The Online Library of Liberty

A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.

• Preface
• The First Epistle to the Thessalonians
• The Second Epistle to the Thessalonians
• The Epistle to the Galatians
• The Epistle to the Galatians
• The Epistle to the Romans
• Essay On the Abstract Ideas of the New Testament
• Essay On St. Paul and the Twelve
• Essay On St. Paul and Philo
• Religion and Theology.

RELIGION AND THEOLOGY.

The Speaker’s Commentary on the Bible. Explanatory and Critical. With a Revision of the Translation. By Bishops and Clergy of the Anglican Church. Edited by Canon Cook. Medium 8vo. Old Test.: 6 vols., 135s. New Test.: 4 vols., 94s.

The Student’s Edition of the Speaker’s Commentary on the Bible. By J. M. Fuller, M.A. 6 vols., crown 8vo, 7s. 6d. each.

Psalms of David; with Notes, Explanatory and Critical. By Dean Johnson, Canon Elliott, and Canon Cook. Extracted from the Speaker’s Commentary. Medium 8vo, 10s 6d.

The Gospel According to St. John. With Notes and Dissertations by Canon B. F. Westcott, D.D. Extracted from the Speaker’s Commentary. Medium 8vo, 10s. 6d.

St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans. With Notes and Commentary. By E. H. Gifford, D.D. Extracted from the Speaker’s Commentary. Medium 8vo, 7s. 6d.

The Apocrypha; with a Commentary, Explanatory and Critical, by various writers. Edited by Professor H. Wace, D.D. 2 vols., medium 8vo, 50s. Uniform with the Speaker’s Commentary.

The New Testament: Edited, with a short Practical Commentary, by Archdeacon Churton and Bishop Basil Jones. With 100 Illustrations. 2 vols., crown 8vo, 21s. bound.

Dictionary of the Bible: its Antiquities, Biography, Geography, and Natural History. By various Writers. Edited by Sir Wm. Smith. New and Enlarged Edition. Illustrations. 3 vols., 8vo, 4 guineas.

Concise Bible Dictionary. For the use of Students and Families. Condensed from the above. Maps and 300 Illustrations. 8vo, 21s.

Smaller Bible Dictionary; for Schools and Young Persons. Abridged from the above. Maps and Woodcuts. Crown 8vo, 7s. 6d.

Dictionary of Christian Antiquities; comprising the History, Institutions, and Antiquities of the Christian Church. Edited by Sir Wm. Smith and Archdeacon Cheetham. Illustrations. 2 vols., 8vo, 3l. 13s. 6d.

Church Dictionary. By Dean Hook. A new edition thoroughly revised. Medium 8vo, 21s.

JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET, LONDON.

Dictionary of Christian Biography, Literature, Sects, and Doctrines; from the Times of the Apostles to the Age of Charlemagne. Edited by Sir Wm. Smith and H. Wace, D.D. Vols. I, II, and III. 8vo, 31s. 6d. each. Vol. IV. 8vo, 42s.

The Great Enigma. 1. The Twilight of the Gods. 2. Atheism. 3. Critical Agnosticism. 4. Scientific Agnosticism. 5. Rational Theism. 6. The Inner Light. 7. The Christian Synthesis. By W. S. Lilly. 8vo, 14s.

An Introduction to the Study of the New Testament, and an Investigation into Modern Biblical Criticism. By Geo. Salmon, D.D. Crown 8vo, 9s.

Lectures on the Infallibility of the Church. By George Salmon, D.D. Post 8vo, 9s.

A Dictionary of Hymnology: A Companion to existing Hymn Books. Setting forth the Origin and History of the Hymns in the most popular Hymnals, together with Biographical Notices of their Authors and Translators, and their Sources and Origins. By Rev. John Julian, D.D. Medium 8vo, 42s.

Some of the Chief Facts in the Life of our Lord; and the Authority of the Evangelical Narratives. Lectures preached in St. James’s, Westminster. By Henry Wace, D.D. Crown 8vo, 6s.

Christianity and Morality. Boyle Lectures for 1874 and 1875. By Henry Wace, D.D. Seventh Edition. Crown 8vo, 6s.

The Foundations of Faith, being the Bampton Lectures for 1879. By Henry Wace, D.D. 8vo, 7s. 6d.

The Foundations of the Creed. Being a Discussion of the Grounds upon which the Articles of the Apostles’ Creed may be held by Earnest and Thoughtful Minds in the Nineteenth Century. By the Very Rev. H. Goodwin, late Bishop of Carlisle. 8vo, 14s.

History of the Christian Church from the Apostolic Age to the Reformation, a.d. 64–1517. By Canon Robertson. 8 vols., post 8vo, 6s. each.

Undesigned Scriptural Coincidences in the Old and New Testaments: a Test of their Veracity. By Rev. J. J. Blunt. Post 8vo, 6s.

History of the Christian Church in the First Three Centuries. By Rev. J. J. Blunt. Post 8vo, 6s.

The Parish Priest: His Duties, Acquirements, and Obligations. By Rev. J. J. Blunt. Post 8vo, 6s.

The Psalter of 1539: A Landmark of English Literature. Comprising the Text, in Black Letter Type. With Notes by Prof. John Earle. 8vo, 16s.

[12–21.]Various expedients have been proposed for completing the construction: First, The device of a parenthesis extending from ver. 13 to ver. 18: the last expedient which should be resorted to in a writer so irregular in his syntax as the Apostle. Secondly, The missing apodosis has been sought for in ver. 12 itself, either in the words διὰ τη̂ς ἁμαρτίας ὁ θάνατος, or in the clause which follows, either:—

‘As by one man sin entered into the world;’

‘Death also came by sin:’ or,

‘As by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin;’

‘Even so death came upon all men.’

Both these explanations, however, do violence to the language in the meaning which they give to καὶ — καὶ οὕτως, and are also inconsistent with the general drift of the passage, which is not to show that ‘as sin came into the world,’ death followed in its train, but that ‘as in Adam all died, even so in Christ shall all be made alive.’

If, disregarding the grammar, we look only to the sense, the missing apodosis is easily supplied both from what has preceded, and from what follows: ‘Therefore we receive reconciliation by Jesus Christ, as by one man sin entered into the world.’ Comp. δι’ οὑ̑ and δι’ ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου, in the 11th and 12th verses. It is further hinted at in the words ὅς ἐστι τύπος τονˆ μέλλοντος at the end of the 14th verse; it is indirectly supplied in ver. 15 and involved in the whole remainder of the chapter.

Admitting the irregularity of the construction, let us dismiss the grammar to follow the thought. The Apostle is about to speak of Adam, the type of sin, as Christ is the type of righteousness. The sin of Adam is he sin of man, as the righteousness of Christ is the righteousness of man. But how is the fact of sin reconcilable with the previous statements of the Apostle: ‘Where there is no law there is no transgression’? Such is the doubt which seems to cross the Apostle’s mind, which he answers; first, by saying, that there ‘was sin in the world before the giving of the law’ (though he had said before, ‘where there is no law there is no transgression’), and then, as if aware of his apparent inconsistency, he softens his former expression into — ‘sin is not imputed where there is no law.’ An indirect answer is also supplied by the verse that follows:—‘Howbeit death reigned from Adam to Moses,’ i. e. men died before the time of Moses, and therefore they must have sinned.

The difficulty of this as of some other passages (Rom. iii. 1-8; ix. 19-23) arises out of the conflict of opposite thoughts in the Apostle’s mind. Suppose him to have said, ‘As by one man sin entered into the world and death by sin (for this is possible though there was no law—when I said, where no law is, there is no transgression. I meant that sin is not imputed, but that it exists is proved by the fact of death reigning over all before the time of Moses). But long before we have arrived at this point the thread of the main sentence has been lost. The Apostle makes an attempt to recover it in the words in v. 14 ὅς ἐστι τύπος τονˆ μέλλοντος, and more regularly repeats the parallel in vers. 15, 17.