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ADDITIONAL LATER LETTERS 1849-1873 - John Stuart Mill, The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume XXXII - Additional Letters of John Stuart Mill [1824]Edition used:The Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, Volume XXXII - Additional Letters of John Stuart Mill, ed. Marion Filipiuk, Michael Laine, and John M. Robson, Introduction by Marion Filipiuk (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1991).
Part of: Collected Works of John Stuart Mill, in 33 vols.
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ADDITIONAL LATER LETTERS
Additional Later Letters16A.TO HUGH STARK1
13 June 1849 Mr Mill presents his compliments to Mr Stark & by desire of the Chairman & Deputy Chairman2 transmits in P.C. a draft in duplicate of a Report by the Political & Military Committee respecting the case of Mr Alexander Maclean.3 I collection containing 49 pages accompanies the Draft. 16B.TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1[?22 June 1849] In Maclean’s Case, the Chairman thinks that the course which the Court have taken, is a middle course—in as much as Mr Maclean’s position in being compelled to resign, and retire with disgrace, although not a rich but a ruined man, is very different from that of a servant retiring on an independence at his own choice. The annuity, if he gets it, will, I fancy, benefit nobody but his creditors. No other middle course seemed possible, except to dismiss him, and give him a pension from the Court—which could not have been charged on the Annuity Fund, and this was deemed objectionable. 23A.TO JOHN WILLIAM PARKER1
21st Jany 1850 Dear Sir—I regarded your insertion of an attack on an article which had appeared in Fraser,2 as a favour done to me rather than as the opposite, & I think it quite unfair that I should be paid for it—I therefore return the cheque with thanks & am yours trulyJ.S. Mill 78A.TO JOHN WILLIAM PARKER1
May 4. [1852] Dear Sir I was not aware that you wished for a letter today & have not had time to write one, but I will send a few lines tomorrow.2 I am yours trulyJ.S. Mill 87A.TO JOHN CHAPMAN1
Nov. 8. 1852 Dear Sir The beginning of the session2 seems so little likely to afford materials or an occasion for writing on general politics before the time when anything intended for your next number must go to press, that I have given up for the present all thought of the article I spoke to you about.3 I write as soon as possible after making up my mind, that there may be no chance of putting you to any inconvenience. I am Dear Sir |
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| Labourers: | Wm Hare, | |
| I. White, | ||
| Thos Baker, | ||
| Philip Slater, } | Warehouse pensioners | |
| Francis Brown, } | ||
| Charles Chedzoy, } | ||
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| George Mitchell, pensioner messenger | ||
| Edd Rock, Assistt fire-lighter | ||
| Thos McKennie . . . do . . . | ||
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs,
Your most faithful & obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
258H.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
16th June 1856
Honorable Sirs,
In obedience to the orders of your Honorable Committee of the 26th March 1845, requiring a report of the cases of such of the Extra Clerks and Writers as are employed either on duties formerly discharged by established clerks or on duties distinct from copying, I have the honor respectfully to state that since the last report made by the Examiner on the subject, dated the 9th June 1845, Mr Charles Bell and Mr Frederick Charles Danvers have been employed in the manner above specified, the former in the Judicial Department since the year 1847; and the latter in the Public and Public Works Departments since the year 1853;2 and I respectfully request that the employment of Messrs Bell and Danvers as now reported, may be sanctioned by the Honorable Committee.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs,
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
260A.
TO THE SECRETARY TO THE BOARD OF CONTROL1
- East India House,
9th September 1856
Secret.
Sir,
I have laid before the Secret Committee of the Court of Directors2 Mr Danby Seymour’s letter of the 20th ultimo,3 with its enclosure from the Under Secretary of State for the Foreign Department,4 communicating the modified proposal of the French Government, of which Captain Pigeard is the bearer,5 with respect to exchanges of territory in India; and desiring to be informed of the opinion of the Secret Committee on that proposal.
The arrangement which was understood to have been accepted by the French Government in 18556 provided for the cession of all the French possessions in India except Pondicherry, as well as of such part of the territory attached to that settlement as lies outside a certain proposed boundary; Her Majesty making over to France all British territory lying within that boundary, and the nation which should be a gainer in revenue by the double transfer making to the other a pecuniary compensation calculated at twenty years purchase.
The French Government now disavows the assent which it was supposed to have been given to this arrangement, and desires to limit its cessions to the Pondicherry villages outside the proposed boundary, together with the settlements of Chandernagore and Yanoon, and the French Establishments at Calicut and Masulipatam; retaining the valuable possessions of Maké and Karical, and the factories at Surat, Patna, Cossimbazar, Dacca, Balasore and Jugdea. And these more limited transfers the French Government proposes that Her Majesty should receive as a full equivalent for the cession of the British territory within the proposed Pondicherry boundary, no pecuniary compensation being made payable as in the former Draft from the gaining to the losing nation.
As a reason for omitting this last stipulation, it is affirmed by Captain Pigeard that the possessions which the French Government proposes to cede would be worth more to the British Government than the amount of the revenue which those possessions at present yield to France. While the Secret Committee admit that to a certain, though a moderate extent, this estimate may be well founded, they must observe that the French Government also would derive from the acquisition of villages inconveniently intermixed with its territory a benefit far exceeding the mere revenues of those villages: and it appears from Lord Cowley’s letter to Lord J. Russell dated 31st January 1852,7 that the French Colonial Minister at that time8 even expressed his willingness “to accept less than he gives, because he shall receive a compensation in the suppression of the expenses of the French outlying establishments.”
The Committee consider the question of an interchange of Indian possessions to be one which is more important to French than to British interests. Nevertheless, and although the French Government withdraws the most valuable part of the cessions originally contemplated, the opinion of the Committee is in favor of accepting those which are now offered, if the French Government will consent to receive in exchange territories of equivalent pecuniary value in the neighbourhood of Pondicherry; but the Committee are decidedly adverse to purchasing those transfers by cessions of greater value, because they do not consider the acquisition as of sufficient political importance to be worth any sacrifice of revenue; and also because by making over to France all the territory which she desires for the consolidation of her Pondicherry possessions and the rectification of her boundary, the British Government would lose the power of hereafter offering an equivalent likely to be accepted for the cessions, formerly contemplated, but now withheld.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill.
260B.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
9th September 1856
Honorable Sirs,
I have the honor to lay before you a letter from Mr Waud, the Registrar, enclosing a Petition to your Honorable Committee from the four Messengers attached to the Registrar’s Department (Henry Thomas Drew, James Tarrant, John Lee Turner, and Edwin Norris) praying to be granted a gratuity to remunerate them for the extra-work imposed on them by the recent re-arrangement of a considerable portion of the Company’s Records, together with the expenses they have incurred. Mr Waud bears testimony to the severe labour entailed on the Petitioners, to the extra-time during which they have been employed, to the extra expenses entailed on them, to the strenuous exertions made by each man to assist in carrying out the arrangement, and recommends the prayer of the Petitioners to favorable consideration.
I beg leave respectfully to support the recommendations of Mr Waud, and humbly submit that the indulgences solicited may be granted to the Petitioners.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs,
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
260C.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
16th September 1856
Honorable Sirs,
I most respectfully lay before you a Memorandum prepared by Mr Prideaux2 in obedience to the Chairman’s3 commands, in which he submits his opinion of the merits and services of Mr Wm Peters, a writer in this office, and recommends his case for favorable consideration.
And in consequence of the representations made to me of the zeal, intelligence and ability with which Mr Peters has discharged his official duties, I beg leave to express my concurrence in the views of Mr Prideaux.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs,
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
262A.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath
Sept. 30 [1856]
Dear Sir
Will you write and fix a day when you will come down to Blackheath and dine and stay the night, when we shall have an opportunity of talking over the subject of the Logic.2 If you will call on me at the India House (Examiner’s Office) before four o’clock we can go down by the railway together.
I wrote to you at Vienna only last Saturday in reply to your letter,3 which I found on my return to England after an absence of two months.4
Are you acquainted with Dr. Arnold Ruge, who is now living at Brighton?5
I am Dear Sir
yrs truly,
J.S. Mill
262B.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath Park
Wednesday
[1 Oct., 1856]
Dear Sir
I shall be disengaged tomorrow, at any time you like to come and shall be very glad to see you. There are trains, hourly, which stop at the Blackheath station.
If tomorrow should not suit you, Friday, or any other day (except Saturday afternoon) will be equally convenient to us.
I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
262C.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- East India House
Oct. 3 [1856]
Dear Sir
If equally convenient to you, will you allow me to fix Monday instead of tomorrow?
I have desired Messrs Parker to send to you in Finsbury Square the new edition of the Logic which contains some additions likely to interest you.2 I had ordered it to be sent to Vienna, but was fortunately in time to stop it.
I am Dr Sir
very sincerely yrs
J.S. Mill
262D.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
20th October 1856
Honorable Sirs,
I beg most respectfully to represent to you that the great pressure of business in this office has brought about an accumulation of work which, in spite of every exertion, cannot be got through without some increase to the present strength of the Extra Department. Under these circumstances I submit to you the propriety of authorizing the employment, as a temporary measure, of two extra writers in this office for a period of six months;2 in order to form a judgment at the expiration of that time, whether any and what permanent addition to the number of Writers may be required.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
262E.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House
24th October 1856
Secret.
Sir,
I have had the honor to receive and lay before the Secret Committee your letter dated the 22nd instant,2 enclosing copies of letters from Captains Ring and Green offering to proceed on service to Herat,3 and I am desired by the Secret Committee to state in reply that three officers having already received orders to proceed to Herat, the Committee do not think it at present advisable to add to the number.
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
262F.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House,
October 28th 1856
Secret.
Sir,
I have had the honor to receive and lay before the Secret Committee your letter dated the 10th instant,2 transmitting for any observations which the Committee might desire to make, a copy of a letter in which the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs3 expresses the opinion of Her Majesty’s Government that it might be advisable to take possession of Mohummerah for the purpose of increasing the pressure upon Persia.4
Since receiving your letter the Secret Committee have endeavored to procure the best information within their reach bearing on the question therein adverted to. The information which they have been enabled to obtain is comprised in the following documents, copies of which I have the honor to annex.
A Memorandum by Lieutenant Colonel Hennell, formerly Resident in the Persian Gulf.5
A Chart of the Korun river prepared from actual Survey by Lieutenant W.B. Selby of the Indian Navy,6 and transmitted to this country by the Bombay Government as an inclosure in their letter to the Secret Committee dated 10th June (No. 45) 1845.
A Memorandum by Sir W.F. Williams of Kars, Bart.7 who as Commissioner for the settlement of the boundary between Turkey and Persia, resided for a considerable time at Mohummerah and in its vicinity.
Having thus put the Board and through them Her Majesty’s Government in possession of all the information they themselves possess, the Committee refrain from expressing any opinion on the course which it may be most expedient to adopt.
As connected with Lieutenant Colonel Hennell’s Memorandum I am directed to transmit two copies of a Sketch made by that Officer from Memory, of the country adjoining Bushire on the South side.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
263B.
TO THE SECRETARY TO THE INDIA BOARD1
- East India House,
18th November 1856
Secret.
Sir,
In reply to Sir George Clerk’s letter of the 14th instant,2 requesting the opinion of the Secret Committee on a modified proposal of territorial exchanges with the French Government,3 I am directed by the Secret Committee to state that they are not in possession of information enabling them to judge to what extent the financial result of the territorial arrangement in question would differ from that of the arrangements formerly contemplated. As far however as the Committee possess the means of forming an opinion, they are disposed to think that the unreserved relinquishment of all the French possessions in India with the exception of Pondicherry and its districts, would be an object worth purchasing by the cession to France of the additional territory near Pondicherry, included within the widest of the boundary lines marked in the Map; which according to the desire of the Board is returned herewith.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
266A.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House,
November 26th 1856
Secret.
Sir,
I have laid before the Secret Committee your letter of the 21st instant2 requesting to be informed whether the Committee would object to a proposal considered likely to be made by the French Government, that the value of the addition to be made to the district round Pondicherry shall be one eighth or one sixth of the value of the addition which would have been made to that district under the Convention formerly proposed to France.3
I am directed by the Committee to observe in reply that the annual revenue of the British Villages which would have been ceded to France by the Convention formerly proposed was (as pointed out in their letter of 27th June 1855)4 Rupees 1,30,485.9.3 but that the Committee were not then, and are not now acquainted with the value of the French Villages which, by the same Convention would have been ceded to Great Britain. Unless that value be such as to be a considerable set off against the large amount of revenue which it was proposed to cede, the Committee are disposed to think that the addition of one sixth, or even of one eighth, to the cession, would render very doubtful the expediency, in a financial point of view, of the exchange.
The Committee moreover are disinclined to extend any farther the area laid down in the last proposal of the French Agent, as shewn in the Map.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
269A.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
24th December 1856
Honorable Sirs,
I beg to submit to the favorable consideration of your Honorable Committee a Medical Certificate and a letter from Mr Morgan, the father of Mr H. Morgan, a Writer in this Office, applying for further leave of absence in consequence of continued indisposition.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
269B.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
13 January 1857
Honorable Sirs,
Your Honorable Committee is aware that systematic arrangements are now in force under all or most of the Indian Governments for the destruction of useless records. I venture to suggest that a similar arrangement is highly desirable with regard to that portion of the records of this office which consists of Duplicate Collections.
The transmission of Collections from India commenced in 1831, and they have always been transmitted in duplicate: one copy of each Collection, after their subjects have been disposed of by Despatches to India, remaining with the Board of Commissioners. The duplicate Collections are very serviceable until the arrival of the Books of Consultations, which are often considerably in arrear. They are also useful, though in a less degree, for some time longer, by saving the trouble of searching the Indexes, or the delay of borrowing the original Collections from the Board. But after a certain lapse of time, references to them become infrequent, and while their rapidly increasing mass is an encumbrance to the office, they answer no useful purpose except occasionally to save the delay and expense of transcription when papers of old date are required for the Honorable Court of Proprietors, or called for by the Houses of Parliament.
I beg therefore to propose that measures be taken for the destruction, (with the exception to be presently stated) of all duplicate Collections bearing an earlier date than that of the 1st January 1852; and that hereafter, at the end of each year one year’s duplicate Collections be disposed of in a similar manner so that only those of the five years last expired may at any time remain.
The only exception which it seems necessary to make from this destruction, is in the case of papers which may appear likely to be required at some future period by Parliament or the Proprietors: and I recommend accordingly that the Chief Clerk in each of the several Departments of this Office be directed to take such general cognizance of the Collections previously to their destruction as may enable him under instructions from the Examiner to select for preservation such of them as may seem worth retaining for that use.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs,
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
269C.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
13th January 1857
Honorable Sirs,
In the early part of the present year, the Court was pleased to add one to the number of the Assistants to the Examiner,2 in consequence of a necessity created chiefly by the extraordinary growth of the business devolving upon the Assistant in charge of the Public Department.
Since that time the Department has been divided into two branches, one of which retains the original name, and the other is the Public Works Department3 each being under the charge of a separate Assistant. No addition however was at that time made to the number of Clerks in the office, nor was any separation effected between the Clerks attached to the two branches: and the business of both continues to be carried on by the same Clerks who formed the Establishment of the Department before it was divided.
I beg to represent to your Honorable Committee that the business which had outgrown the powers of a single Assistant Examiner, equally exceeds those of the number of Clerks which was sufficient under circumstances entirely different from the present; and that in consequence, notwithstanding the great efficiency of the gentlemen who conduct the correspondence of the two Departments, the business of both still remains considerably in arrears.
I therefore respectfully submit for consideration that such provision be made for the increased business devolving on the Clerks in the Departments, as your Honorable Committee may deem advisable. The subjoined statement exhibits the present distribution of Clerks among the several Departments of the office.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
270A.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House,
26th January 1857
Immediate
Sir,
Having laid before the Secret Committee your letter of this day’s date,2 I have received their instructions to acquaint you in reply for communication to the Commissioners for the Affairs of India, that the Secret Committee are of opinion that the Government of Madras will be able to place one Regiment of Native Infantry at the disposal of Her Majesty’s Government for immediate service at Hong Kong,3 on receiving an emergent requisition to that effect. In the event of this requisition being sent the Committee would suggest that the Government of Madras may be apprised that the Regiment will be brought back to Madras as soon as the necessity for their employment on Foreign Service has ceased.
The Secret Committee understand that the whole of the expenses attending this re-inforcement will be borne by Her Majesty’s Government.
I have the honor to be, &c,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
T.N. Waterfield Esqre.
&ca &ca &ca
270B.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House,
26th January 1857
Secret
Sir,
I have had the honor to receive and lay before the Secret Committee your letter dated the 22nd instant, enclosing a letter from Mr Hammond dated the 21st instant, on the subject of the postal communications with the Persian Gulf during the present War with Persia;2 and I am desired to state in reply that the Committee concur with Lord Clarendon in opinion that, the best postal communication for Government purposes will be from Bagdad viâ Constantinople, and that Lieutenant General Sir James Outram3 will therefore be apprised of the arrangement and instructed to send to Her Majesty’s Ambassador4 a short summary of any important intelligence, which could be put into cypher at the Embassy and so forwarded by telegraph, while on the other hand any similar communication which it might be wished to send from England to overtake the dispatches, could be sent from the India Board to the Foreign Office, where it would be put into cypher and addressed to Her Majesty’s Ambassador, who would then forward it by the Tatar proceeding with the dispatches.
I am also desired to suggest that Captain Kemball5 should be instructed to forward by Tatar to Constantinople all despatches from Lieutenant General Sir James Outram on receipt.
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
270C.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House
January 28th, 1857
Mr. Mill presents his compliments to Mr. Waterfield, and transmits to him a copy of Mr. Andrew’s “Memorandum on the establishment of Postal Communications between England and the Persian Gulf,” dated January the 23rd 1857,2 received from Sir Jas Melvill K.C.B.3 on the 24th instant.
270D.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House,
30th January 1857
Secret
Sir,
I am instructed by the Secret Committee to acknowledge your letter of the 27th instant,2 transmitting for any observations which the Committee may wish to make, a copy of a letter from the Under Secretary of State for the Colonies,3 requesting that a Vessel of the Indian Navy may be sent to the Kooria Mooria Islands for the purpose of protecting the persons to whom the Queen has granted permission to take Guano from these islands.4
I am directed by the Committee to suggest in reply that the contents of Brigadier Coghlan’s letter of the 19th of December last, No. 23, be communicated to Mr. Labouchere.5
The Board is aware from that letter that in the opinion of the Officer most likely to be well informed on the subject, the cession of these Islands to Her Majesty by the Imaum of Muscat is a nullity,6 as they were not his to dispose of. At all events, the beneficial enjoyment of them, and of the Guano produced in them, has resided from time immemorial in the Arabs of the Coast; whose rights whether acknowledged or not, it would, the Committee submit, be neither politic nor just to overrule by force, while Brigadier Coghlan appears to anticipate little difficulty in obtaining an amicable cession of them.
I am directed to request attention to the injurious consequences which the Brigadier predicts from any renewal of the attempt to take forcible possession of these islands, and in conclusion I am desired to observe, that the same causes which, in Mr Labouchere’s opinion, make it inconvenient to employ one of Her Majesty’s Ships of War on the proposed service, are applicable in an equal degree to the Indian Navy, and there is every reason to believe that in consequence of the Persian Expedition it would be impracticable for the Bombay Government to detach a Vessel for the purpose desired by Mr. Labouchere.
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
270E.
TO THE SECRETARY TO THE INDIA BOARD1
- East India House,
31st January 1857
Secret.
Sir,
I am commanded by the Secret Committee to acknowledge the receipt of Mr Waterfield’s letter of the 22nd instant,2 forwarding for their consideration, copies of certain documents on the subject of the stipulations to be made with the Shah of Persia at the cessation of the present hostilities.3
The only remarks which it appears necessary for the Committee to make refer to the second Article of the proposed Commercial Treaty.4 It is suggested by Sir Justin Sheil that there may be “in India various commodities which are classed as contraband and the importation of which is prohibited; such, perhaps, as Opium.”5 I am directed to state that there are no prohibitions of the description referred to in the Customs laws of British India, and that it does not therefore seem requisite, on that account, to modify the language of the Article in question, in the manner proposed in the letter from the Committee of Privy Council for Trade, dated the 22nd instant.
The Secret Committee concur in the view taken by the Lords of the Committee for Trade in respect to the omission from the same Article of the word “European,” as applied to the “most favored nation,”—if such omission would, as stated by Sir Justin Sheil, have the effect of admitting goods imported into Persia by British Merchants at the lower rate of 4 per cent, at which goods imported by Turkish traders are admitted under Treaty; but the Committee are not aware why Turkey is less to be regarded as a European power than Russia, both countries, although possessing large territories in Asia, having their respective seats of Government in Europe.6
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
J.S. Mill
283A.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
22nd April 1857
Honorable Sirs,
In October last year your Honorable Committee were pleased to authorize the employment of two extra writers in this office for a period of six months.
That period will expire this day;—but as the business of the extra office still continues without material diminution, I respectfully submit the propriety of retaining the services of the same two writers, Messrs Rundall & Upton,2 —for a further period of six months,—their conduct during the past period having been unexceptionable.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs,
your most faithful & obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
283B.
TO GEORGE RUSSELL CLERK1
- East India House,
May 11th 1857
Secret.
Sir,
I have had the honor of receiving and laying before the Secret Committee2 your letter of the 2nd instant,3 enclosing a paper by Captain Pigeard4 conveying what the Board consider the ultimatum of the French Government as to the contemplated exchange of British and French possessions, and requesting the opinion of the Committee on the expediency of accepting the proposition as therein stated.
The present proposal differs from the one which immediately preceded it, in relinquishing a triangular piece of land, (of the extent or value of which the Committee have no information) which in the former proposal formed part of the territory to be ceded by the British Government.
The Committee observe that in M. Pigeard’s paper, the cessions to be made by France are stated to be Chandernagore, Yanoon and Maha, with the factories of Masulipatam and Calicut, while M. Pigeard also states that the French Establishments in India would be reduced to two; (viz Pondicherry and Karical). M. Pigeard appears to overlook the possession by France of several other factories, at Surat, Patna, Cossimbaza, Dacca, Balasore and Jugdea, and possibly elsewhere. The Committee have always regarded the relinquishment by France of all such outlying possessions as a sine qua non of the proposed exchange.
Assuming that these factories are to be included in the cession, and that the French possessions in India will really be limited to Pondicherry and Karical, the Committee are of opinion that the proposal made by M. Pigeard might be accepted provided that on a reference to the Government of India no objection should be made to it by that authority.
The enclosures in your letter are herewith returned.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
283C.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
May 13th 1857
Secret.
Sir,
I am directed by the Secret Committee to request, that you will be pleased to obtain the consent of the Right Honorable the Commissioners for the Affairs of India to the employment, in the Secret Department, of Mr John Henry Willock and Mr Thomas Alexander Riddell, Clerks in the Examiner’s Office, on their taking the prescribed Oath.
I am, Sir,
Your obedient servant,
J.S. Mill
T.N. Waterfield Esqre
283D.
TO GEORGE RUSSELL CLERK1
- East India House,
9th June 1857
Secrét
Sir,
I am instructed by the Secret Committee to acknowledge the receipt of your letter dated the 29th ultimo2 requesting the opinion of the Secret Committee on the suggestion by Lieutenant Burton, in a letter addressed by him to the Geographical Society for the establishment of a British Agency at Berbera.3
I am directed to observe that this suggestion had already been made, in a more legitimate manner, by Lieutenant Burton, in his report on Berbera addressed to the Political Agent at Aden4 on the 22nd February 1855, and was examined by the Governor of Bombay5 in a Minute dated the 19th March following. Lord Elphinstone for reasons which appear conclusive to the Committee, considered every mode of accomplishing the object proposed by Lieutenant Burton, inadmissible, except one which he described as equivalent to “taking possession of the place”; and it is hardly necessary to say that the Committee would consider any attempt to establish a political, and as its necessary accompaniment, a Military Station, on the African Coast, as in the highest degree objectionable.
I am commanded to add, that the Articles of Peace and Friendship concluded with the Somalis in November 1856, and quoted in your letter,6 oppose an additional obstacle to the entertainment of the proposal. For inasmuch as those Articles stipulate that we shall have the power to send an Agent to reside at Berbera during the fair, for the purpose of seeing that the provisions of the Agreement are observed, they by necessary implication preclude us from maintaining an Agent there at any other period, or for any other purpose.
The Committee, I am directed to add, entirely agree in the observation of the Board respecting the impropriety of Lieutenant Burton’s conduct in addressing to the Geographical Society criticisms on the political measures of the Government of India.
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
286A.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
20th July 1857
Honorable Sirs,
I most respectfully request that your Honorable Committee will be pleased to grant the temporary assistance of a labourer during the usual leave of absence granted the Messengers attached to this Department.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
286B.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
11 August 1857
Honorable Sirs,
I have the honor to report the following circumstances which have occurred in connection with John Whatmough a Messenger under the Assistant Registrar in the Book Office2 attached to this Department.
About six months since Whatmough, who was carrying a bundle, was stopped by a Detective Officer at 6 o’Clock on a Sunday morning; and the bundle being examined, was found to contain “old books torn up.” In consequence, however, of the explanation Whatmough gave, the Officer allowed him to “pass on.”
On Saturday the 1st of August, Whatmough was again met by the same Detective who had met him on the former occasion. He had, on this occasion, in his possession “a parcel wrapped up in brown paper.” Having asserted that the paper was given to him by Mr Atkins, he was confronted with that gentleman who denied the statement. He was thereon taken before the sitting Magistrate at Guildhall, examined, and remanded.3 On a subsequent occasion he was again brought up, and, on the re-hearing of the charge against him, he was committed for trial at the ensuing Sessions and is now awaiting his trial.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
286C.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
11th August 1857
Honorable Sirs,
With reference to the Order of the Honorable Court dated the 18th of February 1857 for the destruction of old and useless duplicate Collections,2 I now lay before your Honorable Committee a report from the Chief Clerk in this Department shewing that effect has been given to the Court’s instructions.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
286D.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
11th August 1857
Honorable Sirs,
In laying before your Honorable Committee a letter from Mr Atkins, Assistant Registrar under this Office, representing the necessity of whitewashing the rooms occupied by his Department, and of effecting some minor improvements I have the honor to state that from personal inspection I can confirm Mr Atkins’ representations, and I beg to recommend that his proposals be carried into effect.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
286E.
TO GEORGE RUSSELL CLERK1
- East India House,
20th August 1857
Secret.
Sir,
In reply to your letter dated the 19th instant, I am directed by the Secret Committee to state that they have no objection to the adoption of Mr Murray’s2 proposal for conferring an honorary step of rank on Major Taylor and Lieutenants Clerk and Hardy3 while employed on a Mission to Herat.4 I am, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
Sir George Clerk
&ca &ca &ca
292.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath
Oct. 5. 1857
Dear Sir
On receiving your letter of the 30th September I made enquiry as to the conditions of eligibility to the medical service of the East India Company, and I regret to say that no foreigner can be admitted into it unless he is first naturalized. I confess I do not see why this restriction should exist in the medical service. In the civil and military services there are obvious reasons for it. The restriction does not exist in the educational service, and several of your countrymen (among others a son of the great Liebig)2 are Professors in the Government Colleges in India. If an appointment of that kind would suit your friend’s3 qualifications and wishes, he might perhaps succeed in obtaining one, as the education department is in a state of rapid growth, and good teachers of science are continually wanted.
Accept our condolences on the loss of your father.4 We hope your sister,5 who was ill when we last saw you, is now better. I am much interested in what you say of your literary undertakings, and should be glad to hear more about the philological articles you mention.6 Do they contain the speculation you told me of, connecting Protagoras with the authorship of one of the Hippocratic treatises?7aI have nearly finished an Essay “on Liberty” which I hope to publish next winter .8 As the Liberty it treats of is moral and intellectual rather than political, it is not so much needed in Germany as it is here.a
If you visit England in spring we shall be happy to see you, and to renew our interesting conversations.
I am Dear Sir
Very truly yours
J.S. Mill
293A.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
14th October 1857
Honorable Sirs,
In April last your Honorable Committee were pleased to authorize the re-employment of two extra writers in this Office for a period of six months.
That period will expire on the 22d instant: but as the business of the extra Office still requires their assistance, I respectfully submit to you the expediency of retaining the Services of the same two writers, Messrs Rundall & Upton,2 for a further period of six months,—their conduct during the past period having been unexceptionable.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
293B.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
21st October 1857
Honorable Sirs,
It being necessary for the discharge of the duties of the Public and Ecclesiastical Departments that a Writer should be appointed to assist the Established Clerk in the Office duties of those Departments, in place of Mr. Alexander Ward now retired from the Service, I beg respectfully to request that Mr. John Downton may be relieved from the copying duties hitherto performed by him and appointed to the duties hitherto discharged by Mr. Ward, on the allowances usual in such cases.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
299A.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
Jan. 25, 1858
Honorable Sirs,
I beg to submit for the favourable consideration of your Honorable Committee, a letter which has been addressed to me by Mr Hawkins,2 one of the Assistant Examiners, enclosing an application from Mr Charles Bell,3 one of the Writers in this Office who perform the duties of Established Clerks, to be either placed on the Establishment on his present allowances, or to have his allowances consolidated, as has been done in several cases of a nature similar to his own.
The letter appended to the application will prove to your Honorable Committee, what I can also state from my personal knowledge, that Mr Hill,4 under whom Mr Bell served for nine years, considered his services to be highly valuable, and his qualification to be of a superior order; and I join with Mr Hawkins in regarding Mr Bell as well worthy of any mark of consideration which may be bestowed on him by the Honorable Court.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
299B.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House,
February 10th, 1858
Secret.
Sir,
I am directed by the Secret Committee to request, that you will be pleased to obtain the consent of the Right Honorable the Commissioners for the Affairs of India to the employment, in the Secret Department, of Mr John Stewart Oliphant, a Clerk in the Secretary’s Office, and of Mr Frank Mangles, a Clerk, and Mr Richard Upton, a Writer, in the Examiner’s Office, on their taking the prescribed oath.
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient servant,
J.S. Mill
T.N. Waterfield Esqre
306A.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
April 1858
Honorable Sirs,
In October last your Honorable Committee were pleased to authorize the reemployment of two extra writers in this office, for a period of six months.
In December last, one of the two extra writers, Mr. W.I. Upton,2 was appointed a permanent Writer in another Office,—and for some time, one temporary writer only was employed. Mr. Richard Upton, one of the regular Writers, having been subsequently removed from the body of the office to the Secret department, a second temporary writer was again urgently required, and Mr. W.C. Fidler was engaged for the unexpired term already sanctioned. That period will expire on the 22nd instant, and as the business of the office still requires their assistance, I respectfully submit to you the expediency of retaining their Services for such further period as may be required.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs,
Your most faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
309A.
TO THE SECRETARY TO THE INDIA BOARD1
- East India House,
23rd April 1858
Secret.
Sir,
I have laid before the Secret Committee of the East India Company2 Sir George Clerk’s letter of the 20th instant,3 inviting the observations of the Committee on the letter from the Government of India dated the 8th ultimo,4 respecting the proposed exchange of territory in India between the British and French Governments: and I am directed to state in reply that the Committee entirely concur in the opinions expressed by the Government of India, and in their recommendation that the proposed Convention should be concluded, with the slight modification suggested in paragraph 2 of the letter from the Government of India, and the verbal correction indicated in para 3. I am, Sir,
Your obedient Servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
309B.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
[ca. 22 June, 1858]
Honorable Sirs,
I beg to lay before your Honorable Committee the accompanying Petition which has been placed in my hands by the Messengers in the Book Office.
I have the honor to be, Honrble Sirs
your most obedient servant
J.S. Mill
321A.
TO THOMAS N. WATERFIELD1
- East India House,
3rd August 1858
Secret.
Sir,
I have received and laid before the Secret Committee your letter dated the 28th ultimô forwarding for any remarks the Committee might desire to make, a letter from Her Majesty’s Minister at the Court of Persia2 respecting the composition and the allowances of the Commission about to proceed to Herat, and I am directed to state in reply that the Committee have no objection to make to any of the arrangements recommended by Sir James Outram.3
I am, Sir,
Your most obedient Servant,
(Signed) J.S. Mill
T.N. Waterfield Esqre
323A.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
- Examiner’s Office
- East India House
24th August 1858
Honorable Sirs,
I have the honor to submit, for the favorable consideration of your Honrble Committee, a Memorandum placed in my hands by Mr Prideaux, Assistant Examiner of India Correspondence, bringing to notice the Services rendered, in addition to those required from him in the discharge of his ordinary Official Duty, by Mr William Peters, an Established Clerk in the Revenue Department of this Office. Under an Order of the House of Commons, he has been, for a considerable time, employed in selecting from a vast mass of correspondence, documents illustrative of the measures taken by the East India Company for increasing the quantity or improving the quality, of the supply of Cotton from India,2 for the use of manufacturers in this Country.
In order that the Return to the requisition of the House of Commons should be made as extensively useful as possible, to those who were likely to consult it, Mr Peters has devoted much time and labour to the arrangement, under distinct heads, of the matters treated of in the papers; so as to render them easy of reference;—and he has, moreover, carefully corrected the proof sheets, during their passage through the Press.
I desire to add that I concur in Mr Prideaux’s testimony in favor of Mr Peters.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs,
With the greatest respect,
Your faithful and obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
Examiner of India Correspondence
323B.
TO THE FINANCE AND HOME COMMITTEE1
[ca. 24 Aug. 1858]
Honorable Sirs
I beg to lay before your Honorable Committee an application from Mr Atkins, Deputy Registrar in the Book Office, to be allowed to retain the services of William Spence, an Assistant Messenger in his Department, who has been called on to take the duties of Messenger, but whose knowledge of his present duties renders him more useful in his existing position than in that to which he would be transferred. I therefore submit the request of Mr Atkins to the favorable consideration of your Honorable Committee.
I have the honor to be, Honorable Sirs
your most obedient Servant
J.S. Mill
324.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- East India House
Aug. 30. 1858
Dear Sir
aIbhave received your letter of the 21st ,2 andb have been interested by the information as to your papers in the Rhenish Museum.3 I was disappointed however at your not saying anything of your historical work on Greek philosophy,4 which I expect will be very valuable, not only by throwing new light on historical points, of which there are always a great number to be cleared up by any competent enquirer, but also by exhibiting the speculations of the ancients from the point of view of the experience philosophy, a thing hardly yet attempted, and least of all in your country.
I have no objection to your annexing to the Logic any part of the controversy with Whewell5 which you think likely to be useful. There are not many defences extant of the ethics of utility, and I have sometimes thought of reprinting this and other papers I have written on the same as well as on other subjects.a6
We were glad to hear of the improvement in your sister’s health.7 With regard to my own, which you kindly enquire about, there is nothing alarming in it, but I require a long recruiting, not so much from work, as from the confinement of an office, which has made it advisable for me to decline the position offered me in the new government of India.8 I am Dr Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
336A.
TO JACOB WALEY1
- Blackheath Park
Nov. 29. 1858
Sir
Having been absent, I only received your note two days ago. I am at present little capable, and little disposed, to apply my mind to such subjects. But I owe you an acknowledgment, as your note shews that you have entered intelligently into a train of reasoning which it is impossible to make anything of without a real capacity for these enquiries, and a real application of mind to them. It is always a satisfaction to a writer on any scientific subject to find such readers. As to the particular point on which we differ,2 it makes, as you justly remark, no difference in the result, as the conditions of the international demand finally decide the terms of international exchange, whatever may be the effect of the improvement in the first instance. But I still think I was right, as the result of an improvement in any article brought to a given market must surely be, in the beginning, to cheapen it relatively to all articles previously sold in that market. I am Sir
Yrs faithfully
J.S. Mill
376A.
TO WILLIAM STEBBING1
- Blackheath Park
March 26. 1859
Dear Sir
Your note has only just reached me. If my doing so can be of any use to you, I cannot possibly have any objection to state, that from such consideration as I had time to give to your Analysis of my Logic,2 it appeared to me not merely well, but extraordinarily well done. I was surprised to find so much of the meaning so well packed into so few words. I am
yrs very faithfully
J.S. Mill
381.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath Park
March 31. 1859
Dear Sir
About the 1st of February a copy of the little book2 was sent to the friend mentioned by you,3 but I unluckily omitted writing to let you know. Perhaps you will kindly inform me by letter addressed à Saint Véran près Avignon, Vaucluse, France, whether it has reached you. If not, another copy shall be sent, in any way you direct.
We4 shall be at Avignon for some time,a and shall probably remain abroad at least a year. bI hope to hear from you sometimes at that place, as I am very desirous to know how your various literary projects go on.b I am
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
388A.
TO JOHN WILLIAM PARKER1
- Saint Véran, near Avignon
April 26, 1859
Dear Sir
The subject of the diminution of the value of gold is not one on which I feel disposed to write, as it requires a minute investigation of details with which I am not at present well acquainted, and I have not access here to the sources of information. The best paper I have seen on the subject was in the Journal of the Statistical Society of Dublin, and was written by Mr Cairnes, the Whately Professor of Pol. Economy at Dublin University.2 Perhaps he might be induced to write again on the subject for Fraser.3
I thank you for the inclosures you sent which I was well pleased to see, though none of them proved very important or interesting.
If you should think there is sufficient demand for the pamphlet to warrant a second edition, I should like the part of the article in Fraser which relates to Hare’s book, subjoined by way of Appendix.4 I should not like simply to reprint the pamphlet as I wrote it before I had seen Hare’s book; while it would be troublesome to recast it as completely as would be necessary to incorporate Hare’s ideas. If you should at any time be disposed to adopt this plan, I will send you a few words of preface.
Your correspondent Mr Smythe’s5original suggestion is as old as the hills.
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
392.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Saint Véran, près Avignon
May 16. 1859
Dear Sir
I am now at the above address and shall be here for some time to come; and as the war between France and Austria2 makes it uncertain whether any letters will be forwarded, the only sure way I have of corresponding with you is through my publishers, Messrs J.W. Parker and Son, 445 West Strand, to whom please address any letter you may favour me with. aI am rather anxious to hear from you, not knowing whether you have received the sheets of the little book, and in case you have, whether you still have any idea of translating it. I should much prefer you to any other translator who is likely to offer, but I have always thought it probable that you might have good reasons against undertaking it, and that some other part of Germany might be more suitable for bringing the book3 before the German public. In addition to an offer which was made through Messrs Parker, I have lately received one under the signature of Eduard John, Justizrath, at Marienwerdera in Prussia,4bwhob writes like a competent person, and chas sent me a portion of a translation actually executed; but as it is in the German Manuscript character, which I do not read fluently, I am not at present able to judge of its merits.c Do you know anything of this gentleman, and would you advise me, in case the undertaking should not suit yourself, to close with his offer?
I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
398.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Saint Véran, near Avignon
June 11. 1859
Dear Sir
aI sincerely condole with you on the unhappy events which have caused you so much pain and disturbance of mind. The delay in answering my letter has occasioned no inconvenience, and since you are willing to translate the little book ,2 or rather have by this time actually done so, I desire nothing better than to leave it in your hands, and certainly should not think of giving the preference to any other translator. I have no objection to the omission of any part or the whole of the note to which you refer, nor of the sentence binb page 9,3 though in the latter case I have not been able to discover what there is which renders it more unsuitable for publication than all the rest of the chapter. Perhapsa you think csome words in it may be understood as a declaration against Kingly government, but nothing of the sort was intended, nor did it occur to me that any onedwouldd think so. The only opinion expressed or implied is in favour of free political institutions, and even that is but incidental. But I do not think the retention of the sentence of any importance.c
When you next do me the favour to write, it would interest me to hear something of your other literary projects. I am Dear Sir
Yours very truly
J.S. Mill
408A.
TO HENRI BORDÈRE1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
le 14 août 1859
Mon cher Monsieur Bordère
Je vous remercie beaucoup de votre aimable lettre. L’échantillon du Myosotis n’était pas, en effet, suffisant pour reconnaître l’espèce, à moins qu’elle ne vous fût déjà très bien connue. Maintenant j’envoie un meilleur échantillon et je serai bien aise si, par un hasard heureux, je puis vous offrir une plante que vous ne possédiez pas. Cela ne pourrait être que si vous n’avez jamais herborisé à Panticose,2 car je trouvai la plante dans le village même, à côté de la route.
L’ami à qui je compte m’adresser pour le catalogue des plantes britanniques ne sera à Londres que dans quinze jours.3 Je lui écrirai sans délai pour le prier de vous l’expédier.
votre dévoué
J.S. Mill
430A.
TO SAMUEL LUCAS1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
Dec. 24. 1859
Dear Sir
If your letter of November 28 had reached me before, instead of long after, that of December 2, I could have done nothing better than to have referred you to Mr Kaye as the fittest person to write such a biographical sketch of Mr Elphinstone as you required.2
I was glad to hear that you have a share in the editorship of “Once a Week.” It is a good literary connexion, and may lead to other things. With regard however to your proposal on the subject of writing for it, I have so many calls on my time, and I have so much in hand which tasks to the utmost all my capacity of writing, that I cannot hold out any prospect of my being able to do what you suggest.
I am Dear Sir
yours faithfully
J.S. Mill
443A.
TO HERBERT SPENCER1
- Blackheath
Feb. 11. 1860
Dear Sir
I have not the smallest objection to your making the use you propose of my name, or indeed any other use.2 I considered my consent to that as included in becoming a subscriber. The names in your note are very good ones & I hope you will have many more of the same high character.
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
460A.
TO FRANÇOIS AUGUSTE MARIE MIGNET1
- Amélie les Bains
- Pyrénées Orientales
le 17 mai 1860
Monsieur
Je viens de recevoir votre lettre du 28 avril, dans laquelle vous m’avertissez que l’Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques de l’Institut m’a nommé un de ces correspondants pour la section d’Economie Politique en remplacement de mon excellent ami M. Tooke.2
Veuillez, Monsieur, servir d’interprète auprès de l’Académie, à mes sentiments de respectueuse reconnaissance. De tous les honneurs qui pourraient m’arriver, il n’y en a pas un auquel je pourrais être plus sensible qu’à celui qui m’associe au plus illustre de tous les corps savants. Ce sera pour moi un nouveau motif d’essayer de me montrer de plus en plus digne de cette distinction, en continuant de travailler consciencieusement aux sciences dont l’Académie s’occupe, et qui aujourdhui importent encore plus que les sciences physiques à l’amélioration et même au bien-être matériel de l’humanité.
Permettez-moi enfin, Monsieur, de profiter de cette occasion pour vous témoigner, à vous personnellement, la haute estime que je professe depuis longtemps pour vos écrits et pour votre caractère.3
J. Stuart Mill
487A.
TO FRANÇOIS AUGUSTE MARIE MIGNET1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
le 8 avril, 1861
Monsieur
Je suis au moment de publier un Traité du Gouvernement Représentatif,2 dont un exemplaire vous sera promptement expédié, avec prière de le soumettre à l’Académie.
Je n’ose croire que l’ensemble des opinions exposées dans cet ouvrage obtiendra l’assentiment général de l’Académie. Mais j’espère qu’elle m’accordera sa sympathie, que je suis beaucoup plus sûr de mériter; et quel que puisse être son jugement sur l’ouvrage, j’ose dire qu’elle y trouvera un désir vrai d’envisager les questions de tous les côtés, sans parti pris de part ou d’autre.
J’ai l’honneur d’être, Monsieur, avec les sentiments les plus distingués,
votre dévoué serviteur
J. Stuart Mill
487B.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
April 18, 1861
Dear Sir
I am sorry to say I have mislaid the address you gave me, and I am afraid this note may not reach you. If you receive it, will you kindly let me know how to address you in future, and in particular how to send you a copy of a volume I have just published on Representative Government.2
I was much surprised a short time ago to learn from a review which was sent to me, that a translation of the “Liberty” has been published in Germany.3 I know nothing of the translator, who neither had, nor asked for, any authority from me.
In the uncertainty whether what I write will reach you, I say no more at present.
I am Dear Sir
Very truly yours
J.S. Mill
I propose remaining here till the beginning of June.
492A.
TO NASSAU W. SENIOR1
- Avignon
May 24. 1861
Dear Senior
As far as I have power over the paper by Tocqueville in the London and Westminster (if I have any such power) I most willingly consent to its being made use of in the manner you propose.2 I believe however it will be found that the article, though in itself of very great interest, is superseded by the volume “L’ancien régime et la révolution,”3 of which it may be said to be, as far as it goes, the first draft.
If we could but have your volumes of Tocqueville’s conversations! Some time or other, doubtless, they will be published.4
I am very desirous to read your book on Education, which I suppose is the separate report Chadwick told me of, and I am glad it has the dimensions of a book.5 Please send it, not here, but to Blackheath Park, as I expect to be there early in June. My full address here is Saint-Véran, près Avignon, Vaucluse, but your letter came duly, though directed simply Avignon, France.
I am Dear Senior
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
494A.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
July 3, 1861
Dear Sir
About three months ago I published a volume on Representative Government of which one of the first copies would have been sent to you, had I not unfortunately forgotten and mislaid your address.2 I wrote to you from Avignon a note directed only to Herr Theodor Gomperz, in Wien, on the bare chance that it might reach you, but I suppose it did not. On returning from the South I have for the first time been able to make a regular search for the address you gave me, and have fortunately found it. I have therefore directed my publisher to send you a copy without delay.
I was vexed to find, from a German Review which was sent to me, that a translation has been made into German, I know not by whom, of the little volume on Liberty.3 Had my consent been asked, I should not have given it, unless I had heard from you that you had abandoned the intention you at one time had of translating the book. But as I made no reservation of the right of translation, my consent was not necessary. Indeed I do not even know that England has any convention on the subject with the German States.
I should much like to hear from you respecting yourself, and your literary and other doings and projects. I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
503A.
TO ANDRÉ COCHUT1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
le 8 août 1861
Monsieur
Quand j’eus l’honneur de vous voir à la réunion de la Société d’Economie Politique,2 vous avez eu la bonté de m’offrir des renseignements sur l’état actuel des associations ouvrières. Je tiens beaucoup à être bien informé sur ce sujet, d’autant plus que je m’occupe actuellement de la révision de mon traité d’Economie Politique pour une édition nouvelle;3 et comme nul autre en France n’est plus compétent, je crois même que nul n’est aussi compétent que vous en cette matière, ce serait une véritable obligation que je vous aurais si vous vouliez bien me donner les renseignemens en question, ou m’indiquer le moyen de me les procurer.
Ne sachant pas votre adresse, je vous écris par l’intermédiaire de M. Guillaumin.4
Veuillez agréer, Monsieur, l’expression de mes sentiments les plus distingués.
J.S. Mill
527A.
TO CATHERINE HELEN SPENCE1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
Jan. 12. 1862
Dear Madam
I received your letter at this place, but the pamphlet you did me the favour to send has not been forwarded, and I do not expect to see it until I return to England.2 I therefore suggest your making other arrangements for sending the pamphlets to Mr Helps and Mr Buckle;3 neither can I, in general, undertake to forward papers. I have read your letters in the Adelaide newspaper,4 and found them a very clear and useful statement of Mr Hare’s plan and its merits. You will be glad to hear, if you have not already heard it from himself, that Mr Hare thinks very favourably of your pamphlet. It is much to be desired that the attempt to bring the plan before your House of Assembly, should be repeated.5 The question is sure to be advanced by discussion. It is decidedly making progress in many other parts of the world besides England and Australia.
I was not aware that, as you say, the association with my name is likely to bring discredit on the plan in South Australia, and I am sorry to hear that you think so: if it is so, however, you do judiciously to avoid it. I suppose I am to understand the sentence in your letter which includes giving the suffrage to women in the category of “absurdities” as ironical.
I am Dear Madam
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
527B.
TO CAROLINE WELLS DALL1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
- Vaucluse, France
Jan. 15. 1862
Dear Madam
I had the honour of receiving at this place, your letter of November 1st: but as the book you were kind enough to send,2 does not seem to have found its way to my publishers, Messrs Parker, along with the letter, I am as yet ignorant even of its subject. But I cannot doubt that one who expresses so strong an interest in the memory of her whom I have lost, is a participator in her and my opinions, at least on the one point which, with us both, was and is the most fundamental of all. You ask for information respecting her. About two years ago, in reprinting from the Westminster Review her article headed “Enfranchisement of Women,” to be included with some of my own writings in a collection entitled “Dissertations and Discussions,” I prefixed a few paragraphs, containing what I felt prompted to say, and as much as I thought suitable to be said, to those who were personally strangers to her.3 Only those who knew her can appreciate how vain it would be to attempt to convey in words an impression of a character so rich and various as hers. It is the object of my life to express in my writings as much as I can render of the thoughts and sentiments which she inspired.
I am Madam
very faithfully yours
J.S. Mill
529A.
TO GILBERT URBAIN GUILLAUMIN1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
le 22 janvier 1862
Mon cher Monsieur
J’apprends de M. Dupont-White que sa traduction va paraître très prochainement.2 Outre l’exemplaire que je vous ai prié d’envoyer, pour mon compte, à M. Auguste Picard3 je vous prie de vouloir bien en envoyer un autre à M. le capitaine d’artillerie Célestin de Blignières,4 Rue de Madame, 40.
Je vous ai expédié, il y a quelques semaines, par mandat de poste, avec le prix de plusieurs livres, le montant de mon abonnement au Journal des Economistes pour l’année suivante. Le numéro du 15 janvier ne m’est pourtant pas encore parvenu. Je pars le 29 janvier pour voyager en Grèce, mais comptant revenir ici avant de passer en Angleterre, je vous engage à envoyer toujours le Journal à Saint-Véran comme auparavant.
Ma fille se recommande aux souvenirs amicaux de Mademoiselle Guillaumin,5 et je vous prie, mon cher Monsieur, d’agréer mes salutations amicales.
J.S. Mill
M. Littré a écrit pour le Journal des Débats des articles sur mon livre et sur les livres de M. Dupont-White.6 Oserai-je vous prier, lorsqu’ils auront paru, de m’envoyer les numéros qui les contiennent? Adressés Poste Restante à Athènes, ils me trouveraient jusqu’au milieu ou à la fin de mai. Je vous en rembourserai à la première occasion.
J.S.M.
529B.
TO JOHN WILLIAM PARKER1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
Jan. 25. 1862
Dear Sir
Many thanks for the cheque, and for your attention to my wishes about the separate copies.2 We shall not be able to leave till the 30th, so that I can have a day’s more proofs.3 Anything posted on Tuesday will reach me before I start. And anything sent so as to be delivered here by the 12th (to make sure of which, it would have to be posted not later than the 9th if a letter, or the 8th if anything printed) will reach Athens by a private hand, as soon as I shall myself. I should therefore like the February Fraser to be sent here in the usual manner. The separate copies may remain with you for the present, as I may perhaps think of some more persons to whom I should wish copies sent. Newspapers from Australia, and the Séances et Travaux de l’Académie,4 may wait for the present.
After the 9th, please direct Poste Restante, Athens, till further notice. Any letters with “to be forwarded” written on them, I should wish sent there. Any others may be sent here, to wait for my return. If there is a book post to Athens, I should be obliged by your sending the March and April numbers of Fraser by it: if not, please send them here as usual.
I inclose the list of persons whom I wish to receive copies of the new editions of the Logic and Political Economy;5 all expenses of carriage to be at my charge. Please remember to have “from the author” written in all of them. I am, Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
538A.
TO CHARLES EDWARD TREVELYAN1
- Athens
June 11. 1862
My dear Sir Charles
Professor Villari, of the University of Pisa, a very valued friend of mine,2 is in England on a mission from the Italian Government to collect information useful to Italy on the subject of public education. He is particularly interested in the question of competitive examination, which has been mooted in Italy also, with a practical object. The manner in which you have laboured in that cause,3 and the inestimable obligations which it owes to you, have emboldened me to think that an opportunity of serving it further might be agreeable to you, and that I might venture to give Mr Villari an introduction to you. You will find him a highly favourable specimen of a country in which all liberal Englishmen now feel so deep an interest; and there are, I should think, few persons whose opinions on Italian affairs are better worth having, as well as on many other subjects. Among other writings of merit, Mr Villari is the author of an interesting and valuable life of Savonarola.4
I am my dear Sir Charles
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
538B.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Athens
June 12. 1862
Dear Sir
My daughter and I have been travelling in Greece and purpose to take Pesth and Vienna in our way back. I should be very sorry to be in your neighbourhood without seeing you, and you would much oblige me if you would write a line to me, directed Poste Restante Constantinople (where we shall be in a month from this time, and perhaps sooner) to tell me whether you expect to be in Vienna, or where else, during the month of August. Hoping for the pleasure of seeing and conversing with you at that time, I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
554.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
Sept. 17. 1862
Dear Sir
aWe have now been more than a fortnight in this quiet harbour, after ourblongb journey, and are fully enjoying its peacefulness. We did not see so much of the Alps as we expected after leaving Ischla: the ascent of the Schaffberg the next day was very pleasant, but the rain which set in on that very evening kept us three days within doors at Salzburg, and then only intermitted long enough to enable us to see Berchtesgaden and the Königsee, which came up to our highest expectations. By the time we reached Gastein, the rain had come again, and the place being quite full, we did not remain. Had we done so, we could not have made a single excursion, so rainy did the weather become, and we had no more fine weather, except one day at Innsbrück. What is more, we have found rainy weather here also, which usually does not set in till the latter half of October. cI am doing little at present but reading up the French and English reviews. But since I arrived I have written and sent off an article on the American question (à propos of Mr Cairnes’ book) which will be in the Westminster Review next month .2 A very interesting series of notes on America and on the war have been published this summer in an English periodical (Macmillan’s Magazine) and are, I see, lately reprinted as a volume, under the title of “Six Months in the Federal States”: the author is a Mr Dicey, who had within the last two years published a book on Rome and Italy.3 He writes very judiciously, as well as with right feeling, on the whole subject, and what he says respecting the people of the North, being evidently a faithful transcript of what he has seen and heard, ought to have some influence. The Times, as might be expected, is as bad as ever, and even more undisguised in the expression of its bad wishes. It let out, however, a curious admission the other day—that whatever might be in other respects the issue of this war, it must lead to the destruction of Slavery.4 This will be true if the North succeeds; but if the South should be successful, I expect the very reverse. In Europe things appear to be going on well, as far at least as mental progress is concerned. This is very visible in the higher order of writers in France; among whom I invariably remark that what is bad in thought or sentiment is found chiefly in the publicists who had made themselves known before 1848, and that the dgeneral toned of those who have risen into notice since that time is both higher in morality, and more philosophic ine intellect. The Garibaldi affair is very painful, but it has ended as little mischievously as perhaps it could have done.5 It has at least given Louis Napoleon no pretext for intervention, and less excuse than ever for keeping his troops in Rome;6 while Garibaldi, it is to be hoped, is still reserved for better times. If it also destroys Rattazzi,7 that will be another benefit arising from it.c
I have found Dr Schiel’s letter;8 it is dated Frankfurt. Let me hear from you now and then.—fWith our compliments to your sister I am
yours very gtrulyg
J.S. Mill
P.S. I had written the preceding before I received yours.f We have, as you see, arrived safely, and hI should have written before, had I thought you would have felt any such anxiety as you mention on our account .9 It will always be a pleasure to me to hear from you: let me know what you are doing and thinking, and how the political affairs of your country are proceeding. I can assure you that however little expression I may habitually give to such a feeling you are one of the few persons whose friendship I value, and whom I would gladly see asserting an influence on the current of public affairs.h
J.S.M.
564.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
Dec. 14. 1862
Dear Sir
aI am here, and in good health, anda I will not wait for the further letter which you promise, before saying how glad I shall be to see you in January, and thanking you as well for the kind and friendly feelings shewn in your letter as for the very interesting information contained in it. I am particularly glad of what you have been doing on the subject of the Principle of Contradiction, as I have commenced writing something2 to which a full understanding of that subject is indispensable, and I do not feel that I have yet thoroughly mastered it. Your account of Austrian politics is very valuable, and I thank you for the American news, which, as you anticipated, was entirely unknown to me. The paper giving an account of my article in Fraser reached me duly.3 I am much gratified that you thought the article worth so full an abstract even for Germany, though I am almost ashamed of the very flattering terms in which you spoke of it and of me.
I am very glad that you are so far advanced with the Logic, and I return your paper of questions duly filled up. I am much interested also with your Herculanean speculations. bEn attendant your further letter I am, Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Millb
Dez. 62
1. Will you kindly allow me to apply to you even now for such information and advice, as I am unable to get from any other quarter and also to signify this fact, the assistance given me by you both on the title-page by calling the translation executed: Mit Genehmigung und unter Mitwirkung,4of the Author, and in the preface, where this cooperation is to be more strictly defined and limited to what it really is?
Certainly.
2. The fallacies of Simple Inspection5have always been a stumbling block to me, not the thing but the name you have chosen to designate them. I had translated the words by “Trugschlüsse der einfachen Wahrnehmung,” but this word, the equivalent of Perception has too special a meaning to be used in so wide a sense. Would it falsify or distort your meaning to call them “Trugschlüsse des unmittelbaren Bewusstseins,” that is “Fallacies of Consciousness”? If being the distinctive property of this tribe of fallacies is to be—wrong—inferences which are mistaken for self-evident or intuitive truths, this designation might perhaps fit them?
The description seems a good one, and in any case you are the best judge.
3. You will probably not object to my omitting the note at the foot of I, p. 36 and for other reasons the foot-notes I p. 108-9 and I p. 343-4?6I confess, I ask such questions as these chiefly in order that I may be able to declare, without untruth, that no note has been omitted without your express permission. In the text nothing has been omitted, except untranslateable passages, viz. those which refer to peculiarities of the English language or of single terms and their acceptations.
All these suppressions are very proper.
4. I p. 4, l. 15 fr. bel. “sanctioned by high authorities”7refers to the term, not to “an extension of the term”?
To “an extension of the term.”
5. I p. 308, l. 17 fr. bel. “an assertion involved in the meaning of terms”8 = concerned with the meaning &c, not = implied in the meaning &c? In other words I am not quite sure whether that expression is an equivalent of “an identical proposition” or of “a mode of defining” &c which follows.
A definition is, in my sense of the terms, an “identical proposition.” But it is of no consequence which of the phrases is used as either will fit my idea.
571A.
TO EDWIN CHADWICK1
- Blackheath
Tuesday
[1863?]
Dear Chadwick
The statistics you refer me to would be of great use to me. How are the “Miscellaneous Statistics of the United Kingdom for 1862” to be got?2 Are they on sale anywhere,
yrs in haste
J.S. Mill
571B.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
[1863-64?]
La prospérité et le bonheur de la Grèce seront assurés du jour que son peuple saura imposer à ses hommes politiques l’obligation de s’occuper des intérêts matériaux et moraux de la nation.
J. Stuart Mill
589A.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath
Feb. 20. 1863
Dear Sir
I think it is as well to send you at once an introduction to Mr Grote, which can be presented whenever it happens to be convenient. If he should not be at his town residence when you call, you could leave the note with your card and address, when he would probably write to let you know when he would be disengaged. I am, Dear Sir
ever yours truly
J.S. Mill
589B.
TO THE EDITOR OF THE SPECTATOR1
- Blackheath Park
Feb. 20. 1863
Mr J.S. Mill presents his compliments to the Editor of the Spectator, and encloses for any use which the Editor may be able to make of it, some valuable remarks on Austrian politics, extracted from a letter which he lately received from a very able, highly cultivated, and high principled Austrian.2
Mr Mill cannot omit the opportunity of expressing the very high estimation, both moral and intellectual, in which he holds the Spectator, under its present management.3
594A.
TO JAMES EDWIN THOROLD ROGERS1
- Blackheath Park
Feb. 25. 1863
Dear Sir
Many thanks for your kind invitation, but I am quite unable to spare time for the visit you propose.2
The extension of the middle class examinations to both sexes would indeed be an important improvement.3
The system of farming which you mention4 differs from the metayer system in its characteristic feature, the division of the produce. That the landlord should provide the stock and implements is a matter of necessity in a state of things in which the tenant cannot; unless, as in Ireland, both parties are willing to dispense with anything which can be called stock or implements at all. In this point of view, the beginning and ending of the system you mention must be among the landmarks in the progress of society in England.
I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
595A.
TO JOHN WILLIAM PARKER1
- Blackheath
March 4. [1863]
Dear Sir
I yesterday sent you a list of persons to whom I wish to have copies sent, in my name, of the Utilitarianism,2 and I now write to request that you will also send to Max Kyllmann Esq. Manchester3 twelve copies of the second edition of “Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform.”
I am Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
595B.
TO MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GRANT DUFF1
- Blackheath
March 4, 1863
Dear Sir
I am glad that the editorship of the National Review is in what you consider competent hands2 though want of time and the greater urgency of other claims have obliged me to decline Mr Pearson’s proposal.
I do not like to ask my friends to come to this distance for the very little time I can spare to them, but if you should happen to be coming into this neighbourhood I should at any time be happy to see you.
I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
595C.
TO CHARLES HENRY PEARSON1
- Blackheath Park
March 5. 1863
Dear Sir
I think very favourably of the National Review, and consider it and its writers as an important element in the mental progress of this country; but I have so many other calls on me and so little time at my disposal to meet them, that it is quite impossible for me to undertake the article you propose, or to come under any new literary engagement whatever.
Periodical writing of any kind is with me only an exception.
I am Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
C.H. Pearson Esq.
600A.
TO FRANÇOIS AUGUSTE MARIE MIGNET1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
le 21 mars 1863
Monsieur
J’ai chargé mon éditeur de vous adresser par la poste un petit volume sur la morale de l’utilité,2 dont je vous prie de vouloir bien faire hommage en mon nom à l’Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques de l’Institut.
Je sais, Monsieur, que les opinions énoncées dans cet opuscule ont peu ou point d’approbateurs dans l’Académie, et que le seul genre de succès qu’il me soit permis d’espérer pour lui auprès de cet illustre corps, est celui d’être regardé comme ayant une certaine valeur en qualité de simple discussion. Mais je sais aussi que les membres de l’Académie sont trop éclairés pour ne pas reconnaître que la discussion conscientieuse et réfléchie des grandes questions de l’humanité fait toujours jaillir quelque lumière.
Agréez, Monsieur, l’expression de ma haute et sincère estime, et de ma considération la plus respectueuse.
J.S. Mill
603A.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath
Wednesday
[25 Mar., 1863]
Dear Sir
Mr Fawcett,2 who is going to the meeting tomorrow,3 undertakes to get an admission for you; so if you will come here and take your dinner with us we will go together afterwards to the meeting, calling on Mr Fawcett by the way.
If anything should prevent you from coming here, Mr Fawcett’s address is 16 Spring Gardens Charing Cross and if you will go there at half past seven I will meet you there. But I hope to see you here.
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
617.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath
Thursday aevga
[11 June, 1863]
Dear Sir
M. Louis Blanc2bbeing unable to come tomorrowb , has fixed to dine with us on Sunday (at five). We shall therefore hope to see you and Mr Wessel3 on Sunday cinstead of tomorrowc .
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
617A.
TO JAMES EDWIN THOROLD ROGERS1
- Blackheath Park
June 14. 1863
Dear Sir
You have done very rightly and judiciously, and I am glad to be spared the crowd and turmoil of the present occasion. I should be a little ashamed, too, as well as surprised, at being thought sufficiently orthodox when Kingsley is not.2
I think with you that both American and French affairs look more hopeful. The French elections must startle the wise journalists and others who have been affirming for years that the French like and demand despotism, though they knew all the while that the French had no means (except a general election) of publicly shewing dislike to it.3
In America the pertinacity of the Free States gives me great confidence in their ultimate success, and I have always thought that this war and all its circumstances were very likely to elevate the national character, as well as to stir up thought in the more cultivated minds, in a way that there seemed little hope of before. I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
637A.
TO THOMAS BAYLEY POTTER1
- Blackheath
Aug. 24. 1863
Dear Sir
Allow me to thank you for the present of game which you have been kind enough to send.
All the recent American news is most cheering, and there now seems little ground of fear for the future. I wish I could see signs of a corresponding improvement in English opinion on the subject. It is still the working classes and the greater as well as better part of the literary class, against all other classes, with comparatively few noble individual exceptions. The Union and Emancipation Society counts a great number of these among its promoters, and it has done excellent service by its interesting and important publications.2 If the Society wants, or whenever it does want, a renewal of subscriptions, I beg you to let me know, and I will again send my mite. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
T.B. Potter Esq.
639.
TO JOSEPHINE VON WERTHEIMSTEIN1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
le 25 août. 1863
Madame
aPardonnez-moi de n’avoir fait jusqu’ici aucune réponse directe à la lettre que vous avez bien voulu m’écrire .2 Je croyais mieux remplir votre désir en écrivant à celui qui est, à juste titre, l’objet de notre commune sollicitude. J’écrivis sans délai, mais comme depuis lors je n’ai pas eu de ses nouvelles, je n’ose presque pas lui écrire de nouveau sans avoir préalablement demandé à vous ou à M. Wessel dans quel état d’esprit il se trouve maintenant. En même temps je remplis le devoir de vous assurer directement à quel point nous partageons votre peine et votre inquiétude. Vous vous êtes servie, Madame, dans votre lettre d’expressions de reconnaissance très au-delà de mon droit. Je serais trop heureux de pouvoir les mériter, mais jusqu’ici je ne vois presque rien que j’aie fait pour lui. S’il y a quelque chose que j’aurais pu faire, c’eût été peut-être de lui donner, par des preuves d’estime, la confiance qui lui manquait en lui-même. Ces preuves d’estime, il les a eues, non seulement de moi mais de M. Grote, et je le crois sincèrement, de tous ceux qui l’ont connu ici. Cela n’a servi bdeb rien quant à présent, mais il faut croire que cela ne sera pas perdu dans l’avenir. J’ai reconnu cdansc lui, dès le commencement, une haute capacité intellectuelle: cette impression est allée toujours en s’accroissant, tandis qu’une connaissance plus intime y a ajouté une véritable estime morale. Ce n’est que plus tard que j’ai reconnu chez lui cette extrême sensibilité aux impressions pénibles, qui le rend en même temps très susceptible de souffrance et peu accessible aux consolations. En lui écrivant je m’efforce toujours dded le décider à en chercher dans les hauts travaux intellectuels dont il est si capable, et dans la carrière utile et honorable qu’il peut remplir dans le monde de l’intelligence comme dans celui des intérêts sociaux. Si j’ai quelque pouvoir sur son esprit, je ne me lasserai pas de l’exercer dans ce sens: et, ses autres amis aidant, nous finirons peutêtre par réussir.a
Je dois à M. Wessel des remerciments dont je vous prie, Madame, d’être l’interprète auprès de lui. eS’il est encore avec vous je lui aurai une véritable obligation toutes les fois qu’il voudra bien nous donner des nouvelles de son ami.e Nous partons incessamment pour Avignon, où nous resterons jusqu’au commencement de l’année prochaine.
Veuillez, Madame, agréer l’hommage de mes sentiments les plus distingués.
J.S. Mill
644.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
Sept. 17. 1863
Dear Sir
Let me next thank you, which I do bveryb sincerely, for telling me frankly what you have conc your mind against me. The only way to clear up misunderstandings is to speak plainly about them, and some of the impressions which seem to have been made upon you are such as if you had not told them to me, I certainly should never have guessed. I feel as strongly as you do the ludicrousness of your having to ask me what I have seen to make me entertain I know not what mean opinion of you, and I wonder that what you feel to be so ridiculous, you should nevertheless have thought to be probable. I may in my turn ask you, what you have seen in me which made it likely that, absolutely without cause, I should have formed an unfavourable opinion of one for whom I have professed, and continue to profess, so much esteem and regard? As to the idea that any intimate friend of mine, or any person deriving information from me, has spread any reports or communicated any impressions disadvantageous to you, I am sure, since you say it, that you yourself fully believe it, but I tell you with the same frankness you have used to me, that I disbelieve it totally.
Surely, too, I may well be surprised that you should think anything of a bad joke about Vienna, which I have not the smallest recollection of making, but which, I am quite sure, had not the slightest reference to you? I can only have meant, that the next time we went to Vienna there would perhaps be something new to be seen there.
My letter from Avignon2 was quite another thing, and knowing as I now do the state of your feelings, I can well understand your being pained by it. But you must recollect that I did not dthen knowd what I know now,3 and it never entered into my head that your object in coming was to say anything particular, which you thought you had not had an opportunity of saying before. I thought that you simply desired to see the place and to see us, and in so doing I neither thought you obtrusive, nor imagined that you expected anything but what your knowledge of our friendship for you perfectly entitled you to expect. But knowing that my time was much occupied, I feared you might be disappointed; and it seemed right to let you know that I could not give you so full and free an invitation to come whenever it might be convenient to you, as I had done in England; and to tell you so before you had undertaken so long a journey under what might have been a mistaken impression that I had more leisure for seeing friends here than in England. I thought I was using a freedom which I could not have taken with a mere acquaintance, but which I ewase even bound to use with a friend.a
To speak now of a pleasanter subject; your publisher4 has no need to take any steps for obtaining authority to publish a translation of the Utilitarianism. I am the sole owner of the copy right, and neither I nor my publisher has made any reservation of the right of translating that or any other of my works. But as you wish for a declaration that you have my concurrence and sanction for translating it, I give you such a declaration with much pleasure. As you have not told me in what language it should be written, I write it in English, but will repeat it in French if desired. I expect both pleasure and benefit from the essay of your own which you intend prefixing to it.5
With our kind regards to your sister and to Mr. Wessel, I am, Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
671A.
TO JOHN PLUMMER1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
Jan. 24 1864
Dear Sir,
I thank you for your two letters, and their various inclosures, by which I have been much interested. I hope that your connection with the Sydney Morning Herald2 will continue as satisfactorily as it has begun. I have read all your articles in the Penny Newsman3 some of which I liked very much and I have little doubt that I shall like your Essay on Colonies; but I will, as you desire, criticize it freely.4 I do not, any more than you, agree entirely with Mr Goldwin Smith.5 I think that a sort of modified federation between a mother country and colonies may be usefully maintained as long as neither party desires to separate.
Do not send anything more to this address at present, as we return to England in a fortnight.6 I need hardly say that we shall be glad to see you at Blackheath when you are in town and it is convenient to you to come.
With our kind remembrances to Mrs Plummer, I am,
very sincerely yours
J.S. Mill
671B.
TO THE GARDENERS’ CHRONICLE AND AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
Jan. 26, 1864
I have just seen in a newspaper a piece of intelligence which I earnestly hope is not true, but which is stated so circumstantially that I fear there must be some foundation for it.2 The statement is, that the Royal Horticultural Society intends offering three prizes for the three best herbaria of every county in England, and three additional prizes, for the best of these best. If this most inconsiderate resolution has really been taken, I am sure it must have been in the absence of those members of the Council who have any real sympathy with British Botany. If it be carried into effect, the present year 1864 will be marked in our botanical annals as the date of the extinction of nearly all the rare species in our already so scanty flora. If the extirpation of these rarities had been the direct object of the Society, they could have done nothing more effectual than by inviting, not simply three botanists in every county, but all the dabblers in plant collecting, a race whose selfish rapacity certainly needs no additional stimulation, and all of whom may think they have a chance of one of these prizes, and holding out to them a positive inducement to hunt out all the rare plants in every part of the country and to carry off all they find, or destroy what they do not carry off, in order that not only they may themselves possess the plants, but that their competitors may not. Already our rare plants are becoming scarcer every year. You are, no doubt, aware how rapidly, for example, the rare Kentish Orchids are disappearing. The Royal Horticultural Society is proposing to treat rare plants as King Alfred treated wolves,3 and this under the profession of encouraging local botany—as if local botany could be encouraged by destroying that on which it feeds, or as if anyone were likely to begin studying the science in hopes of collecting a good local flora in a single summer. All local botanists will be thrown into consternation by this project, and, if it is not yet too late, I am sure they would all join in entreating you to use your good influence towards stopping so destructive a scheme.4
J.S.M.
683A.
TO GEORGE GROTE1
- Blackheath
March 25. 1864
My dear Grote
I inclose a copy of M. Barrère’s printed testimonials.2 They will shew you how successful he is considered to have been as a teacher; which must tend greatly to make his judgment a good one as to the questions which test acquirements.
He is one of the very few French teachers in England who are teachers by profession and not from accidental circumstances; and the Society of French Teachers in London has shewn its opinion of him by putting him first on the list of its Vice Presidents, M. Cassal, your late Examiner, being President.3
With our kind regards to Mrs Grote—I am yrs ever truly,
J.S. Mill
689A.
TO MAXWELL TYLDEN MASTERS1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
April 7. 1864
Mr J.S. Mill presents his compliments to Mr Masters and if Mr Masters is disposed to join in the accompanying representation to the Council of the Horticultural Society,2 and has not already signed another copy, requests the favour of his signing and returning it either to the undermentioned address or to Professor Babington, Cambridge.3
Many of the most distinguished botanists have already either given or promised their signature.
690A.
TO JAMES FITZJAMES STEPHEN1
- B[lackheath] P[ark]
April 12, 1864
Dear Sir—
You have put to me a question which it is very difficult, or rather impossible, to answer satisfactorily. There is no one living of whom I would venture to affirm beforehand that he might be expected to write such a treatise on the fundamental problems of religion & morals that it would be good for him to give up a profession he likes & change his plans of life rather than not write it. I should expect confidently that if you threw your whole mind into writing such a book, or indeed any other book which you are at all likely to write, it would, at the least, contain a great deal that would be valuable. But it deserves consideration whether even the best book that could be written in our day, on morals & religion generally, would do more good than may be done by the continual illustration & discussion of the leading points of those subjects, in connection with particular speculative or practical questions. For such discussion you have a decided talent, & it would afford the materials of many books as well as periodical writings. However this may be, the question is one which no one but yourself can decide. It is my creed that any one who can do anything, of an intellectual kind, well, is usually a better judge than other people what he can do best, & what it is of most use for him to attempt.
We leave for Avignon before next Sunday, but after our return I shall be happy to have any discussions you may desire with you.
700.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath Park
June 26. 1864
Dear Sir
I have delayed writing, in hopes that I should, long before this, have heard from you of your intended publication;2 but aI have now been so long without news of any kind from you, that I much wish to know how you are in health, and how you are going on in all respects .3 You would be very much mistaken if you thought that I feel less interested in you, or less desirous to hear from you, than before the painful circumstances which were the subject of our latest correspondence. If these circumstances make any difference, it is the contrary way. And, besides my interest in you, I feel a strong interest in what you do. I believe you to be capable, as few are, of doing important things both in philosophy and in erudition—the former of a kind specially required at the present time, and perhaps even more so in Germany than elsewhere: and I am anxious that such a capacity should be turned, as much as possible, to the benefit of the world.
I have little to tellb which regards us. Our life has been going on in the usual manner. I have been working hard at my book on Hamilton ,4 and it is now well advanced towards completion. You are one of the most competent judges of such a book, and one of those whose approbation of it I most desire.
I lately saw M. Littré5 at Paris, and in conversing with him on the state of German philosophy, I mentioned your name. I was glad to find that he is in correspondence with you, and to the extent of his opportunities, appreciates you justly.a
I am Dear Sir
ever sincerely yours
J.S. Mill
713A.
TO [WILLIAM DOUGAL CHRISTIE]1
- Blackheath
Aug. 11, 1864
Dear Sir
I thank you for the volume on Brazil.2 I am far too deeply interested in the slavery question not to have attended to what is going on respecting it in Brazil as far as I had the means. I have read all the letters signed C (not doubting that they were yours)3 as well as all those of your antagonist,4 and the comparison has strengthened the impression I already had that you are entirely in the right. But there is a strong party in England now who will always give slaveholders their good word in spite of all evidence. It is no wonder you have against you those who are again trying to induce England to renounce the attempt to check the African slave trade.5 But the Daily News ought not to join with them, and, I am convinced, would not, if better informed.
You are very usefully doing what you can to inform it better. I am
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
720A.
TO MESSRS. PRESCOTT, GROTE & CO.1
- Avignon
Sept. 29. 1864
Dear Sirs
Be pleased to receive my quarterly payment from the India Office due today, and oblige
yours very truly,
J.S. Mill
Messrs Prescott, Grote & Co
758A.
TO JOHN RUSSELL1
- Blackheath
Feb. 24. 1865
Dear Lord Amberley
I send you the letter from my friend Mr Kyllmann2 which I mentioned to you the other day. Since the receipt of it, I have received another, which I also enclose, because I think it alters the aspect of matters considerably and I doubt altogether whether Mr Kyllmann’s plans will be carried out for some time to come. But they are for the future: and I think you will be interested in seeing that there is a considerable following for them among the younger leaders of the working men.
As you will see that I was asked to take an active part in the intended movement, it may be well to say that I have refused to join in demanding the suffrage for all men, to the exclusion of women, and required also a writing and cyphering qualification, and Hare’s system.3 I am, Dear Lord Amberley
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
806.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
April 30. 1865
Dear Sir
aI have delayed thanking you for the first number of your Herculanean series ,2 in hopes that I should have been able to say something about the work itself. I have, however, been so busy, that I have not yet had time to do more than read your Preface and Introduction and merely glance at the Greek text. What you say of it, however, proves it to be, at the very least, a highly important and novel contribution to the history of Greek thought; and I look forward with great pleasure to making a real study of it at some not distant time.
But, interesting as such labours are, you are capable of things much more valuable than such mere editorial work. I cannot wish that you should leave unfinished what you have so well begun, but I shall be glad when the time comes to which you seemed to be looking forward in your last letter, now some months ago.a In the same letter you promised me a longer one, which I hope will not be much longer delayed; though, by my own delay in writing to you, I have almost lost the right to say so.
bI hope, before this, you have received the book on Hamilton, and also the first of two articles which I have written on Comte’s philosophy. The second article is in print, and I expect to be able to send it to you before it is published in England .3 I shall be well content if you are half as well pleased with these, as you are sure to be with Mr Grote’s book on Plato.4 This is nearly all printed, and I have read most of it; and both in point of learning and of thought it comes up to my highest expectations. It cannot, I think, fail to produce a great effect in Germany, where the thoroughness of his knowledge of the subject will be much better appreciated than by an unlearned public, which can only take it on trust.b
With our kind remembrances to your sister and to Mr Wessel, believe me ever
yours most truly
J.S. Mill
819A.
TO WILLIAM STANLEY JEVONS1
- Avignon
May 15. 1865
Dear Sir
I did receive, and thought that I had acknowledged, the copy you were kind enough to send of your work on Logic.2 I read it attentively, and the only knowledge I have of Prof. Boole’s system is derived from it.3 My impression was, that there is great ingenuity and power of consecutive thought, both in the system itself, and in your modification of it. But you are quite right in supposing that I do not see, in the result attained, any value commensurate with the mental effort. I look upon it as I do upon Mr De Morgan’s elaborate system of numerically definite propositions and syllogisms: as a remarkable feat of mental gymnastics, capable of being very useful in the way of a scholastic exercise, but of no considerable utility for any other purpose.4
I did not make any mention of Mr Boole in my book on Hamilton, the book being quite long enough as it was. But if you, or any other of Mr Boole’s admirers,5 should make the book an occasion for raising any discussion on the point, I shall be very well pleased.
I am Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
833A.
TO JAMES FITZJAMES STEPHEN1
- Mont Doré les Bains
June 18. 1865
Dear Sir
Of the articles you mention, the only ones I distinctly recollect are those on Newman and Merivale, and of those I well remember that I thought highly.2 What points there were, if any, on which I differed from you, I could not say from present recollection. But I should suppose that the amount of thought, not of a commonplace kind, which they contain, and their applicability to existing and important controversies, would quite warrant their republication. I will however look at them again. I have most of the numbers of Fraser for the last few years, and could probably turn to all the articles you mention.3
I am glad that you have thoughts of standing at the election, and should be much pleased by your success.4
I hope to see you at the Club on the 7th,5 when we may perhaps be able to arrange a walk or a talk before you go on circuit.
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
839A.
TO ALEXANDER BAIN1
- Blackheath
July 1. 1865
Dear Bain
I arrived here yesterday quite unexpectedly, finding it impossible any longer to resist the pressure put upon me by the Westminster Committee to shew myself to my supporters, and to the electors generally.2 In consequence I find occupation cut out for me for almost every evening up to Friday,3 and the remainder of my time will not be more than enough for preparation. I might perhaps manage to have a walk with you in the Park on Tuesday afternoon if convenient to you: otherwise I shall be obliged to put off seeing you till Friday, by which time I hope my troubles will be over. We hope you and Mrs Bain4 will dine with us on Sunday the 9th at six. During the week following I shall be more at leisure, for the election is to be on Tuesday the 11th.
ever yours truly
J.S. Mill
844A.
TO [JAMES ALFRED COOPER]1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
July 13. 1865
Sir
I received your letter, and the volume of the British Controversialist long after date, being absent from Avignon at the time, and it was still longer before I had time to examine the notices relating to myself,2 or to answer your letter. There are in the notices a greater amount of authentic details than I could at all have expected, mixed however with some considerable inaccuracies which I should have been glad to correct, had I not been prevented from doing so in time for the number of the Controversialist which you designated for receiving the correction.
I have hitherto thought that my System of Logic is not of a sufficiently popular character to call for a popular edition.3 The subject, however, is open to consideration. I am, Sir
very faithfully yours
J.S. Mill
846A.
TO WILLIAM LONGMAN1
- Blackheath
July 15. 1865
Dear Sir
I thank you for your congratulations and will endeavour to send enough of the Logic2 to begin printing from at the earliest time possible.
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
862AA.
TO JOHN WATKINS1
- [Blackheath Park]
Aug. 11. 1865
Dear Sir
My dislike of the majority of the photographs is no disparagement to the photographer, as I am much pleased with those I think successful.2
I am leaving town very soon,3 and am so extremely busy that I cannot possibly find time for another sitting during the interval. But is there any hindrance to taking a fresh photograph of the photographs themselves? It is surely often done from engravings.
If it would be any accommodation to you I can dispense with some of the 200 copies. Fifty of each will be quite enough for the present, and I can order others when I want them; going without, in case they are not to be had. You are also welcome to take as many as you like from the cameo.
I will return both the framed portraits, as I do not desire to keep the one in profile, though I quite approve of it.
I thank you for the likeness of Mr Hughes.4
I am dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
John Watkins, Esq.
865A.
TO PHEBE LANKESTER1
- Blackheath Park
Aug. 14. 1865
Dear Madam
I have now the pleasure of inclosing a few photographs,2 of which I request your acceptance for yourself and any friends who have done me the honour to take interest in the election and to whom you may think fit to offer them.
I am Dear Madam
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Mrs Lankester
872B.
TO ARTHUR JOHN WILLIAMS1
- Prague
Sept. 22. 1865
Dear Sir
I have only just received your note of the 7th inst. I am very desirous of promoting the abolition of the remaining exclusions of evidence, and will certainly support in Parliament any movement for that purpose.2 But it is out of my power to attend the approaching meeting of the Social Science Association3 or to write a paper on the question, nor can I even, at present, think of any person to whom I could advise you to apply.4 Very few persons except lawyers have turned their attention to the question. I am, Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
A.J. Williams, Esq.
895A.
TO HENRY WENTWORTH ACLAND1
- Avignon
Dec. 12. 1865
Dear Sir
Your letter has been forwarded to me here, but without the Oration2 and the other works which you have been so kind as to send,3 and which I shall doubtless find at Blackheath when I return there. I am much obliged to you for them, and will not fail to read them as soon as time permits.
You will have found in Comte a broad enough statement, certainly, of the negative doctrine respecting Final Causes,4 but very little argument, for he seemed to imagine that the question had been set at rest by others before him.
I am
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
Dr Acland
903A.
TO JULES ERNEST NAVILLE1
- Avignon
le 4 janvier 1866
Monsieur
Je vous remercie de bon coeur d’avoir bien voulu m’envoyer votre rapport,2 que je trouverai sans doute à mon retour en Angleterre pour l’ouverture très prochaine du parlement, et que je lirai avec le plus vif intérêt. Cet intérêt sera vivement partagé par M. Hare l’auteur réel de la grande et féconde idée3 qui a porté tant de lumières dans mon intelligence comme dans la vôtre. Sans exagération, cette idée a relevé mes espérances et dissipé mes principales craintes pour l’avenir du genre humain.
Je savais déjà, Monsieur, que je n’avais pas l’avantage d’être d’accord avec vous en matière de philosophie. Je n’en mets que plus de prix à l’accord qui existe entre nous sur l’une des plus graves questions de la science politique. Je me flatte d’ailleurs que si nous différons sur quelques-uns des principes les plus généraux, nous tirons souvent peut-être de nos principes différents les mêmes conclusions. Depuis longtemps je pense et je dis que la pratique dépend bien moins de la philosophie première que de la seconde—des axiomata media de Bacon:4 et il m’arrive souvent d’avoir un grand nombre de ceux-ci en commun avec des philosophes qui les acceptent d’intuition tandis que j’y arrive par raisonnement.
Agréez, Monsieur, l’expression de ma haute estime et de mon sincère dévouement.
J.S. Mill
910A.
TO THOMAS HAVLIN1
- Blackheath Park
Jan. 28. 1866
Dear Sir
I enclose one of the photographs for which you do me the honour to express a wish; and in reply to your other request, [breaks off].
I am, Dear Sir
yours faithfully
J.S. Mill
Thomas Havlin Esq.
914A.
TO EDWIN ARNOLD1
- Blackheath Park
Jan. 31. 1866
Dear Sir
It is a very tempting offer to place the great circulation of the Daily Telegraph at my disposal for so important a purpose as the one you mention. As a mark of confidence in me, it deserves my thankful acknowledgment, and I cannot be supposed to be ill affected to a journal which gave me such able and powerful support at the Westminster election. But it is totally impossible for me to have any personal connexion with a paper which takes the part the Telegraph does on the Jamaica question.2 Not only every principle I have, but the honour and character of England for generations to come, are at stake in the condign punishment of the atrocities of which, by their own not confession, but boast, the Jamaica authorities have been guilty; and I cannot, while that question is pending, select as my official organ on another subject, a paper with which, in a matter of such transcendant importance, I am at open war.3
I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Edwin Arnold Esq.
914B.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
- Blackheath
Feb. 3. 1866
Dear Sir
I return the article from the Scotsman2 which is excellent.
Do you know what are Neate’s3 opinions on the subject? If they are right, he would be a very fit man to make the first move.
I am Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
914C.
TO [RALPH BERNAL?] OSBORNE1
Wednesday.
[Feb.-Apr. 1866?]
Mr Mill presents his compliments to Mr Osborne and incloses a gallery order for Monday next, having given his order for every day this week.
920A.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
- Blackheath Park
Feb. 16. 1866
Sir
I have had the honour of receiving your note of yesterday’s date, but considering the great pressure of applications for admission for the Speaker’s gallery, which on all occasions of interest are much more numerous than can possibly be complied with,2 I am afraid I cannot undertake to make an application in favour of a gentleman who is neither a personal acquaintance nor a constituent.
I am Sir
yrs very faithfully
J.S. Mill
920B.
TO WILLIAM LONGMAN1
- Blackheath Park
Feb. 18. 1866
Dear Sir
I thank you and Mrs W. Longman for your kind invitation, but I find it absolutely necessary at present to decline all evening engagements.
I am much obliged to you for the promptitude of your answer on the subject of Count Gurowski’s work.2
3 I should be glad to have copies of the Political Economy, Liberty, and Representative Government4 (Library Editions) sent, free of charge, to the “Durham Cooperative Institute” No 6, Claypath, Durham.
I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
William Longman Esq.
921A.
TO WILLIAM CORRIE1
- Blackheath Park
Feb. 22. 1866
Dear Sir
I have had the honour of receiving your note inviting me on the part of the Sheriffs of London to dine with them in the House tomorrow (Friday) and I will with much pleasure avail myself of their kind invitation.
I am Dear Sir
yours faithfully
J.S. Mill
William Corrie Esq.
933A.
TO [JOHN NICOLAUS TRÜBNER]1
- Blackheath Park
April 15. [1866]
Dear Sir
I have a small packet of books and documents2 which I am desirous of sending to the Hon. S.S. Cox, Senator now or lately for Ohio, at an address in New York. Would it be convenient to you to forward it? or would you kindly suggest to me the best mode of doing so?
I am Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
940A.
TO THE TRUSTEES OF OWENS COLLEGE1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
May 4, 1866
Such of Mr. Jevons’s writings as I am acquainted with give evidence of decided originality, much knowledge and mental vigour, and an unusual degree of precision of thought and investigation.
His essay on the Gold Question2 was the first starting point of the important series of discussions which has changed, and, it may now almost be said, settled the opinions of instructed men on the subject.
The merit of his investigation of the “Coal Question” can hardly be rated too highly.3
His “Logic of Quality”4 showed extraordinary familiarity with and power over Formal Logic, and if I had a fault to find, it would be that the expenditure of power was greater than any result to be obtained by that mode of employing it would sufficiently remunerate.
Of Mr. Jevons’s teaching powers I can say nothing; of these, however, the authorities of Owens College can judge from their own experience. But as regards his knowledge both of Logic and of Political Economy, so far as the whole can be judged from a part, I should form a very high estimate of it.
J. Stuart Mill
949A.
TO WILLIAM DOUGAL CHRISTIE1
- Crowcombe, Somerset
May 21. 1866
Dear Sir
No subject connected with the representation is of greater practical importance than bribery and election expenses, and I hope that a great and united effort will be made by reformers on the subject.2 But Gladstone, in introducing the Franchise Bill, was understood to give an express promise to take up this subject when he has done with the other, and he certainly shewed a very strong feeling of its importance.3 It seems to me, therefore, that the time which he indicated for himself, is the best time for us; and it is probable that he will then be willing and desirous to listen to any suggestions on the matter from persons whom he respects.
If the grouping of boroughs has the effect you apprehend, it will still further strengthen our argument. But as far as I am able to foresee, I rather expect from it a contrary effect.
I am sorry you are not member for Cambridge, but I hope you will find another seat after the Reform Bill passes if not before.4 I am, Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
W.D. Christie Esq.
949B.
TO G. HARVEY1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
May 21, 1866
Dear Sir
Although very much occupied I have, with difficulty, found time to read the pamphlet which I am indebted to you for sending me. It has not, however, persuaded me to agree with you; but I cannot possibly undertake to discuss so intricate a subject with you in a letter.
I do not know to what article on Money your letter refers as I have never published any article with that title.
J.S. Mill
G. Harvey Esq.
952A.
TO OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES1
May 30. [1866]
Dear Sir
It is unlucky that you are engaged on the days on which I am free. The best proposal I can now make for any day previous to the 8th would be, for you to come to the dinner of the Political Economy Club next Friday, June 1. There will be several persons there whom you may like to see, and I hope to be able to leave the House for a part of the evening to go there.2 If you will come to the House of Commons soon after ½ past 5, we will go together, or, if I am prevented, my friend Professor Fawcett will be happy to go with you to the Club. Please let me know in the course of Thursday whether you will come. I am, Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
955A.
TO JOSHUA TOULMIN SMITH1
June 1. 1866
Dear Sir
Thank you for your note. I am aware that in this country and in all others whose laws were originally founded on the feudal principle, landed possessions were held subject to, and even as a provision for, public duties, and that the idea of absolute property in land is essentially modern. You, however, as a Constitutional lawyer, know infinitely more on the subject than I do, and I shall be very glad to have the opportunity of consulting you when I again have occasion to touch on the point.
The other fact you mention, that the expenses of elections were once a public charge, is new to me, and will be a most telling point to bring forward when that subject is before Parliament, which it is sure, very shortly, to be.2 When that time comes, I should be very glad indeed to be able to produce a copy of the writ and read parts of it to the House.
I am with many thanks, Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
Toulmin Smith Esq.
956A.
TO OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES1
- Blackheath
June 2. 1866
Dear Sir
I inclose an introduction to Mr Herbert Spencer, and am only sorry that you are not able to meet him at my house.2
I hope that we shall dine together at the House of Commons, if not on Tuesday, on some other day before you go.3
I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
961A.
TO JAMES BEAL1
- Blackheath Park
16 June. 1866
Dear Sir
Mr Hickson would like before he gives evidence, to see the evidence which has already been given.2 As he will be one of our most valuable witnesses, and as I have no second copy of the evidence, I should be glad if possible to send him the copy, a portion of which you have. Would you therefore, if not using it, be kind enough to send that portion either to me at the House, or addressed to himself “care of housekeeper, East Temple Chambers, 2 Whitefriars Street”—in the latter case giving me a note of the numbers you have sent, that I may know if I supply him with all the remainder.
We are doing little good in Ayrton’s Committee.3 Vestry clerks and chairmen are coming up one after another to celebrate the admirable working of their own system, and we want people who from their own knowledge can testify to the contrary.
I wish I could have been at the discussion in your Committee4 on Thursday, but the time (in the middle of a Reform debate with a division possible at any moment) made it impracticable.5 I have had some talk with Mr. Beggs6 which I hope to be able to supplement by some talk with you.
I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
James Beal Esq.
968A.
TO JOSEPH WILLIAM CROMPTON1
- Blackheath Park
Sunday
[9 July, 1866]
Dear Sir
On returning home yesterday evening, I heard that you had had the trouble of calling. I shall be engaged all tomorrow forenoon, but if you could come to the House of Commons about five oclock, I have no doubt I should be able to see you. If you cannot do this, perhaps you would be so good as to write.
I am Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
Rev. Joseph Crompton.
973A.
TO WILLIAM SMITH1
- Blackheath Park
July 20. 1866
Dear Sir
Monsieur Barrère, a much esteemed and valued friend of mine, is a candidate for the headship of the International School which is to be founded at Paris, by the Committee of which you are a member.2 Monsieur Barrère’s attainments, his great experience as a teacher both in France and in England, and his general character and disposition, all of which can be most amply vouched for, would render him, I should think, a highly fit person for conducting such a school, and a most likely person to make it succeed. M. Barrère would be happy to give you in a personal interview, all possible information respecting his antecedents, and his qualifications for the post.
I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Dr William Smith.
976A.
TO [WILLIAM LONGMAN]1
- Blackheath
25 July. [1866]
Dear Sir
I duly received your remittance and the accounts—with which I have great reason to be satisfied.
If any thing should occur to me which I wish to say to you before you go, I will either write or call on you.
very truly yrs,
J.S. Mill
982A.
TO GEORGE JACOB HOLYOAKE1
- Blackheath Park
Aug. 5. 1866
Dear Sir
It is quite possible that occasions may at some time or other arise when I might be glad to have the pages of the Working Man open to me for the purpose of addressing things directly to the working classes; but it is impossible for me to make any promise or hold out any prospect of my doing so; for the quantity of work devolving upon me, even independently of Parliament, is already much greater than I can do with complete satisfaction to myself. The work awaiting me for the approaching recess is enough to occupy the whole of my time, and I cannot at present look forward to any period when I shall have leisure for any new engagements.
I am Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
G.J. Holyoake Esq.
992A.
TO WALTER LOWE CLAY1
- Barcelonette, Basses Alpes
Aug. 30. 1866
Dear Sir
I am glad that there is to be a discussion at the meeting of the Social Science Association respecting Extradition Treaties, and I think the opinions and feelings which such a discussion is likely to evoke may have a useful influence on the decision of Parliament next year.2 But it is quite as much out of my power to write a paper on the subject as it is to attend the discussion, having work to do which must be done before the reassembling of Parliament and which will require all the intervening time.3 I am Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
Rev. W.L. Clay.
999A.
TO ELIZABETH MALLESON1
- Avignon
Oct. 2. 1866
Dear Madam
I wish every possible success to the Working Women’s College; but, independently of my absence from England, it would be quite incompatible with other very pressing occupations for me to attend and take part in the proceedings at the Meeting on the 19th; much more to prepare so important a thing as an inaugural address.2 Regretting my inability to give a more satisfactory answer, I am, Dear Madam
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Mrs F. Malleson.
1017A.
TO JOHN MORLEY1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Saturday [1867?]
Dear Mr Morley
If you are not engaged tomorrow, we shall be very glad to see you. We dine at five, and there is a train from Charing Cross at four. I am,
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
1023A.
TO THE REPORTER OF THE GLASGOW HERALD1
- Avignon
Jan. 24. 1867
Mr Mill presents his compliments to the Reporter of the Glasgow Herald, has received his note dated the 19th, and will take care that a printed copy of his Address reaches the Herald on the 1st of February.2
1046A.
TO JOHN MALCOLM FORBES LUDLOW1
Feb. 22. 1867
Dear Sir
As far as I have any voice in the matter, I think it not only unobjectionable, but most desirable, that you should help Mr Scott to put into a proper shape his very enlightened views on the reform of the municipal government of London.2 I will take an opportunity of speaking to Mr Beal on the subject, but I think there can be little doubt of his assent. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
J.M. Ludlow Esq.
1046B.
TO JOHN MALCOLM FORBES LUDLOW1
Feb. 23. [1867]
Dear Sir
Since I wrote to you, I have seen Mr Beal, and he not only entirely approves of your giving your assistance to Mr Scott, but greatly desires that you would do so. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
J.M. Ludlow Esq.
1051A.
TO ANDREA CRESTADORO1
- Blackheath Park
March 4. 1867
Dear Sir
I beg to apologize for having so long delayed to express my thanks to yourself and to the Chairman of the Library for the gift of your excellent Catalogue.2 I have desired my publishers to send two or three of my books which are not already in the Library and of which I request its acceptance.3 There are others which I shall have the pleasure of sending as soon as they are reprinted.4 I am, Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
Dr Crestadoro
&c &c
1054A.
TO GEORGE JOHN GRAHAM1
- Blackheath Park
March 6. 1867
Dear Graham
I will with the greatest pleasure do what you request.2
With regard to my not going into what is called society, I should not do so even if I had time for it, for as it is neither duty nor pleasure, neither work nor recreation, there is no reason why I should. But seeing you is quite another thing, and would be a real pleasure. Unfortunately the work I am now overladen with, is not like writing a book or an article, but is made up of bits and scraps, and cannot be done in the way you kindly offer, so that I do not see my way to being able to accept your invitation.
I am glad you are going to retire while you have good work in you, and the power of enjoying it. I have always regretted that capacities like yours should have been wholly engrossed by duties which did not require the highest of them.3
I am Dear Graham
ever yours truly
J.S. Mill
1070A.
TO HENRY STUDDY THEOBALD1
Thursday evg
[28 Mar., 1867]
Dear Sir
I inclose a note to my old and excellent friend M. d’Eichthal, the best friend I have left at Paris after the many whom death has taken away.2 He has access to most people that could help you and to most things that would interest you and I am sure of his hearty good will to any friend of mine.
I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
1075A.
TO JAMES BEAL1
- Saint Véran, Avignon
April 21. 1867
Dear Sir
I am sorry that I did not receive your note before leaving England, but as soon as I get back I will send you the minutes of evidence, and there need not be any hurry about returning them.2 The Committee will meet on Tuesday the 30th to consider the Resolutions and it is probable that they will only report Resolutions instead of making a regular Report.3 So much the better, as Ayrton4 is not likely to make the Report we want. I shall be prepared to move for leave to bring in your Bills as soon as they are ready.5 I am, Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
James Beal Esq.
1076A.
TO HENRY WYNDHAM PHILLIPS1
- Blackheath Park
April 29. 1867
Mr Mill presents his Compliments to the Honorary Secretary of the Artists’ General Benevolent Institution, and regrets his inability to accept the invitation with which he has been honoured to attend the Anniversary Festival.2
1084A.
TO KATHERINE LOUISA RUSSELL1
- Blackheath Park
May 24 [1867]
Dear Lady Amberley
Many thanks for your kind invitation. I should really like to look in upon you any evening, but I do not like rushing in just at dinner time and leaving almost before dinner is over. I am afraid the new arrangements in the House for Tuesdays and Fridays will make it more than ever difficult to come to your nine o’clock reception, as that will be the time when the House will resume its sittings and get at once to its principal business.
The division was a great triumph, and especially Mr Bright’s voting with us.2 We should have had near 100 votes if all had been present who have told me that they would have voted with us if they had not paired, or been too late. I am, Dear Lady Amberley
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
1103A.
TO ALFRED W. BURNETT1
- Blackheath Park
June 23. 1867
Dear Sir
In answer to your note, received yesterday evening, I beg to say, that while I am most sensible to the honour of having been thought of to represent so enlightened a body as the University of London, yet as long as the electors of Westminster wish to retain me as their representative, I should not think of leaving them for any other constituency.2
I am Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
Alfred W. Burnett Esq
1112A.
TO JOHN MALCOLM FORBES LUDLOW1
- Blackheath Park
July 21. 1867
Dear Sir
Many thanks for your note. I shall give my notice tomorrow for Tuesday week.2 I was only waiting to be sure that I should have all the necessary materials before that date.
I shall feel obliged to reinsert the clause providing for the election of the Chamberlain &c. by the Common Council of London and not by the Common Hall of the City. I also propose to insert, among the officers so elected, the Common Sergeant.3
I am sorry the Draft of the Bill was given (by Mr Beal) to the Star without ampler warning. The article in the Star was well meant,4 but indiscreet as to the City, and its ascribing your note (notwithstanding the initials) to me, was hardly excusable even by the haste with which leading articles are written. I have been thinking of writing to Chesson to correct the blunder.5 Do you think that desirable or not?
Adhesions seem to multiply in all quarters. I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
J.M. Ludlow Esq.
1118A.
TO JOHN MALCOLM FORBES LUDLOW1
July 25. 1867
Dear Sir
I think you are right as to the inexpediency of writing to Chesson.2
Mr Beal did not get his copy of the Draft Bill from me. I suppose he must have got it from the Chamberlain.3 The copy you gave me has not been out of my possession. The one which was sent to the papers was the Draft as altered by the Chamberlain, by the omission of a clause which, as I mentioned to you, I intend to restore.
I have received from Beal a proof of the Memorandum.4 It is marked “Confidential” and shall not go out of my hands. I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
J.M. Ludlow Esq.
1122A.
TO MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GRANT DUFF1
- Blackheath Park
July 31. 1867
Dear Sir
I have only just heard that you are a member of the constituency of the London University.2 Some of the electors especially those interested in sanitary and in educational questions, are desirous of proposing Mr Chadwick as a candidate.3 I have long been very desirous that he should be in Parliament as his great knowledge of many difficult administrative questions and his fertility of practical resource, combined with his great industry and public spirit, would make him useful in a way much wanted, and in which few, if any, are capable of being equally so. I am anxious that you should have an opportunity of considering his claims, if possible before making up your mind to support any of the other candidates. I hope to be allowed to say more on the subject when I meet you at the House. I am Dear Sir
Yours very truly
J.S. Mill
M.E. Grant Duff Esq. M.P.
1127A.
TO HENRY SIDGWICK1
Aug. 3. 1867
Dear Sir
The questions mooted in your letter of July 28 are very important, and extremely difficult if not impossible to decide by a general rule, without many allowances for differences of position which point out to different persons different paths of usefulness. As you say, it is absurd to refer each man to his individual conscience since the very question is, what his conscience ought to prescribe. While I sympathize fully in your perplexities, I do not know when I should be able to fix a time for discussing them at length, either viva voce or in writing: but I would endeavour to find time for reading the statement you speak of, and for giving some sort of opinion respecting it. I am, Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
Henry Sidgwick Esq.
1128A.
TO FRÉDÉRIC PASSY1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
le 4 août 1867
Veuillez excuser, Monsieur, le retard involontaire de ma réponse à votre trop flatteuse lettre du 17 juillet. Le mouvement d’opinion qui a donné lieu à la formation de la Ligue Internationale de la Paix a toutes mes sympathies.2 Il appartenait à la France de prendre l’initiative d’un pareil mouvement. J’applaudis de tout mon coeur aux efforts des hommes éminents qui ont fondé la Ligue, et je me félicite de l’honneur qu’ils me font en désirant mon adhésion. Cette adhésion leur est toute acquise, et je vous engage, Monsieur, de vouloir bien inscrire mon nom au nombre des Sociétaires.
Veuillez agréer, Monsieur, l’hommage de ma très haute et très respectueuse considération.
J. Stuart Mill
1137A.
TO EDWIN CARTON BOOTH1
- House of Commons
Aug. 13. 1867
Dear Sir
It is scarcely possible for me to appoint any interviews at present with certainty of being able to keep the engagement, but if it is convenient to you to call on me at the House of Commons on Thursday or Friday while the House is sitting, I should be happy to see you. I am, Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
E.C. Booth Esq.
1139A.
TO THOMAS JOSEPH HASLAM1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Aug. 17. 1867
Dear Sir
Excuse the delay in acknowledging your valuable letter of July 29. Your report, and that of Mr Webb,2 are not encouraging as to the immediate prospects of the Women’s Suffrage movement in Dublin; but though it may not be yet time to organise a Society there, it is all the more desirable to obtain as many adherents as possible from Ireland to the Society of which I have the pleasure of inclosing the papers. Besides the Executive Committee of ladies whose names you will see,3 the Society consists of a General Committee who are the constituency and subscribe a guinea a year, and of ordinary members subscribing a shilling. If the Society might have the benefit of your name and Mrs Haslam’s in either capacity, it would give me very great pleasure.
Several Irish Liberal members of Parliament have already joined the General Committee, among other Messrs Maguire, Blake, O’Beirne, Sir John Gray, and Mr Pollard Urquhart.4
I am well acquainted with your pamphlet,5 which is very good as it is, though I have no doubt that any addition or alteration which you would now make would still further improve it. I regret extremely that the state of your health is such as you mention, and I hope that rest and abstinence from unnecessary nervous and cerebral excitement will in time reestablish it.
I am Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
T.J. Haslam Esq.
1152A.
TO [JOHN PENTLAND MAHAFFY]1
- Avignon
Oct. 26. 1867
Dear Sir
Absence from England and accident combined prevented me from receiving your letter of Sept. 7 until two or three days ago, much too late to enable me to be of any use with reference to the appointment of a Professor on the 5th of October.2
Had I received your letter in time, I would willingly have given you a statement in writing that though my view of philosophy is extremely different from yours, you appear to me qualified to state your own with clearness, comprehensiveness, and force, and with candour towards adversaries, and that I think your translation and commentary on Kuno Fischer’s book a valuable addition to the literature of philosophy.3 I am, Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
1152B.
TO WILLIAM ROSSITER1
- Avignon
Oct. 27. 1867
Dear Sir
I should be glad to see a good Working Men’s College established, either in South London or anywhere else,2 but I should not like to connect my name with any particular project of the kind unless I knew and had well considered its plan of teaching and scheme of management, and unless my occupations permitted me to take part in, or at least to keep myself well informed as to the mode in which it was carried on.3 I am, Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
Wm Rossiter Esq.
1160A.
TO HENRY SIDGWICK1
- Avignon
Nov. 26. 1867
Dear Sir
Owing to absence from England I did not receive your paper on Tests2 until long after it was sent, and had to wait much longer before I could give it proper attention. I think it an exceedingly fair and clear statement of many of the considerations and counter considerations which really exist in the minds of conscientious men and influence their personal behaviour in the matter of Tests. And I agree with you in thinking that an ethical theory—a fixed moral principle, or set of principles—respecting the bindingness of the obligation of a test, would be very desirable. But it seems to me that such fixed principles cannot be laid down for the case of Tests by itself; that the question requires to be taken up at an earlier stage, and dealt with as part of the much larger question, What, on the principles of a morality founded on the general good, are the limits to the obligation of veracity? What ought to be the exceptions (for that there ought to be some, however few, exceptions seems to be admitted) to the general duty of truth? This larger question has never yet been treated in a way at once rational and comprehensive, partly because people have been afraid to meddle with it, and partly because mankind have never yet generally admitted that the effect which actions tend to produce on human happiness is what constitutes them right or wrong. I would suggest that you should turn your thoughts to this more comprehensive subject. You possess several, far from common, qualifications for dealing with it: a strong conscientious interest in it, and the power of representing to yourself clearly and distinctly, without prejudice or partiality, the pro’s and con’s of a moral question. There is therefore good reason to hope that your meditations on the subject would not be unfruitful. Apart from this more general subject of consideration, there would be little use in any remarks that I could make on the special question of Tests; the discussion of which, in the way in which you have treated it, cannot perhaps be carried, with any useful result, much further than you have done. I am Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
Henry Sidgwick Esq.
1160B.
TO [ANTON DOHRN]1
- Avignon
Dec. 1. 1867
Dear Sir
I have no doubt of the sufficiency of your reasons for postponing the translation of my Address, and had not the smallest notion of complaining of it. With regard to your Preface, you are at full liberty, so far as I am concerned, to put anything you please into it; and criticisms on the German Universities as tried by the standard laid down in the Address, would be very appropriate. The faults of the German Universities are not comparable in badness to those of the English, but that they have many grave faults I am quite prepared to believe, and there can scarcely be a more useful service than to point them out. And just because the German Universities are more learned and more scientific than the English, they are likely to be more imbued with the prejudices of commonplace learned and scientific men, who are generally quite ignorant of everything out of their particular Fach, and are almost as insensible to the value of large general ideas as the practical men of common life. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
1186B.
TO MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GRANT DUFF1
- Avignon
Feb. 4. 1868
Dear Sir
I have received the inclosed letter relating to Heligoland,2 but my hands are so full that it is impossible for me to enquire into the subject, and ascertain what ground exists for the complaints, which, however, on the shewing of the letter, have a just claim to be heard. It occurs to me that with your extensive knowledge of continental affairs, you may possibly know something about the condition and government of Heligoland, or that you may not be indisposed to look into the matter. It would be a kindness to the Heligoland people if you would do so; for these small dependencies have seldom any one in Parliament who has any connexion with them, or feels at all concerned in their being justly treated.
I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
M.E. Grant Duff Esq. M.P.
1188A.
TO MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GRANT DUFF1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Feb. 15. 1868
Dear Sir
I thank you, both for myself and the Heligoland people, for your willingness to look into their case. I have written to them to the effect of your letter, and have given them your address, an[d] I shall be very happy to communicate with you on the subject whenever you think it may be useful. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
M.E. Grant Duff Esq. M.P.
1189A.
TO JULES ERNEST NAVILLE1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
le 16 février 1868
Monsieur
J’ai, en effet, reçu la brochure que vous avez eu la bonté de m’envoyer,2 et je l’ai lue avec la plus vive satisfaction. Je ne l’ai pas lue dans un esprit de critique, et comme il y a déjà quelque temps de là, je ne saurais dire si j’y ai remarqué, ou non, des choses susceptibles de dissentiment, mais je puis assurer que s’il y en a, elles ne sont pas importantes, qu’elles ne touchent à rien d’essentiel dans la question, et ne sont pas de nature à attérir l’admiration que j’éprouve pour la manière dont vous soutenez cette grande et importante lutte.
La formation d’une association à Zurich est très importante. L’adhésion d’un ci-devant vice-roi du Caucase3 est intéressante comme hommage à la verité des principes que nous soutenons; bien qu’on ne voie guère de quelle manière on pourrait en faire l’application aux institutions de la Russie.
La nouvelle idée fait des progrès ici comme ailleurs, et elle ne manquera pas de profiter des discussions qui seront nécessairement soulevées par l’application imparfaite et bornée qu’on a faite de la représentation des minorités dans la loi de Réforme.4Le principe est si évidemment juste et raisonnable dans tous les systèmes politiques, que pour être accueilli il n’a vraiment besoin que d’être discuté.
Agréez, Monsieur, l’assurance de ma haute et respectueuse estime et de mes sentiments amicaux.
J.S. Mill
1191A.
TO GUSTAV CÖHN1
- Blackheath Park, Kent
Feb. 22. 1868
Dear Sir
There is a great want of any means of obtaining a complete view of the progress of the Cooperative System in this country, and I often do not myself know where to go for the latest information. The person that I know of, who has taken the most pains to get together a connected view of the cooperative system both in this country and others, and who, I believe, is in possession of the most general information on the subject, is my friend Mr W.T. Thornton (23 Queen’s Gardens, Hyde Park, London)2 who, I do not doubt, would be willing to communicate with you on any points on which you may desire information. If he is not able to do so, the only other persons that I can think of who might be of use to you in your enquiries are Mr Henry Pitman, editor of the Cooperator, and Mr E.O. Greening, editor of the Industrial Partnership Record.3 I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Dr G. Cöhn.
1194A.
TO RICHARD DAVIS WEBB1
- Blackheath Park
Feb. 24. 1868
Dear Sir
When I got your former letter on my pamphlet,2 I imagined it to refer more particularly to the copy I had directed to be sent to you by the publisher; but from your note just received I am doubtful whether it has been sent to you. Will you kindly inform me whether you received it, that I may make a complaint to Longman if he has omitted to send it.
A copy was also ordered to be sent to Mr Haslam.
I am obliged to you for the report of the Conference.3 The Dublin Corporation, like most other Corporations, seems to require much looking after.
I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
R.D. Webb Esq.
1195A.
TO R. HENRY TABOUELLE1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Feb. 26. 1868
Monsieur
Je suis très flatté de l’approbation que vous avez bien voulu accorder à ma brochure sur l’Irlande, et j’accepte avec plaisir votre proposition de la traduire en français.2 Je n’ai aucune condition à faire, ne désirant en tirer aucun bénéfice pécuniaire. S’il vous plaisait de me faire voir votre traduction avant de la faire imprimer, j’y jeterais volontiers un coup d’oeil.
Agréez, Monsieur, l’expression de ma considération très distinguée.
J.S. Mill
Monsieur R. Henry Tabouelle
etc. etc.
1195B.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
- Blackheath Park
Feb. 26. 1868
Dear Sir
I thank you for the notices,2 but beg you not to take the trouble of sending any more. I had already seen all those you sent. I am
yours faithfully
J.S. Mill
1197A.
TO THOMAS HUGHES1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Feb. 29. [1868]
Dear Mr Hughes
The adjournment of the House defeats our scheme of having a Bribery meeting on Monday, but I shall be happy to attend one on any day you can arrange, either before or after the assembling of the House.2 I am, Dear Mr Hughes
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
1210.
TO JOHN A. ELLIOTT1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
March 24. 1868
Dear Sir
aIf my circumstances permitted me to help all who want aid, or even all authors who want aid; and if I had the pleasure of knowing anything of yourself otherwise than through your writings, the repugnance I feel to the opinions expressed in those writings would very likely be no bar to sympathy and interest in your individual self. But as my own motive for writing has always been the desire to defend and to excite sympathy for that which I hold to be the highest of all causes, that liberty against which the system of Slavery is the deepest outrage, I can never see any attempt to hold up slaveholders to sympathy without deep regret.a And I think that even to mention such virtues as they may possess, without accompanying that mention with an expression of abhorrence of their vices, is to deprave the sentiments and confuse the judgment of the public.
Were I in any way peculiarly called upon personally to aid any one engaged in doing this, I should do it, but I should do it with regret. Were there no one else in this country who shares your opinions, I might think myself personally called upon; but while you say that nine tenths of the English public are of your way of thinking, it seems to me that even had I the pleasure of your personal acquaintance, it would be to those nine tenths that you would justly look for sympathy, which such little aid as it could in any case be in my power to give should be reserved for those who have fewer friends. It is not, therefore, from any want of interest in yourself, or want of sympathy with you as a struggling author, but from my deep sense of the moral value of all literary work, that I felt myself obliged to reply as I have done to your letter: and I am Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
John A. Elliott Esq
1228A.
TO MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GRANT DUFF1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
April 25, 1868
Dear Mr Grant Duff
The deputation from Heligoland has arrived, and is at Kroll’s Hotel, America Square. They have probably informed you of their arrival: in any case I have referred them to you. Their names are Payens, Heckens, and Stoldt.2 I am
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
M.E. Grant Duff Esq. M.P.
1229A.
TO WILLIAM DOUGAL CHRISTIE1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
April 26. 1868
Dear Mr Christie
I have gone through all the amendments you sent and I like them all.2 Which of them I shall move, and by whom get others moved, I cannot yet determine.
I have not yet received your paper from the Pall Mall Gazette.3 Probably the editor4 means to make use of it.
Serjeant Pulling has sent me clauses (apparently identical with those he published in the Law Magazine) providing for an enquiry into every election before the return of the writ.5 It would be difficult to make these enter into the plan of the Government Bill, but it may be good to put them on the paper and invite a discussion on them.
I hope Aberdeen will get its second member and return you.6
ever yours truly
J.S. Mill
W.D. Christie Esq.
1230A.
TO [ROBERT HARRISON]1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
April 28 [1868?]
Mr Mill presents his compliments to the Librarian and begs that Adam Smith’s Theory of Moral Sentiments may be sent to him here without delay if it is not out.2
1239A.
TO WILLIAM ROSSITER1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
May 19. 1868
Dear Sir
I should like to be present at Mr Plummer’s lecture,2 but on Monday evening between 8 and 9 the House will probably be in the middle of the proceedings in Committee on the Scotch Reform Bill with divisions constantly impending,3 and it is therefore unlikely that I can attend, and certain that I cannot take the chair. I am most happy to hear of the success of the Institution and particularly of the School.4 I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Wm Rossiter Esq.
1246A.
TO WILLIAM ROSSITER1
May 27. 1868
Dear Sir
I am happy to hear that Mr Plummer’s lecture, which I regret not to have been able to attend, went off so successfully.2
I am much gratified by your wish to be on the Election Committee. I have sent your note to Dr Brewer, who is taking an active part in organising the Committee.3 You are aware that I do not myself take any part in the arrangements.
I send by Book Post a copy of my pamphlet on Ireland,4 which I perceive that Messrs Longman have omitted from the books which I desired them to send for the College. I am Dear Sir
yrs very truly
J.S. Mill
W. Rossiter Esq.
1259A.
TO WILLIAM DOUGAL CHRISTIE1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
June 13. 1868
Dear Mr Christie
Nothing could be more fortunate than that Alderman Lusk has influence at Greenock.2 One of the subjects which he takes greatest interest in, is the Diplomatic Service, and I had only to tell him of the great use you would be of on that subject, to secure his warm support for your candidature. He knows most of the people of importance at Greenwich on the liberal side, and has promised to give me on Monday a letter to be given by yourself to his brother,3 which will ensure your being introduced to them. It would, I think, be well if I were to introduce you personally to him, which I can do at almost any time you like to come to the House as he is a very constant attendant.
From your note, I suppose what I had better say to Mr Gladstone is simply to express a hope that no rival candidate will be put up for Greenock.4
It is now pretty certain that the Bribery Bill will not be abandoned. Some of the advanced Liberals have been in communication with the Government and have offered a deputation of liberal members to Disraeli if it would help him: and if there is one, I think it will be a very strong one.5 Nobody whom I have asked has refused to join in it.
I am Dear Mr Christie
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
W.D. Christie Esq.
1260A.
TO THOMAS HARE1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
June 18 [1868]
Dear Mr Hare
I inclose a letter which will interest you, and which can be best answered either by yourself or by the Provisional Committee in course of appointment.
ever yours truly
J.S. Mill
1265AA.
TO [PETER ALFRED] TAYLOR1
[1 July, 1868]
Dear Mr Taylor
I am obliged to go off to Stansfeld who is ill at home, to consult respecting the extradition report which is to be considered in Committee tomorrow.2 I have not been able to get a pair3 and must therefore return here before going to the Committee. Will you kindly apologise for me to the Committee4 and ask them to go on to business without me and I will come as soon as I can.
yrs ever truly
J.S. Mill
1280A.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
- Avignon
Aug. 17. 1868
Dear Sir
I beg to acknowledge your letter of Aug. 2.2
Mr Charles Austin was an early friend of mine3 but I have for a long time past seen so little of him, that I could not undertake to say what Mr Austin’s political opinions now are; nor, since I understand that he is reluctant to come forward as a candidate for Parliament, should I feel entitled to urge him to do so, even if I had more knowledge than I have of his present opinions. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
1282A.
TO HENRY MITCHELL1
- Avignon
- France
Aug. 25. 1868
Dear Sir
I regret that your letter was not received at my house until after I had left England for the Continent.2 I wish that my acquaintance with distinguished men of your profession were such as to give me greater means than I have of promoting the objects for which you have come to Europe. What little I am able to do is to send you the two inclosed letters of introduction. One is to Mr Tite, M.P., by profession an architect (he built the Royal Exchange) but who is an important member of the Metropolitan Board of Works, and can give you full information about their drainage and other operations.3 The other is to my particular friend Mr Thornton, the Secretary in the Public Works Department of the India Office, who knows everything that is doing in India in the way of public works, and can place you in communication with the chief authorities on the subject as connected with India, and probably with others. I have written privately to Mr Thornton and I am sure you will find him most desirous to give you every assistance in his power. I am Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
Henry Mitchell Esq.
I do not know Mr Tite’s private address, but you can find it in the Court Guide or the Post Office Directory.4
1295A.
TO J.H. HODGES1
- Avignon
Sept. 27. 1868
Dear Sir
I beg to acknowledge your communication of the 12th inst. requesting me to become a member of Mr Baxter Langley’s Committee with a view to his being returned for Greenwich if a vacancy should be created by Mr Gladstone’s being elected for that borough but not requiring the seat.2
I warmly applaud Mr Baxter Langley’s public spirited conduct in withdrawing in favour of Mr Gladstone; but, while the present election is pending, and I am a member of Mr Gladstone’s Committee, I prefer not to join the Committee of any other candidate. I am, Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
J.H. Hodges Esq
1305A.
TO MARY CARPENTER1
[before 17 Oct., 1868]
Dear Madam
I am not able to join your deputation,2 but I thank you for your pamphlet3 and for your valuable efforts to improve the very defective jail management of India. You will no doubt be listened to [line torn off in MS] same respect and attention which you have so justly met with from the local Governments.
I am Dear Madam
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
Miss Carpenter
1322A.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
- Blackheath
Nov. 7. 1868
Dear Sir
I do not know of any book on the Employment of Women except one of Mrs Jameson’s entitled Communion of Labour.2 The line of argument most relevant to the subject, is the advantage to women of developing their faculties, and to the world of getting all that women can do; and the resemblance of the system of restricting particular occupations to one sex, to the old caste and guild systems which restricted them to certain classes and families. One of the American advocates of women’s rights has put the case strongly and well by saying that the present system endeavours to do the whole intellectual work of the world with only half its brains.3 I am
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
1326A.
TO CAROLINE LINDLEY1
- Blackheath
Nov. 12. [1868]
Dear Miss Lindley
I thank you most heartily for taking the trouble to procure so much precise information respecting the Birkbeck Schools.2 I hope to have many occasions for making good use of it.
I heard yesterday from Helen:3 she is well and in spirits.
Ever, dear Miss Lindley
yours most truly
J.S. Mill
1331A.
TO CAROLINE LINDLEY1
- Blackheath Park
Nov. 19 [1868]
Dear Miss Lindley
Many thanks for your kind present and for your kind enquiries about my cold. I am glad to say it is much better, and will probably be gone by tomorrow. I am very thankful for your very friendly invitation, but I have so many things to do just at the last, before going away for a longer time than I expected2 that I hope you will excuse me if I deny myself the pleasure of passing an evening with you.
Ever, dear Miss Lindley
yours truly
J.S. Mill
1337A.
TO GEORGE WASHBURN SMALLEY1
- Avignon
Nov. 28. 1868
Dear Sir
Your letter gives me very great pleasure, for it is doubly an honour to receive such expressions of interest and sympathy from one of your country. You have gone through a harder fight than we are likely to face here, and the heroism with which it was fought by the noble minded men of America through all the long years of danger and difficulty, and finally through the sharp crisis of the war, makes the Liberals of all other nations look up to the advanced party in America with respectful admiration. Like yourself I was somewhat surprised and a little hurt at the line the Daily News thought fit to take, but there are reasons to suspect that there may have been personal causes for this, for I thought it my duty to support in one place a candidate who was the rival of a gentleman who, I am given to understand, has influence with the Daily News, and this may have aroused a little unpleasant feeling, which, as I have no reason to suppose it is shared by many persons connected with the paper, we must hope will blow over when the election excitement is past.2 For my own part, my regret was only at seeing a paper which had stood so bravely by the advanced cause in so many great questions, shewing on this occasion less generosity of spirit than the Daily Telegraph, or even perhaps, the Times. I am, Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
G.W. Smalley Esq
1369A.
TO JOHN CHAPMAN1
- Avignon
Dec. 27. 1868
Dear Sir
I think it of very great importance to free and enlightened thought in politics and philosophy, that the Westminster Review should be maintained in existence, and without any change in its long established character as an organ always open to the thoughts of the most advanced thinkers, and training the minds of the younger men to appreciate new ideas. During the whole term of its existence, now 45 years, it has fulfilled this office. Its disappearance would leave a sad blank in our periodical literature, and would be a severe blow to advanced thought and to the education of future thinkers. With regard to the management of the Review by its present proprietor and editor, knowing as I do the great difficulties it has had to struggle with, and the inferiority, as compared with many other reviews, of the inducements it could hold out to writers, I have been as much surprised as pleased at the high level of merit it has been able to maintain. This could only have been effected by a devotion of time and energy to the purpose, on the part of the editor, which does great honour to his public spirit, and establishes on his part a strong claim to the gratitude of the friends of advanced opinions and independent thoughts, and after the proofs he has given, for a number of years and under great difficulties, of his fitness to conduct such an organ, I hope that he may find such assistance as may enable him still to carry it on, and may afford him an ultimate prospect of some recompense for his sacrifices, other than the consciousness of having made them. I am, Dear Sir
very sincerely yours
J.S. Mill
Dr Chapman
1383A.
TO MOUNTSTUART ELPHINSTONE GRANT DUFF1
- Avignon
Jan. 23. 1869
Dear Mr Grant Duff
I hear from the Mauritius sad details of the distress there,2 with which I do not doubt you are very much better acquainted than I am. Perhaps you may not be as well aware that among a portion at least of the English there, there is a feeling of uneasiness as to the probable action of the local Government in case of disturbances, which seem very probable. The disturbances at Réunion3 may add to the probabilities of something of the sort at the Mauritius, and the example set by the Government in the one place is not a salutary one for the Government in the other. The inhabitants of the Mauritius are understood to be peculiarly peaceable, and very manageable by gentle means: but there seems to be a sort of apprehension lest the Government should not take as gentle means as might be desired in case any difficulties should arise. When I remember the reiterated warnings which were received at the Colonial Office before the events in Jamaica,4 and that a hint from home to the Government might have saved such a quantity of suffering, of disgrace, and of embarrassment to everybody concerned, I venture to trouble you with these few lines to say that whether these apprehensions with regard to the Mauritius are well or ill grounded (which I do not know) I know them to be entertained by Englishmen in a respectable and responsible position.
I cannot conclude without expressing the pleasure it gave me to see you appointed to a post where there is so much opportunity of exercising useful influence.5 I am, Dear Mr Grant Duff
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
M.E. Grant Duff Esq. M.P.
1397.
TO JOSEPHINE BUTLER1
March 22. 1869
Dear Madam
It would be a very superficial view that could suppose that the permanent improvement of the social, industrial, and economic condition of women can be altogether separated from their claim to political rights. At all times political rights have been the only real security for the permanence of progress in social, industrial, and economical matters: and in the present age, the grant of political rights to any class, or even the demand for their admission to those rights, is the most effectual way of securing better consideration for their interests in all other respects. It does not, however, follow from this that it is equally the duty of every one who desires to improve the condition of women, to engage specially in the task of claiming political rights for them: and therefore, although I could not concur with Dr von Hetzendorf2 in considering the political enfranchisement of women as of but little consequence (if indeed he does consider it so) the advice he gives appears to me, with one exception, exceedingly judicious. aI am of opinion that every kind of effort, whether social or political, in favour of women, should be encouraged, so long as it is earnest and genuine; and I am persuaded that those who are in earnest will inevitably be led by experience to see the absolute necessity of political enfranchisement as both the foundation and the safeguard of human worth and happiness.a As regards the details, the earnest minds of each nation are the best judges for that nation. They have but to be in earnest, and to work with all their hearts, and they cannot do wrong. The one point to which I have referred as that on which I differ from Dr von Hetzendorf, is the suggestion to subordinate the whole organisation of the Vereine to one centre. This is the French system, in too many things: England and Germany have progressed by leaving freer play to the varieties of local character and circumstances. What is judicious for Berlin may not be so for Leipzig or Vienna. It is better that the zeal, the earnestness, and the sense of responsibility, of the enlightened persons of each locality, should exhaust itself in doing to the very uttermost all that lies to its own hand to do, and that it should not waste its energy in guiding the hands of others. I am Dear Madam
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
Mrs Butler
1413.
TO THEODOR GOMPERZ1
- Blackheath Park
March 23. 1869
Dear Mr Gomperz
aI am not sure whether, when I last wrote to you, I mentioned the work in which I was engaged, of preparing a new edition of my father’s “Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind” with notes ,2 bringing up the subject to the latest improvements in psychology. This is now complete, and the notes, to which Mr Grote has contributed, and in which Mr Bain has given, in a condensed form, the most important thoughts of his systematic treatises,3 form, I think, a very valuable addition to the original work. I hope you have received the copy I directed the publisher to send.a
I do not think that my portion of the notes4 can well be included in the collected German edition, as they would seldom be intelligible if separated from the work to which they belong.
bHow is the editionc proceeding?b I have just received an agreeable evidence of the demand for it, in the shape of a proposal from a Dr Bingmann,5 encouraged, as he says, by two professors of Moral Philosophy in the Universities of Tübingen and Berlin, to translate “Utilitarianism,” and after that, the Logic and others of my writings. I have informed Dr. Bingmann of the edition in progress (which he did not seem to have heard of) and have told him that there is no opening for another translator, unless you should be disappointed in some of your arrangements.
When you write to me, which I hope will be soon, I beg you to give me news of your sister, whose sad loss we were so grieved to hear of.6 I am, Dear Mr. Gomperz
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
1426A.
TO CHARLES BRADLAUGH1
- Avignon
May 7. 1869
Dear Sir
I am very glad to hear that you will be able to help the petitioning in favour of Women’s Suffrage so greatly. I have mentioned the fact to Mrs Peter A. Taylor, Aubrey House, Notting Hill,2 and I am sure that if you will kindly put yourself in communication with her, she will be very glad of your help in extending the operations of the Women’s Suffrage Society in new directions.3 I am, Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
Charles Bradlaugh Esq.
1431A.
TO JAMES FITZJAMES STEPHEN1
- A[vignon]
May 17, 1869
I am very glad to hear that you intend to answer Lecky on Utilitarianism.2 It is a subject which finds an active & doughty champion in you. From what I hear it seems that Lecky’s ideas on it are both superficial & confused. He has been so useful in popularizing some good ideas that it is a pity he is not only commonplace but even of an antiquated form of commonplace in others; unluckily he is not the only useful & clever man I know in this predicament.
I am not surprised that you do not find time to read the Analysis.3 I am often surprised at the great industry you exhibit but I shd like to see a review of the Analysis by yourself & the book as originally written without the aid of the notes is almost a necessary foundation for efficient thought both in law & politics, for which the doctrine of the Assn of Ideas as there developed is all-important.
I shall be in England early in July & shall be happy to see you if you think you can derive either pleasure or profit from the society of such very decided believers in progress.4
1440A.
TO JAMES JOHNSTON SHAW1
[after May, 1869]
I thank you sincerely for your remarks on my “Examination of Hamilton” and I will not fail, in any further revision of the book, to give them the attention they deserve. The confusion between the two meanings of inconceivable is almost universal, and Hamilton is certainly not free from it.2 I may, therefore, very possibly have been misled by it in my interpretation of some passages of his writings. But I think my argument against Whewell holds good in either sense.3
The concluding paragraph of your letter gives me great pleasure, especially your agreement with my opinions on the great question discussed in my new book.4 There is, I am convinced, no subject now under discussion on which the improvement of the human race more essentially depends.
1447A.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
- Avignon
June 15. 1869
Dear Madam
Your letter has been forwarded to me here, and I beg to thank you for your kind intentions in regard to reviewing my book. What you have seen announced is not a Congress, but a meeting of the London Women’s Suffrage Society, at which only members will be present. I am, Dear Madam
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
1454A.
TO ANTON DOHRN1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
July 6. 1869
Dear Sir
I regret that there should be so much delay in bringing out the German edition of my entire writings, and I give my full consent to your publishing the translation, as soon as you please; merely reserving the right of the publishers of the complete edition to include it (or another translation) afterwards in their series.2 I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Dr Anton Dohrn
1457A.
TO GEORGE CAMPBELL1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
July 9. 1869
Dear Sir
I have had the pleasure of receiving your note; and your paper on the Irish land question2 has been one of the first things I have read after my return here.3 I need hardly say that I agree with all your principles, and (as far as I can judge) with your details too. Englishmen who know India are the men who can understand and interpret the social ideas and economic relations of Ireland. They are not the slaves of English technicalities, and they know that the English form of property in land is neither a law of the universe nor an immutable principle of morality. The Cobden Club could not have done a more sensible thing than to ask you to give them the benefit of your Indian experience;4 and I wish they would publish this very instructive paper also. In any case, I trust it will be published.
You seem to think that there is some difference of opinion between us on the subject, but I can see none. You think that my proposal would give more to the landlords than the value of their property: but what I proposed was, that there should be a Commission to adjudicate what the present income and future prospects of the estates was really worth to the landlords, in order to give them that; not a farthing more.5
Will you excuse my suggesting the omission of one word (p. 43, last line) the word “woman”?6 This would be but justice, for women are often most energetic and successful managers of estates in India. I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
George Campbell Esq.
1459A.
TO HENRY JOHNSTON1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
July 16. 1869
Dear Sir
I am much honoured by the wish of the Directors of the Glasgow Athenaeum to include me in their arrangements for the delivery of Lectures, but I regret that my occupations do not admit of my sparing the time necessary for the preparation of a lecture. I am, Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
Henry Johnston Esq
1463A.
TO WILLIAM ROSSITER1
July 26. 1869
Dear Sir
I am quite willing that my approbation of Parks for the children of the poor should be made known anywhere;2 but I would rather not be announced as receiving subscriptions, if for no other reason than that I am often absent from England. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Wm Rossiter Esq.
1466A.
TO WILLIAM FRASER RAE1
Aug 7. [1869]
Dear Mr Rae
Can you come down and dine with us on Sunday Aug. 15 at five o’clock?
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
W.F. Rae Esq
1471A.
TO HENRY VILLARD1
Aug. 17. 1869
Dear Sir
This letter will be given to you by my friend Mr W.F. Rae,2 who, as warmly interested in the political and social questions of our time, and a frequent and valuable writer respecting them,3 on the side of advanced opinions, has many great points of common interest with you. Mr Rae goes to America for the double purpose of acquiring information respecting the practical working of your Patent Laws, in order to help towards improving ours, and of adding to his general knowledge of America; and any aid that can be given him for either object will not fail to be useful to the public. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Henry Villard Esq.
1474A.
TO MARY CARPENTER1
- a Avignon
Sept. 5. 1869
Dear Miss Carpenter
You are welcome to make any use you like of my letter to you,2 but I do not feel that what the Duke said,3 which I repeated to you in my letter to the best of my memory verbally, was sufficiently explicit to amount, to my mind, to a promise, and therefore I should not like to write to the Chief on such an assumption. I agree with you most cordially as to the welcome that the Chief and the Ranee4 ought to receive here, and will lose no opportunity of using any influence I have to secure it. If the Duke of Argyll was more explicit to you than to me, or if what he said to me appears to you explicit I am very happy to hear it, and think you cannot do better than convey it to the Chief. But as the Chief can scarcely so well judge of the exact meaning of the terms used as we can, the responsibility of the precise interpretation to be put upon the Duke’s words rests withabus: and I own that to me they do not seem quite as decisive as might be desirable, seeing how important it is that the Chief and the Ranee should not come over here under a mistaken impression.
If it is your wish, and you are quite sure that it would be the wish of the Chief and the Ranee, I will write to the Duke, and ask him whether what he has said may be reported to them as a promise.
My daughter begs to be kindly remembered, and I am, Dear Miss Carpenter
very truly yours
J.S. Millb
1476A.
TO EDWARD WILLIAMS BYRON NICHOLSON1
- Avignon
Sept. 9. 1869
Dear Sir
In answer to your letter of Aug. 28 I beg to say that I should be happy to become an annual subscriber to the projected Magazine.2 I am
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
E.B. Nicholson Esq.
1492A.
TO HENRY VILLARD1
- Avignon
Oct. 23. 1869
Dear Sir
You are aware of the favour with which the majority of the popular party in Great Britain regard the vote by ballot at parliamentary elections, as a means of restraining bribery and intimidation and the increased interest which this question has assumed through the recent extension of the suffrage.2 The writer of the inclosed letter3 and some of his friends are anxious to obtain information that can be depended on, respecting the practical working of vote by ballot in the countries in which it exists by law. Their own opinion, like mine, is unfavourable to it; but their desire is to find the truth, whatever it may be; and the vague impressions current in Europe give no real knowledge of the ballot in America even as it exists by law, much less of the mode in which it is actually conducted, and the advantages and disadvantages which are found in practice to attend it. You would oblige me very much, and would do some public service, if you could kindly supply my correspondent with any of the information which he desires, or refer him to any sources from which he could procure it. I am Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
Henry Villard Esq.
1508A.
TO GEORGE CAMPBELL1
- Avignon
Dec. 31. 1869
Dear Sir
I am late in thanking you for the gift of your volume on Ireland,2 because it came to me a short time ago in a parcel from England, and owing to the pressure of other occupations I have only just finished reading it. I wish it was in the hands of everybody who will have any voice in the decision of the Irish Land question, for I have read nothing that comes near it in the fullness and clearness of the knowledge it communicates of the real “situation” in Ireland. There is nothing like Indian experience for enabling men to understand Ireland. Those writers in the newspapers who have some understanding of the Irish question are those who, like one of the editors of the Spectator,3 know something of India. My own official knowledge of Indian matters has greatly helped me to put the right interpretation on Irish phenomena. I wonder how long it will take the English people to find out, that the Indian service is their best, or rather their only, good school for administrators; and to make the use they might make of that service for difficult work in other parts of the empire. Lord Metcalfe and Sir J.P. Grant4 are already cases in point.
I am not so clear about the details of your proposed measure, though I agree fully in its principles, and think it quite reasonable that lands which are at present administered on the English system, the landlord making the improvements, and no tenant right or claim to compensation for loss of occupancy being ever recognised—where, in fact, the coproprietorship of the tenant never existed, or has been extinguished—should remain as they are, on the footing of contract only.5 But I have great doubts of the possibility of meeting the justice of each separate case by the award of a Commission,6 even with the aid of the general instructions laid down in your letter of Nov. 29.7 I should fear that a decision as to what had or had not been the “ordinary practice of any district, locality, or estate”8 would continually fail to give satisfaction; first, on account of the difficulty of settling what amounts to “ordinary practice”, and next, because a very large proportion of the discontent of the tenantry is on the part of those who have not yet succeeded in establishing any custom in their favour; and these, if your plan is adopted, will find themselves cut off from hope. I am not shaken in my belief that the land difficulty is a knot which cannot be untied, and will have to be cut.—By the way, your principal objection to the plan I proposed rests on a mistake.9 I proposed giving the landlords more than their present net rent, but not more than the present selling value of their estates, since that includes allowance for prospective increase as well as for present income.10 I never dreamed of giving them a larger compensation than the amount of consols equivalent to that selling value. No wonder you disapprove of the proposal, when you think it would enable landlords to obtain from the State double the present value of their property.
I am Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
George Campbell Esq.
1521A.
TO GEORGE CAMPBELL1
- Avignon
Jan. 24. 1870
Dear Sir
It gives me great pleasure to find that, after due explanations, your opinion and mine differ so little, indeed, as far as I perceive, not at all. I have no doubt that your plan would work to the ends you intend by it, if the Commission were an entirely unprejudiced one. But all the probabilities are that it will be a Landlords’ Commission. All Englishmen of the higher ranks who have not learnt better things in Ireland or India, have their prepossessions strongly on the side of landlordism. The best that is to be hoped is that the Commission would represent liberal landlordism: but you know how little that amounts to, Lord Dufferin is considered a liberal landlord.2
It will give me pleasure to talk over these matters with you, and Indian matters too, after my return to England, which will be in March. I have not forgotten the kind offer you made when I was in the House of Commons, to furnish me with information, an offer of which, coming from you, I was well able to appreciate the value: and though I am no longer in the House, I can still make profitable use of facts that I can rely on, whether about India or Ireland. I am3
1521B.
TO JOHN MALCOLM FORBES LUDLOW1
- Avignon
Jan. 24. 1870
Dear Sir
Your letter2 was forwarded to me from England. I received it the day before yesterday, and should have answered it before, but I have been incapacitated from work by a very bad cold.
I think you not only perfectly fit for the office of Registrar of Friendly Societies but probably superior to any one likely to be a candidate.3 The office is one for which your knowledge of the working classes and of their Associations is a valuable preparation. And as to practical ability, no one who goes carefully through the Municipal Bills would think that the man who drew them can be deficient in it.4 In all the conversations and discussions I had with you respecting those Bills, the part you took was that of a careful, cautious, foreseeing practical mind. If my saying as much in a letter for the purpose could be of any use to you, I should be most happy to do it. But I greatly doubt not only its being of any use, but its not being positively detrimental to you. I must in frankness admit that I fully agree in your impression that Mr Lowe probably looks upon you as a sentimentalist.5 I do not doubt it. But I think you are under a mistake if you do not think he looks upon me as a sentimentalist of quite as deep a dye; if indeed he thinks there can be anything to choose between different degrees of such imbecility. I am afraid that a testimonial from me to your practicality would be to him a testimonial from a blind man in favour of a man with one eye. Nor would it be much better if I gave testimony to your powers as a metaphysician or political economist. None of these are matters on which Mr Lowe would think me capable of aiding his judgment. I only know one man whose testimony in your favour would have much weight with Mr Lowe, and that man is Mr Lowe. Although I doubt whether there exists the man whose judgment would have any intellectual weight with Mr Lowe, it is just possible that some practical influence might be exerted by influential members of the electoral body of the London University, or by his superiors in the Cabinet. I think Mr Lowe would give an office to a competent man if he could find one; but seeing that it is a thousand chances to one that he thinks none of the candidates fit, such trifles as parliamentary or electoral or cabinet influence might decide him where he thinks there is very little to choose. I am, Dear Mr Ludlow
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
J.M. Ludlow Esq.
1522A.
TO FRANK HARRISON HILL1
- Avignon
Jan. 27. 1870
Dear Mr Hill
I saw the article in the Daily News on the case of Policeman Smith, and felt very much obliged to you for getting the subject noticed.2 I understand that the Home Office is inquiring into the case. If the result be favourable, the article in the Daily News and other notices in the press will have greatly contributed to it. In any case, a considerable degree of public approbation has been deservedly directed against the magistrate and his dictum.
I am glad that, while you still continue to write for the Daily News, there is at the same time a prospect of your being relieved from the mere drudgery of the occupation, and obtaining leisure for other pursuits.
Your account of Cairnes is cheering, and accords with others which we have received.3 He himself never takes a sanguine view of his condition, but there is ample proof how much of his health and strength he must have recovered, in his ability not only to deliver his lectures, but to write such an article as that in the Fortnightly, which, independently of its merits in point of thought, seems to me quite a model of philosophic stile and expository talent.4
I have read, I believe, all Rae’s letters,5 for the Daily News generally reaches us at some time or other; but ever since the pretence began of not examining foreign newspapers,6 we do not get them till after ridiculous delays, and not unfrequently a later newspaper before an earlier. The exact reason I do not know, but it is certain that an announcement that a thing will not be done is generally, in France, followed by its being done more than before; as an announcement that it will be done is, in like manner, followed by neglect to do it. I do not know how much depends on the higher authorities, and how much on the subordinates; for in every system of arbitrary government the chiefs find it necessary or convenient to give the underlings their full share of the arbitrary power, and indeed cannot well enforce on them, duties to the public which they themselves habitually violate. One has only to live in a country arbitrarily governed (as France has been under all its governments) to know how utterly mistaken is the idea that a despotic government is a vigorous one.
We are much pleased that you like my daughter’s article.7 With our kind remembrances to Mrs Hill,8 I am, Dear Mr Hill
Yours very truly
J.S. Mill
F.H. Hill Esq
1547A.
TO JAMES EDWIN THOROLD ROGERS1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
April 15. 1870
Dear Mr Rogers
I thank you very much for the present of your Adam Smith.2 I have read the Preface, but have not yet made myself acquainted with your notes, which, though they do not occupy much space, seem to go over a good deal of ground. I rather think that I differ from you on some important points; but the old generalisations of political economy are now found to require so much modification, that our opinions may possibly draw nearer together when duly compared.
Thanks for your invitation to visit Oxford. There is no place which at present interests me more, or which seems to be undergoing a more salutary transformation. But I have seen only just enough of it in the body, to have been much impressed by its beauty and imposingness. I certainly did not write any of my books there, nor did I ever take up my abode in Oxford for more than a day or two at a time. I am, Dear Mr Rogers
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
1562A.
TO M. MALTMAN BARRY1
- A[vignon]
June 3. 1870
Dear Sir—
In reply to your communication of May 18 I beg to say that my occupations do not admit of my undertaking to examine & give an opinion & advice respecting manuscripts intended for publication.2
1583A.
TO THE GENERAL COUNCIL OF THE INTERNATIONAL WORKING MEN’S ASSOCIATION1
[after 23 July, 1870]
“highly pleased with the address.2 There was not one word in it that ought not to be there; it could not have been done with fewer words.”
1587A.
TO WILLIAM TRANT1
- Blackheath Park
July 27. 1870
Dear Sir
I have received your letter of July 16,2 and I sympathise in the opposition to an impost which the legislature has plainly declared its purpose of abolishing:3 but it is impossible for me to contribute pecuniarily to every public object in which I sympathise, and I would recommend that application should be made to some of those who took the lead in the popular movement against Church Rates. I am Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
Wm Trant Esq.
1587B.
TO CAROLINE LINDLEY1
- Blackheath Park
July 29. 1870
Dear Miss Lindley
Since you ask my opinion as to whether it is most advisable that your nephew Robert2 should go up again for examination, or that he should join his father and brother and commence at once the practical study of his intended profession under the advantageous circumstances of being directly under his father; so far as I am able to judge, this last appears to me greatly preferable. Should he even succeed at the examination, this success if attained in a single year, could probably be only the result of strenuous cramming, and the time so occupied would be almost lost time in respect to his real mental development. Many youths fail at examinations, as examinations are commonly conducted, merely because they are not quick in catching up and recollecting detached points, and cannot give themselves the appearance of knowing a subject unless they know it thoroughly. This may be Robert’s case, and if so, he cannot too soon begin to learn that which it is necessary he should know thoroughly, and his knowledge of which can be tested by results instead of by questions on a paper: and if he begins at once, he will probably enter with strong interest upon the new kind of work, and take it up with spirit and vigour. If, on the contrary, he goes up for examination again and should unfortunately suffer a second defeat, the discouragement may be such as to paralyse his energies for a long time to come: while, if he succeeds, the moral consequences may not be at all desirable; for if he is a steady thoughtful youth, he may know very well that he has only succeeded by coaching, and may have learnt a lesson not at all conducive to thoroughness and earnestness in the work of life. If the real intellectual advantages of the University education are desired, I am of opinion that several years should be given to attaining them; so that the successful passing through the examination may prove, not readiness of wit, nor power to burthen the memory with a mass of matter for a short time, but thorough and familiar acquaintance with the subjects of the examinations. To have passed the examination is, to my mind, and, I know, in the opinion of many of the examiners, far from a conclusive test of having passed through the really useful discipline of education. The examiners may do what they can to make it so, and yet fail, if parents encourage the system of forcing youths hurriedly on. A thorough and well grounded professional education is of more value to the habits of mind than a hasty and superficial university one. Of course when there is time for both, it is well to have both; but I think a superficial training of any sort is a distinct disadvantage both to the moral and intellectual progress of a growing mind: and when I speak of hurried and superficial, it must be borne in mind that that which might not be hurried for one character may easily be so for another. I am, Dear Miss Lindley
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
1594A.
TO THE PEOPLE’S GARDEN COMPANY1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Aug. 24. 1870
Dear Sir
I beg to acknowledge your letter of Aug. 19.
The object of the People’s Garden Company2 is excellent, but I abstain on principle from connecting my name with any enterprise, either philanthropic or pecuniary, the conduct of which, for want of time to attend to it, I am unable to be responsible for. I am, Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
1599A.
TO CHARLES SHARP1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Sept. 15. 1870
Dear Sir
I beg to acknowledge your letter of the 13th instant.2
I feel much interested by what you tell me respecting the Liverpool Institute, and highly honoured by the wish of the Directors that I should take the Chair at their annual meeting in November next.3 But the demands on my time and exertions have made it necessary for me, as a rule, to decline invitations of that nature. I am Dear Sir
Yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
Charles Sharp Esq.
1609A.
TO HENRY WENTWORTH ACLAND1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Nov. 15. 1870
Dear Sir
I am much obliged to you for the opportunity of reading your Memoranda.2 I am glad to find that the Sanitary Commission are likely to report in favour of a comprehensive measure; though I doubt whether the Poor Law Administration should be included in the duties of a Minister of Public Health, as it seems to me quite sufficient in itself to occupy a ministerial department.
I never was more astonished at anything I have read in print about myself, than when I saw the writer against Poor Laws in Macmillan not only claiming me as of his way of thinking, but actually putting forth his proposition for abolishing the Poor Law as taken from me.3 I am entirely of the opinion expressed in my Political Economy, that a Poor Law, giving the destitute a right to relief (on terms more onerous than the condition of the independent labourer) is a necessary part of a good public administration.4 I have even been strengthened in this opinion by all that has come to my knowledge concerning the effects of the public charities in a country where there is no legal right to relief, and where most of the evils produced by our poor law administration when at its worst, flourish exuberantly without the accompanying benefits. I am, Dear Sir
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
Dr Acland
1624A.
TO ÉMILE LOUIS VICTOR DE LAVELEYE1
- Blackheath Park
le 27 Decembre 1870
Cher Monsieur
Je ne saurais trop vous remercier pour M. Cairnes et pour moi-même.
Si j’avais eu avec moi mes numéros de la Revue des Deux Mondes, je n’aurais pas eu besoin de m’adresser à votre complaisance; mais malheureusement ces numéros sont à Avignon.2
Je vous remercie également de vos renseignements sur les sources à consulter, dont j’ai fait part à M. Cairnes.3
Je n’ai pas connaissance du nouveau projet du Cobden Club. Je présume que le Club se propose de publier un volume d’Essais sur les moyens d’empêcher la guerre dans l’état actuel du monde. Sans rien préjuger sur ce qu’il y aurait à dire sur cette question, il me semble qu’elle est loin d’avoir été suffisamment approfondie; et qu’un écrivain qui a étudié autant que vous l’histoire moderne et la politique générale pourrait remplir très utilement le cadre que le Club vous propose.4
Agréez, cher Monsieur, l’expression de mon estime et de mon dévouement.
J.S. Mill
1627A.
TO CHARLES BRADLAUGH1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Jan. 2, 1871
Dear Sir
Should you be able to send me the letter which appeared in the Bury Times?2 I should then be able to tell you explicitly whether I wrote the letter, and under what circumstances. I am, Dear Sir
yours very truly
J.S. Mill
1631A.
TO CHARLES BRADLAUGH1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
Jan. 7. 1871
Dear Sir
The letter which you have sent to me, from the Bury Times, was written by me, on the 9th of November last;2 and is correctly printed, with the exception of the substitution of the word even for ever in the fourth line; which does not, however, substantially alter the sense. Having referred to the letter from Mr. King to which mine was an answer,3 I find it says, that the writer had several times, of late, in public meetings, heard my name, and the names of other persons, “Lord Amberley and others,” associated with the “Elements of Social Science,”4 and referred to as commending it: and he then asked, whether, when he again heard my name thus used, he should be at liberty to say that the representation is incorrect.
This is the only information I have received that I am represented as commending the book; and I have never heard either yourself or any other person mentioned, either expressly or by implication, as having so represented me. I am, Dear Sir
yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
Charles Bradlaugh Esq.
1642AA.
TO WILLIAM ROSSITER1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
March 14. 1871
Dear Sir
I am much obliged by your kind offer of a copy of your book,2 and have read with pleasure the pages you have sent. I should be happy to see you, but I have so many demands on my time that I do not find it possible at present to fix a time for our meeting. I am Dear Sir
yours very sincerely
J.S. Mill
W. Rossiter Esq.
1654A.
TO BENJAMIN WAUGH1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
April 6. 1871
Dear Sir
I do not know whether you may have already received a copy of the inclosed protest;2 but I should be much gratified by being the means of procuring your signature to it. It is particularly wished to obtain the signatures of ministers of religion, and of members of the medical profession; and in the former case, it is desirable to add to the signatures the statement of the denomination to which those signing it belong. If I am under a mistaken impression in believing that your sympathies in this matter are on the same side as my own, I must beg you to excuse the trouble to which I have put you. I am Dear Sir
Yours very truly
J.S. Mill
Rev. B. Waugh
1654B.
TO DUNCAN MCLAREN1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
April 7. 1871
Dear Mr McLaren
The Committee for the Scott Centenary had already done me the honour of asking me to be present at the celebration,2 but I have been obliged to answer them that my occupations and engagements do not allow me to avail myself of the invitation. I am, Dear Mr McLaren
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
1667B.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
- Blackheath Park
- Kent
May 28, 1871
Dear Sir
I have not myself taken any part in editing Mr Buckle’s posthumous works, nor have I written, nor do I intend to write, any Memoir of him. His posthumous works however are being prepared for the press by my step daughter, Miss Helen Taylor, and will probably be published, with a short Memoir, in the course of next year.2 The publishers will be Messrs Longmans, Green, and Co, who, we understand, have made arrangements with an American publisher.3 I am, Dear Sir
Yours very faithfully
J.S. Mill
1673A.
TO PIERRE AUGUSTIN ROUVIÈRE1
- Lucerne
Aug. 9 [187]1
Monsieur—
J’espère arriver à Avignon en quelques jours d’ici et j’ai alors besoin d’un médicament dont je vous envoie copie de l’ordonnance. N’ayant pu obtenir ce médicament en Suisse où il paraît qu’on ne se sert plus du pareira2 je crains qu’il n’en fut peut-être de même à Avignon et dans ce cas je vous engage à vouloir bien en procurer à Paris ou à Marseille. On m’ordonne d’user de ce remède deux fois par jour pendant un temps considérable.
1673B.
TO AUGUSTE VON LITTROW1
- Lucerne
Aug. 9. 1871
Dear Madam—
I am very happy to learn from your testimony that there is already a widely spread interest among German women for the cause of the political & social equality of the sexes. I am much honoured by your wish that some words of approval from myself should be prefixed to the work you have prepared on “die Zukunft der Deutschen Volksschule,”2 but I have thought it right to lay down to myself as a rule, never to give my public recommendation to any work which I have not read.
1674A.
TO HODGSON PRATT1
- A[vignon]
Aug 23. 1871
Dear Sir—
I beg to acknowledge your letter of July 27 which owing to my absence from England has only just reached me.
Your desire for an organization to give true information to England & France respecting one another & to correct mutual misapprehensions is very laudable.2 But I believe that the information which it would be possible to supply, especially on the French side, would be, in the vast majority of cases, false information. The monstrous absurdities which have been & still are believed even by highly educated people in France, & the multitude of mere lies which are invented, circulated, & generally credited here respecting what takes place in France itself, would make it impossible for any French Committee to supply England with that authentic information which they themselves would seldom possess. Things are a little better in England, but even if an English Committee were able to lay before the French people the exact truth, no part of it would be believed except what agreed with the national prejudices or party prepossessions of each person. For these reasons, I hope too little from your experiment to be willing to take part in it, though I shd be most highly gratified if it were successful.
1676A.
TO P.L. MILLS1
- A[vignon]
Sept. 4. 1871
Dear Sir—
Your note of the 17th ulto has been forwarded to me here. I only received while at Luzern one letter which was not intended for you and this I returned personally to the Luzern post office. I shd add that the letter in question did not bear your name on the cover.
1684A.
TO GEORGE GILL1
- A[vignon]
Oct. 9. 1871
Dear Sir—
I beg to acknowledge your letter of Sept. 28 & your tract on Tenant Right.2 I have read both of them with interest but it is out of the question that I shd make an application to Mr Gladstone tending to procure for you any pecuniary benefit. I have made it a rule not to use influence with any Govt for such a purpose even if I possessed it, & to this rule I could not make you an exception even if I were competent to judge of the inventions referred to in your letter.
I return the pamphlet as I infer from your letter that you have not at present any other copy.
1684B.
TO AN UNIDENTIFIED CORRESPONDENT1
- Avignon
le 9 octobre 1871
Monsieur
Votre lettre du 18 septembre m’a été envoyée de Londres, mais votre brochure ne m’est pas encore parvenue.2 Je n’ai pourtant pas besoin d’attendre son arrivée pour vous témoigner ma profonde sympathie pour les opinions dont votre lettre m’apprend qu’elle est l’expression. Rien ne me donne plus d’espérance pour l’avenir de la France, que le mouvement qui se montre pour l’autonomie de la personne humaine et pour le gouvernement républicain, fédératif: et je ne doute pas que je ne trouve dans votre brochure, comme j’ai trouvé dans votre lettre, de nouveaux motifs d’encouragement à ce sujet.
J’apprends avec plaisir que vous avez collaboré à la traduction de mes volumes de Mélanges.3 Je vous donne à vous et à M. Boirac4 pleine liberté de vous qualifier de traducteurs autorisés par moi. Seulement je vous prie de vouloir bien avertir le lecteur que je n’ai pas vu la traduction; non pas assurément par méfiance de son mérite, mais parce que, n’ayant pas le loisir de la lire et de l’examiner, je trouve juste d’en laisser l’honneur et la responsabilité à qui de droit.
Agréez, Monsieur, l’assurance de ma considération distinguée et de mes sentiments amicaux.
J.S. Mill
1685A.
TO JAMES KEAPPOCH HAMILTON WILLCOX1
- A[vignon]
Oct. 10. 1871
P.S. as you say that Mr Leverson2 has printed notes of mine by way of testimonials for the office of President of a College,3 it is well you shd know that I never gave him my permission to do so, & moreover that the notes were all written before the occurrences which led to his leaving England. I have no knowledge of those occurrences, nor have I any opinion as to whether they are at all discreditable to him, but I could not have given him anything of the nature of a recommendation for such an office without knowing more about these transactions than I do.
1685B.
TO ARTHUR PATCHETT MARTIN1
- A[vignon]
Oct. 10. 1871
Private:
Dear Sir—
I thank you for your letter of the 22nd of April last. The information it contains relating to the politics of Victoria is very interesting, as to me much of it was new.
I entirely agree with you that compulsory & secular education is the most important of all questions for Australia. If this can be obtained, & successfully worked, all other questions will, in a country like yours, very soon come right of themselves. It is to be feared that the new ministry, having a Catholic though one of the best of Catholics at its head,2 will do all it can to discourage this movement. As for state-assisted immigration, whether it is desirable or not it clearly ought not to be carried into effect in opposition to the public opinion of the colony. But I have always thought that the unoccupied lands of Australia were prematurely given up to the governments of the several colonies, & ought to have been reserved as the property of the empire at large until much greater progress had been made in peopling them. The renunciation of them was by no means a necessary consequence of the introduction of responsible government. The step, however, cannot be retraced & it is to be hoped that the principle of the State being the sole landlord may be adopted in Australia so far as respects unappropriated land while there still remains a great quantity of land in that condition.
I cannot agree with Mr Higinbotham3 in his idea that the legislature shd consist of only 40 or 50 members, elected by the whole of the colony as one constituency, & largely remunerated. Forty or fifty are too few for a deliberative assembly, & too many for an administrative board, neither is it desirable that the legislature should administer; & if men are paid two or three thousand a year merely for legislating, they will think themselves bound to earn their salary by legislating a great deal too much. Besides, so long as Hare’s system4 is not adopted, the uniting of the whole electorate as one body would deprive all minorities of even the imperfect representation which the accidents of local opinion give them & the majority alone would be ever heard in the legislature.
As to the question of separation, my conviction is, that it shd rest entirely with the Australian people, & that our Govt & Parlt shd exert no pressure either way. A time will of course come when the Australian colonies, feeling strong enough to defend themselves unassisted against any attack, will think the power of England to involve them in her wars without consulting them, an evil more than equivalent to the advantage of English protection. I confess that I shd reject separation, but I do not think that the federal principle can be worked successfully when the different members of the confederacy are scattered all over the world; & I think the English people would prefer separation to an equal federation.
I hope your university will soon follow the example of the university of Sydney & that of Chicago, in the admission of women.5 At Chicago even the law school has lately been opened to them on exactly the same conditions as to male students.6 Their admission to serve on juries in the Territory of Wyoming has been, according to the testimony of the Chief Justice who had opposed it,7 eminently successful.
Pray give my compliments to Mr Rusden.8 It is very fortunate for Victoria that it contains persons of such enlightened political opinions as yourself, Mr Rusden & Mr Gresham.9
1690A.
TO AUGUSTE VON LITTROW1
- A[vignon]
Oct. 25. 1871
Dear Madam—
I thank you for your pamphlet2 which I have read with great interest & which seems to me both well argued and well written. You have confined yourself to a single item in the large subject of justice to women; but that one item is of very great importance; & you have the advantage in that instance, of making out what seems to be a case of necessity, since from your statements it appears that unless women are admitted to a large share in the work of public teaching, the popular education which is the glory of Germany is in danger not merely of remaining stationary but even of degenerating. I congratulate you cordially on your valuable contribution to the cause both of women & of education & I hope it is not the only one which they are destined to receive from you as a writer.
1699A.
TO MLLE GUILLAUMIN1
- Avignon
le 10 Decembre 1871
Mademoiselle
Il n’y a presque pas de changements dans la dernière (la septième) édition de mes Principes d’Economie Politique.2 Mais la traduction a été faite, si je ne m’y trompe pas, sur la troisième édition, et il a été fait assez de changements depuis lors pour qu’il me semble désirable que le traducteur en tienne compte.3
Ma fille se recommande particulièrement à vos bons souvenirs. Elle a été beaucoup fatiguée, sans quoi elle se serait donné le plaisir d’aller chez vous en passant par Paris.
Veuillez agréer, Mademoiselle, l’expression de ma considération la plus distinguée.
J.S. Mill
1704A.
TO [AUBERON HERBERT]1
[29 Jan., 1872]
I have read your letter with warm interest and sympathy, & the practical effect on my mind would be to wish that you would pursue the plan that has suggested itself to you, because it would, whatever its result, be one of those moralizing influences of which there are so few & of which the world wants so many; & also because the fact that it has suggested itself to you makes you the fit person to carry it out.
The only point in which I do not agree with you is the impression that the present time is a time of crisis. I have always felt very strongly the truth of St. Paul’s saying, “Behold now is the acceptable time: behold now is the time of salvation.”2 As every day of our lives is a new year’s day, so the more one reads history & watches one’s own time, does it appear to me that every time is a time of crisis: & perhaps those times in which it appears the most on the surface are the least so in fact; for it is the silent workings in men’s minds which are the true crises of history. Connected with my disagreement, if I have understood you rightly, on this point, is my deep agreement with you on the want now beginning to be felt of new, high, & definite, moral purposes—purposes capable too of inspiring lasting enthusiasm. But I think that it will never be possible to work on any great scale on the minds of the working classes, excepting by the same means & at the same time that we work upon the minds of the earnest & intelligent among other classes. In the present state of education & civilisation, working men of native energy & talent are open to the same influences as other people: & the most lasting effects upon the more commonplace characters in their own rank will be produced by these men, & not by their social superiors, however devoted & earnest.
I look upon it as the great work now to be done, to build up a system of morals capable of inspiring enthusiasm & satisfying the intellect. My own belief is that this will be a development of Xtianity, properly understood; that it must be a development from the state at which we are now arrived, worked out by many minds, for that it is a task far beyond the powers of any one; & that we are all contributing to it,—bringing stones as it were to the building of the temple, when we attempt to clear up any high point of morals or philosophy or science, inasmuch as truth will be the great object of our new system, & the world is beginning to learn how precious truth is in little things & in great. Thus it seems to me that your plan might do much, as tending both to love of truth & to human sympathy: but that lasting progress in the moral nature of all classes must come by the same means, & that we can only hope for it to come very gradually.
1767A.
TO THE JOURNAL DES ÉCONOMISTES1
le 20 Decembre 1872
Abonnement au Journal des Economistes pour l’année 1873
de la part de
J. Stuart Mill
- Avignon
1773A.
TO THE HOTEL WINDSOR1
- Tournon (Ardèche)
le 5 février 1873
M. J.S. Mill prie M. le maître de l’Hotel Windsor2 de lui garder le petit apartement à l’entresol sur la rue pour vendredi soir le 7 février, ou si cet apartement est pris de lui donner un autre appartement sur la rue. M. Mill compte arriver vendredi vers 6½ h du soir et prie qu’il y ait du feu et qu’un diner fut préparé pour son arrivée.
1784A.
TO LEONARD HENRY COURTNEY1
- 10, Albert Mansions,
- Victoria Street S.W.
March 15, 1873
Dear Mr Courtney
Will you do us the pleasure of dining with us here at seven o’clock on Friday next, March 21st? I am, Dear Mr Courtney
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
1795A.
TO MONCURE DANIEL CONWAY1
- 10 Albert Mansions
- Victoria Street. S.W.
[early April 1873]
Dear Mr Conway
It would have given my daughter and myself great pleasure to have dined with you and Mrs Conway,2 and to have met Mr Emerson and his daughter;3 but we have a long standing engagement to dine with Mr and Mrs Cairnes4 on the 12th. I am, Dear Mr Conway
very truly yours
J.S. Mill
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/6/359, n.p. (before Madras PC 6649), India Office Library and Records. See CW, Vol. XXX, App. A, No. 869, and Letter 16B below.
For Stark, see Letter 420.1 above.
[2 ]Archibald Galloway (ca. 1780-1850) and John Shepherd (d. 1859) were Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Court of Directors at this time.
[3 ]Maclean, of the Madras Board of Revenue, had been charged with being improperly implicated in loans to the Nawab of the Carnatic.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/6/359, n.p. (before Madras PC 6649), India Office Library and Records. See CW, Vol. XXX, App. A, No. 869, and Letter 16A above. Dated prior to the Board’s meeting, on Maclean’s case.
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
[2 ]Parker, the proprietor and publisher of Fraser’s Magazine 1847-60, had inserted Mill’s “The Negro Question” in Fraser’s, XLI (Jan. 1850), 25-31 (in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 85-95), in reply to Thomas Carlyle’s “Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question,” ibid., XL (Dec. 1849), 670-9.
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
[2 ]Parker, the proprietor and publisher of Fraser’s Magazine 1847-60, had inserted Mill’s “The Negro Question” in Fraser’s, XLI (Jan. 1850), 25-31 (in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 85-95), in reply to Thomas Carlyle’s “Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question,” ibid., XL (Dec. 1849), 670-9.
[1 ]MS in the Reed Collection, Dunedin Public Library, New Zealand. Published in MNL, XXIII (Winter 1988), 24, edited by Eric W. Nye.
John Chapman (1822-94), physician, author, and publisher, became proprietor and editor of the Westminster Review in 1851.
[2 ]I.e., of the parliamentary session, on 4 November.
[3 ]Mill did not write any further articles for the Westminster until January 1862.
[1 ]MS in the Huntington Library, San Marino, California. Addressed: F.J. Furnival Esq. / 11 New Square / Lincoln’s Inn. Dated from postmark.
Frederick James Furnivall (1825-1910), scholar and editor, an active Christian Socialist, had asked Mill’s permission to reprint “On the Probable Futurity of the Labouring Classes” (Bk. IV, Chap. vii of the Principles of Political Economy; CW, Vols. II-III [Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1965], Vol. III, pp. 758-96) for distribution among the working classes to encourage their interest in the cooperative movement. Mill agreed to the proposal, but wished first to “make some little additions to the chapter, tending to increase its usefulness,” Furnivall apparently helping with lists of existing associations. The chapter was, in fact, never reprinted; see CW, Vol. XV, pp. 157, 159, 162, 624, and esp. 166.
[2 ]André Louis Jules Lechevalier-Saint-André, Five Years in the Land of Refuge: A Letter on the Prospects of Co-operative Associations in England (London: Richardson, 1854), esp. pp. 44-9 and the Appendix, pp. 93-6. Mill did not cite the pamphlet in later editions of the Principles.
[3 ]Henri Robert Feugueray (1813-54), one of the editors of the Revue Nationale, author of L’association ouvrière, industrielle et agricole (Paris: Havard, 1851).
[1 ]MS draft in Mill-Taylor Collection, British Library of Political and Economic Science, with Courcelle-Seneuil’s letter of 26 October, 1853.
Jean Gustave Courcelle-Seneuil (1813-92), authority on banking, Professor of Political Economy, Santiago, Chile, from 1852, who had worked in Paris as a radical journalist on La République, Le National, and other newspapers.
[2 ]Traité théorique et pratique des opérations de banque (Paris: Guillaumin, 1853).
[3 ]With Hippolyte Dussard, Courcelle-Seneuil translated Mill’s Principles as Principes d’économie politique, 2 vols. (Paris: Guillaumin, 1854).
[1 ]MS at University College London. Dated to 1854 when, considering retirement because of ill-health, Mill and his wife were concerned about annuities; see letter of 28 February, 1854, CW, Vol. XIV, p. 170.
[2 ]The calculations of John Finlaison (1783-1860), statistician and Government actuary, responsible for many studies of actuarial problems, were outlined in Chadwick’s “Life Assurances,” Westminster Review, IX (Apr. 1828), 384-421. Full details are in PP, 1825, IV, 321-497; 1826-27, III, 869-1003; and 1829, III, 247-355.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/192, No. 57 of April 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/193, No. 12 of May 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/193, No. 129 of May 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]Christopher Waud.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/194, No. 41 of June 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]John William Kaye (1814-76) had previously served in India, and was joining the Home Establishment at this time as Assistant Examiner in the Political Department.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/194, No. 42 of June 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/194, No. 43 of June 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]See Letter 258C above.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/194, No. 94 of June 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]Wharton Rundall appears to be one of the temporary writers referred to in Letters 262D, 283A, 293A, and 306A below.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/194, No. 210 of June 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]Charles Bell and Frederick Charles Danvers (1833-1906), were employed as writers in their respective departments. Danvers, an author on engineering subjects, later became Registrar and Superintendent of Records in the India Office.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, pp. [440-2], India Office Library and Records. See also Letters 263B, 266A, 283B, and 309A below.
The joint Secretaries to the Board of Control at this time were Henry Danby Seymour (1820-77), M.P. for Poole, and George Russell Clerk (1800-89).
[2 ]The Secret Committee was composed of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman, at that time William Henry Sykes (1790-1872) and Ross Donnelly Mangles (1801-77), and one senior Director.
[3 ]A copy of Seymour’s letter to Mill is ibid., p. 433.
[4 ]Henry Thomas Petty-Fitzmaurice (1816-66), Earl of Shelburne, had been Under-Secretary of State since July.
[5 ]Jean Charles Edouard Pigeard (b. 1818), “délégué du Gouvernement Français”; his letter to Lord Shelburne of 14 August, 1856, and the draft Convention are ibid., pp. [436-40].
[6 ]The account of an earlier attempt to arrange an exchange of British and French territory is contained in the copy of a letter from Lord Shelburne to George Clerk of 16 August, 1856, ibid., pp. [434-6].
[7 ]The letter from Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, Earl Cowley (1804-84), British Ambassador to Paris, to the then Prime Minister Lord John Russell has not been located.
[8 ]Mill is presumably referring to Louis Félix Etienne, marquis de Turgot (1796-1866), Minister of Foreign Affairs at that time.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/197, No. 58 of Sept. 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/197, No. 104 of Sept. 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]Francis William Prideaux (d. 1871), Assistant Examiner in the Revenue and Separate Revenue Department.
[3 ]See Letter 260A, n2 above.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. “30/9/56/” written on MS in another hand, perhaps that of Theodor Gomperz or his son Heinrich. See Introduction, pp. xvi-xviii above.
Theodor Gomperz (1832-1912), Austrian philosopher and philologist, a great admirer of Mill, later supervised and contributed extensively to the German edition of many of Mill’s writings: Gesammelte Werke, 12 vols. (Leipzig: Fues, 1869-80).
[2 ]Gomperz’s translation of the System of Logic, based on the 3rd edition (1851), and incorporating the changes in subsequent editions, finally appeared as System der deductiven und inductiven Logik, Vols. II-IV of Gesammelte Werke (1872-73).
[3 ]Not located.
[4 ]Mill and his wife, with her son Algernon and daughter Helen, spent July and August in Switzerland.
[5 ]Arnold Ruge (1802-80), German writer on politics and philosophy, had emigrated to England following the collapse of the revolution of 1848. Gomperz had been staying in Brighton with his three sisters, before going up to London.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. “Herbst 56” in another hand on MS. Dated by Letter 262C below.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo.
[2 ]The fourth, which had appeared at the beginning of August; see Examiner, 2 Aug., 1856, p. 495.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/198, No. 174 of Oct. 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]The two writers were probably Wharton Rundall and W.I. Upton; see Letters 258G above, and 283A, 293A and 306A below.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/P&S/3/50, p. 249, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]A copy of Waterfield’s draft letter is ibid., pp. 233-[4].
[3 ]Captains W.I. Ring, of Her Majesty’s 87th Foot, and M.S. Green, of the 16th Regiment of Bombay Native Infantry, had volunteered to take part in a mission to the fortress city that was central to a dispute with Persia. War was declared on 1 November. See also Letters 262F, 270B, 270C, 270E, 286E and 321A below.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, pp. 445-[6], India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]A copy of Waterfield’s letter is ibid., p. [444].
[3 ]George William Frederick Villiers (1800-70), 4th Earl of Clarendon, had been Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs since February 1853.
[4 ]These views are expressed in a copy of a letter, dated 10 Oct., 1856, from Edmund Hammond (1802-90), permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, ibid., pp. [444]-5.
[5 ]Samuel Hennell had been the British Resident in the Persian Gulf in 1852.
[6 ]W.B. Selby is listed as being a Commander in the Navy from August 1856.
[7 ]William Fenwick Williams (1800-83) had been knighted for holding Kars against the Russians from June to November 1855.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, pp. [448]-9, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]A copy of Clerk’s letter is ibid., pp. 447-[8].
[3 ]See also Letters 260A above, and 266A, 283B, and 309A below.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, pp. [450]-1, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]A copy of Waterfield’s letter is ibid., pp. 449-[50].
[3 ]See Letters 260A and 263B above.
[4 ]The letter, sent to R. Vernon Smith, M.P., signed by Elliot Macnaughten, Chairman 1855-56, W.H. Sykes, Deputy Chairman, and Charles Mills, the senior Director, is in L/P&S/3/1, pp. 409-[10].
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/200, No. 153 of Dec. 1856, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/201, No. 159 of Jan. 1857, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/201, No. 190 of Jan. 1857, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]Edmund D. Bourdillon had been appointed Assistant Examiner in charge of the Public Department.
[3 ]Mill’s great friend and long-time associate in the East India Company, William Thomas Thornton (1813-80), had been appointed Assistant Examiner in charge of this new branch.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, p. 475, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]A copy of Waterfield’s letter is ibid., p. [474].
[3 ]Waterfield reported a request to that effect received from the Secretary of State, the Earl of Clarendon.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, p. 475, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]A copy of Hammond’s letter to George Clerk is ibid., pp. [460]-1, followed by copies of two memoranda on postal communications, pp. [462-8], and 469-71.
[3 ]James Outram (1803-63) was the commander of the army in the war against Persia. At that moment he was proceeding to Bushar, where he was successful in an engagement on 9 February.
[4 ]Stratford Canning (1786-1880), Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe, was Ambassador to Turkey at this time.
[5 ]Arnold Burrows Kemball (b. 1820) was Political Agent and Consul General at Baghdad.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/51, p. [284], India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]The original of the “Memorandum on the Establishment of Postal Communications between England and the Persian Gulf viâ the Euphrates, or by Bagdad and Beyrout,” signed by F.P. Andrew (the second memorandum mentioned in Letter 270B n2 above) is ibid., pp. 285-[8].
[3 ]See Letter 290.1 above.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, pp. [478-80], India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]A copy of Waterfield’s letter is ibid., pp. [476]-7.
[3 ]A copy of the enclosed letter, dated 24 Jan., 1857, from Herman Merivale, permanent Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, is ibid., pp. 477-[8].
[4 ]The guano was apparently being exploited by a Captain Ord and Messrs Hindson and Hayes, his partners.
[5 ]The letter from William M. Coghlan (1803-85), Acting Political Resident and Commandant at Aden from December 1854, to Henry Labouchere (1798-1869), Secretary of State for the Colonies, has not been located.
[6 ]Said ibn Sultan (of Oman), Imaum of Muscat (ruled 1804-56), had relinquished the islands by “Deed of Cession of the Kuria Muria Islands, . . . Signed at Muscat, 14 June, 1854,” in Consolidated Treaty Series, ed. Clive Parry, et al., 231 vols. (Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, 1969-86), Vol. 112, pp. 39-40.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/P&S/3/51, pp. 373-[4], India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]Not located.
[3 ]A peace was concluded in March with the Shah, Nasr-Ed-Din (1829-96).
[4 ]“Draft of a Proposed Commercial Treaty between Her Majesty the Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, and the Shah of Persia,” L/P&S/3/51, pp. 155-61, esp. 156.
[5 ]Justin Sheil (1803-71) had been Ambassador to Persia 1844-54, serving, in retirement, as consultant to the Government. His observations, here quoted, are printed in the left-hand columns of the draft treaty.
[6 ]A note in the margin of the MS, in another hand, reads: “Surely Turkey is to be regarded as rather Asiatic than European—and Russia as rather European than Asiatic.”
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/204, No. 161 of Apr. 1857, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]See Letters 258G, 262D above, and 293A, 306A below.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, pp. [482]-3, India Office Library and Records. See also Letters 260A, 263B, 266A above, and 309A below.
[2 ]At the annual elections in April, R.D. Mangles had become Chairman, and Frederick Currie (1799-1875) Deputy Chairman for the following year.
[3 ]A copy of Clerk’s letter is ibid., p. [480].
[4 ]A copy of Pigeard’s “Memorandum,” dated 29 Apr., 1857, is ibid., pp. 481-[2].
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/P&S/3/54, p. 409, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/P&S/3/54, pp. 473-[4], and copy in L/P&S/3/1, pp. 485-[6], India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]A copy of Clerk’s letter is in L/P&S/3/1, pp. 483-[4].
[3 ]Richard Francis Burton (1821-90), best known for his later attempt to find the headwaters of the Nile, while on leave from the Bombay army had explored the interior of Somaliland, November 1854 to January 1855. His letter of 15 December, 1856, to the Royal Geographical Society, not published at the time, is in Isabel Burton, The Life of Captain Sir Richard F. Burton, 2 vols. (London: Chapman and Hall, 1893), Vol. II, App. F, pp. 560-4.
[4 ]See Letter 270D, n5 above.
[5 ]John, Baron Elphinstone (1807-60) was Governor of Bombay 1853-59.
[6 ]L/P&S/3/1, p. [484].
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/207, No. 175 of July 1857, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/208, No. 90 of Aug. 1857, India Office Library and Records. The letter immediately preceding (No. 89), from H.S. Lawford, the Company’s solicitor, mentions his report on the case, of 5 August, which is probably what Mill is quoting. Whatmough was charged with having stolen thirty-six pounds of paper.
[2 ]Aaron Atkins.
[3 ]No account of Whatmough’s case has been located.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/208, No. 91 of Aug. 1857, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]See Letter 269B above.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/208, No. 92 of Aug. 1857, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, p. 489, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]Charles Augustus Murray (1806-95), Ambassador at the Court of Persia 1854-59.
[3 ]Possibly Major R.S. Taylor (1826-86), Lieutenants Godfrey Clerk (b. 1835), and John Braithwaite Hardy, the two latter from the Bombay military establishment.
[4 ]The mission was to ensure that the terms of the treaty, recently concluded with the Shah, would be properly carried out.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Two sentences only of this letter are in CW, Vol. XV, p. 539.
[2 ]Georg (1827-1903), son of the German chemist, Justus von Liebig (1803-73), who contributed to all branches of the science, but is specially known for his development of chemical fertilizers.
[3 ]Not identified.
[4 ]Philipp Gomperz (1782-1857).
[5 ]Josephine von Wertheimstein (née Gomperz) (1820-94).
[6 ]Presumably “Zu Euripides,” and (forthcoming) “Zu den griechischen Tragikern,” Rheinisches Museum, XI (1857), 470-1, and XII (1858), 477-9.
[7 ]Part of the collection of 87 treatises, many spurious, connected with the Greek physician Hippocrates (ca. 460-380 ), on medicine and related subjects, found at Herculaneum, had been deposited in the Bodleian Library, where Gomperz would later study them. He attributed the pseudo-Hippocratic treatise, “On the Art,” to the sophist Protagoras (ca. 490-420 ). See Die Apologie der Heilkunst, in Sitzungsberichte der Philosophisch-historischen Classe der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaft, Vol. 120 (Vienna, 1890), and his Griechische Denker, trans. as Greek Thinkers, 4 vols. (London: Murray, 1901-12), Vol. I, pp. 466-70.
[a-a][in CW]
[8 ]It did not appear until February, 1859 (London: Parker), after his wife’s death.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/210, No. 82 of Oct. 1857, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]See Letters 258G, 262D, 283A above, and 306A below.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/210, No. 203 of Oct. 1857, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, except for date and signature, in L/F/2/214, No. 91 of Feb. 1858, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]John Abraham Francis Hawkins was Assistant Examiner in the Judicial and Legislative Department.
[3 ]See Letter 258H above.
[4 ]David Hill (1786-1866) had retired as Assistant Examiner in March 1856.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/P&S/3/60, p. 145, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/216, No. 164 of Apr. 1858, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]See Letters 262D, 283A, and 293A above.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, pp. [490]-1, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]At the April elections, Frederick Currie had become Chairman, and William Joseph Eastwick (1808-89) Deputy Chairman of the Company.
[3 ]A copy of Clerk’s letter is in L/P&S/3/1, p. [490].
[4 ]Not located.
[1 ]MS in L/F/2/218, No. 164 of June 1858, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS copy in L/P&S/3/1, p. [488], India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]See Letter 286E above. The letter referred to has not been located.
[3 ]Outram had been appointed the military member of the Governor-General’s Council in April of 1858.
[1 ]MS in clerk’s hand, signed by Mill, in L/F/2/220, No. 171 of Aug. 1858, India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]“Return to an Order of the Honourable House of Commons Dated 24 August 1857; for, a Selection of Papers Showing the Measures Taken since 1847 to Promote the Cultivation of Cotton in India,” PP, 1857 (II), XXXI.
[1 ]MS in L/F/2/220, No. 178 of Aug. 1858, India Office Library and Records.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. The first two paragraphs are in CW, Vol. XV, pp. 569-70.
[a-a][in CW]
[b-b][not in CW]
[2 ]Not located.
[3 ]See Letter 292 above.
[4 ]Eventually published as Griechische Denker. Eine Geschichte der antiken Philosophie, 3 vols. (Leipzig: Veit, [1893]-1909).
[5 ]I.e., Mill’s “Whewell on Moral Philosophy,” Westminster Review, LVIII (Oct. 1852), 349-85; in CW, Vol. X, pp. 165-201. Gomperz did not include it in Gesammelte Werke.
[6 ]In 1859 he included “Whewell on Moral Philosophy” in Dissertations and Discussions, Vol. II, pp. 450-509.
[7 ]Cf. Letter 292 above.
[8 ]When the Crown took over the full government of India, and the East India Company was dissolved, Mill was offered a seat on the new Council by Edward Henry Stanley (1826-93), Lord Stanley, the Secretary of State for India.
[1 ]MS in the Anglo-Jewish Archive, Mocatta Library, University College London. Published in MNL, XXI (Winter 1986), 2-3, edited by J.M. Robson.
Jacob Waley (1818-73), Conveyancer to the Court of Chancery, philanthropist, Professor of Political Economy at University College London.
[2 ]Waley’s letter has not been located, but the reference is surely to “Effect of improvements in production on international values,” Bk. III, Chap. xviii, Sect. 5 (added in the 3rd ed., 1852, and not thereafter modified) of Mill’s Principles; in CW, Vol. III, pp. 604-7.
[1 ]MS in the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, Unversity of Texas at Austin. Addressed: William Stebbing Esq. / Rolls Chambers / 89 Chancery Lane.
William Stebbing (1832-1926), journalist and editor.
[2 ]An Analysis of Mr. Mill’s System of Logic (London: Longman, et al., 1864).
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Part published in CW, Vol. XV, p. 613.
[2 ]On Liberty.
[3 ]Not identified.
[a-a][in CW]
[4 ]The plural pronoun now includes his step-daughter, Helen Taylor (1831-1907), his companion during the remaining years of his life.
[b-b][in CW]
[1 ]MS at Kwansai Daigaku, Suita, Japan. Published in Mill Society Bulletin Japan [MSBJ], I, no. 6 (1985), 19-23, edited by Shigekazu Yamashita.
[2 ]John Elliot Cairnes (1823-75), a disciple and close friend of Mill’s, “The Laws, According to Which a Depreciation of the Precious Metals Consequent upon an Increase of Supply Takes Place, Considered in Connection with the Recent Gold Discoveries,” Journal of the Dublin Statistical Society, Pt. XIII (Jan. 1859), 236-69.
[3 ]Cairnes did so: see his two-part article, “Essay towards an Experimental Solution of the Gold Question,” Fraser’s Magazine, LX (Sept. 1859), 267-78, and LXI (Jan. 1860), 38-53.
[4 ]In the 2nd ed. of Thoughts on Parliamentary Reform (London: Parker, 1859; 1st ed. also 1859), the highly laudatory part of “Recent Writers on Reform,” Fraser’s Magazine, LIX (Apr. 1859), 489-508, dealing with A Treatise on the Election of Representatives Parliamentary and Municipal (London: Longman, et al., 1859), by Thomas Hare (1806-91) was added; see CW, Vol. XIX, pp. 358-70.
[5 ]Not identified.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Part published in CW, Vol. XV, p. 621.
[2 ]From April to July, France and Austria were at war over the place of Piedmont in a unified Italy.
[a-a][in CW]
[3 ]Gomperz translated On Liberty as Über die Freiheit, which later appeared in Gesammelte Werke, Vol. I (1869), pp. 1-123.
[4 ]Richard Eduard John (1827-89), German jurist, author of Einiges über das Unterrichts-Gesetz (1861).
[b-b][in CW]
[c-c][in CW]
[d-d][in CW]
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Most included in CW, Vol. XV, p. 625.
[a-a][in CW]
[2 ]On Liberty; see Letter 392.
[b-b]CW on
[3 ]The sentence in question reads: “And so long as mankind were content to combat one enemy by another, and to be ruled by a master, on condition of being guaranteed more or less efficaciously against his tyranny, they did not carry their aspirations beyond this point” (CW, Vol. XVIII, p. 218).
[c-c][in CW]
[d-d]CW could
[1 ]MS in the Prussian State Library, Berlin.
Henri Bordère (1825-59), botanist of the Hautes Pyrénées, whom Mill presumably met on his trip to the area in July 1859. Bordère’s letter has not been located.
[2 ]A village in the Spanish Pyrenees close to the French border.
[3 ]The most likely friend is one of his companions on botanical field trips, Alexander Irvine (1793-1873), compiler of the Illustrated Handbook of the British Plants (London: Nelson, 1858), and also editor of the Phytologist, for which Mill wrote.
[1 ]MS in the University of Iowa Library.
Samuel Lucas (1818-68), editor of Once a Week 1859-65, and brother of Frederick Lucas, another of Mill’s correspondents.
[2 ]For Kaye, see Letter 258D above. He had continued in the India Office after the transfer of the Company’s Charter to the Crown in 1858. In the interval Mill mentions, he had supplied for Lucas an obituary, “Mountstuart Elphinstone. In Memoriam,” Once a Week, I (10 Dec., 1859), 502-4. Elphinstone (1779-1859), whose successful career in India was capped by his Governorship of the Bombay Presidency 1819-27, was regarded, on his return to England, as a major authority on India.
[1 ]MS in the University of London Library.
Herbert Spencer (1820-1903), philosopher, social scientist, and psychologist.
[2 ]Spencer was collecting a list of influential subscribers to his projected System of Philosophy to be issued in quarterly instalments at 2/6, so that he could go to the public for more support in a circular, which was issued in the next month. He finally obtained between 300 and 400 subscribers, but the scheme was unfulfilled; the first part of the proposed work, First Principles (London: Williams and Norgate, 1862) was sold in the normal fashion.
[1 ]MS at the Archives de l’Institut de France, Paris.
François Auguste Marie Mignet (1796-1884), journalist and historian, Permanent Secretary of the Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques of the Institut de France 1837-84, and Director of the Foreign Office Archives until 1848. See also Letters 487A and 600A below.
[2 ]I.e., Thomas Tooke; see Letter 8.1 above.
[3 ]One of Mill’s earliest writings on history was his “Mignet’s French Revolution,” Westminster Review, V (Apr. 1826), 385-98; in CW, Vol. XX, pp. 1-14.
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Satoshi Yamasaki, Kagawa University. Addressed: Monsieur le Sécrétaire Perpetuel de l’Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. See also Letters 460A above and 600A below.
[2 ]Considerations on Representative Government (London: Parker, 1861); in CW, Vol. XIX, pp. 371-577.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo.
[2 ]The first edition of Considerations on Representative Government was published by Parker in April.
[3 ]Über die Freiheit, trans. F. Pickford (Frankfurt: Sauerländer, 1860).
[1 ]MS in the National Library of Wales, Aberystwyth.
[2 ]When editor of the London and Westminster Review, Mill had solicited from Alexis Henri Charles Maurice Clérel, comte de Tocqueville (1805-59), social analyst, historian, and politician, one article, “Political and Social Condition of France,” for Vol. III & XXV (Apr. 1836), 137-69. It is not known what use Senior wished to make of the article.
[3 ]Tocqueville, L’ancien régime et la révolution (Paris: Lévy, 1856).
[4 ]They eventually were, by Senior’s daughter, as Correspondence and Conversations of Alexis de Tocqueville with Nassau William Senior from 1834-1859, ed. M.C.M. Simpson, 2 vols. (London: King, 1872).
[5 ]Senior, who was a member of the Royal Commission on Popular Education 1858-61, decided to publish his views, not adopted by the Commission, in Suggestions on Popular Education (London: Murray, 1861).
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo.
[2 ]See Letter 487B.
[3 ]See Letter 487B.
[1 ]MS in the Fonds Cochut, Archives Nationales, Paris.
André Cochut (1812-90), a collaborator on the Revue des Deux Mondes 1837-69, writer on economic and political affairs, including workers’ associations.
[2 ]Probably at the meeting held on 11 April, 1861, when a question of Mill’s was discussed: “What is the value of Moral Education to Economical Improvement; and conversely, what are the bearings of Economical Prosperity on Moral Excellence?”
[3 ]The 5th ed., 1862.
[4 ]Gilbert Urbain Guillaumin (1801-64), co-founder of the Journal des Economistes in 1842, was the publisher of the French translation of the 3rd ed. of Mill’s Principles.
[1 ]MS in the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales. Addressed: Miss Spence / Stepney / near Adelaide / South Australia.
Catherine Helen Spence (1825-1910), Australian novelist and leading advocate of women’s rights.
[2 ]Inspired by Mill’s account of Hare’s scheme in his “Recent Writers on Reform,” Spence wrote A Plea for Pure Democracy: Mr. Hare’s Reform Bill Applied to South Australia (Adelaide: Rigby, 1861). It was being forwarded through Henry Parkes (1815-96), an Australian statesman who corresponded with Mill.
[3 ]Arthur Helps (1813-75), reforming author, Clerk of the Privy Council from 1860, and Henry Thomas Buckle (1821-62), historian of civilization.
[4 ]Letters to the editor, entitled “Representation of Minorities,” signed C.H.S., in the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register for 31 Aug. and 9 Sept., 1861, both p. 3.
[5 ]The plan was introduced as part of 14 & 15 Victoria, 1861, No. 20, to the South Australian parliament in ineffectual speeches on 3 May and 1 August, 1861, by Lavington Glyde (1823-90), an English-born accountant and parliamentarian. He vainly raised the issue again in 1871 and 1872. After a period when her reforming energies were directed to other projects, Spence returned to proportional representation in the 1890s, and from 1902 to 1910 a bill embodying her version of the plan was introduced annually in the South Australian parliament.
[1 ]MS at the Massachusetts Historical Society.
Caroline Wells Dall (née Healey) (1822-1912), advocate of equal opportunity in education and economic life.
[2 ]Dall, Woman’s Rights under the Law: In Three Lectures Delivered in Boston, January, 1861 (Boston: Walker, Wise, 1861). Mill is mentioned on pp. 92-4, and Harriet Taylor Mill’s “Enfranchisement of Women” on p. 108.
[3 ]“Enfranchisement of Women,” Westminster Review, LX (July 1851), 289-311, was reprinted in Dissertations and Discussions, 2 vols. (London: Parker, 1859), Vol. II, pp. 411-49; in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 393-415. For the prefatory paragraphs, see Dissertations and Discussions, Vol. II, pp. 411-12; in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 393-4.
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Arnold Heertje, University of Amsterdam.
For Guillaumin, see Letter 503A above.
[2 ]Charles Brook Dupont-White (1807-78), French economist, translated Mill’s Representative Government as Le gouvernement représentatif (Paris: Guillaumin, 1862).
[3 ]A writer on economic and agricultural subjects, and friend of Mill’s in Avignon.
[4 ]Célestin le Barbier de Blignières (1822-1905), positivist philosopher. Mill wrote to him on the same day, thanking him for his Exposition abrégée et populaire de la philosophie et de la religion positives (Paris: Chamerot, 1857), and promising him a copy of the translation of Representative Government; see CW, Vol. XV, pp. 768-70.
[5 ]Guillaumin’s daughter, who continued his publishing business after his death; see Letter 1699A below.
[6 ]The anticipated articles by Maximilien Paul Emile Littré (1801-81), lexicographer, scholar, and positivist philosopher, seem not to have been published in Le Journal des Débats. Mill’s review of Dupont-White’s L’individu et l’état, 2nd ed. (Paris: Guillaumin, 1858), and La centralisation (Paris: Guillaumin, 1860) appeared as “Centralisation,” Edinburgh Review, CXV (Apr. 1862), 323-58; in CW, XIX, 579-613.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
[2 ]I.e., offprints of Mill’s “The Contest in America,” Fraser’s Magazine, LXV (Feb. 1862), 258-68 (in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 125-42); the list of recipients has not survived. A copy of the offprint is in Mill’s library, Somerville College, Oxford.
[3 ]He and Helen Taylor (1831-1907), his step-daughter, companion, and collaborator after her mother’s death, were setting out for a trip through Greece.
[4 ]Séances et Travaux de l’Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques was issued in Paris from the office of the Moniteur, beginning in 1842.
[5 ]The 5th ed. of the Logic appeared in March; the 5th ed. of the Principles in April. No list of recipients has survived.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo. Addressed: Sir Charles Trevelyan K.C.B. &c.
Charles Edward Trevelyan (1807-86), who had been a civil servant in India 1826-38, became Assistant Secretary to the Treasury in 1840, and in that capacity administered relief in Ireland during the famine. He returned to India as Governor of Madras in 1858, but was recalled in 1860.
[2 ]Pasquale Villari (1826-1917), Italian historian and statesman, known to Mill since 1854, was appointed Professor of History at Pisa in 1859.
[3 ]Trevleyan was mainly responsible for the controversial “Report on the Organisation of the Permanent Civil Service,” PP, 1854, XXVII, 1-31, which advocated that competitive examinations replace patronage.
[4 ]La storia di Girolamo Savonarola e de’ suoi tempi, 2 vols. (Florence: Le Monnier, 1859-61).
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Most published in CW, Vol. XV, pp. 795-6.
[a-a][in CW]
[b-b][not in CW]
[c-c][in CW]
[2 ]“The Slave Power,” Westminster Review, n.s. XXII (Oct. 1862), 489-510 (in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 143-64), reviewing John Elliot Cairnes’s The Slave Power: Its Character, Career, and Probable Designs (London: Parker, Son, and Bourne, 1862).
[3 ]The series, by Edward James Stephen Dicey (1832-1911), author and journalist, ran from April to September 1862, in Macmillan’s, V, 453-62, and VI, 16-29, 138-53, 177-91, 284-97, 408-20. The reprint, Six Months in the United States, 2 vols. (London and Cambridge: Macmillan), did not in fact appear until 1863. Dicey had earlier published Rome in 1860 (London: Macmillan, 1861).
[4 ]The cause of the North was faring badly at this point, and The Times was predicting eventual victory for the South. Mill was perhaps referring to the comments on Lincoln’s attitude towards slavery in “The Civil War in America,” The Times, 8 Sept., 1862, p. 9.
[d-d]CW generation
[e]CW the
[5 ]Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-82), the Italian patriot, had initiated an effort to take Rome, but at Aspromonte, on 27 August, he was wounded and captured by government forces. He was soon liberated, however, under an amnesty.
[6 ]Napoleon III (1808-73), Emperor of the French, was maintaining a garrison in the Vatican area, in support of the Pope as a sovereign prince against Victor Emmanuel, the King of Italy, who had been recently recognized by the great powers; see “The Roman Question,” The Times, 27 Sept., 1862, p. 9.
[7 ]Urbano Rattazzi (1808-73), had been Prime Minister of Italy since March; he was driven from office in December, because of the popular reaction against the government’s treatment of Garibaldi at Aspromonte.
[8 ]No letter has been located from J. von Schiel, who had translated the inductive part of Mill’s Logic as Die inductive Logik in 1849, and the full work as System der deductiven und inductiven Logik, 2 vols., in 1862-63 (both Braunschweig: Vieweg).
[f-f][in CW]
[g-g]CW sincerely
[h-h][in CW]
[9 ]Gomperz had alluded, too indirectly for Mill’s comprehension, to his growing feelings for Helen Taylor. See Letter 644 below.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Most of the letter, without the questionnaire sent by Gomperz, published in CW, Vol. XV, p. 809. The questionnaire follows, with the questions given in italics.
[a-a][not in CW]
[2 ]An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy (London: Longmans, et al., 1865); CW, Vol. IX.
[3 ]“The Contest in America.” Gomperz’s abstract has not been located.
[b-b][not in CW]
[4 ]The phrase duly appeared on the title page of Vol. II of Gesammelte Werke.
[5 ]See System of Logic, CW, Vol. VIII, pp. 746-72 (Bk. V, Chap. iii).
[6 ]The reference is to three footnotes added in the 5th ed. of 1862; ibid., Vol. VII, pp. 34-5 (Bk. I, Chap. ii, Sect. 5), p. 98 (Bk. I, Chap. v, Sect. 4), and pp. 308-9 (Bk. III, Chap. iii, Sect. 1), respectively.
[7 ]Ibid., p. 6 (Introduction, Sect. 3); Gomperz gives the line number, counting “from below.”
[8 ]Ibid., p. 277 (Bk. II, Chap. vii, Sect. 5).
[1 ]MS at University College London.
[2 ]As a blue book from the Queen’s Printers, Eyre and Spottiswoode; in PP, 1862, LX, 443-783.
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Isaac Kramnick, Cornell University.
This statement in support of constitutional government in Greece may have been solicited from Mill following the revolution in 1862 (cf. the hope expressed in Helen Taylor’s article “Greece,” Penny Newsman, 22 Mar., 1863, p. 1, that the result would be “the establishment of a good and popular government”); or it may date from the end of 1864, when the recently installed King of the Hellenes, George I, was forced to accept an ultrademocratic constitution, drawn up by the National Assembly.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. See Introduction, p. xxi above.
[1 ]MS at not located. Copy in the British Library.
Meredith White Townsend (1831-1911) and Richard Holt Hutton (1826-97) had been co-proprietors and joint editors of the Spectator since June 1861.
[2 ]Mill is undoubtedly referring to Theodor Gomperz; the information may be that mentioned in Letter 564 above.
[3 ]The editors, like Mill, were running counter to prevailing public opinion by supporting the cause of the North in the American Civil War.
[1 ]MS in the Bodleian Library.
James Edwin Thorold Rogers (1823-90), first Tooke Professor of Statistics at University College London from 1859, and Drummond Professor of Political Economy at Oxford from 1862.
[2 ]The nature of the invitation—presumbly to Oxford—is unknown, Rogers’ letter not being extant.
[3 ]Rogers was an advocate of opening to girls the matriculation examinations at grammar schools. Oxford refused, but Cambridge agreed to a trial, conducted in the London local examinations in December 1863, and then opened the examinations to girls in 1864. Oxford followed in 1870.
[4 ]Rogers was working on his great History of Agriculture and Prices in England, 7 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1866-1902).
[1 ]MS in the Georgetown University Library. Dated from internal evidence.
[2 ]Published in book form by Parker in 1863; first published in parts in Fraser’s Magazine, LXIV (Oct., Nov., Dec. 1861), 391-406, 525-34, and 658-73 (in CW, Vol. X, pp. 203-59). The list has not survived.
[3 ]Max Kyllman (1832-67), German-born anti-slavery activist and promoter of the co-operative movement.
[1 ]MS not located. Copy in the British Library.
Mountstuart Elphinstone Grant Duff (1829-1906), statesman and author, at this time M.P. for Elgin Burghs.
[2 ]Grant Duff had apparently recommended his friend, Charles Henry Pearson (1830-94), Professor of Modern History at King’s College, London, for the editorship of the National Review, a Unitarian journal, the previous year. Pearson retained the post from June 1862 to July 1863. See also Letter 595C below.
[1 ]MS in the Bodleian Library. See Letter 595B above.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo. The letter is addressed to Mignet as the Permanent Secretary of the French Académie des Sciences Morales et Politiques. See also Letters 460A and 487A above.
[2 ]I.e., Utilitarianism.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Dated from the reference to the meeting and Gomperz’s presence in London.
[2 ]Henry Fawcett (1833-84), Professor of Political Economy at Cambridge, friend and disciple of Mill.
[3 ]Presumably the meeting on 26 March, 1863, of Trade Unionists in support of the North in the U.S. Civil War. John Bright presided, and Mill was on the platform. Reported in The Times, 27 Mar., p. 12. (Cf. CW, Vol. XV, p. 851.)
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Mostly published in CW, Vol. XV, p. 862. Dated from a letter from Gomperz to his sister of 15 June, 1863, in which the invitation is mentioned.
[a-a][not in CW]
[2 ]Jean Joseph Louis Blanc (1811-82), socialist politician and historian, had been in exile in England since the French Revolution of 1848, in which he had played a leading role.
[b-b][not in CW]
[3 ]Eduard Wessel (1822-79), a journalist and teacher, had joined Gomperz in England. He later contributed translations of Considerations on Representative Government and Dissertations and Discussions to Gesammelte Werke, Vols. VIII and X-XI, respectively.
[c-c][not in CW]
[1 ]MS in the Bodleian Library.
[2 ]On 16-17 June the Prince of Wales with the Princess visited Oxford so that he could be awarded a D.C.L. Charles Kingsley withdrew his name from the list of candidates because Pusey, on theological grounds, threatened to cry “non-placet” at the ceremony. It seems possible that there had been some attempt to propose Mill for the honour.
[3 ]In the elections that began on 31 May not a single Government candidate had been elected in the Paris region; see “French Elections,” Examiner, 6 June, 1863, p. 354.
[1 ]MS in the Osborn Collection, Yale University.
Thomas Bayley Potter (1817-98), a Manchester businessman, founder in 1861 of the Union and Emancipation Society.
[2 ]Including, in 1863, The Speech by William Edward Forster on the Slaveholders’ Rebellion; and Professor Goldwin Smith’s Letter on the Morality of the Emancipation Proclamation, and Goldwin Smith, War Ships for the Southern Confederacy.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Most published in CW, Vol. XV, pp. 878-9. See Letter 292 above.
[a-a][in CW]
[2 ]The letter from Gomperz’s sister has not been located. Mill had made her acquaintance the previous summer.
[b-b]CW à
[c-c]CW en
[d-d]CW à
[e-e][in CW]
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Most published in CW, Vol. XV, pp. 882-3.
[a-a][in CW]
[b-b][not in CW]
[c-c]CW in
[2 ]CW, Vol. XV, pp. 854-5 (23 Apr., 1863).
[d-d]CW know then
[3 ]That Gomperz wanted to marry Helen Taylor.
[e-e]CW am
[4 ]Not identified.
[5 ]“Mr Theodor Gomperz has my full approbation and sanction for publishing a translation of my book entitled ‘Utilitarianism’ / J.S. Mill / Avignon / September 17. 1863.” This sentence, signature, and date are on a separate sheet. The translation was in fact done later by Adolph Wahrmund (1827-1913), and, corrected and revised by Gomperz, appeared as Das Nützlichkeits-princip, in Gesammelte Werke, Vol. I (1869), pp. 125-200.
[1 ]MS in the National Library of Australia, Canberra. Published in MNL, IX (Summer 1974), 7-8, edited by Ged Martin.
John Plummer (1831-1914), a self-educated factory worker who became a journalist, became acquainted with Mill in 1859, and later emigrated to Australia.
[2 ]Plummer was London correspondent of the Sydney Morning Herald, the leading newspaper in New South Wales.
[3 ]A newspaper published by Edwin Chadwick and addressed to a working-class readership.
[4 ]Plummer had won first prize of £30 in a national mechanics’ essay competition organized by the Rev. J.P. Gell of Notting Hill, London. His views are summed up in the title of his essay: Our Colonies: An Essay on the Advantages Accruing to the British Nation, from Its Possession of the Colonies, Considered Economically, Politically and Morally (London, Kettering, and Sydney, 1864). On 6 March, 1864, Mill wrote to Plummer: “I like your Essay on the Colonies very much, though I do not go the length of all you say respecting their advantages” (CW, Vol. XV, p. 923).
[5 ]Goldwin Smith (1823-1910) published a series of letters in the Daily News in 1862-63 advocating independence for the colonies. These were revised in an attempt to add consistency to their arguments, and published as The Empire (Oxford and London: Henry and Parker, 1863). On 8 November, 1864, Mill wrote to J.E. Cairnes, “I do not at all agree with Goldwin Smith in thinking the severance actually desirable” (CW, Vol. XV, p. 965).
[6 ]Mill and Helen Taylor were at Blackheath again on 17 February, 1864 (CW, Vol. XV, p. 920).
[1 ]Published as a letter to the editor in the Gardeners’ Chronicle and Agricultural Gazette, 13 Feb., 1864, p. 150 (and then in an obituary notice, ibid., 17 May, 1873, p. 679); in MNL, X (Winter 1975), 2-3, edited by Anna J. Mill.
John Lindley (1799-1865), botanist and horticulturist, was one of the founders of the Gardeners’ Chronicle in 1841 and principal editor until his death.
[2 ]Perhaps “Royal Horticultural Society,” The Times, 22 Jan., 1864, p. 5.
[3 ]It was not Alfred (849-901 ), but Edgar (944-75 ), who extirpated the wolves. See Mill’s usual source for such stories, David Hume, The History of England, 8 vols. (London: Cadell, Rivington, et al., 1823), Vol. I, p. 126.
[4 ]See Letter 689A below.
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
[2 ]Probably Pierre Barrère, a teacher of French, author of Les écrivains français (1863), who was applying to University College London, of which Grote was Vice-Chancellor, as an Examiner. For further efforts by Mill on his behalf, see Letter 973A below, to William Smith, and CW, Vol. XV, p. 1184, to Thomas Henry Huxley.
[3 ]Hugues Charles Stanislas Cassal (1818-85), exiled from France in 1852, was Professor of French at University College London 1860-85, as well as sometime Examiner.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Maxwell Tylden Masters (1833-1907), physician and botanist, lecturer at St. George’s Hospital from 1855.
[2 ]Mill was instrumental in the protest against the Society’s offering prizes for herbaria; see Letter 671B above, and for the resultant memorial, Royal Horticultural Society Proceedings, IV, 91-4.
[3 ]The name of Charles Cardale Babington (1808-95), Professor of Botany at Cambridge, heads the signatures to the memorial.
[1 ]MS draft in the University Library, Cambridge. Published in MNL, XXII (Winter 1987), 3, edited by Jean O’Grady. In answer to Stephen’s letter of 9 April, and replied to by Stephen on 14 April (also at Cambridge).
James Fitzjames Stephen (1829-94), author and later judge, whose “The Study of History,” Cornhill Magazine, III (June 1861), 666-80, and IV (July 1861), 25-41, was praised by Mill in the 5th ed. of his Logic (1862), CW, Vol. VIII, pp. 941-2.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Most published in CW, Vol. XV, pp. 944-5.
[2 ]Gomperz’s Philodemi Epicurei de ira liber (Leipzig and London: Teubner, 1864); see Mill’s letter of 22 August, CW, Vol. XV, p. 953.
[a-a][in CW]
[3 ]For Mill’s earlier expressions of concern, see Letters 618 and 633, CW, Vol. XV, pp. 862-3, 873-5, and Letters 639 and 644 above.
[b]CW you
[4 ]An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy and of the Principal Philosophical Questions Discussed in His Writings (London: Longmans, et al., 1865); CW, Vol. IX (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1979).
[5 ]Emile Littré had translated of the works of Hippocrates, Oeuvres complètes (Greek and French), 12 vols. (Paris: Baillière, 1839-61).
[1 ]MS at Osaka University of Commerce, Japan. Published in MSBJ, I, no. 6 (1985), 3, edited by Takutoshi Inouyé.
William Dougal Christie (1816-74), barrister, M.P. for Weymouth 1841-47, in the Foreign Service 1851-63, was minister of Brazil from 1859 until 1863, when diplomatic relations were broken off.
[2 ]Christie, The Brazil Correspondence in the Case of the “Prince of Wales” and the Officers of the “Forte,” Reprinted from Papers Laid before Parliament (London: Ridgway, 1863). For the originals, see PP, 1863, LXXIII, 121-302.
[3 ]Christie, Notes on Brazilian Questions (London and Cambridge: Macmillan, 1865), republished from the Daily News, 2 July to 5 Oct., 1864, where the matter appeared as letters, signed “C.”
[4 ]William Henry Clark, one-time Registrar of the Great Northern Railway, and a member of the Reform Club, who wrote to the Daily News as “A Friend to both Countries.”
[5 ]See, e.g., Leader on foreign policy, The Times, 14 July, 1864, p. 8.
[1 ]MS formerly in the possession of Mr. David H. Lewisohn, London.
Prescott, Grote & Co., London banking firm.
[1 ]MS in the Russell Archive, McMaster University.
John Russell (1842-76), Viscount Amberley, son of Lord John Russell, a radical Whig and disciple of Mill’s, whom he had met the previous year.
[2 ]See Letter 595A above.
[3 ]See Letter 388A above.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Most published in CW, Vol. XVI, p. 1040.
[a-a][in CW]
[2 ]Theodor Gomperz, Herkulanische Studien. Erstes Heft: Philodem über Induktions-schlüsse, nach der Oxforder und Neapolitaner Abschrift (Leipzig: Teubner, 1865).
[b-b][in CW]
[3 ]“The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte,” and “The Later Speculations of Auguste Comte,” Westminster and Foreign Quarterly Review, LXXXIII (Apr. 1865), 339-405, and LXXXIV (July 1865), 1-42, republished as Auguste Comte and Positivism (London: Trübner, 1865); in CW, Vol. X, pp. 261-368.
[4 ]George Grote, Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates (London: Murray, 1865).
[1 ]MS in The John Rylands University Library of Manchester. Published MNL, XVIII (Summer 1983), 25, edited by Margaret Schabas.
William Stanley Jevons (1835-82) was at this time Lecturer in Logic and Political Science at Owens College, Manchester. See also Letter 940A below.
[2 ]Pure Logic; or, The Logic of Quality Apart from Quantity, with Remarks on Boole’s System and the Relation of Logic to Mathematics (London: Stanford, 1864).
[3 ]Jevons devoted Chaps. xiv and xv to discussion and modification of the application of mathematics to logic by George Boole (1815-64), late Professor of Mathematics at Queen’s College, Cork, especially in his An Investigation of the Laws of Thought, on Which Are Founded the Mathematical Theories of Logic and Probabilities (London: Walton and Maberley, 1854).
[4 ]Augustus De Morgan (1806-70), Professor of Mathematics at University College London 1828-31 and 1836-66, was a friend and correspondent of Mill. De Morgan’s most important work in this area was Formal Logic; or, The Calculus of Inference, Necessary and Probable (London: Taylor and Walton, 1847), which Mill criticized, on these same grounds, in his System of Logic, CW, Vol. VII, pp. 171n-2n.
[5 ]Mill may have in mind, in addition to Jevons and De Morgan, John Venn (1834-1923), Lecturer in Moral Science at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, since 1862.
[1 ]MS in the University Library, Cambridge. Published in MNL, XXII (Winter 1987), 4, edited by Jean O’Grady.
[2 ]Stephen, “Dr. Newman’s Apologia,” Fraser’s Magazine, LXX (Sept. 1864), 265-303, concerning John Henry Newman (1801-90), the Anglican divine whose conversion to Catholicism in 1845 was a cause célèbre; and “Merivale’s Sermons on the Conversion of the Roman Empire,” ibid., LXXI (Mar. 1865), 363-82, concerning Charles Merivale (1808-93), historian and Dean of Ely.
[3 ]Stephen also contributed to Fraser’s on religious topics, “Women and Scepticism,” LXVIII (Dec. 1863), 679-98; “The Privy Council and the Church of England,” LXIX (May 1864), 621-37; “Dr. Pusey and the Court of Appeal,” LXX (Nov. 1864), 644-62; and “What Is the Law of the Church of England?” LXXI (Feb. 1865), 225-41. He was contemplating a volume of essays on religious subjects. For a full list of his contributions, see Wellesley Index to Victorian Periodicals, Vol. II.
[4 ]Stephen contested Harwich for the Liberals in 1865, but was notably unsuccessful. This was of course the election in which Mill gained his seat.
[5 ]I.e., the Political Economy Club, which on that date discussed a question proposed by Mill: “Does the high rate of interest in America and in new Colonies indicate a corresponding high rate of profits? and if so, What are the causes of that high rate?”
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Toshio Ohfuchi, Nihon University, Tokyo.
[2 ]On behalf of the Committee working to elect Mill as M.P. for Westminster, its Chairman, Charles Westerton (1813-72), bookseller and librarian, had written to overcome Mill’s reluctance to appear before the electors. See Mill’s reply of 26 June, 1865, CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1073-4.
[3 ]Mill was, in the event, called upon to make four speeches that week (on Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Saturday) and, more at his leisure, two more on the following Monday before his victory speech after the close of the polls on Tuesday, 12 July. For the speeches, see Public and Parliamentary Speeches, CW, Vols. XXVIII-XXIX (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1988), Vol. XXVIII, pp. 13-45.
[4 ]Frances A. Bain (née Wilkinson) (d. 1892).
[1 ]MS at Kwansei Daigaku, Suita, Japan. Published in MSBJ, I, no. 6 (1985), 24-6, edited by Shigekazu Yamashita.
James Alfred Cooper (1822-98), founder and editor of the British Controversialist and Literary Magazine, which he initiated in 1859. A Birmingham industrialist, he was active in educational reform.
[2 ]Anon. (but probably Cooper), “Modern Logicians: John Stuart Mill,” in the numbers for March and April, 1865, pp. 161-73 and 241-56.
[3 ]Mill continued to resist the proposal; only in 1884, after his death, was a People’s Edition of the System of Logic published by Longman with Helen Taylor’s approval.
[1 ]MS in the Longman Archive, University of Reading. Published in MNL, XIII (Summer 1978), 12, edited by Bruce L. Kinzer.
William Longman (1813-77), head of the firm which had taken over Parker’s business in1864.
[2 ]The 6th ed. appeared in September 1865.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
John and Charles Watkins of 34 Parliament St. advertised themselves as “Photographers to the Queen, the Prince of Wales, and the Ex-Royal Family of France.”
[2 ]After repeated refusals, Mill had agreed to have a photograph taken to give to friends and admirers.
[3 ]In fact, Mill and Helen Taylor did not leave London for their trip to Germany until after 2 September.
[4 ]Thomas Hughes (1822-96), author of Tom Brown’s School Days, who was elected M.P. for Lambeth in 1865, and was frequently allied with Mill in the House of Commons.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Phebe Lankester (née Pope) (d. 1900), author of books on British wild flowers, was the wife of Edwin Lankester, an activist doctor and scientist who had strongly supported Mill in his election campaign.
[2 ]See Letter 862AA.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Arthur John Williams (1836-1911), a law student, called to the bar in 1867, a member, like Mill, of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science (popularly referred to as the Social Science Association).
[2 ]There was no action then in parliament concerning the abolition of rules for excluding evidence in the courts. Mill’s allegiance to the cause dates back to his editing of Jeremy Bentham’s Rationale of Judicial Evidence (1827); see the Introduction to CW, Vol. XXXI, pp. xv-xix.
[3 ]The meeting was held in Sheffield, 4-12 October, 1865.
[4 ]In the event, Alfred Waddilove (1806-90), ecclesiastical lawyer and author, spoke on the matter: “Is It Expedient to Remove Any and What of the Remaining Restrictions on the Admissibility of Evidence in Civil and Criminal Cases?” Transactions of the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science, 1865 (London: Longman, et al., 1866).
[1 ]MS in the Bodleian Library.
Henry Wentworth Acland (1815-1900), Professor of Medicine at Oxford, and Radcliffe Librarian.
[2 ]The Harveian Oration (London: Macmillan, 1865).
[3 ]Not identified.
[4 ]The rejection of Final Causes is a basic tenet of the positive philosophy of Auguste Comte (1798-1857), the French philosopher with whom Mill corresponded extensively.
[1 ]MS in the Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire de Genève. Published in Ernest Naville, sa vie et sa pensée, ed. Hélène Naville, 2 vols. (Geneva: Georg; Paris: Fischbacher, 1913-17), Vol. II, pp. 85-6.
Jules Ernest Naville (1816-1909), Swiss author of philosophical and political works.
[2 ]Conseil de l’Association Réformiste. Séance du 21 novembre 1865. Réforme du système électoral (Geneva: printed Vaney, 1865). This was a report by Naville, President of the Genevan Association, which was founded in 1865.
[3 ]I.e., of proportional representation, as presented in Thomas Hare’s Treatise on the Election of Representatives.
[4 ]For these “middle axioms,” see Francis Bacon (1561-1626), Novum Organum (1620), in Works, ed. James Spedding, et al., 14 vols. (London: Longman, et al., 1857-74), Vol. I, p. 159 (Latin), Vol. IV, p. 50 (English).
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Toshio Ohfuchi, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Thomas Havlin has not been identified.
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Arnold Heertje, University of Amsterdam.
Edwin Arnold (1832-1904), then leader writer, and later editor of the Daily Telegraph.
[2 ]The Daily Telegraph, with most of the British press, supported Edward John Eyre (1815-1901), Governor of Jamaica, who had crushed the insurrection of 1865 and punished its leaders; see “The Negro Insurrection,” and “Governor Eyre,” Daily Telegraph, 29 and 30 Nov., 1865, both p. 3.
[3 ]Eyre’s “boast” is in his “Despatch to the Rt. Hon. Edward Cardwell, M.P.” (20 Oct., 1865), PP, 1866, LI, 158. For Mill’s account of the other “authorities,” see his speech of 19 July, 1866, “The Disturbances in Jamaica [1],” CW, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 93-5. In July Mill would become the Chairman of the Jamaica Committee, dedicated to bringing Eyre to trial.
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
[2 ]Probably the leading article on secular education for Ireland, Scotsman, 29 Jan., 1866, p. 2. At this time, Mill, with John Elliot Cairnes the initiator of the effort, was preparing for a struggle in parliament to defend the nondenominational Queen’s University in Ireland (a group of three Colleges) from a government scheme that would have crippled it by allowing Catholics to obtain degrees without an attendance requirement. See esp. Mill’s letter to Cairnes of 6 January, 1866, CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1133-4, in which he asks about Neate’s view of the question. For a full discussion, see Bruce L. Kinzer, “John Stuart Mill and the Irish University Question,” Victorian Studies, XXXI (Autumn 1987), 59-77.
[3 ]Charles Neate (1806-79), lawyer and Professor of Political Economy at Oxford, was Liberal M.P. for Oxford 1857 and 1863-68.
[1 ]MS in the Osborn Collection, Yale University.
Ralph Bernal Osborne (1811-82), liberal M.P. for various constituencies 1841-65, and Secretary to the Admiralty 1852-58, had been defeated in the general election in July 1865. He was elected in a by-election for Nottingham in April 1866. If the letter is indeed to him, it would seem likely that it dates from the first months of the parliamentary session in 1866, when Osborne might have wanted a “gallery order” so that he could follow the debate in the Commons during the brief period when he was not in the House.
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
[2 ]The request may well pertain to the scheduled debate on habeas corpus in Ireland, Saturday, 17 February.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
[2 ]Count Adam Gurowski (1805-66), exiled Polish author and agitator, with whom Mill had become acquainted in Paris in the 1830s, emigrated to the United States in 1849. The first two volumes of his Diary had been published in America (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1862; New York: Carleton, 1864). Gurowski had sent Mill a proof copy of Vol. III before its publication (New York: Morrison, 1866). Mill declined either to edit an English edition or to write an introduction to it (see CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1113-14), and no English edition appears to have been published.
[3 ]This paragraph is cancelled in the MS, possibly by the clerk who filled the order, and noted the transaction with his initials and the date, 21 Feb., 1866.
[4 ]The most recent editions were, of the Principles, the 6th (1865), of On Liberty, the 3rd (1864), and of Representative Government, the 3rd (1865).
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
William Corrie (1806-81), barrister and solicitor, was Remembrancer of the City of London from 1864.
[1 ]MS in the Prussian State Library, Berlin.
John Nicolaus Trübner (1817-84), publisher, author, and translator, then publisher of the Westminster Review, and consequently of Mill’s Auguste Comte and Positivism (1865), was identified as the probable agent for transmitting books in a letter of this date (CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1158-9) from Mill to Samuel Sullivan Cox (1824-89), tariff reformer, formerly Democratic Congressman from Ohio.
[2 ]These, as the letter to Cox indicates, concerned the operation of free trade in the U.K., and were supplied by William Newmarch (1820-82), economist and statistician; the only title Mill specifies is Newmarch’s “Commercial History and Review of 1865,” “Supplement to the Economist,” XXIV (10 Mar., 1866), 1-64.
[1 ]MS in The John Rylands University Library of Manchester. Published in Papers and Correspondence of William Stanley Jevons, ed. R.D. Collison Black, 7 vols. (London: Macmillan, 1972-81), Vol. III, p. 120.
[2 ]A Serious Fall in the Value of Gold Ascertained, and Its Social Effects Set Forth (London: Stanford, 1863).
[3 ]The Coal Question: An Enquiry Concerning the Progress of the Nation, and the Probable Exhaustion of Our Coal Mines (London and Cambridge: Macmillan, 1865). Mill had praised the work on 17 April, 1866, in the House of Commons; see CW, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 70-1.
[4 ]See Letter 819A above.
[1 ]MS at Osaka University of Commerce, Japan. Published in MSBJ, I, no. 6 (1985), 4, edited by Takutoshi Inouyé.
[2 ]Christie, author of Electoral Corruption and Its Remedies and Suggestions for an Organization for the Restraint of Corruption at Elections (both published in 1864 by the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science), actively supported Mill’s campaign in the Commons for reform of the laws on bribery and corruption; see CW, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 9-11, 263-5.
[3 ]See William Ewart Gladstone (1809-98), the Liberal leader, “Speech on the Representation of the People Bill” (12 Mar., 1866), PD, 3rd ser., Vol. 182, col. 25, in introducing “A Bill to Extend the Right of Voting at Elections of Members of Parliament in England and Wales,” 29 Victoria (13 Mar., 1866), PP, 1866, V, 87-100.
[4 ]Christie had been defeated at Cambridge in the general election of 1865, and was again unsuccessful at Greenock in 1868.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo; in Helen Taylor’s hand, but signed by Mill.
G. Harvey and the pamphlet he sent Mill have not been identified.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. (1841-1935), later Associate Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, was visiting England.
[2 ]Holmes accompanied Mill and Henry Fawcett to the meeting; for his recollections, see Mark De Wolfe Howe, Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, 2 vols. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1957-63), Vol. I, pp. 226-7.
[1 ]MS in the Lilly Library, Indiana University, Bloomington. Published in MNL, XII (Winter, 1977), 2, edited by Marcia Allentuck.
Joshua Toulmin Smith (1816-69), a strong advocate of local government and democratic self-determination.
[2 ]It is not known what Smith had mentioned; when the issue arose in the Commons, Mill made no reference to the matter.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
[2 ]Holmes did not meet Spencer (see Howe, Justice Holmes, Vol. I, p. 226).
[3 ]On Tuesday, 11 June, Holmes dined in the Members’ Room of the Commons with Mill and Alexander Bain (ibid., p. 228).
[1 ]MS in the James Beal Collection at the Greater London Record Office.
James Beal (1829-91), auctioneer and land agent, who had led the movement to elect Mill, was particularly concerned about municipal reform.
[2 ]Mill was a member of the Select Committee on Metropolitan Local Government, which began to hear evidence on 9 March, 1866. William Edward Hickson (see Letter 277.2 above) appeared before the Committee on 26 July, when he was questioned by Mill. See the Committee’s “Second Report,” PP, 1866, XIII, 569-85. (Mill’s part of the questioning is in CW, Vol. XXIX, pp. 536-8.) The previous evidence that Hickson wished to see is in the “First Report,” PP, 1866, XIII, 171-315.
[3 ]Acton Smee Ayrton (1816-86), barrister, M.P. for Tower Hamlets 1857-74, chaired the Committee on Metropolitan Government.
[4 ]Presumably a committee of St. James’s Vestry, on which Beal was active.
[5 ]The Liberal Reform Bill (see Letter 949A above) was before the House from 14 March, with frequent crucial debates. The Bill was finally withdrawn on 20 July, and the Conservatives consequently formed a new administration.
[6 ]Thomas Beggs (1808-96), an engineer and brass founder, temperance advocate and political reformer, was allied with Beal in Mill’s election campaign. He had appeared before the Metropolitan Local Government Committee on 26 April and 10 May; see PP, 1866, XIII, 367-73 and 374-8. (Mill’s part of the questioning is in CW, Vol. XXIX, pp. 471-6.)
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo. Dated from postmark. Addressed: Rev. Joseph Crompton / Lauderdale House / Highgate / N.
Joseph William Crompton, sometime minister of the Unitarian Octagon Chapel, Norwich, who had been a classmate of Mill’s brother, James, was a trustee for his sister, Jane Ferraboschi.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Presumably, William Smith (1813-93), lexicographer and classical scholar.
[2 ]For similar effort by Mill on Barrère’s behalf, see Letter 683A above. The International Education Society succeeded in founding a school near Paris, but it lasted only until the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War; see also CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1087, 1092.
[1 ]MS in the Osborn Collection, Yale University.
It is likely that Mill is acknowledging royalty payments for his works; see his letter of 28 April, 1866, to Longman (CW, Vol. XVI, p. 1161). At this time, Mill commonly dated brief notes simply “Blackheath,” with month and day.
[1 ]MS at Kwansai Daigaku, Suita, Japan. Published in MSBJ, I, no. 6 (1985), 27-9, edited by Shigekazu Yamashita.
George Jacob Holyoake (1817-1906), free-thinking journalist and leader in the development of the co-operative movement, publisher of the Reasoner, and editor, during its brief existence, of The Working Man; a Weekly Record of Social and Industrial Progress.
[1 ]MS in the William R. Perkins Library, Duke University. Addressed: Rev. Walter L. Clay / Social Science Association / 1 Adam Street / Adelphi / London W.C.
Walter Lowe Clay (1833-75), Church of England divine, sometime chaplain of Preston Gaol, and writer on prisons.
[2 ]When the National Association for the Promotion of Social Science met in Birmingham in October, there was no session devoted to extradition treaties. In parliament, Mill had been successful in limiting to one year the application of 29 & 30 Victoria, c. 121 (10 Aug., 1866), the Act amending the law relating to extradition; later, in 1868, he was an active member of the Select Committee on Extradition (see CW, Vol. XXIX, pp. 542-71).
[3 ]The public issue Mill was most involved in was the controversy over ex-Governor Eyre of Jamaica. His pressing authorial work was the 3rd ed. of An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy (CW, Vol. IX) and his Inaugural Address at St. Andrews (in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 215-57).
[1 ]MS at Kwanseigakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
Elizabeth Malleson (née Whitehead) (1828-1916), wife of Frank Rodbard Malleson, had founded the Working Women’s College two years earlier. For the prospectus, and her inaugural address on the occasion, see the English Woman’s Journal, XIII (Aug. 1864), 430-2 (in which Mill is mentioned as a subscriber), and Address at the Opening of the Working Women’s College, October 26th, 1864 (London: Kenney, 1868).
[2 ]Presumably to launch the new academic year.
[1 ]MS in the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin.
John Morley (1838-1923), editor and author, later statesman, met Mill in 1866, and became intimate in subsequent months (see his Recollections, 2 vols. [New York: Macmillan, 1917], Vol. I, p. 52), before taking a trip to the U.S.A. in the winter of 1867-68.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
The reporter is unidentified.
[2 ]Mill delivered his Rectorial Address at St. Andrews University on 1 February, and it was reported in full in the Scottish and national press before its publication as a book later that month. How he could arrange for a printed text to reach Glasgow on the day of the speech’s delivery is not known; the account in the Herald (2 Feb., p. 6), while substantial and close to the book version, omits central paragraphs.
[1 ]MS in the University Library, Cambridge.
John Malcolm Forbes Ludlow (1821-1911), lawyer, author, and social reformer.
[2 ]Benjamin Scott (1814-92), Chamberlain of the City of London, was to testify before the Select Committee on Metropolitan Government, of which Mill was a member, on 6 and 28 March, and 1, 11, and 30 April, 1867, as he had in the previous year. For Scott’s exchanges with Mill, see CW, Vol. XXXI, pp. 390-1, 402-4, and Vol. XXIX, pp. 443-4.
[1 ]MS in the University Library, Cambridge.
For the dating and the references, see Letter 1046A above.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Andrea Crestadoro (1808-79), a bibliographer, had been appointed chief librarian of the Manchester Public Free Libraries.
[2 ]Crestadoro had prepared an Index-Catalogue of the Hulme Lending Branch of the Manchester Public Free Libraries (Manchester, 1867).
[3 ]The Index-Catalogue indicates that the Library already had On Liberty, Principles of Political Economy, and Considerations on Representative Government.
[4 ]Among “others,” Mill was probably planning to send the 2nd eds. of Dissertations and Discussions and of the Inaugural Address and the 3rd ed. of the Examination, all of which appeared in the spring of 1867.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
[2 ]Graham had evidently asked Mill to be surety for a debt; see CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1286 and 1296, and Vol. XVII, p. 1602.
[3 ]Graham was retiring as Registrar-General of Births and Deaths, a position he had held since 1838.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Henry Studdy Theobald (1847-1934), was then a student at Oxford, and later a lawyer and author. His father, William, an old friend of Mill’s, was also an author of legal works, and a member of the Calcutta bar.
[2 ]The accompanying note, of 28 March, 1867, to Gustave d’Eichthal (1804-86), an early disciple of Saint-Simon, and friend of Mill’s from 1828, is in CW, Vol. XVI, p. 1261.
[1 ]MS in the James Beal Collection at the Greater London Record Office.
[2 ]Mill was still in London on 11 April, when he attended a meeting of the Select Committee on Metropolitan Government; he is referring to advance copies of the evidence given to the Committee up to that date. For the evidence, see the Committee’s “Third Report,” PP, 1867, XII, 443-600.
[3 ]On 30 April the Committee met, Mill present, and debated Resolutions; these were revised in subsequent meetings and the final version was agreed on 6 May, with a short report. See the Committee’s “Second Report,” ibid., pp. 435-41*.
[4 ]Acton Smee Ayrton chaired the Committee.
[5 ]On 13 May Mill moved for leave to introduce “A Bill for the Establishment of Municipal Corporations within the Metropolis,” 30 Victoria (21 May, 1867), PP, 1867, IV, 447-66, and announced that he would later bring forward “A Bill for the Better Government of the Metropolis,” 30 & 31 Victoria (6 Aug., 1867), ibid., 215-56. Both Bills were drafted by Beal, with assistance from Ludlow; see Letter 1112A below. Mill’s speeches of 21 May and 7 August, introducing the measures, are in CW, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 162-5 and 230-1.
[1 ]MS in the Pennsylvania State University Library.
Henry Wyndham Phillips (1820-68), painter, was Honorary Secretary of the Institution for thirteen years.
[2 ]The 52nd anniversary was celebrated at the Freemason’s Tavern on 18 May with Anthony Trollope in the chair; see Art-Journal, XXIX (June 1867), 179.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Katherine Louisa Russell (1842-74), wife of John, Viscount Amberley, was a close friend of Mill and Helen Taylor.
[2 ]John Bright (1811-98), M.P. for Birmingham, had voted for Mill’s amendment to the Reform Bill (30 & 31 Victoria, c. 102), which would have given votes to women. For the debate, see PD, Vol. 187, cols. 817-45; the amendment was lost, 196 to 73. Mill’s speech is in CW, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 151-62.
[1 ]MS at Osaka University of Commerce, Japan.
Burnett has not been identified.
[2 ]In August, Sections 24 and 25 of the Reform Bill would give the University of London a representative in the Commons.
[1 ]MS in the University Library, Cambridge.
[2 ]I.e., to introduce the second of Beal’s bills on the municipal reform of London, “A Bill for the Better Government of the Metropolis” (see Letter 1075A above). On “Tuesday week,” 30 July, however, the House was “counted out” before Mill could do so, and he had to wait until 7 August.
[3 ]See Clause 62, PP, 1867, IV, 233.
[4 ]Unheaded leading article, Morning Star, 19 July, 1867, p. 4.
[5 ]Frederick William Chesson (ca. 1833-88), pamphleteer and activist, was on the editorial staff of the Morning Star, a radical daily, normally enthusiastic about Mill’s ideas.
[1 ]MS in the University Library, Cambridge.
[2 ]See Letter 1112A above for the context of this and the following matters.
[3 ]Benjamin Scott, Chamberlain of the City of London; see Letter 1046A above.
[4 ]Not identified.
[1 ]MS in the India Office Library and Records. For Grant Duff, see Letter 595B above.
[2 ]See Letter 1103A above.
[3 ]Mill was working hard to promote Chadwick’s candidacy; see, e.g., his letters of 25 and 31 July, CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1294-5 and 1296.
[1 ]MS at Trinity College, Cambridge. Published in MNL, IX (Summer, 1974), 10, edited by J.B. Schneewind.
Henry Sidgwick (1838-1900), a graduate and fellow of Trinity College Cambridge, classicist and philosopher, was experiencing religious difficulties, especially over the question of subscription to the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England. He wrote to Mill, as a stranger, on 28 July, 1867 (MS at Johns Hopkins), explaining his problems in attempting, on “principles of ethics,” to write about the position liberals “ought to take up with regard to the traditional . . . religion of the country.” He asked if Mill could devote time to “viva voce” discussion or to reading his “statement” on the subject. The latter presumably was a draft of The Ethics of Conformity and Subscription (London: Williams and Norgate, 1870). See Letter 1160A below.
[1 ]MS at the Archives de l’Ancien Maine et du Département de la Sarthe:
Frédéric Passy (1822-1912), French economist and prolific author.
[2 ]Passy had just founded the Ligue in collaboration with Michel Chevalier (1806-79), early Saint-Simonian and advocate of free trade, Auguste Joseph Alphonse Gratry (1805-72), liberal theologian, and Charles Loyson (“Père Hyacinthe”) (1827-1912), also a liberal theologian. The first President was Johann Heinrich (Jean Henri) Dollfus (1800-87), mayor of Mulhouse in Alsace.
[1 ]MS in the State Library of Victoria, Australia.
Edwin Carton Booth (ca. 1827-78), an English-born Australian journalist, editor of Home News for Australia, then on a tour of the U.K. and the U.S.A.
[1 ]MS in the Library of the Religious Society of Friends in Ireland, Dublin. Published in MNL, XX (Summer 1985), 13, edited by T.P. Foley.
Thomas Joseph Haslam (1825-1917), an Irish Quaker, was an advocate of birth control and of repeal of the Contagious Diseases Acts. His wife Anna Maria (née Fisher) (ca. 1830-after 1918) an advocate of women’s suffrage, had signed the petition on the subject presented by Mill to the Commons in 1866.
[2 ]Presumably these were written, not printed, reports by Haslam and Richard Davis Webb (d. 1872), a Dublin printer and Quaker, who was prominent in anti-slavery, temperance, and peace campaigns in Ireland. He joined the Suffrage Society but not the Committee (see Mill’s letter to Cairnes, of 1 September, 1867, CW, Vol. XVI, p. 1315).
[3 ]The Executive Committee of the London National Society for Women’s Suffrage included at that time Clementia Taylor (1811-1908), wife of Peter Alfred Taylor; Millicent Fawcett (1811-1929), wife of Henry Fawcett; Frances Power Cobbe (1822-1902), philanthropist and religious writer; Margaret Lucas (1818-90), wife of Samuel Lucas, the journalist, and sister of John and Jacob Bright; and Katherine Hare, daughter of Thomas Hare.
[4 ]John Francis Maguire (1815-72), lawyer, author, and politician; John Aloysius Blake (1826-87), politician and author; James Lyster O’Beirne (b. 1820), politician and land reformer; John Gray (1816-75), religious and land reformer, editor and proprietor of The Freeman’s Journal; and William Pollard-Urquhart (1815-71), politician and author of economic and historical works.
[5 ]The pamphlet has not been identified, but might be an earlier, unrecorded version of his The Marriage Problem. By “Oedipus.” Printed for Gratuitous Circulation amongst Adult Readers Only (Dublin: n.p., 1868).
[1 ]MS at Trinity College, Dublin.
John Pentland Mahaffy (1839-1919), classicist, then a Fellow of Trinity College Dublin.
[2 ]Mahaffy had unsuccessfully applied for the Professorship of Philosophy at Dublin.
[3 ]In the introduction to his translation of Ernst Kuno Berthold Fischer (1824-1907), German Hegelian, A Commentary on Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason (London: Longmans, Green, 1866), Mahaffy had criticized Mill on “the doctrine of Permanent Possibilities, and the subject of Necessary Truths,” as Mill indicated in the 3rd ed. of An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy; see CW, Vol. IX, p. civ.
[1 ]MS at Kwanseigakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
William Rossiter (d. 1897), a portmanteau maker who joined the Working Men’s College in 1854, was active as a teacher and promoter of education.
[2 ]In 1868 Rossiter established the South London Working Men’s College in Blackfriars Road with Thomas Henry Huxley as Honorary Principal and himself as Secretary.
[3 ]Mill subscribed to the building fund (Bee-Hive, 23 May, 1868, p. 4), but does not seem otherwise to have been active.
[1 ]MS at Trinity College Library, Cambridge. Published in MNL, IX (Summer 1974), 10-11, edited by J.B. Schneewind.
[2 ]See Letter 1127A above.
[1 ]MS in the Prussian State Library, Berlin.
Anton Dohrn (1840-1909), a German zoologist, founder of the Marine Biology Laboratory in Naples, had requested Mill’s agreement to his translating the Inaugural Address (London: Longmans, et al., 1867). In the event, Dohrn waived his right (see CW, Vol. XVI, p. 1391), and Adolf Wahrmund translated the work as Rectoratsrede, gehalten an der St. Andrews Universität, in Theodor Gomperz’s edition of Mill’s writings, Gesammelte Werke, Vol. I, pp. 203-63.
[1 ]MS in the India Office Library and Records.
Grant Duff’s help may have been solicited in this matter because he was knowledgeable about foreign affairs, and spoke German.
[2 ]This small island in the North Sea off the mouths of the Elbe and the Weser had been a British possession since 1807. The letter has not been located, but the complaints of the inhabitants were probably related to a proposed change in the constitution, abolishing provisions for elected representatives. See “Return of the Order in Council of the 7th Day of January, 1864, and the 29th Day of February, 1868, as to the Government of Heligoland,” PP, 1890, XLIX, 503-9.
[1 ]MS in the India Office Library and Records. See 1186B above.
[1 ]MS in the Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire de Genève.
[2 ]Almost certainly Naville, La question électorale en Europe et en Amérique: Rapport présenté à l’Association Réformiste de Genève (Geneva: Georg, 1867).
[3 ]Not identified.
[4 ]I.e., 30 & 31 Victoria, c. 102 (1867), the Second Reform Act, which made gestures towards minority representation by giving some boroughs three members (the electors voting only for two) and by granting a seat to the University of London.
[1 ]MS in the Niedersächsische Staats-und-Universitäts Bibliothek, Göttingen. Addressed: Dr. G. Cöhn, Königle Statistik-Bureau, Berlin.
Gustav Cöhn (1840-1919), a German economist.
[2 ]William Thomas Thornton (1813-80), economist, long-time friend and colleague of Mill’s in the East India Company.
[3 ]Henry Pitman (1826-1909), editor of The Cooperator, published in London and Manchester 1860-71, and Edward Owen Greening (1836-1923), editor of the Industrial Partnership Record (a monthly) from its founding in 1867 to January 1869.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
See Letter 1139A above.
[2 ]Webb’s letter has not been located; the pamphlet was England and Ireland (London: Longmans, et al., 1868), just published.
[3 ]Not identified.
[1 ]MS in the John Rylands University Library of Manchester.
R. Henry Tabouelle has not been identified.
[2 ]No such translation of England and Ireland seems to have appeared.
[1 ]MS in the Georgetown University Library.
[2 ]At this date, undoubtedly reviews of England and Ireland, such as those on 22 February in the Examiner, p. 116, and in the Spectator, pp. 216-18.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
See Letter 862AA above.
[2 ]The Earl of Derby resigned as Prime Minister on 25 February, and on the 28th the House adjourned until 5 March, when it reconvened with a new Prime Minister, Benjamin Disraeli (1804-81). “A Bill for Amending the Laws Relating to Election Petitions, and Providing More Effectually for the Prevention of Corrupt Practices at Elections,” 31 Victoria (13 Feb. 1868), PP, 1867-68, II, 267-86, came forward for second reading. Mill did not speak on the bill until 26 March (CW, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 262-5).
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library. First two sentences published in CW, Vol. XVI, p. 1380.
Probably John Arthur Elliott, whose writings on slavery, to which Mill refers, have not been identified.
[a-a][in CW]
[1 ]MS in the India Office Library and Records. See Letters 1186B and 1188A above.
[2 ]Not further identified.
[1 ]MS at Osaka University of Commerce, Japan. Published in MSBJ, I, no. 6 (1985), 5, edited by Takutoshi Inouyé.
[2 ]In general, Mill followed Christie’s guidance in attempting to amend the Bribery Bill; see Letter 1197A above. For a discussion of the campaign and the issues, see Bruce L. Kinzer’s Introduction to CW, Vol XXVIII, pp. xlvii-l; Mill’s own assessment is in CW, Vol. I, p. 283.
[3 ]“Amendment of Election Petitions and Corrupt Practices at Elections Bill,” Pall Mall Gazette, 24 Apr., 1868, p. 5.
[4 ]Frederick Greenwood (1830-1909), first editor of the Pall Mall Gazette 1865-80, was also co-editor of the Cornhill Magazine 1862-68.
[5 ]Alexander Pulling (1813-95), serjeant-at-law, “The Law of England Relating to Purity of Elections,” Law Magazine and Law Review, 3rd ser., XXI (1866), 54-68 and 274-82, reprinted in pamphlet form as Our Parliamentary Elections (London, 1866).
[6 ]Clause 12 of “A Bill for the Amendment of the Representation of the People in Scotland,” 31 Victoria (17 Feb., 1868), PP, 1867-68, IV, 579-614, provided the County of Aberdeenshire with two members. The clause became Sect. 9 of 31 & 32 Victoria, c. 48 (13 July, 1868). As noted in n4 of Letter 949A above, Christie unsuccessfully contested Greenock in 1868.
[1 ]MS at Fukuyama University, Japan.
Robert Harrison (1788-1897), Librarian of the London Library, of which Mill was an active member. Dated to 1868 because, though Mill was busy at the time, he was in Blackheath, and was thinking of the edition of his father’s Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind, which appeared in 1869. There is reference in it to the Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), by Adam Smith (1723-90), the Scottish economist and philosopher; see CW, Vol. XXXI, pp. 230-1.
[2 ]A copy of the 6th ed., 2 vols. (London: Strahan and Cadell, 1790), is in Mill’s library, Somerville College, Oxford, but perhaps it was then in Avignon, where Mill had taken many of his books.
[1 ]MS at Kwanseigakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
See Letter 1152B above.
[2 ]The subject of John Plummer’s lecture at the South London Working Men’s College has not been identified.
[3 ]See Letter 1229A above.
[4 ]As well as the evening classes of the College, Rossiter conducted a day school for boys and girls on the premises.
[1 ]MS at Kwanseigakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
[2 ]See Letter 1239A above.
[3 ]William Brewer (d. 1881), physician, chairman of the Metropolitan Asylums Board, who was again active in Mill’s support, was himself elected for Colchester in the election of 1868. There is no record of Rossiter’s serving on Mill’s election committee.
[4 ]I.e., England and Ireland; in CW, Vol. VI, pp. 505-32.
[1 ]MS at Osaka University of Commerce, Japan. Published in MSBJ, I, no. 6 (1985), 5, edited by Takutoshi Inouyé.
[2 ]Andrew Lusk (1810-1909), a Scot, Lord Mayor of London 1860-61 and 1873-74, Alderman for Aldgate, was a Liberal M.P. for Finsbury 1865-85. For Lusk’s assistance to Christie, who was a candidate for Greenock, see Mill’s letter to Christie of 16 June, 1868, CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1415-16.
[3 ]Robert Lusk continued the successful wholesale grocer business in Greenock (not Greenwich) in which Andrew had been engaged before moving to London in 1840.
[4 ]James Johnston Grieve (1810-91), a Greenock merchant, was elected as a Liberal on 18 November.
[5 ]No deputation to Disraeli appears to have taken place. For Mill’s active part in the debate on the Bill, see CW, Vol. XXVIII, pp. 262-328 passim.
[1 ]MS formerly in the possession of Mrs. K.E. Roberts, Harrow Weald.
Dated to 1868 by the reference to the Provisional Committee. On 29 February, 1868, Mill attended a conference at the offices of the Reform League, Edmond Beales in the chair, at which it was agreed that, with Hare’s assistance, a pamphlet should be prepared, giving a simple explanatory statement of his system of proportional representation. At a subsequent meeting on 13 June, which Mill was not able to attend, a committee was established with the aim of founding an association to collect and disseminate information on ways of improving representative government by reorganizing constituencies. See The Times, 2 March, and 15 June, both p. 5.
[1 ]MS not located. Quoted from the catalogue of Elkin Mathews Ltd., [1941]. Dated by reference to the first consideration of the “extradition report” by the Select Committee on 2 July, at which both James Stansfeld (1820-98) and Mill were present.
Peter Alfred Taylor (1819-91), radical M.P. for Leicester 1862-84, was allied with Mill on such major issues as women’s suffrage, the Jamaica Committee, and anti-slavery.
[2 ]For the Committee’s report, see PP, 1867-68, VII, 129-336; for Mill’s involvement, see CW, Vol. XXIX, pp. 542-71.
[3 ]The catalogue reads “pass,” but it seems more likely that Mill had failed to get a “pair,” and so was obliged to attend the House to vote on the agreement to second reading of “A Bill to Repeal Certain Tests and Alter Certain Statutes Affecting the Constitution of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge,” PP, 1867-68, III, 589-92; see PD, 3rd ser., Vol. 193, col. 471.
[4 ]Probably the Jamaica Committee, of which Mill was Chairman, and Taylor, Treasurer. The Executive was, at this time, preparing an explanation of itscourse of action in its most recent attempt to bring ex-Governor Eyre to trial. The “Statement,” dated 15 July, is in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 429-35.
[1 ]MS in the William R. Perkins Library, Duke University.
[2 ]Not located.
[3 ]See Letter 8.1 above.
[1 ]MS in the Pennsylvania State University Library.
Henry Mitchell (1830-1902), the leading hydrographer with the U.S. Coast Survey 1849-88.
[2 ]On 1 August.
[3 ]William Tite (1798-1873), architect and antiquarian, M.P. for Bath 1855-73, who had served with Mill on the Select Committee on Metropolitan Local Government in 1866 and 1867.
[4 ]Post-Office Court Guide and The Post-Office London Directory, both published annually by Kelly.
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
Hodges has not been otherwise identified.
[2 ]Gladstone, the Liberal leader, soon to be Prime Minister, was standing for two seats, in South Lancashire (his former constituency) and Greenwich. It was understood that if elected for the former, where a stiff fight was occurring, he would sit for it, and relinquish the latter. John Baxter Langley, a writer on life insurance and railways, had withdrawn as a Liberal candidate in Greenwich to make Gladstone’s election easier. In the event, Gladstone lost in South Lancashire, but was elected for Greenwich.
[1 ]MS in the Fawcett Library, London.
Mary Carpenter (1807-77), a philanthropist and educational reformer, had gone to India in 1866 to examine the condition of women and of prisons. After communicating with the then Governor-General, John Laird Mair Lawrence (1811-79), on these subjects, she returned to England in mid-1867.
[2 ]On 17 October there was a deputation of members of the Social Science Association “for the purpose of bringing reforms to the gaols of India,” to the Viceroy-elect, Richard Southwell Bourke (1822-72), 6th Earl of Mayo; see The Times, 20 Oct., 1868, p. 8.
[3 ]Suggestions on Prison Discipline and Female Education in India (Bristol: Arrowsmith, 1867).
[1 ]MS in the Nottinghamshire Record Office.
[2 ]Anna Brownell Jameson (1794-1860), a prolific author on various topics, Communion of Labour: A Second Lecture on the Social Employments of Women (London: Longman, et al., 1856).
[3 ]Not identified.
[1 ]MS at Fukuyama University, Japan.
Caroline Lindley, a neighbour of Mill’s at Blackheath and a frequent correspondent of Helen Taylor’s 1866-82, was active in the establishment of a Birkbeck school at Hethersett, Norfolk, in 1855.
[2 ]These schools, named for George Birkbeck (1776-1841), founder of the Mechanics’ Institutions, were first established in 1848 by Mill’s friend, William Ellis. The curriculum emphasized science and utilitarian economics. At one time there were seven schools in London, and others in the provinces.
[3 ]Mill had returned to London for the election campaign early in November, leaving Helen in Avignon.
[1 ]MS at Fukuyama University, Japan.
[2 ]Having lost the election the previous day, Mill was free to remain abroad longer than anticipated. He left London on the 23rd, and remained in Avignon until the end of February.
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
George Washburn Smalley (1833-1916), foreign correspondent of the New York Tribune, who had met Mill in Avignon in 1866, lived in London 1867-95. Smalley’s reply to this letter is at Johns Hopkins; for Mill’s reply to it, see CW, Vol. XVII, p. 1541.
[2 ]Mill’s open support for Edwin Chadwick as a Liberal candidate in Kilmarnock greatly offended Edward Pleydell Bouverie (1818-89), a sitting Liberal member, one of the “Adullamites” who had opposed Gladstone’s Reform Bill. Bouverie admonished Mill in a letter, and when Mill responded, published the correspondence in the national press (see The Times, 16 Oct., p. 10). The Daily News, which also printed the correspondence on 16 Oct., published leading articles on the controversy on 21 Oct., p. 4, and 23 Oct., p. 4. These are much more favourable to Mill than his comment implies, the second explicitly blaming Bouverie for publishing the correspondence without Mill’s approval. For the full correspondence, see CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1453-4 and 1460-4, and Vol. XXV, p. 1220.
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Paul P. Streeten, Boston University.
This is the statement “in the form of a letter” that Mill refers to in his covering letter to Chapman of 27 December, 1868 (CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1532-3). Mill said that Chapman could “shew” this, but “did not wish it to be published”; see also ibid., p. 1544, to Chapman.
[1 ]MS in the India Office Library and Records.
[2 ]The British colony of Mauritius had been suffering since December 1866 from a prolonged epidemic of malaria, and there was unrest among the indentured Indian labourers.
[3 ]In the French colony of Réunion, anti-clerical demonstrations on 2 and 3 December, 1868, were badly handled by the administration, and resulted in a tragic confrontation between government troops and the crowd.
[4 ]The severe repression of the Morant Bay rebellion of 11 October, 1865, had involved Mill deeply in the Jamaica question. See Letter 914A above and the references there given.
[5 ]On 8 December, 1868, Grant Duff had been appointed Under-Secretary of State for India.
[1 ]MS at St. Andrews University Library. Excerpt published in CW, Vol. XVII, p. 1569, dated [March 1869], from A.S.G. Butler, Portrait of Josephine Butler (London: Faber, 1954), p. 62.
Josephine Elizabeth Butler (née Grey) (1828-1906), vigorous advocate of women’s rights, was best known for her campaign against the Contagious Diseases Acts. She was working at this time on Women’s Work and Women’s Culture (London: Macmillan, 1869).
[2 ]Not identified.
[a-a][in CW]
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. Part published in CW, Vol. XVII, p. 1583. Excerpt in Theodor Gomperz: Ein Gelehrtenleben, ed. Robert A. Kann (Vienna: Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1974), p. 44.
[a-a][in CW]
[2 ]James Mill, Analysis of the Phenomena of the Human Mind (1829), 2nd ed., ed. John Stuart Mill, with notes by Alexander Bain, Andrew Findlater, and George Grote, 2 vols. (London: Longmans, et al., 1869).
[3 ]Alexander Bain, The Senses and the Intellect (1855), 3rd ed. (London: Longmans, Green, 1868), and The Emotions and the Will (1859), 2nd ed. (Longmans, et al., 1865).
[4 ]They are in CW, Vol. XXXI, pp. 93-253; they did not appear in Gesammelte Werke.
[b-b][in CW]
[c]CW (of the translation)
[5 ]Not further identified.
[6 ]Eduard Wessel had apparently told of the death of Gomperz’s nephew, Carl Wertheimstein (1847-66), in a letter enclosed with that of Gomperz to Mill of 26 March, 1868 (MS Johns Hopkins); see also CW, Vol. XVI, pp. 1356 and 1392.
[1 ]MS at the Bishopsgate Foundation, London.
Charles Bradlaugh (1833-91), outspoken advocate of free-thought and political reform, proprietor and editor of the National Reformer, in seeking election in 1868 had received support from Mill that had damaged Mill’s own campaign.
[2 ]See Letter 1139A above.
[3 ]Mill and Helen Taylor had drafted the petition that was circulating through the U.K.; see CW, Vol. XVII, pp. 1551-2, 1575-6. Mill thanked Bradlaugh for his aid on 24 May, 1869, ibid., p. 1606.
[1 ]MS draft in the University Library, Cambridge. In answer to Stephen’s letter of 24 April, also at Cambridge, thanking Mill for a copy of James Mill’s Analysis. Published in MNL, XXII (Winter 1987), 7, edited by Jean O’Grady.
[2 ]William Edward Hartpole Lecky (1838-1903), The History of European Morals from Augustine to Charlemagne, 2 vols. (London: Longmans, Green, 1869), Chap. i. Stephen does not appear to have pursued his plan to answer Lecky.
[3 ]See Letter 1413 above.
[4 ]Stephen’s lack of enthusiasm for the notion of progress had been expressed, for instance, in “Christian Optimism,” in Essays by a Barrister (London: Smith, Elder, 1862), pp. 114-22.
[1 ]Published in Shaw’s Occasional Papers, ed. Margaret G. Woods (Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, 1910), xii-xiii. In her Introduction, Woods says that Shaw had “a short correspondence with John Stuart Mill” during his first year in Londonderry (1869). In MNL, XX (Summer 1985), 15, edited by T.P. Foley. Dated by the reference to Mill’s Examination, of which the 3rd ed. had appeared in May, and his Subjection, first published in the same month.
James Johnston Shaw (1849-1910), then Professor of Metaphysics and Ethics in Magee College, Londonderry.
[2 ]The discussion of the “inconceivable” is in Chap. vi of An Examination of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy, CW, Vol. IX, pp. 66-84. In his revisions for the 4th ed. (1872), Mill makes no reference to Shaw.
[3 ]See Examination, CW, Vol. IX, p. 68; System of Logic, CW, Vol. VII, pp. 238ff, and Vol. VIII, pp. 752ff.
[4 ]I.e., The Subjection of Women.
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Arnold Heertje, University of Amsterdam.
The recipient is presumably either Anne Mozley (1809-91), who reviewed The Subjection of Women, the book referred to, in Blackwood’s Magazine, CVI (Sept. 1869), 309-21, or Margaret Oliphant (1828-97), who reviewed it in the Edinburgh Review, CXXX (Oct. 1869), 572-602.
[1 ]MS in the Bibliothèque Publique et Universitaire de Genève.
[2 ]For the background and result, see Letter 1160B above.
[1 ]MS in the India Office Library and Records. Published in MNL, XIX (Summer 1984), 3-4, edited by Bruce L. Kinzer.
George Campbell (1824-92), author and Indian administrator.
[2 ]This paper later formed the first section of The Irish Land (London: Trübner; Dublin: Hodges, Foster, 1869).
[3 ]Mill and Helen Taylor had been in Avignon from April through June.
[4 ]Campbell’s essay, “The Tenure of Land in India,” was included in the Cobden Club volume, Systems of Land Tenure in Various Countries (London: Macmillan, 1870), pp. 145-227.
[5 ]See England and Ireland, CW, Vol. VI, p. 527.
[6 ]A perusal of the text suggests that Campbell removed the offending word.
[1 ]MS in the Henry and Jessie Johnston Collection, Dunedin Public Library, New Zealand.
Henry Johnston (1842-1919), Scottish writer, of the Kailyard school.
[1 ]MS at Kwanseigakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
[2 ]Nothing is known of this enthusiasm, though it is compatible with Mill’s views generally.
[1 ]MS at Osaka University of Commerce, Japan.
William Fraser Rae (1835-1905), barrister and journalist, contributor to the Daily News, who had been editor of The Reader, was going to the U.S.A., and Mill hoped to see him before his departure. See Mill’s letter to Rae of 19 July, 1869, in CW, Vol. XVII, p. 1624, and Letter 1471A below.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
Henry Villard (1835-1900), a journalist who had been a European correspondent 1865-68, was the Secretary of the American Social Science Association.
[2 ]One of the letters of introduction promised by Mill in his letter to Rae of 19 July, 1869 (CW, Vol. XVII, p. 1624).
[3 ]For example, the series in the Westminster Review, “Reform and Reformers,” and “The Hopes and Fears of Reformers,” n.s. XXXI (Jan. and Apr. 1867), 171-90 and 472-502, and “The Future of Reform,” n.s. XXXII (July 1867), 161-88.
[1 ]First part of MS at Manchester College, Oxford; second part at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
[a-a][Manchester College MS]
[2 ]Not located.
[3 ]It is not known when Mill spoke to George Douglas Campbell (1823-1900), 8th Duke of Argyll, Secretary of State for India from December 1868.
[4 ]Not identified.
[b-b][Nihon University MS]
[1 ]MS in the Bodleian Library.
Edward Williams Byron Nicholson (1849-1912), a recent graduate in classics from Oxford, later Librarian of the Bodleian.
[2 ]Not identified.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
[2 ]I.e., by 30 & 31 Victoria, c. 102 (1867), the Second Reform Act.
[3 ]Identified in Mill’s letter on the same subject and of the same date to Theodor Gomperz (CW, Vol. XVII, p. 1655), as David McBurnie Watson (d. 1902), of Hawick. Watson’s letter has not been located.
[1 ]MS in the India Office Library and Records. Published in MNL, XIX (Summer 1984), 4-5, edited by Bruce L. Kinzer.
[2 ]The Irish Land; see Letter 1457A above.
[3 ]Meredith White Townsend, co-editor of the Spectator, was also editor of The Annals of Indian Administration (Serampore: Murray, 1856).
[4 ]Charles Theophilus Metcalfe (1785-1846) had been Provisional Governor-General between William Bentinck’s departure and Lord Auckland’s arrival (20 March, 1835, to 4 March, 1836). In July of 1839 he was appointed Governor of Jamaica and in January of 1843 he accepted the Governor-Generalship of Canada. John Peter Grant (1807-93), a Member of Governor-General Canning’s Council when the Mutiny broke out, succeeded the notorious Eyre as Governor of Jamaica in 1866.
[5 ]For the details of Campbell’s plan, see The Irish Land, pp. 85-93 and 166-90.
[6 ]Campbell’s proposal for a commission is ibid., p. 184.
[7 ]See “The Irish Land Question,” Daily News, 30 Nov., 1869, p. 5.
[8 ]“The Irish Land Question,” p. 5.
[9 ]For Campbell’s criticism of Mill’s plan, see The Irish Land, pp. 77-9.
[10 ]England and Ireland, CW, Vol. VI, p. 527.
[1 ]MS in India Office Library and Records. Published in MNL, XIX (Summer 1984), 6, edited by Bruce L. Kinzer.
[2 ]Frederick Temple Hamilton-Temple Blackwood (1826-1902), 1st Marquis of Dufferin and Ava, Governor-General of Canada 1872-78, Ambassador to Russia 1879 and to Turkey 1881, Governor-General of India 1884-88. Dufferin had no use for Mill’s proposals in England and Ireland, which he strongly criticized in his pamphlet Mr. Mill’s Plan for the Pacification of Ireland Examined (London: Murray, 1868).
[3 ]The end of the letter is cut off, presumably for the autograph.
[1 ]MS in the University Library, Cambridge.
[2 ]Not located.
[3 ]Ludlow was appointed as Secretary to the Royal Commission on Friendly and Benefit Societies, serving 1870-74.
[4 ]For the bills, see Letter 1075A above.
[5 ]Robert Lowe (1811-92), M.P. at that time for London University, and Chancellor of the Exchequer, was a thoroughly orthodox economist, firmly opposed to the radical wing of the Liberal Party.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo.
Frank Harrison Hill (1830-1910), editor of the Daily News 1869-86.
[2 ]Mill had earlier written to Hill about the case, having read “The Police Courts. Thames,” Daily News, 25 Dec., 1869, p. 2; see CW, Vol. XXV, pp. 1221-2. A leading article on the case of Constable William Smith had appeared in Daily News, 18 Jan., 1870, pp. 4-5. Smith was dismissed from the force and given a month’s hard labour for using what the magistrate, Ralph Augustus Benson (1828-86), deemed excessive force in protecting a woman abused by her husband; see The Times, 25 Dec., 1869, p. 9.
[3 ]Cairnes suffered from arthritis, which never was relieved. He settled in Blackheath in the spring of 1870, but his health continued to deteriorate, though he lived until 1875.
[4 ]“Political Economy and Land,” Fortnightly Review, n.s. VII (Jan. 1870), 41-63.
[5 ]Collected and published as Westward by Rail: The New Route to the East (New York: Appleton, 1870).
[6 ]The Times, 10 Jan., 1870, p. 5, reported, on the basis of the Moniteur of 8 Jan., that “henceforth all foreign journals will be admitted into France without restrictions.”
[7 ]Helen Taylor, “A Few Words on Mr. Trollope’s Defence of Fox-Hunting,” Fortnightly Review, n.s. VII (Jan. 1870), 63-8.
[8 ]Jane Dalzell Hill (née Finlay) (d. 1904), a contributor to the Saturday Review, where she reviewed Mill’s Subjection of Women, XXVII (19 June, 1869), 811-13.
[1 ]MS in the Bodleian Library.
[2 ]Rogers’ edition of An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, 2 vols. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1869).
[1 ]MS draft at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. In reply to Barry’s letter of 18 May, also at Avignon. Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 3, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
M. Maltman Barry (1842-1909), though a Conservative political agent and correspondent of the Conservative Standard, was active in the affairs of the International Working Men’s Association.
[2 ]Barry had asked Mill to give his opinion on “a very short letter on Religious Education for the young,” and suggest a publisher.
[1 ]Printed in The General Council of the First International (1870-1871): Minutes (Moscow: Progress, 1967), p. 38. Meeting of 2 August, 1870.
[2 ]A short address by Karl Marx (1818-83) on the Franco-Prussian War, at a meeting in London of the General Council of the International Working Men’s Association: “Working Men and the War” (23 July, 1870), Pall Mall Gazette, 28 July, 1870, p. 3; printed in Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Collected Works (New York: International, 1975- ), Vol. XXII, pp. 3-7.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University.
William Trant was associated with working-men’s clubs, and was a writer on financial reform and trade unions.
[2 ]Not located.
[3 ]Probably a reference to a Scottish tax then under review. See the speech of 4 Mar., 1870, PD, 3rd ser., Vol. 199, cols. 1321-3, by George Young (1819-1907), the Lord Advocate, introducing a bill to relieve the citizens of Edinburgh of a tax levied to support the Established Church, PP, 1870, I, 53-70, subsequently enacted as 33 & 34 Victoria, c. 87 (9 Aug., 1870).
[1 ]MS at Fukuyama University, Japan.
See Letter 1326A above.
[2 ]Not further identified.
[1 ]MS in the William R. Perkins Library, Duke University.
[2 ]Not further identified.
[1 ]MS in the William R. Perkins Library, Duke University.
Charles Sharp has not been identified.
[2 ]Not located.
[3 ]In the event, on 15 November, Charles Dilke took the chair and spoke on secondary education. See “Liverpool Institute. Sir Charles W. Dilke and Professor Roscoe on Education,” Liverpool Journal, 19 Nov., 1870, p. 2. The Liverpool Mechanics’ Institute had been established in 1825; at the meeting prizes were awarded to pupils of the high, commercial, and evening classes.
[1 ]MS at the Bodleian Library.
[2 ]Undoubtedly a reference to Acland’s “Memorandum of Duties of Medical Officers of Public Health,” printed in “Second Report of the Royal Commission to Inquire into the Operation of the Sanitary Laws in England and Wales,” PP, 1871, XXXV, 545-54; and probably to his memorandum of the previous year concerning the proper qualifications for candidates seeking employment as medical officers of public health, mentioned in that “Report,” p. 269.
[3 ]Charles Baron Clarke (1832-1906), an Indian civil servant and botanist, “The Existing Poor Law of England,” Macmillan’s Magazine, XXIII (Nov. 1870), 46-52; he attributes his view of the Poor Law (4 & 5 William IV, c. 76 [1834]) to Mill on p. 50.
[4 ]Principles of Political Economy, Bk. II, Chap. xii, Sect. 2; in CW, Vol. II, pp. 359-60.
[1 ]MS in University of Iowa Library, Iowa City.
Emile Louis Victor, baron de Laveleye (1822-92), Belgian political economist, whose work Mill much admired.
[2 ]Cairnes, who was preparing “Our Defences: A National or a Standing Army,” Fortnightly Review, n.s. IX (Feb. 1871), 167-98, had apparently wanted to consult Laveleye’s series of articles entitled “L’Allemagne depuis la guerre de 1866,” which had appeared in the Revue des Deux Mondes (Feb. 1867-Oct. 1869), reprinted as La Prusse et l’Autriche depuis Sadowa, 2 vols. (Paris: Hachette, 1870). Laveleye seems to have provided the volume, which Cairnes cited, pp. 175n, 176, and 187-8.
[3 ]Cairnes also cited articles in Annales de l’Association Internationale pour le Progrès des Sciences Sociales (Paris, Brussels, 1866), acknowledging Laveleye’s suggestion, p. 189n.
[4 ]Laveleye contributed “On the Causes of War, and the Means of Reducing Their Number,” Cobden Club Essays, 2nd ser. (London, Paris, and New York: Cassell, et al., 1872), pp. 1-55.
[1 ]MS at the Bishopsgate Foundation, London.
[2 ]The letter (misdated) is in CW, Vol. XVII, p. 1768; see Letter 1631A below.
[1 ]MS at the Bishopsgate Foundation, London.
[2 ]Mill’s letter to the Birmingham evangelist and publisher, David King (1819-94) was included in an undated letter to the editor, signed F.H. Martin, 8 Garden-street, Bury, in the Bury Times, 24 Dec., 1870, p. 8; see CW, Vol. XVII, p. 1768, where it is surmised to have been written in October 1870.
[3 ]King’s letter has not been located. In the course of a debate with Bradlaugh, later published as Christianity v. Secularism: Report of a Public Discussion between David King and Charles Bradlaugh, Bury, Lancashire, September 27-30, & October 25 & 26, 1870 (Birmingham: King, 1870), King had questioned Bradlaugh’s assumption that Mill approved of the work mentioned below, and had written to ascertain his opinion.
[4 ]The famous birth-control pamphlet, published anonymously as “By a Student of Medicine,” was the work of George R. Drysdale (1825-1904). The first edition was entitled Physical, Sexual, and Natural Religion (London: Truelove, 1854), later editions adding the popular title Mill uses.
[1 ]MS at Kwanseigakuin University, Nishinomiya, Japan.
[2 ]An Elementary Handbook of Physics (London and Edinburgh: Blackwood, 1871).
[1 ]MS in the Congregational Library, Gordon Square, London.
Benjamin Waugh (1839-1908), Congregational minister and philanthropist.
[2 ]Presumably against the Contagious Diseases Acts. A Royal Commission had been convened early in January to investigate the operation of 29 Victoria, c. 35 (1866), and 32 & 33 Victoria, c. 96 (1869), and there was much public agitation during the six months of its sitting. Mill’s evidence, given on 15 May before this Commission, is in CW, Vol. XXI, pp. 349-71.
[1 ]MS at the College of Law, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Duncan McLaren (1800-86), merchant, M.P. for Edinburgh 1865-81, was, with other members of his family, a strong supporter of women’s causes.
[2 ]At the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832), when 2000 gathered in the Edinburgh Corn Exchange, Mill’s apologies were noted along with others’; see “The Scott Centenary,” The Times, 10 Aug., 1871, p. 12.
[1 ]MS at Kokugakuin University, Tokyo. The recipient was probably interested in a U.S. edition of Buckle’s posthumous writings.
[2 ]Helen Taylor wrote a “Biographical Notice” of Henry Thomas Buckle for her edition of his Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works, 3 vols. (London: Longmans, Green, 1872), pp. ix-lv.
[3 ]No American edition appeared.
[1 ]MS draft at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 3, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
Pierre Augustin Rouvière (b. ca. 1803), whose last name appears on the back of the draft, was a pharmacist in Avignon 1836-75, at 16 place du Change.
[2 ]A bitter tonic made of the root of a Brazilian shrub, taken as a diuretic.
[1 ]MS draft at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. In reply to Littrow’s letter of 7 July, also at Avignon, signed “Auguste Littrow-Bischoff.” Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 4, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
Auguste von Littrow (1819-90) (the hyphenated addition to Littrow identifies her as the daughter of a celebrated Viennese physician, Ignaz Rudolph Bischoff), author, and advocate of women’s rights. See also Letter 1690A below.
[2 ]Not located.
[1 ]MSdraft at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. In reply to Pratt’s letter of 27 July, also at Avignon. Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 5, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
Hodgson Pratt (1824-1907), a Bengal civil servant and educational reformer, was an active advocate of peace, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1906.
[2 ]Pratt enclosed a copy of a “Draft Scheme for an Anglo-French Association for the Promotion of International Goodwill.”
[1 ]MS draft at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. In reply to Mills’ letter of 17 August, also at Avignon. A second version reads: “Dear Sir—Your note of the 17th ulto has been forwarded to me here, and in reply I beg to say that I have not received either at Luzern or elsewhere any letter addressed to you.” Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 5, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
P.L. Mills, not otherwise identified, was a member of the firm of Mills and Gibb, of New York and Nottingham.
[1 ]MS at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. In reply to Gill’s letter of 27 September, also at Avignon. Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 6, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
George Gill (b. ca. 1820) identified himself in his letter as a surgeon, aged fifty-one, who had worked to elect Chadwick in 1868.
[2 ]Gill enclosed a copy (presumably in manuscript) of his “Scheme of Tenant Rights for England as well as Ireland.”
[1 ]MS in the Osborn Collection, Yale University.
[2 ]Neither letter nor brochure has been located.
[3 ]No French translation of Dissertations and Discussions appeared.
[4 ]Possibly Emile Boirac (1851-1917), later known as a psychologist and philosopher, though he would then have been only twenty years old.
[1 ]MS draft at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. In reply to Willcox’s letter of 6 April, also at Avignon. Mill’s reply published in the New York Tribune, 18 Nov., 1871, p. 5; in CW, Vol. XVII, pp. 1840-1, to which this is a postscript. Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 7, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
James Keappoch Hamilton Willcox (1842-98), U.S. insurance broker, editor, and politician, prominent in the women’s suffrage movement, had visited Mill in Avignon in September 1869.
[2 ]Montague Richard Leverson (1830-1917), anti-vivisectionist and anti-vaccinationist doctor, had written on copyright before emigrating to the U.S.A. for unknown reasons.
[3 ]Willcox’s letter identifies the institution as the New York City Free College.
[1 ]MS draft at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. In reply to Martin’s letter of 22 April, also at Avignon. Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 8-9, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
Arthur Patchett Martin (1851-1902), Australian author, journalist, and civil servant.
[2 ]Charles Gavan Duffy (1816-1903), a “Young Irelander” who had founded the Nation in 1842 and tried to persuade Mill to stand for an Irish constituency in 1851, emigrated to Australia in 1856, where he became prominent politically. He was Chief Secretary (i.e., head of government) of Victoria 1871-72.
[3 ]Martin had reported this view of George Higinbotham (1826-91), the leading radical politician in Victoria.
[4 ]See Letter 388A above.
[5 ]Women were admitted to the Junior and Senior Examinations at Sydney in 1871 (W. Vere Hole and Anne H. Treweeke, The History of the Women’s College within the University of Sydney [Sydney: Halstead Press, 1953], pp. 30-1).
[6 ]The first woman student graduated from the Law Department of the University of Chicago in June 1870. (The Department later became the Union College of Law, and relocated as the Law Department at Northwestern University, after the first University of Chicago dissolved in 1886.)
[7 ]John H. Howe (d. 1873) was quoted to this effect in the new organ of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, Woman’s Journal, I (23 Apr., 1870), 123. T.A. Larsen, History of Wyoming (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1965), pp. 84-5, says that, following the granting of suffrage to women in 1869, they served on juries in 1870 and 1871, but then were not called, on the ground that the suffrage did not entail such service.
[8 ]Henry Keylock Rusden (1826-1910), an author and civil servant in Victoria, had corresponded with Mill.
[9 ]William Hutchison Gresham (1824-75), political writer, was active in the Land Tenure Reform League of Victoria.
[1 ]MS draft at the Palais du Roure, Avignon. In reply to Littrow’s response to the letter of 9 August above, also at Avignon. Published in MNL, XV (Summer 1980), 9, edited by Marion Filipiuk.
[2 ]See Letter 1673B above.
[1 ]MS in the possession of Mrs. Barbara McCrimmon.
Mlle Guillaumin, daughter of the publisher Gilbert Urbain Guillaumin, had taken over the business.
[2 ]The 7th ed. appeared in 1871. It is a matter of judgment whether there are almost no changes in it, but there are few compared to those in other editions; see the Textual Introduction, CW, Vol. II, pp. lxix ff.
[3 ]Courcelle-Seneuil (see Letter 136B above) made the necessary revisions for the 3rd French ed. (Paris: Guillaumin, 1873).
[1 ]MS draft in the Mill-Taylor Collection, British Library of Political and Economic Science, in reply to Herbert’s of 26 December, 1871, also in the Mill-Taylor Collection. The letter is bound as part of a correspondence between Herbert and Helen Taylor, but is in Mill’s hand, as is the letter of 29 January published in CW, Vol. XVII, pp. 1869-71, of which this appears to be an earlier draft.
Auberon Edward William Molyneux Herbert (1838-1906), author and political philosopher.
[2 ]II Corinthians, 6:2.
[1 ]MS in the possession of Professor Satoshi Yamasaki, Kagawa University, Japan.
[1 ]MS draft in the Yale University Library.
[2 ]At 226 rue de Rivoli, Paris. As Mill was in Dijon on 6 February, and in Montbard, only a few kilometers to the northwest on the 8th (presumably travelling by boat on the Burgundy canal), it would appear that his plans changed, and perhaps this reservation was never made.
[1 ]MS in the Pierpont Morgan Library.
Leonard Henry Courtney (1832-1918), later Baron Courtney of Penrith, a lawyer and journalist who favoured reform of endowments, was Professor of Political Economy at University College London.
[1 ]MS in the Houghton Library, Harvard University. Dated by the reference to Emerson and his daughter, who were in London from 5 April to 15 May, and saw Mill during that time.
Moncure Daniel Conway (1832-1907), U.S.-born Unitarian, pastor of South Place Chapel, Red Lion Square, from February 1864, was a frequent contributor to the Fortnightly Review and Fraser’s Magazine.
[2 ]Ellen Davis Conway (née Dana) (d. 1897).
[3 ]Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-82), the American transcendentalist, and his eldest daughter, Ellen Tucker Emerson (1839-1909).
[4 ]Eliza Charlotte Cairnes (née Alexander).