Introduction, Notes, and Glossary. By Henry Sweet, M.A. Fourth Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Extra fcap. 8vo. 8s. 6d.

An Anglo-Saxon Primer, with Grammar, Notes, and Glossary. By the same Author. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Old English Reading Primers; edited by Henry Sweet, M.A.

I. Selected Homilies of Ælfric. Extra fcap. 8vo., stiff covers, 1s. 6d.

II. Extracts from Alfred’s Orosius. Extra fcap. 8vo., stiff covers, 1s. 6d.

First Middle English Primer, with Grammar and Glossary. By the same Author. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

The Philology of the English Tongue. By J. Earle, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

A Handbook of Phonetics, including a Popular Exposition of the Principles of Spelling Reform. By H. Sweet, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Elementarbuch des Gesprochenen Englisch. Grammatik, Texte und Glossar. Von Henry Sweet. Extra fcap. 8vo., stiff covers, 2s. 6d.

The Ormulum; with the Notes and Glossary of Dr. R. M. White. Edited by R. Holt, M.A. 1878. 2 vols. Extra fcap. 8vo. 21s.

English Plant Names from the Tenth to the Fifteenth Century. By J. Earle, M.A. Small fcap. 8vo. 5s.

Specimens of Early English. A New and Revised Edition. With Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index. By R. Morris, LL.D., and W. W. Skeat, M.A.

Part I. From Old English Homilies to King Horn (a.d. 1150 to a.d. 1300). Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 9s.

Part II. From Robert of Gloucester to Gower (a.d. 1298 to a.d. 1393). Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Specimens of English Literature, from the ‘Ploughmans Crede’ to the ‘Shepheardes Calender’ (a.d. 1394 to a.d. 1579). With Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index. By W. W. Skeat, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

The Vision of William concerning Piers the Plowman, by William Langland. Edited, with Notes, by W. W. Skeat, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Chaucer. I. The Prologue to the Canterbury Tales; the Knightes Tale; The Nonne Prestes Tale. Edited by R. Morris, Editor of Specimens of Early English, &c., &c. Fifty-first Thousand. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

— II. The Prioresses Tale; Sir Thopas; The Monkes Tale; The Clerkes Tale; The Squieres Tale, &c. Edited by W. W. Skeat, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

— III. The Tale of the Man of Lawe; The Pardoneres Tale; The Second Nonnes Tale; The Chanouns Yemannes Tale. By the same Editor. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Gamelyn, The Tale of. Edited with Notes, Glossary, &c., by W. W. Skeat, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. Stiff covers, 1s. 6d.

Spenser’s Faery Queene. Books I and II. Designed chiefly for the use of Schools. With Introduction, Notes, and Glossary. By G. W. Kitchin, D.D.

Book I. Tenth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Book II. Sixth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Hooker. Ecclesiastical Polity, Book I. Edited by R. W. Church, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Marlowe and Greene. Marlowe’s Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, and Greene’s Honourable History of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay. Edited by A. W. Ward, M.A. 1878. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s. 6d.

Marlowe. Edward II. With Introduction, Notes, &c. By O. W. Tancock, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Shakespeare. Select Plays. Edited by W. G. Clark, M.A., and W. Aldis Wright, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers.

The Merchant of Venice. 1s.

Richard the Second. 1s. 6d.

Macbeth. 1s. 6d.

Hamlet. 2s.

Edited by W. Aldis Wright, M.A.

The Tempest. 1s. 6d.

As You Like It. 1s. 6d.

Julius Cæsar. 2s.

Richard the Third. 2s. 6d.

King Lear. 1s. 6d.

A Midsummer Night’s Dream. 1s. 6d.

Coriolanus. 2s. 6d.

Henry the Fifth. 2s.

Twelfth Night. 1s. 6d.

King John. Just Ready.

Shakespeare as a Dramatic Artist; a popular Illustration of the Principles of Scientific Criticism. By Richard G. Moulton, M.A. Crown 8vo. 5s.

Bacon. I. Advancement of Learning. Edited by W. Aldis Wright, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

— II. The Essays. With Introduction and Notes. By S. H. Reynolds, M.A., late Fellow of Brasenose College. In Preparation.

Milton. I. Areopagitica. With Introduction and Notes. By John W. Hales, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

— II. Poems. Edited by R. C. Browne, M.A. 2 vols. Fifth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. 6d. Sold separately, Vol. I. 4s.; Vol. II. 3s.

In paper covers:—

Lycidas, 3d.

L’Allegro, 3d.

Il Penseroso, 4d.

Comus, 6d.

Samson Agonistes, 6d.

— III. Samson Agonistes. Edited with Introduction and Notes by John Churton Collins. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 1s.

Bunyan. I. The Pilgrim’s Progress, Grace Abounding, Relation of the Imprisonment of Mr. John Bunyan. Edited, with Biographical Introduction and Notes, by E. Venables, M.A. 1879. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.

— II. Holy War, &c. Edited by E. Venables, M.A. In the Press.

Dryden. Select Poems. Stanzas on the Death of Oliver Cromwell; Astræa Redux; Annus Mirabilis; Absalom and Achitophel; Religio Laici; The Hind and the Panther. Edited by W. D. Christie, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Locke’s Conduct of the Understanding. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, &c., by T. Fowler, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Addison. Selections from Papers in the Spectator. With Notes. By T. Arnold, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Steele. Selections from the Tatler, Spectator, and Guardian. Edited by Austin Dobson. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d. In white Parchment, 7s. 6d.

Pope. With Introduction and Notes. By Mark Pattison, B.D.

— I. Essay on Man. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

— II. Satires and Epistles. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Parnell. The Hermit. Paper covers, 2d.

Johnson. I. Rasselas; Lives of Dryden and Pope. Edited by Alfred Milnes, M.A. (London). Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

— Lives of Pope and Dryden. Stiff covers, 2s. 6d.

— II. Vanity of Human Wishes. With Notes, by E. J. Payne, M.A. Paper covers, 4d.

Gray. Selected Poems. Edited by Edmund Gosse, Clark Lecturer in English Literature at the University of Cambridge. Extra fcap. 8vo. Stiff covers, 1s. 6d. In white Parchment, 3s.

— Elegy and Ode on Eton College. Paper covers, 2d.

Goldsmith. The Deserted Village. Paper covers, 2d.

Cowper. Edited, with Life, Introductions, and Notes, by H. T. Griffith, B.A.

— I. The Didactic Poems of 1782, with Selections from the Minor Pieces. a.d. 1779–1783. Extra fcap 8vo. 3s.

— II. The Task, with Tirocinium, and Selections from the Minor Poems. a.d. 1784–1799. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Burke. Select Works. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by E. J. Payne, M.A.

— I. Thoughts on the Present Discontents; the two Speeches on America. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

— II. Reflections on the French Revolution. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.

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Keats. Hyperion, Book I. With Notes by W. T. Arnold, B.A. Paper covers, 4d.

Byron. Childe Harold. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by H. F. Tozer, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. Cloth, 3s. 6d. In white Parchment, 5s. Just Published.

Scott. Lay of the Last Minstrel. Introduction and Canto I, with Preface and Notes by W. Minto, M.A. Paper covers, 6d.

II. LATIN.

Rudimenta Latina. Comprising Accidence, and Exercises of a very Elementary Character, for the use of Beginners. By John Barrow Allen, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

An Elementary Latin Grammar. By the same Author. Forty-second Thousand. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A First Latin Exercise Book. By the same Author. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

A Second Latin Exercise Book. By the same Author. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

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Passages for Translation into Latin. For the use of Passmen and others. Selected by J. Y. Sargent, M.A. Fifth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Exercises in Latin Prose Composition; with Introduction, Notes, and Passages of Graduated Difficulty for Translation into Latin. By G. G. Ramsay, M.A., LL.D. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Hints and Helps for Latin Elegiacs. By H. Lee-Warner, M.A., late Fellow of St. John’s College, Cambridge, Assistant Master at Rugby School. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d. Just Published.

First Latin Reader. By T. J. Nunns, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Caesar. The Commentaries (for Schools). With Notes and Maps. By Charles E. Moberly, M.A.

Part I. The Gallic War. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

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Cicero. Selection of interesting and descriptive passages. With Notes. By Henry Walford, M.A. In three Parts. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

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Part I. Anecdotes from Grecian and Roman History. Third Edition.

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Cicero. Selected Letters (for Schools). With Notes. By the late C. E. Prichard, M.A., and E. R. Bernard, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Cicero. Select Orations (for Schools). In Verrem I. De Imperio Gn. Pompeii. Pro Archia. Philippica IX. With Introduction and Notes by J. R. King, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Cornelius Nepos. With Notes. By Oscar Browning, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Livy. Selections (for Schools). With Notes and Maps. By H. Lee-Warner, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. In Parts, limp, each 1s. 6d.

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Livy. Books V-VII. With Introduction and Notes. By A. R. Cluer, B.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Ovid. Selections for the use of Schools. With Introductions and Notes, and an Appendix on the Roman Calendar. By W. Ramsay, M.A. Edited by G. G. Ramsay, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s. 6d.

Ovid. Tristia. Book I. The Text revised, with an Introduction and Notes. By S. G. Owen, B.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Pliny. Selected Letters (for Schools). With Notes. By the late C. E. Prichard, M.A., and E. R. Bernard, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Tacitus. The Annals. Books I-IV. Edited, with Introduction and Notes for the use of Schools and Junior Students, by H. Furneaux, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.

Terence. Andria. With Notes and Introductions. By C. E. Freeman, M.A., and A. Sloman, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Catulli Veronensis Liber. Iterum recognovit, apparatum criticum prolegomena appendices addidit, Robinson Ellis, A.M. 1878. Demy 8vo. 16s.

— A Commentary on Catullus. By Robinson Ellis, M.A. 1876. Demy 8vo. 16s.

— Veronensis Carmina Selecta, secundum recognitionem Robinson Ellis, A.M. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Cicero de Oratore. With Introduction and Notes. By A. S. Wilkins, M.A.

Book I. 1879. 8vo. 6s.

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— Philippic Orations. With Notes. By J. R. King, M.A. Second Edition. 1879. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Cicero. Select Letters. With English Introductions, Notes, and Appendices. By Albert Watson, M.A. Third Edition. 1881. Demy 8vo. 18s.

— Select Letters. Text. By the same Editor. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s.

— pro Cluentio. With Introduction and Notes. By W. Ramsay, M.A. Edited by G. G. Ramsay, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Horace. With a Commentary. Volume I. The Odes, Carmen Seculare, and Epodes. By Edward C. Wickham, M.A. Second Edition. 1877. Demy 8vo. 12s.

— A reprint of the above, in a size suitable for the use of Schools. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s. 6d.

Livy, Book I. With Introduction, Historical Examination, and Notes. By J. R. Seeley, M.A. Second Edition. 1881. 8vo. 6s.

Ovid. P. Ovidii Nasonis Ibis. Ex Novis Codicibus edidit, Scholia Vetera Commentarium cum Prolegomenis Appendice Indice addidit, R. Ellis, A.M. 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Persius. The Satires. With a Translation and Commentary. By John Conington, M.A. Edited by Henry Nettleship, M.A. Second Edition. 1874. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Plautus. The Trinummus. With Notes and Introductions. Intended for the Higher Forms of Public Schools. By C. E. Freeman, M.A., and A. Sloman, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Sallust. With Introduction and Notes. By W. W. Capes, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Tacitus. The Annals. Books I-VI. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by H. Furneaux, M.A. 8vo. 18s.

Virgil. With Introduction and Notes. By T. L. Papillon, M A. Two vols. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Nettleship (H., M.A.). Lectures and Essays on Subjects connected with Latin Scholarship and Literature. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

— The Roman Satura: its original form in connection with its literary development. 8vo. sewed, 1s.

— Ancient Lives of Vergil. With an Essay on the Poems of Vergil, in connection with his Life and Times. 8vo. sewed, 2s.

Papillon (T. L., M.A.). A Manual of Comparative Philology. Third Edition, Revised and Corrected. 1882. Crown 8vo. 6s.

Pinder (North, M.A.). Selections from the less known Latin Poets. 1869. 8vo. 15s.

Sellar (W. Y., M.A.). Roman Poets of the Augustan Age.Virgil. New Edition. 1883. Crown 8vo. 9s.

— Roman Poets of the Republic. New Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 1881. 8vo. 14s.

Wordsworth (J., M.A.). Fragments and Specimens of Early Latin. With Introductions and Notes. 1874. 8vo. 18s.

III. GREEK.

A Greek Primer, for the use of beginners in that Language. By the Right Rev. Charles Wordsworth, D.C.L. Seventh Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

Graecae Grammaticae Rudimenta in usum Scholarum. Auctore Carolo Wordsworth, D.C.L. Nineteenth Edition, 1882. 12mo. 4s.

A Greek-English Lexicon, abridged from Liddell and Scott’s 4to. edition, chiefly for the use of Schools. Twenty-first Edition. 1884. Square 12mo. 7s. 6d.

Greek Verbs, Irregular and Defective; their forms, meaning, and quantity; embracing all the Tenses used by Greek writers, with references to the passages in which they are found. By W. Veitch. Fourth Edition. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.

The Elements of Greek Accentuation (for Schools): abridged from his larger work by H. W. Chandler, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

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First Greek Reader. By W. G. Rushbrooke, M.L. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Second Greek Reader. By A. M. Bell, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Fourth Greek Reader; being Specimens of Greek Dialects. With Introductions and Notes. By W. W. Merry, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Fifth Greek Reader. Selections from Greek Epic and Dramatic Poetry, with Introductions and Notes. By Evelyn Abbott, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

The Golden Treasury of Ancient Greek Poetry: being a Collection of the finest passages in the Greek Classic Poets with Introductory Notices and Notes. By R. S. Wright M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 8s. 6d.

A Golden Treasury of Greek Prose, being a Collection of the finest passages in the principal Greek Prose Writers, with Introductory Notices and Notes. By R. S. Wright, M.A., and J. E. L. Shadwell, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Aeschylus. Prometheus Bound (for Schools). With Introduction and Notes, by A. O. Prickard, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

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Aristophanes. In Single Plays. Edited, with English Notes, Introductions, &c., by W. W. Merry, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo.

I. The Clouds, Second Edition, 2s.

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Cebes. Tabula. With Introduction and Notes. By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Euripides. Alcestis (for Schools). By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

— Helena. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Critical Appendix, for Upper and Middle Forms. By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

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Herodotus, Selections from. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and a Map, by W. W. Merry, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Homer. Odyssey, Books I-XII (for Schools). By W. W. Merry, M.A. Twenty-seventh Thousand. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

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— Odyssey, Books XIII-XXIV (for Schools). By the same Editor. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.

— Iliad, Book I (for Schools). By D. B. Monro, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

— Iliad, Books I-XII (for Schools). With an Introduction, a brief Homeric Grammar, and Notes. By D. B. Monro, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s.

— Iliad, Books VI and XXI. With Introduction and Notes. By Herbert Hailstone, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d. each.

Lucian. Vera Historia (for Schools). By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

Plato. Selections from the Dialogues [including the whole of the Apology and Crito]. With Introduction and Notes by John Purves, M.A., and a Preface by the Rev. B. Jowett, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s. 6d.

Sophocles. In Single Plays, with English Notes, &c. By Lewis Campbell, M.A., and Evelyn Abbott, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. limp.

Oedipus Tyrannus, Philoctetes. New and Revised Edition, 2s. each.

Oedipus Coloneus, Antigone, 1s. 9d. each.

Ajax, Electra, Trachiniae, 2s. each.

— Oedipus Rex: Dindorf’s Text, with Notes by the present Bishop of St. David’s. Extra fcap. 8vo. limp, 1s. 6d.

Theocritus (for Schools). With Notes. By H. Kynaston, D.D. (late Snow). Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Xenophon. Easy Selections. (for Junior Classes). With a Vocabulary. Notes, and Map. By J. S. Phillpotts, B.C.L., and C. S. Jerram, M.A. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

— Selections (for Schools). With Notes and Maps. By J. S. Phillpotts, B.C.L. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

— Anabasis, Book I. Edited for the use of Junior Classes and Private Students. With Introduction, Notes, and Index. By J. Marshall, M.A., Rector of the Royal High School, Edinburgh. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Just Published.

— Anabasis, Book II. With Notes and Map. By C. S. Jerram, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

— Cyropaedia, Books IV and V. With Introduction and Notes by C. Bigg, D.D. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Aristotle’s Politics. By W. L. Newman, M.A. [In preparation.]

Aristotelian Studies. I. On the Structure of the Seventh Book of the Nicomachean Ethics. By J. C. Wilson, M.A. 1879. Medium 8vo. stiff, 5s.

Demosthenes and Aeschines. The Orations of Demosthenes and Æschines on the Crown. With Introductory Essays and Notes. By G. A. Simcox, M.A., and W. H. Simcox, M.A. 1872. 8vo. 12s.

Geldart (E. M., B.A.). The Modern Greek Language in its relation to Ancient Greek. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Hicks (E. L., M.A.). A Manual of Greek Historical Inscriptions. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Homer. Odyssey, Books I-XII. Edited with English Notes, Appendices, etc. By W. W. Merry, M.A., and the late James Riddell, M.A. 1876. Demy 8vo. 16s.

— A Grammar of the Homeric Dialect. By D. B. Monro, M.A. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Sophocles. The Plays and Fragments. With English Notes and Introductions, by Lewis Campbell. M.A. 2 vols.

Vol. I. Oedipus Tyrannus. Oedipus Coloneus. Antigone. Second Edition. 1879. 8vo. 16s.

Vol. II. Ajax. Electra. Trachiniae. Philoctetes. Fragments. 1881. 8vo. 16s.

Sophocles. The Text of the Seven Plays. By the same Editor. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

IV. FRENCH AND ITALIAN.

Brachet’s Etymological Dictionary of the French Language, with a Preface on the Principles of French Etymology. Translated into English by G. W. Kitchin, D.D. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

— Historical Grammar of the French Language. Translated into English by G. W. Kitchin, D.D. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Works by GEORGE SAINTSBURY, M.A.

Primer of French Literature. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Short History of French Literature. Crown 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Specimens of French Literature, from Villon to Hugo. Crown 8vo. 9s.

Corncille’s Horace. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by George Saintsbury, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Molière’s Les Précieuses Ridicules. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Andrew Lang, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 1s. 6d.

Beaumarchais’ Le Barbier de Séville. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by Austin Dobson. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Voltaire’s Mérope. Edited, with Introduction and Notes, by George Saintsbury. Extra fcap. 8vo. cloth, 2s. Just Published.

Musset’s On ne badine pas avec l’Amour, and Fantasio. Edited, with Prolegomena, Notes, etc., by Walter Herries Pollock. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Sainte-Beuve. Selections from the Causeries du Lundi. Edited by George Saintsbury. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Quinet’s Lettres à sa Mère. Selected and edited by George Saintsbury. Extra fcap. 8vo. cloth, 2s.

L’Éloquence de la Chaire et de la Tribune Françaises. Edited by Paul Blouët, B.A. (Univ. Gallic.). Vol. I. French Sacred Oratory Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Edited by GUSTAVE MASSON, B.A.

Corneille’s Cinna, and Molière’s Les Femmes Savantes. With Introduction and Notes. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Louis XIV and his Contemporaries; as described in Extracts from the best Memoirs of the Seventeenth Century. With English Notes, Genealogical Tables, &c. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Maistre, Xavier de. Voyage autour de ma Chambre. Ourika, by Madame de Duras; La Dot de Suzette, by Fievée; Les Jumeaux de l’Hôtel Corneille, by Edmond About; Mésaventures d’un Écolier, by Rodolphe Töpffer. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Molière’s Les Fourberies de Scapin. With Voltaire’s Life of Molière. Extra fcap. 8vo. stiff covers, 1s. 6d.

Molière’s Les Fourberies de Scapin, and Racine’s Athalie. With Voltaire’s Life of Molière. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Racine’s Andromaque, and Corneille’s Le Menteur. With Louis Racine’s Life of his Father. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Regnard’s Le Joueur, and Brueys and Palaprat’s Le Grondeur. Extra fcap 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Sévigné, Madame de, and her chief Contemporaries, Selections from the Correspondence of. Intended more especially for Girls’ Schools. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Dante. Selections from the Inferno. With Introduction and Notes. By H. B. Cotterill, B.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Tasso. La Gerusalemme Liberata. Cantos i, ii. With Introduction and Notes. By the same Editor. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

V. GERMAN.

Scherer (W.). A History of German Literature. Translated from the Third German Edition by Mrs. F. Conybeare. Edited by F. Max Müller. 2 vols. 8vo. 21s. Just Published.

GERMAN COURSE.By HERMANN LANGE.

The Germans at Home; a Practical Introduction to German Conversation, with an Appendix containing the Essentials of German Grammar. Second Edition. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

The German Manual; a German Grammar, Reading Book, and a Handbook of German Conversation. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Grammar of the German Language. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

This ‘Grammar’ is a reprint of the Grammar contained in ‘The German Manual,’ and, in this separate form, is intended for the use of Students who wish to make themselves acquainted with German Grammar chiefly for the purpose of being able to read German books.

German Composition; A Theoretical and Practical Guide to the Art of Translating English Prose into German. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Lessing’s Laokoon. With Introduction, English Notes, etc. By A. Hamann, Phil. Doc., M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Schiller’s Wilhelm Tell. Translated into English Verse by E. Massie, M.A. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.

Also, Edited by C. A. BUCHHEIM, Phil. Doc.

Goethe’s Egmont. With a Life of Goethe, &c. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

— Iphigenie auf Tauris. A Drama. With a Critical Introduction and Notes. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s.

Heine’s Prosa, being Selections from his Prose Works. With English Notes, etc. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Lessing’s Minna von Barnhelm. A Comedy. With a Life of Lessing, Critical Analysis, Complete Commentary, &c. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

— Nathan der Weise. With Introduction, Notes, etc. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Schiller’s Historische Skizzen; Egmont’s Leben und Tod, and Belagerung von Antwerpen. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

— Wilhelm Tell. With a Life of Schiller; an historical and critical Introduction, Arguments, and a complete Commentary, and Map. Sixth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

— Wilhelm Tell. School Edition. With Map. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Halm’s Griseldis. In Preparation.

Modern German Reader. A Graduated Collection of Extracts in Prose and Poetry from Modern German writers:—

Part I. With English Notes, a Grammatical Appendix, and a complete Vocabulary. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Part II. With English Notes and an Index. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d. Just Published.

Part III in Preparation.

VI. MATHEMATICS, PHYSICAL SCIENCE, &c.

By LEWIS HENSLEY, M.A.

Figures made Easy: a first Arithmetic Book. (Introductory to ‘The Scholar’s Arithmetic.’) Crown 8vo. 6d.

Answers to the Examples in Figures made Easy, together with two thousand additional Examples formed from the Tables in the same, with Answers. Crown 8vo. 1s.

The Scholar’s Arithmetic: with Answers to the Examples. Crown 8vo. 4s. 6d.

The Scholar’s Algebra. An Introductory work on Algebra. Crown 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Baynes (R. E., M.A.). Lessons on Thermodynamics. 1878. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Chambers (G. F., F.R.A.S.). A Handbook of Descriptive Astronomy. Third Edition. 1877. Demy 8vo. 28s.

Clarke (Col. A. R., C.B., R.E.). Geodesy. 1880. 8vo. 12s. 6d.

Cremona (Luigi). Elements of Projective Geometry. Translated by C. Leudesdorf, M.A., 8vo. 12s. 6d.

Donkin (W. F., M.A., F.R.S.). Acoustics. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Galton (Douglas, C.B., F.R.S.). The Construction of Healthy Dwellings; namely Houses, Hospitals, Barracks, Asylums, &c. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Hamilton (Sir R. G. C.), and J. Ball. Book-keeping. New and enlarged Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. limp cloth, 2s.

Harcourt (A. G. Vernon, M.A.), and H. G. Madan, M.A. Exercises in Practical Chemistry. Vol. I. Elementary Exercises. Third Edition. Crown 8vo. 9s.

Maclaren (Archibald). A System of Physical Education: Theoretical and Practical. Extra fcap. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Madan (H. G., M.A.). Tables of Qualitative Analysis. Large 4to. paper, 4s. 6d.

Maxwell (J. Clerk, M.A., F.R.S.). A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism. Second Edition. 2 vols. Demy 8vo. 1l. 11s. 6d.

— An Elementary Treatise on Electricity. Edited by William Garnett, M.A. Demy 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Minchin (G. M., M.A.). A Treatise on Statics. Third Edition, Corrected and Enlarged. Vol. I. Equilibrium of Coplanar Forces. 8vo 9s. Just Published. Vol. II. In the Press.

— Uniplanar Kinematics of Solids and Fluids. Crown 8vo. 7s 6d.

Rolleston (G., M.D., F.R.S.). Forms of Animal Life. Illustrated by Descriptions and Drawings of Dissections. A New Edition in the Press.

Smyth. A Cycle of Celestial Objects. Observed, Reduced, and Discussed by Admiral W. H. Smyth, R. N. Revised, condensed, and greatly enlarged by G. F. Chambers, F.R.A.S. 1881. 8vo. Price reduced to 12s.

Stewart (Balfour, LL.D., F.R.S.). A Treatise on Heat, with numerous Woodcuts and Diagrams. Fourth Edition. 1881. Extra fcap. 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Story-Maskelyne (M. H. N., M.A.). Crystallography. In the Press.

Vernon-Harcourt (L. F., M.A.). A Treatise on Rivers and Canals, relating to the Control and Improvement of Rivers, and the Design, Construction, and Development of Canals. 2 vols. (Vol. I, Text. Vol. II, Plates.) 8vo. 21s.

— Harbours and Docks; their Physical Features, History, Construction, Equipment, and Maintenance; with Statistics as to their Commercial Development. 2 vols. 8vo. 25s.

Watson (H. W., M.A.). A Treatise on the Kinetic Theory of Gases. 1876. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

Watson (H. W., D. Sc., F.R.S.), and S. H. Burbury, M.A.

I. A Treatise on the Application of Generalised Coordinates to the Kinetics of a Material System. 1879. 8vo. 6s.

II. The Mathematical Theory of Electricity and Magnetism. Vol. I. Electrostatics. 8vo. 10s. 6d. Just Published.

Williamson (A. W., Phil. Doc., F.R.S.). Chemistry for Students. A new Edition, with Solutions. 1873. Extra fcap. 8vo. 8s. 6d.

VII. HISTORY.

Bluntschli (J. K.). The Theory of the State. By J. K. Bluntschli, late Professor of Political Sciences in the University of Heidelberg. Authorised English Translation from the Sixth German Edition. Demy 8vo. half-bound, 12s. 6d. Just Published.

Finlay (George, LL.D.). A History of Greece from its Conquest by the Romans to the present time, b.c. 146 to a.d. 1864. A new Edition, revised throughout, and in part re-written, with considerable additions, by the Author, and edited by H. F. Tozer, M.A. 1877. 7 vols. 8vo. 3l. 10s.

Fortescue (Sir John, Kt.). The Governance of England: otherwise called The Difference between an Absolute and a Limited Monarchy. A Revised Text. Edited, with Introduction, Notes, and Appendices, by Charles Plummer, M.A. 8vo. half-bound, 12s. 6d. Just Published.

Freeman (E.A., D.C.L.). A Short History of the Norman Conquest of England. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

— A History of Greece. In preparation.

George (H. B., M.A.). Genealogical Tables illustrative of Modern History. Second Edition, Revised and Enlarged. Small 4to. 12s.

Hodgkin (T.). Italy and her Invaders. Illustrated with Plates and Maps. Vols. I and II., a.d. 376-476. 8vo. 1l. 12s

Vols. III. and IV. The Ostrogothic Invasion, and The Imperial Restoration. 8vo. 1l. 16s. Just Published.

Kitchin (G. W., D.D.). A History of France. With numerous Maps, Plans, and Tables. In Three Volumes. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. each 10s. 6d.

Vol. 1. Down to the Year 1453.

Vol. 2. From 1453–1624.

Vol. 3. From 1624–1793.

Payne (E. J., M.A.). A History of the United States of America. In the Press.

Ranke (L. von). A History of England, principally in the Seventeenth Century. Translated by Resident Members of the University of Oxford, under the superintendence of G. W. Kitchin, D.D., and C. W. Boase, M.A. 1875. 6 vols. 8vo. 3l. 3s.

Rawlinson (George, M.A.). A Manual of Ancient History. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 14s.

Select Charters and other Illustrations of English Constitutional History, from the Earliest Times to the Reign of Edward I. Arranged and edited by W. Stubbs, D.D. Fifth Edition. 1883. Crown 8vo. 8s. 6d.

Stubbs (W., D.D.). The Constitutional History of England, in its Origin and Development. Library Edition. 3 vols. demy 8vo. 2l. 8s.

Also in 3 vols. crown 8vo. price 12s. each.

Wellesley. A Selection from the Despatches, Treaties, and other Papers of the Marquess Wellesley. K.G., during his Government of India. Edited by S. J. Owen, M.A. 1877. 8vo. 1l. 4s.

Wellington. A Selection from the Despatches, Treaties, and other Papers relating to India of Field-Marshal the Duke of Wellington, K.G. Edited by S. J. Owen, M.A. 1880. 8vo. 24s.

A History of British India. By S. J. Owen, M.A., Reader in Indian History in the University of Oxford. In preparation.

VIII. LAW.

Alberici Gentilis, I.C.D., I.C. Professoris Regii, De Iure Belli Libri Tres. Edidit Thomas Erskine Holland, I.C.D. 1877. Small 4to. half morocco, 21s.

Anson (Sir William R., Bart., D.C.L.). Principles of the English Law of Contract, and of Agency in its Relation to Contract. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Bentham (Jeremy). An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation. Crown 8vo. 6s. 6d.

Digby (Kenelm E., M.A.). An Introduction to the History of the Law of Real Property. Third Edition. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

Gaii Institutionum Juris Civilis Commentarii Quattuor; or, Elements of Roman Law by Gaius. With a Translation and Commentary by Edward Poste, M.A. Second Edition. 1875. 8vo. 18s.

Hall (W. E., M.A.). International Law. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 21s.

Holland (T. E., D.C.L.). The Elements of Jurisprudence. Second Edition. Demy 8vo. 10s. 6d.

— The European Concert in the Eastern Question, a Collection of Treaties and other Public Acts. Edited, with Introductions and Notes, by Thomas Erskine Holland, D.C.L. 8vo. 12s. 6d.

Imperatoris Iustiniani Institutionum Libri Quattuor; with Introductions, Commentary, Excursus and Translation. By J. B. Moyle, B.C.L., M.A. 2 vols. Demy 8vo. 21s.

Justinian, The Institutes of, edited as a recension of the Institutes of Gaius, by Thomas Erskine Holland, D.C.L. Second Edition, 1881. Extra fcap. 8vo. 5s.

Justinian, Select Titles from the Digest of. By T. E. Holland, D.C.L., and C. L. Shadwell, B.C.L. 8vo. 14s.

Also sold in Parts, in paper covers, as follows:—

Part I. Introductory Titles. 2s. 6d.

Part II. Family Law. 1s.

Part III. Property Law. 2s. 6d.

Part IV. Law of Obligations (No. 1). 3s. 6d.

Part IV. Law of Obligations (No. 2). 4s. 6d.

Markby (W., D.C.L.). Elements of Law considered with reference to Principles of General Jurisprudence. Third Edition. Demy 8vo. 12s.6d.

Twiss (Sir Travers, D.C.L.). The Law of Nations considered as Independent Political Communities.

Part I. On the Rights and Duties of Nations in time of Peace. A new Edition, Revised and Enlarged. 1884. Demy 8vo. 15s.

Part II. On the Rights and Duties of Nations in Time of War. Second Edition Revised. 1875. Demy 8vo. 21s.

IX. MENTAL AND MORAL PHILOSOPHY, &c.

Bacon’s Novum Organum. Edited, with English Notes, by G. W. Kitchin, D.D. 1855. 8vo. 9s. 6d.

— Translated by G. W. Kitchin, D.D. 1855. 8vo. 9s. 6d.

Berkeley. The Works of George Berkeley, D.D., formerly Bishop of Cloyne; including many of his writings hitherto unpublished. With Prefaces, Annotations, and an Account of his Life and Philosophy, by Alexander Campbell Fraser, M.A. 4 vols. 1871. 8vo. 2l. 18s.

The Life, Letters, &c. 1 vol. 16s.

— Selections from. With an Introduction and Notes. For the use of Students in the Universities. By Alexander Campbell Fraser, LL.D. Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 7s. 6d.

Fowler (T.,M.A.). The Elements of Deductive Logic, designed mainly for the use of Junior Students in the Universities. Eighth Edition, with a Collection of Examples. Extra fcap. 8vo. 3s. 6d.

— The Elements of Inductive Logic, designed mainly for the use of Students in the Universities. Fourth Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 6s.

Edited by T. FOWLER, M.A.

Bacon. Novum Organum. With Introduction, Notes, &c. 1878. 8vo. 14s.

Locke’s Conduct of the Understanding. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s.

Green (T. H., M.A.). Prolegomena to Ethics. Edited by A. C. Bradley, M.A. Demy 8vo. 12s. 6d.

Hegel. The Logic of Hegel; translated from the Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences. With Prolegomena by William Wallace, M.A. 1874. 8vo. 14s.

Lotze’s Logic, in Three Books; of Thought, of Investigation, and of Knowledge. English Translation; Edited by B. Bosanquet, M.A., Fellow of University College, Oxford. 8vo. cloth, 12s. 6d.

— Metaphysic, in Three Books; Ontology, Cosmology, and Psychology. English Translation; Edited by B. Bosanquet, M.A. 8vo. cloth, 12s. 6d.

Martineau (James, D.D.). Types of Ethical Theory. 2 vols. 8vo. 24s.

Rogers (J. E. Thorold, M.A.). A Manual of Political Economy, for the use of Schools. Third Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 4s. 6d.

Smith’s Wealth of Nations. A new Edition, with Notes, by J. E. Thorold Rogers, M.A. 2 vols. 8vo. 1880. 21s.

X. ART, &c.

Hullah (John). The Cultivation of the Speaking Voice. Second Edition. Extra fcap. 8vo. 2s. 6d.

Ouseley (Sir F. A. Gore, Bart.). A Treatise on Harmony. Third Edition. 4to. 10s.

— A Treatise on Counterpoint, Canon, and Fugue, based upon that of Cherubini. Second Edition. 4to. 16s.

— A Treatise on Musical Form and General Composition. 4to. 10s.

Robinson (J. C., F.S.A.). A Critical Account of the Drawings by Michel Angelo and Raffaello in the University Galleries, Oxford. 1870. Crown 8vo. 4s.

Ruskin (John, M.A.). A Course of Lectures on Art, delivered before the University of Oxford in Hilary Term, 1870. 8vo. 6s.

Troutbeck (J., M.A.) and R. F. Dale, M.A. A Music Primer (for Schools). Second Edition. Crown 8vo. 1s. 6d.

Tyrwhitt (R. St. J., M.A.). A Handbook of Pictorial Art. With coloured Illustrations, Photographs, and a chapter on Perspective by A. Macdonald. Second Edition. 1875. 8vo. half morocco, 18s.

Vaux (W. S. W., M.A., F.R.S.). Catalogue of the Castellani Collection of Antiquities in the University Galleries, Oxford. Crown 8vo. stiff cover, 1s.

The Oxford Bible for Teachers, containing supplementary Helps to the Study of the Bible, including Summaries of the several Books, with copious Explanatory Notes and Tables illustrative of Scripture History and the characteristics of Bible Lands; with a complete Index of Subjects, a Concordance, a Dictionary of Proper Names, and a series of Maps. Prices in various sizes and bindings from 3s. to 2l. 5s.

Helps to the Study of the Bible, taken from the Oxford Bible for Teachers, comprising Summaries of the several Books, with copious Explanatory Notes and Tables illustrative of Scripture History and the Characteristics of Bible Lands; with a complete Index of Subjects, a Concordance, a Dictionary of Proper Names, and a series of Maps. Crown 8vo. cloth, 3s. 6d.; 16mo. cloth, 1s.

LONDON: HENRY FROWDE, Oxford University Press Warehouse, Amen Corner,

OXFORD: CLARENDON PRESS DEPOSITORY, 116 High Street.

TheDelegates of the Pressinvite suggestions and advice from all persons interested in education; and will be thankful for hints, &c. addressed to theSecretary to the Delegates,Clarendon Press, Oxford.