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Front Page  Titles (by Subject) Part I, Chapter VII: The Labour of the Husbandman is of less Value than that of the Handicrafts-Man - Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général
Part I, Chapter VII: The Labour of the Husbandman is of less Value than that of the Handicrafts-Man - Richard Cantillon, Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général [1755]Edition used:Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en General, edited with an English translation and other material by Henry Higgs, C.B. Reissued for The Royal Economic Society by Frank Cass and Co., LTD., London. 1959.
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- Introduction, By Henry Higgs
- Previous Editions, By Henry Higgs
- Essay On the Nature of Trade In General
- Part One
- Part I, Chapter I: Of Wealth
- Part I, Chapter II: Of Human Societies
- Part I, Chapter III: Of Villages
- Part I, Chapter IV: Of Market Towns
- Part I, Chapter V: Of Cities
- Part I, Chapter VI: Of Capital Cities
- Part I, Chapter VII: The Labour of the Husbandman Is of Less Value Than That of the Handicrafts-man
- Part I, Chapter VIII: Some Handicrafts-men Earn More, Others Less, According to the Different Cases and Circumstances
- Part I, Chapter IX: The Number of Labourers, Handicraftsmen and Others, Who Work In a State Is Naturally Proportioned to the Demand For Them
- Part I, Chapter X: The Price and Intrinsic Value of a Thing In General Is the Measure of the Land and Labour Which Enter Into Its Production
- Part I, Chapter XI: Of the Par Or Relation Between the Value of Land and Labour
- Part I, Chapter XII: All Classes and Individuals In a State Subsist Or Are Enriched At the Expense of the Proprietors of Land
- Part I, Chapter XIII: The Circulation and Exchange of Goods and Merchandise As Well As Their Production Are Carried On In Europe By Undertakers, and At a Risk
- Part I, Chapter XIV: The Fancies, the Fashions, and the Modes of Living of the Prince, and Especially of the Landowners, Determine the Use to Which Land Is Put In a State and Cause the Variations In the Market-prices of All Things
- Part I, Chapter XV: The Increase and Decrease of the Number of People In a State Chiefly Depend On the Taste, the Fashions, and the Modes of Living of the Proprietors of Land
- Part I, Chapter XVI: The More Labour There Is In a State the More Naturally Rich the State Is Esteemed
- Part I, Chapter XVII: Of Metals and Money, and Especially of Gold and Silver
- Part Two
- Part Ii, Chapter I: Of Barter
- Part Ii, Chapter II: Of Market Prices
- Part Ii, Chapter III: Of the Circulation of Money
- Part Ii, Chapter IV: Of Further Reflection On the Rapidity Or Slowness of the Circulation of Money In Exchange
- Part Ii, Chapter V: Of the Inequality of the Circulation of Hard Money In a State
- Part Ii, Chapter VI: Of the Increase and Decrease In the Quantity of Hard Money In a State
- Part Ii, Chapter VII: Continuation of the Same Subject
- Part Ii, Chapter VIII: Further Reflection On the Same Subject
- Part Ii, Chapter IX: Of the Interest of Money and Its Causes
- Part Ii, Chapter X: Of the Causes of the Increase and Decrease of the Interest of Money In a State
- Part Three
- Part Iii, Chapter I: Of Foreign Trade
- Part Iii, Chapter II: Of the Exchanges and Their Nature
- Part Iii, Chapter III: Further Explanations of the Nature of the Exchanges
- Part Iii, Chapter IV: Of the Variations In the Proportion of Values With Regard to the Metals Which Serve As Money
- Part Iii, Chapter V: Of the Augmentation and Diminution of Coin In Denomination
- Part Iii, Chapter VI: Of Banks and Their Credit
- Part Iii, Chapter VII: Further Explanations and Enquiries As to the Utility of a National Bank
- Part Iii, Chapter VIII: Of the Refinements of Credit of General Banks
- Richard Cantillon and the Nationality of Political Economy, By W. Stanley Jevons
- Life and Work of Richard Cantillon, By Henry Higgs
- Appendix a
- Appendix B: Bibliography
Part I, Chapter VII
The Labour of the Husbandman is of less Value than that of the Handicrafts-Man
A Labourer's Son at seven or twelve years of age begins to help his Father either in keeping the Flocks, digging the ground, or in other sorts of Country Labour which require no Art or Skill.
If his Father puts him to a Trade he loses his Assistance during the Time of his Apprenticeship and is necessitated to cloath him and to pay the expenses of his Apprenticeship for some years. The Son is thus an expense to this Father and his Labour brings in no advantage till the end of some years. The [working] life of Man is estimated but at 10 or 12 years, and as several are lost in learning a Trade most of which in England require seven years of Apprenticeship, a Husbandman would never be willing to have a Trade taught to his Son if the Mechanics did not earn more than the Husbandmen.
Those who employ Artisans or Craftsmen must needs therefore pay for their labour at a higher rate than for that of a Husbandman or common Labourer; and their labour will necessarily be dear in proportion to the time lost in learning the trade and the cost and risk incurred in becoming proficient.
The Craftsmen themselves do not make all their Children learn their own mystery: there would be too many of them for the needs of a City or a State; many would not find enough work; the work, however, is naturally better paid than that of Husbandmen.
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