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Front Page  Titles (by Subject) Part I, Chapter III: Of Villages - Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général
Part I, Chapter III: Of Villages - Richard Cantillon, Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en Général [1755]Edition used:Essai sur la Nature du Commerce en General, edited with an English translation and other material by Henry Higgs, C.B. Reissued for The Royal Economic Society by Frank Cass and Co., LTD., London. 1959.
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- Introduction, By Henry Higgs
- Previous Editions, By Henry Higgs
- Essay On the Nature of Trade In General
- Part One
- Part I, Chapter I: Of Wealth
- Part I, Chapter II: Of Human Societies
- Part I, Chapter III: Of Villages
- Part I, Chapter IV: Of Market Towns
- Part I, Chapter V: Of Cities
- Part I, Chapter VI: Of Capital Cities
- Part I, Chapter VII: The Labour of the Husbandman Is of Less Value Than That of the Handicrafts-man
- Part I, Chapter VIII: Some Handicrafts-men Earn More, Others Less, According to the Different Cases and Circumstances
- Part I, Chapter IX: The Number of Labourers, Handicraftsmen and Others, Who Work In a State Is Naturally Proportioned to the Demand For Them
- Part I, Chapter X: The Price and Intrinsic Value of a Thing In General Is the Measure of the Land and Labour Which Enter Into Its Production
- Part I, Chapter XI: Of the Par Or Relation Between the Value of Land and Labour
- Part I, Chapter XII: All Classes and Individuals In a State Subsist Or Are Enriched At the Expense of the Proprietors of Land
- Part I, Chapter XIII: The Circulation and Exchange of Goods and Merchandise As Well As Their Production Are Carried On In Europe By Undertakers, and At a Risk
- Part I, Chapter XIV: The Fancies, the Fashions, and the Modes of Living of the Prince, and Especially of the Landowners, Determine the Use to Which Land Is Put In a State and Cause the Variations In the Market-prices of All Things
- Part I, Chapter XV: The Increase and Decrease of the Number of People In a State Chiefly Depend On the Taste, the Fashions, and the Modes of Living of the Proprietors of Land
- Part I, Chapter XVI: The More Labour There Is In a State the More Naturally Rich the State Is Esteemed
- Part I, Chapter XVII: Of Metals and Money, and Especially of Gold and Silver
- Part Two
- Part Ii, Chapter I: Of Barter
- Part Ii, Chapter II: Of Market Prices
- Part Ii, Chapter III: Of the Circulation of Money
- Part Ii, Chapter IV: Of Further Reflection On the Rapidity Or Slowness of the Circulation of Money In Exchange
- Part Ii, Chapter V: Of the Inequality of the Circulation of Hard Money In a State
- Part Ii, Chapter VI: Of the Increase and Decrease In the Quantity of Hard Money In a State
- Part Ii, Chapter VII: Continuation of the Same Subject
- Part Ii, Chapter VIII: Further Reflection On the Same Subject
- Part Ii, Chapter IX: Of the Interest of Money and Its Causes
- Part Ii, Chapter X: Of the Causes of the Increase and Decrease of the Interest of Money In a State
- Part Three
- Part Iii, Chapter I: Of Foreign Trade
- Part Iii, Chapter II: Of the Exchanges and Their Nature
- Part Iii, Chapter III: Further Explanations of the Nature of the Exchanges
- Part Iii, Chapter IV: Of the Variations In the Proportion of Values With Regard to the Metals Which Serve As Money
- Part Iii, Chapter V: Of the Augmentation and Diminution of Coin In Denomination
- Part Iii, Chapter VI: Of Banks and Their Credit
- Part Iii, Chapter VII: Further Explanations and Enquiries As to the Utility of a National Bank
- Part Iii, Chapter VIII: Of the Refinements of Credit of General Banks
- Richard Cantillon and the Nationality of Political Economy, By W. Stanley Jevons
- Life and Work of Richard Cantillon, By Henry Higgs
- Appendix a
- Appendix B: Bibliography
Part I, Chapter III
Of Villages
To whatever cultivation Land is put, whether Pasture, Corn, Vines, etc. the Farmers or Labourers who carry on the work must live near at hand; otherwise the time taken in going to their Fields and returning to their Houses would take up too much of the day. Hence the necessity for Villages established in all the country and cultivated Land, where there must also be enough Farriers and Wheelwrights for the Instruments, Ploughs, and Carts which are needed; especially when the Village is at a distance from the Towns. The size of a Village is naturally proportioned in number of inhabitants to what the Land dependent on it requires for daily work, and to the Artisans who find enough employment there in the service of the Farmers and Labourers: but these Artisans are not quite so necessary in the neighbourhood of Towns to which the Labourers can resort without much loss of time.
If one or more of the owners of the Land dependent on the Village reside there the number of inhabitants will be greater in proportion to the domestic servants and artisans drawn thither, and the inns which will be established there for the convenience of the domestic servants and workmen who are maintained by the Landlords.
If the Lands are only proper for maintaining Sheep, as in the sandy districts and moorlands, the Villages will be fewer and smaller since only a few shepherds are required on the land.
If the Lands only produce Woods in sandy soils where there is no grass for beasts, and if they are distant from Towns and Rivers which makes the timber useless for consumption as one sees in many cases in Germany, there will be only so many Houses and Villages as are needed to gather Acorns and feed Pigs in season: but if the Lands are altogether barren there will be neither Villages nor Inhabitants.
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