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REFERENCES - Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Ethics, vol. 1 [1897]

Edition used:

The Principles of Ethics, introduction by Tibor R. Machan (Indianapolis: LibertyClassics, 1978). Vol. 1.

Part of: The Principles of Ethics, 2 vols.

About Liberty Fund:

Liberty Fund, Inc. is a private, educational foundation established to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.


REFERENCES

To find the authority for any statement in the text, the reader is to proceed as follows: Observing the number of the section in which the statement occurs, he will first look out, in the following pages, the corresponding number, which is printed in conspicuous type. Among the references succeeding this number, he will then look for the name of the person, tribe, people, or nation concerning which the statement is made (the names in the references standing in the same order as that which they have in the text); and that it may more readily catch the eye, each such name is printed in italics. In the parentheses following the name, will be found the volume and page of the work referred to, preceded by the first three or four letters of the author’s name; and when more than one of his works has been used, the first three or four letters of the title of the one containing the particular statement. The meanings of these abbreviations, employed to save the space that would be occupied by frequent repetitions of full titles, is shown at the end of the references; where will be found arranged in alphabetical order, these initial syllables of authors’ names, &c., and opposite to them the full titles of the works referred to.

References To Volume I

13. Aristotle (Arist. Nicom. Ethics, I, 7; Ib. I, 8, Gillies’ translation).

14. Hutcheson (Hutch, ch. IV).

14.* Blessed (Matthew v. 7, 9; Psalms xli. 1).

18. Dymond (Dym. pref. ix; ch. II).

52. Bodo and Dhimals (J.A.S.B. xviii, 741).

60. Plato (Pla. Rep., Davies and Vaughan’s trans. xxix)—Aristotle (Arist. Nic. Eth. I, 8; Ib. X, 7)—Jews (Psalms xvii. 2)—Early Christians (Collossians iv. 1)—Aristolle (Arist. Nic. Eth. V, 1).

74. "Love thy neighbor" (Leviticus xix. 18).

89. Kant (Kant, 54–5).

106. Socrates (Xen. Mem. III, 9)—Plato (Grote, Plato, i, 420, 479)—Aristotle (Arist. Nic. Eth. III, 4, Williams’ trans.)—Stoics (Zeller, The Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics, translated by Reichel, pp. 253–4)—Epicurus (Zeller, 456)—Kant (Kant, 54–5).

112. Veddahs (Bailey in T.E.S.L. n.s. ii, 302)—Zulus (Call. pt. ii, 146–7)—Australians (Smyth, i, 107)— Tongans (Mar. ii, 100)—Gold Coast (Ellis, T-S.P. 11)—Anc. Mexicans (Zur. 138–141)— Hebrews (Schenk, v 431; Bruch, 368; Fritz. v, xxxiv)—Rig-Veda (R.V. i, 33, 4, 5; vi, 14, 3; x, 81, 7; iv, 17, 16)—Rameses (R.P. ii, 70)—Chryses (Hom. “Iliad,” Lang, bk. i, 2)—Med. Europe (Brace, 230).

113. Assyrians (R.P n.s. iv, 56; R.P. v, 8; xi, 49; ix, 42)—Egyptians (R.P. ii, 70–72).

114. Karens (Mason in J.A.S.B., xxxvii, Pt. ii, 143)—Dakotas (Scho. iv, 70)—Iroquois (Morg. 119)—Anc. Indians (Maha. xiii, 3880; Bhàravi, in Wil. 459; Cural, in Con. 220)—Chinese (Alex. 117, 254–5)—Egyptians (Renouf, 72).

115. Bp. of Durham (Herald of Peace, Dec. 1890)—L. Cranbrook (Standard, July 12, 1889)—Dr Moorhouse (Manchester Examiner, May 14, 1887)—German Emperor (Daily Papers, June 18, 1888).

116. Malagasy (Drury, 192)—Hebrews (Bruch, 311)—Egyptians (Poole in Cont. Rev. Aug. 1881, p. 286)—Mill (Mill, 124).

117. Otaheitans (Hawke. ii, 101–2)—Anc. Indians (Maha. iii, 1124, etc.)—Ramayana (Rich. 149)—Chinese (Edkins, 85, 179).

120. Arabs (Palg. 10–11)—Russians (Niemo. ii, 167)—Matelhapces (Licht. ii, 306)—Arabs (Baker, 263)—Makololo (Liv. Zamb. 285)—Eq. Africans (Reade, 260)— Araucanians (Smith, 214)—Chinooks (Lewis & C. 439)—Chukchi (Erm. ii, 530, note)— Mahabharata (Wheel. i, 121)—French (Leber, xiii, 10–11)—Patagonians (Falk. 125)— Dakotas (Irving, 134)—Esquimaux (Crantz, i, 154)—Caffers (Thomp. ii, 354)—Mayorunas (Reade, 158)—Bambarans (Caillié, i, 398)—Wa-kavirondo (Thom. 487)—Arabs (Peth. 151)—Khonds (Macpherson in Perc. 345)—Tahitians (Cooke in Hawke. ii, 203)—Vateans (Turn. "P.R." 450)—Fijians (Wilkes, iii, 100).

121. Innuits (Hall, ii, 315)—Ancient Peru- vians (Garci. bk. ii, ch. 12).

126. Bushmen (Liv. “Miss. Trav.” 159)—Uganda (Wils. & Fel. i, 224)—Bedouins (Burt. "Pilg." iii, 66–7)—Kukis (Rown. I87)—Pathans (Temp. "Rep." 63).

127. Ancient Indians (R.V. i, 74; vii, 6, 2; vii, 32, 7; Maha. xii, 5290; v. 5617)—Assyrians (R.P. i, 49, 78; v, 9; Ib. n.s. ii, 137, 143, 153; iv 61)—Sucvi (Caesar, iv 2; vi, 21)—Mottoes (Various Peerages)—Wolseley (Wolse. 5).

128. Ancient Indians (Maha. xiii, 5571, in Wil. 448; Jones, Works, iii, 242)—Persians (Sadi, i, st. 33; ii, st. 4)—Chinese (Lao-Tsze, xxxi; Conf. Anal. xii, 19; Mencius, bk. i, pt. i, ch. 6; Ib. iv, i, 14)—Sumatrans (Mars. 173)—Thârus (NesfieId in Calc. Rev. 1885, lxxx, 41)—Iroquois (Morg. 92, 330).

129. Fijians (Ersk. 247; Will. i, 218, 246–7)—Waganda (Wils. & Fel. i, 201)— Charlemagne (Hallam, 16).

131. Comanches (Möll. i, 185)—Patagonians (Snow, ii, 233)—E. Africans (Liv. "Miss. Trav." 526)—Kalmucks (Pallas, i, 105)—Kirghis (Atkin. "Amoor," 206; Ib. Sib. 506)—Merv Turcomans (O’Don. ii, 407, 278)—Pathans (Temp. "Rep." 62)—Afridi (Rown. 123–4)—Kukis (Dalt. 45)—Mongols (Gil. 273)—Angamis (Stewart, in J.A.S.B. xxiv, 652)—Chinooks (Waitz, iii, 337)—Waganda (Wils. & Fel. i, 224)—Fijians (Will. i, 127).

132. Vishnu (R.V. i, 61,7)—Tvashtri & Indra (Muir, O.S.T. v, 229; Wheel. i, 244)—Norse (Dasent, xxxiv)—Prim. Germans (Caesar vi, 21)—French (Ste. Pal. ii, 47)—Thirty Years’ War (Gind. ii, 393–7).

133. Wood-Veddahs (Hartshorne in Fort. Rev. Mar. 1876, p. 416)—Esquimaux (King in J.E.S. 1848, i, 131)—Fuegians (Darwin in Fitz. iii, 242; Snow, i, 328)—New Guinea (Macgil, i, 270, Earl, 80)—Lette

(Kolff, 61)—Vera Cruz Indians (Baker in P.R.G.S. Sept. 1887, p. 571)—Thârus (Nesfield in Calc. Rev. lxxx, 1, 41)—Iroquois (Morg. 333).

135. Australians (Grey, ii, 240)—Sioux (Burt. C.S. 125)—Guiana (Schom. i, 158)—Fijians (Will. i, 186)—New Zealanders (Thoms. ii, 86)—Kukis (Macrae in As. Res. vii, 189)—Arabs (Peth. 27)—E. Africans (Burt. C.A. ii, 329)—Japanese (Dening, pt. ii, 81)—Anc. Indians (R.V. x, 87; vii, 104; Wheel. i, 287–8, 290).

136. Anc. Indians (Manu, ii, 161; vi, 47–8, in Wil. 283; Cural, in Con. 427)—Persians (Con. 226; Sadi, ii, st. 41; Hafiz, in Jones, iii, 244)—Chinese (Lao-Tsze, lxiii; Mendus, bk. v, pt. i, ch. iii; Conf. Anal. xiv 36).

137. Lepchas (Campbell in J.E.S.L. July, 1869, pp. 150–1).

139. Philip. Islands (Fore. 213)— Quianganes (P.S.M. July 1891, p. 390)—Arabs (Burck. 84–5).

140. Guiana (Im Thurn, 213–4).

141. Anc. Indians (Wheel. i, 102, 103 note)—Todas (Shortt in T.E.S.L. n.s. vii, 241)—Bodo & Dhimáls (J.A.S.B. xviii, pt. ii, 744)—Hos (Hayes in Dalt. 194)—Pueblos (Ban. i, 555, 547)—Manansas (Holub, ii, 206–11)—Thârus (Nesfield in Calc. Rev. lxxx, 41)—Let-htas (Fytche, i, 343).

144. Arabs (Palg. i, 37)—Kirghiz (Atkin. Sib. 506)—E. Africans (Burt. C.A. ii, 274)—Fijians (Wilkes, iii, 77; Jackson, in Ersk. 460)—Ainos (Bird, ii, 101)—Australians (T.E.S.L. n.s. iii, 246)—Samoans (Jackson, in Ersk. 415)—Kaffirs (Licht. i, 272)—Africans (Wint. i, 213)—N. American Indians (Morg. 327)—NewZealand- ers (Angas, ii, 22; Thoms. i, 191, 98)—St. AugustineIsland (Turn. Samoa, 292–3).

145. Bushmen (Burch. ii, 54)—Hottentots (Burch. ii, 349; Kolben, i, 165)—EastAfricans (Liv “Miss. Trav.” 601)—Loango (Proyart in Pink. xvi, 565)—Australians (T.E.S.L. n.s. iii, 271)—Sand. Islanders (Van. iii, 21)—Guiana (Brett, 276)—Thibet (Bogle, 110).

146. Australians (Eyre, i, 278; Sturt, i, 114; ii, 105)—Tasmanians (Mered. i, 201)—Tongans (Mar. i, 228).

147. Anc. Indians (R.V. x, 107, 2, 5, &c.; Manu, iii, 105, 106; iv 29; iii, 98)—Apastamba (Bühler, 114, 119)—Persians (Shâyast, xii, 4, in West, 341; Sadi, viii, 60; Ib. viii, 2)—Chinese (Conf. Anal. vi, 28; viii, 11; x, 15).

148. EarlyGermans (Tac. Germ. xxi)—Christians (Lecky, ii, 93; Browne, pt. ii, sec. 2).

149. NewZealanders (Angas, i, 312; Cook in Hawke. iii, 447; Thoms. i, 149)—East Africans (Burt. C.A. ii, 333)—Fijians (Will. i, 55, 133)—Dacotas (Burt. C.S. 124–5)—Nagas (Butler, 58)—Steins (Colq. Shans, 160)—Chrysê (Colq. Chrysê ii, 120, 268)—Malayan Tribes (Favre, 97–100, 8, 73, 72, 100–2)—Arafuras (Kolff, 161–3).

150. Bushmen (Moffat, 58; Licht. ii, 195; Moffat, 156)—Hottentots (Kolben, i, 332, 165, 142, 318)—Dyaks (Boyle, 223.)

151. Karens (Mason in J.A.S.B. xxxvii, pt. ii, 144)—Honduras (Herr. iv 141)— Loando (Monte, i, 244)—Dahomans (Burt. "Miss." i, 195, note; Ib. ii, 190, note)— Ashantees (Burt. W. & W. 121, 128)—Damaras (Baines, 243; Galt. 190)—Dahomans (Burt. "Miss." i, 345)—Marutse (Holub, ii, 297)—West Africans (Wolseley in Fort. Rev. Dec. 1888)—Prairie Indians (Burt. C.S. 124–5)—Comanches (Bollaert in J.E.S. 1850, ii, 269).

152. Greeks (Grote, ii, 32).

153. Veddahs (Tenn. ii, 445)—Tannese (Turn. "P.R." 92)—Papuans (Jukes, ii, 248)—Dyaks (Boyle, 215)—Malagasy (Drury 230)—Esquimaux (Hall, ii, 312)—Iroquois (Morg. 171)—Chippewas (Scho. ii, 139)—Araucanians (Thomps. i, 416, 403)—Mandingos (Park in Pink. xvi, 871)—Luan (Kolff, 127).

154. Anc. Indians (Maha. iii, 16782, 16796, 16619, &c.)—Zend-Avesta (Haug, 242)—Persians (Sadi, i, st. 10)—Egyptians (Dunck. i, 203; Poole in Cont. Rev. Aug. 1881, p. 287)—Chinese (Legge, R. of Ch. 224, Conf. D. of Mean, ch. xx, Mencius. bk. ii, pt. i, ch. 6; bk. i, pt. i, ch. 7).

155. Karens (Mason in J.A.S.B. xxxvii, pt. ii, 152)—Afridis (MacGreg. i, 27)— Fijians (Will. i, 128–9)—Veddahs (Tenn. ii, 444; Prid. 460).

157. Dakotas (Burt. C.S. 130)—Mishmis (Grif. 40)—Kirghiz (Vali. 279)—Fijians (Will. i, 124)—Uganda (Wils. & Fel. i, 224)—Cent. Americans (Laet, bk. ix, ch. 2; Dun. 336)—Philip. Islands (Fore, 186–7).

158. Greeks (Mahaf. 27, 150)—Merovingian Period (Mart. ii, 709; Salv. iv, c. 14)—Early Feudal Period (Mart. ii, 709)—French Monarchy (Crowe, ii, 201)—Lecky (Lecky i, 138).

159. Kois (Morris, 89)—Sowrahs (Shortt, pt. iii, 38)—Cent. Indians (Fors. 164)—Ramosis (Sinclair in I.A. July, 1874, 186)—Sontháls (Sherwill in J.A.S.B. xx, 554; Man, 21)—Puluyan (Oppert in M.J.L.S. 1887–8, p. 104)—Wood-Veddahs (Bailey in T.E.S.L. n.s. ii, 291)—Ostiaks, &c. (Rev Sib. ii, 130)—Hottentots (Barrow, i, 101; Kolben, i, 59)—Iroquois (Morg. 335)—Patagonians (Snow, ii, 233)—Khonds (Macpherson in J.R.A.S. vii, 196)—Kolîs (Sinclair, in I.A. July, 1874, p. 188)—Khonds (Macph. Report, 27).

160. Mexicans (Tern. v, 102)—E. Africans (Liv. Zamb. 309)—Egyptians (St. John, 77)—France (Mich. i, 341)—English (Kirkus in Fort. Rev. Nov. 1866, p. 644).

162. Araucanians (Smith, 201)—Arawaks (Hillhouse in J.R.G.S. ii, 229)— Dakotas (Burt. C.S. 131)—E. Africans (Burt, C.A. ii, 333)—Bedouins (Burck. 201, 56)— Chippewayans (Hear. 345)—Kamtschadales (Kotze. ii, 16)—Dakotas (Burt. C.S. 131)— Fijians, Will. i, l77)—Hottentots (Kolben, i, 123)—Zulus (Thomp. ii, 418)—Karens (Ma- son in J.A.S.B. xxxvii, pt. ii, 144)—Esquimaux (Hall, ii, 314).

163. Assyrians (Smith, 14)—Hindus (Müller, H.L. 333–4)—Chinese (Conf. Anal. i, 2; Edkins, 155; Legge, R. of Ch. 104)—Egypt (Poole in Cont. Rev. Aug. 1881, p. 286).

164. Khonds (Rown. 101)— Bhils (Hunter in J.R.A.S. viii, 189; Mal. C.I. ii, 180)—Kalmucks (Pallas, i, 106)—Sgaus (Mason in J.A.S.B. xxxv, pt. ii, 12)—Chinese (Conf. Anal. I, 7; X, 4)—Persians (Sadi, i, st. 28, 31; Ib. I, 25)—Anc. Indians (Manu, vii, 8)—Egyptians (R.P n.s. iii, 21; Dunck. i, 184)—Mottoes (Burke’s & Debrett’s Peerages).

165. Mexicans (Herr. iii, 203; Tern. ii, 195; Herr. iv, 126)—Fijians (Ersk. 208, 456; Will. i, 30)—Dahomans (Ellis, E.-S.P. 162–3; Dalzel, 69; Ellis, l.c.)—Frederick II (Gould, ii, 302)—France.

168. Chippewas (Scho. v, 150)—Snakes (Lewis, 308)—Dakotas (Burt. C.S. 126)—Iroquois (Morg. 329)—Esquimaux (Crantz, i, 154)—Chippewayans (Hear. 90)—Guiana Tribes (Brett. 27)—Araucanians (Smith, 214)—Chippewayans (Frank. Journey, 161)—Greeks (Scho. v, 272)—Tupis (Sou. i, 250)—Palagonians (Falk. 125)—Hottentots (Kolben, i, 159)—Bechuanas (Burch. ii, 564)—Kaffirs (Shoo. 79)—Ashanti (Beech. 129)—FernandoPo (J.E.S. 1850, ii, 114)— Lower Niger (Allen & T. i, 396)—Chinooks (Ross, Oregon, 92)—Damaras (And. Ngami, 231)—Congo (Tuck. 120)—Dahome (Burt. "Miss." ii, 248)—Mishmees (Coop. 207)— Bushmen (Spar. i, 198)—Arabs (Niebuhr, in Pink. x, 131)—E. Africans (Liv. Zamb. 67)—Abyssinia (Bruce, iv, 474)—Canaris (Cieza, ch. 44).

169. Khonds (Camp. 50)— Javans (Raf. i, 246)—Caribs (Schom. ii, 427–8)—S.E. India (Lew. 90–1)—Santals (Sher- will in J.A.S.B. xx, 554).

170. Manu (Manu iv, 238, in Wil. 285)—Book of the Dead (Bunsen, v, 254–5)—Persians (Alb. 21; Fram. 48).

171. Greeks (Arist. Pol. bk. iii, ch. 5).

172. Manansas (Holub, ii, 211).

173. Confucius (Anal. I. 14; VIII. 21).

174. Australians (Grey ii, 277–8; Christison in J.A.I. vii, 148)—Esquimaux (Lyon, 181–2)—Yakuts, etc. (Coch. i, 254; Wrang. 384; Erm. ii, 361).

175. Tahitians (Cook in Hawke. ii, 202)—Arabs (Palg. i, 10)—Ancients (Manu, ii, 57; Muir, O.S.T. v. 324)— Egyptians (Dunck. i, 225).

176. Arafuras (Kolff, 161)—Ancient Indiansand Greeks (Mül- ler, R.V. i, 118; Muir, O.S.T. v, 260)—Dahomans (Burt. "Miss." ii, 250)—Ainos (Bird, ii, 96, 102)—Polynesians (Will. i, 141–5)—Ainos (Bird, ii, 68).

177. Kalmucks (Pallas, i, 131)—Khonds (Camp. l64)—Guiana (Brett, 349)—Guatemalans (Haef. 406)—Peruvians (Garci. bk. vi, ch. 22)—Yucatanese (Landa, secs. xxii, xxxii)—Mexicans (Saha. bk. i, ch. 22)—Veddahs (Bailey in T.E.S.L. n.s. ii, 291)—Lepchas (Campbell in J.E.S.L. July, 1869, p. 147)—Sumatrans (Mars. 173)—Foolas etc. (Wint. i, 72)—Negroes (Waitz, ii, 86).

178. Gauls (Diod. v, 2)—Prim. Germans (Tac. xxii)—Eonius (Greg. v, 41)— Charlemagne (Egin. ch. 24)—French (Mont. ii, 14)—English (Massey, ii, 60).

179. Asiatics (Balf. i, 164)—Bedouins (Burt. Pilg. iii, 93).

180. Kasias (Yule in J.A.S.B. xiii, 620)—Cyrus (Pluto. Symp. lib. I. qu. iv).

181. Thibet (Wilson, 235).

182. Early Indians (Wheel. i, 131–6, 142; Maha. v, 14667, &c.)—Lad~ khis (Drew, 287 239, 240 250)—Ancient Indians (Muir, O.S.T. iv, 41; v, 324; Maha. i, 47l9–22, in Muir, O.S.T. ii, 336).

183. Chinooks (Lewis, 439; Ross, 92)—Sioux (Lewis, 77)—Creeks (Scho. v, 272)—Tupis (Sou. i, 241)—Caribs (Waitz, iii, 382)—Esquimaux (Lubb. 556)— Chippewayans (Hear. 129)—Dakotas (Burt. C.S. 142)—Nicaragua (Pala. 120; Herr. iii, 340–1)—Kamtschadales &c. (Ploss, i, 293)—Kalmucks (Pallas, i, 105)—Kirghizes (Vali. 85)—Mongols (Prjev. i, 70)—Karens (Masons in J.A.S.B. xxxv, pt. ii, 19)—Todas (Shortt in T.E.S.L. vii, 240)—Shoa (Harris, iii, 167)—Upper Congo (Tuck. 181)—Bushmen (Licht. ii, 48–9)—Ladrone Isl. (Frey. ii, 369)—Pelew Isl. (Kubary 50–l)—Mandans (Cat. i, 121)— Chippewas (Keat. ii, 165)—Kaffirs (Barrow, i, 160)—Tongans (Mar. ii, 161)—Sumatrans (Mars. 222)—Borneo (Low, 300)—Dory (Kops in Earl, 81)—Loyalty Isl. (Ersk. 341)— Fuegians (Snow in T.E.S.L. i, 262)—Musheras (Càlc. Rev. April, 1888, p. 222)—Bodo & Dhimáls (Hodgson in J.A.S.B. xviii, 719)—Santals (Dalt. 217)—Veddahs (Virchow in A.k.A.W. 1881, 21)—Australians (Tap. 19)—Fijians (Ersk. 255; Sec. 191–2)—Tahitians (Cook in Hawke. ii, 196, 188).

184. Wotyaks (Buch, 45)—Chibchas (Simon, 254)— Japanese (Dixon, 472–3).

186. Tahitians (Cook in Hawke. ii, 186)—Dahomans (Burt. "Miss." i, 83)—E. Africans (Burt. C.A. ii, 332).

187. Ku-ka-tha (Tap. 101, 94, 95, 93).

190. Patháns (Oliv. 139–40)—Fijians (Ersk. 461–4)—Australians (Grey ii, 239)— Fijians (Ersk. 228)—Bilochs (Oliv. 29)—Bantyre (MacDon. i, 185)—Wotyaks (Buch, 46).

191. Bilochs (Oliv. 24)—Ainos (Bird, ii, 103)—Let-htas (Fytche, i, 343).

192. Wolseley (Wolse. 5; Debrett).

239. Uganda (Wils. and Fel. i, l86–7)—Fijians (See. 190)—Motu-Motu (Chalm. 162–3).

242. Mean (I.G. Smith, 57).

Titles of Works

A.k.A.W.—Abhandlungen der Königlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Berlin.

Alb.—Albitis (F.) The Morality of All Nations. 1850.

Alex.—Alexander (G.G.) Confucius, the Great Teacher. 1890.

Allen.—Allen (Wm.) and Thomson (T.R.H.) A Narrative of the Expedition to the River Niger in 1841. 2 vols. 1848.

And.—Andersson (C.J.) Lake Ngami. 1856.

Angas.—Angas (G.F) Savage Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand. 1847.

Arist.—Aristotle’s Politics.

Arist.—Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics.

As. Res—-Asiatic Researches.

Atkin.—Atkinson (T.W.) Oriental and Western Siberia. 1858.

Atkin.—Atkinson (T.W.) Travels in the Regions of the Upper and Lower Amoor, etc. 1860.

Baines.—Baines (T.) Explorations in South-West Africa. 1864.

Baker.—Baker (Sir S.) The Nile Tributaries of Abyssinia. 1867.

Balf.—Balfour (E.) Cyclopoedia of India. 3rd Ed. 3 vols. 1875.

Ban.—Bancroft (H.H.) Native Races of the Pacific States of North America. 5 vols. 1875.

Barrow.—Barrow (Sir J.) Travels into the Interior of Southern Africa.

Beech.—Beecham (J.) Ashantee and the Gold Coast. 1841.

Bird.—Bird (Isabella) Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. 2 vols. 1880.

Bogle.—Bogle, Narratives of the Mission of George Bogle to Thibet, &c. Ed. C.R. Markham. 1876.

Boyle.—Boyle (F.) Adventures among the Dyaks of Borneo. 1865.

Brace.—Brace (C.L.) Gesta Christi. 2nd Ed. 1886.

Brett.—Brett (Rev. W.H.) The Indian Tribes of Guiana. 1868.

Browne.—Browne (Sir T.) Religio Medici. 1656.

Bruce.—Bruce (J.) Travels to Discover the Source of the Nile. 1804.

Bruch.—Bruch (J. Fr.) Weisheitslehre der Hebräer. Strassburg, 1851.

Buch.—Buch (M.) Die Wotjäken. Helsingfors, 1882.

Bühler.—Bühler (G.) The Sacred Laws of the Aryas. Oxf.

Bunsen.—Bunsen (Baron C.C.J.) Egypt’s Place in Universal History. Trans. by C.H. Cottrell. 5 vols. 1848–67.

Burch.—Burchell (W.J.) Travels in the Interior of Southern Africa. 2 vols. 1822–4. 4 to.

Burck.—Burckhardt (J.L.) Notes on the Bedouins and Wahábys. 1829. 4 to.

Burt.—Burton (R.F.) The City of the Saints, &c. 1861.

Burt.—Burton (R.F.) The Lake Regions of Central Africa. 2 vols. 1860.

Burt.—Burton (R.F.) A Mission to Gelele, King of Dahome. 1864.

Burt.—Burton (R.F.) Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah. 3 vols. 1855, etc.

Burt.—Burton (R.F.) Wit and Wisdom from West Africa. 1865.

Butler.—Butler (Maj. J.) Travels and Adventures in the Province of Assam. 1855.

Caesar.—Caesar (C. Jul.) Commentarii de Bello Gallico.

Caillié.—Caillié (Réné) Travels through Central Africa to Timbuctoo. 2 vols.

Calc. Rev.—TheCalcutta Review.

Call.—Callaway (Rev. H.) The Religious System of the Amazulu. 3 Parts. Natal, 1869.

Camp.—Campbell (Maj.-Gen. J.) A Personal Narrative of Thirteen Years’ Service amongst the Wild Tribes of Khondistan. 1864.

Cat.—Catlin (G.) Letters and Notes on the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians. 2 vols. 1841.

Chalm.—Chalmers (J.) Pioneering in New Guinea. 1887.

Cieza.—Cieza de Leon (P. de) Travels, A.D. 1532–50. Trans. by C.R. Markham. 1864.

Coch.—Cochrane (J.D.) A Narrative of a Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary. 4th Ed. 2 vols. 1825.

Colq. —Colquhoun (A.R.) Across Chrysê. 2 vols. 1883.

Colq. —Colquhoun (A.R.) Among the Shans.

Con. —Conway (M.D.) The Sacred Anthology. 1874.

Conf. —Confucius, The Analects and The Doctrine of the Mean. (In Legge’s ChineseClassics. Vol. I.)

Cont. Rev.—The Contemporary Review.

Coop. —Cooper (T.T.) The Mishmee Hills. 1873.

Crantz. —Crantz (D.) History of Greenland. Translated. 2 vols. 1820.

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