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Abbreviations and Symbols Used in This Edition - Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America: Historical-Critical Edition, vol. 1 [1835]

Edition used:

Democracy in America: Historical-Critical Edition of De la démocratie en Amérique, ed. Eduardo Nolla, translated from the French by James T. Schleifer. A Bilingual French-English editions, (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2010). Vol. 1.

Part of: Democracy in America: Historical-Critical Edition, 4 vols.

About Liberty Fund:

Liberty Fund, Inc. is a private, educational foundation established to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals.


Abbreviations and Symbols Used in This Edition

[. . .]Text not crossed out in the manuscript.
<. . .>Text circled or surrounded in pen (this generally concerns fragments that Tocqueville wanted to delete, but the presence of a circle around a word sometimes served solely to draw the author’s attention: Is the use pertinent? Does the word conflict phonetically with the one following?).
≠. . .≠Word or text crossed out by one or several vertical or diagonal lines.
{. . .}Word or text crossed out horizontally.
/Sign placed at the end of the sentence to indicate that a horizontal line separates it in the manuscript from the one that follows.
.-.-.-.-Illegible for physical reasons. Generally due to the very poor condition of the original.
[*]Note of Tocqueville, present in the manuscript but absent from the published version.
*Note of Tocqueville, omitted in certain editions.
[. . . (ed.)]Information given by the editor.
a, b, c,. . .Notes of the editor.
(A), (B),. . .Notes of Tocqueville that refer to the end of the volume.
1, 2, 3,. . .Notes of Tocqueville placed at the bottom of the page.
OCEdition of complete works published by Gallimard under the direction of J. P. Mayer at first, and François Furet and Jean-Claude Casanova afterward.
Œuvres complètes. Paris: Gallimard, 1951-:
t. I:De la démocratie en Amérique. 2 vols. (1951)
t. II:L’Ancien Régime et la Révolution. 2 vols. (1952, 1953)
t. III:Écrits et discours politiques.
vol. 1. (1962)
vol. 2 . (1985)
vol. 2 . (1990)
t. IV:Écrits sur le système pénitentiaire en France et à l’étranger. 2 vols. (1985)
t. V:Voyages.
vol. 1: En Sicile et aux États-Unis. (1957)
vol. 2: En Angleterre, Irlande, Suisse et Algérie. (1958)
t. VI:Correspondances anglaises.
vol. 1: Avec Henry Reeve et John Stuart Mill. (1954) [cité comme Correspondance anglaise.]
vol. 2: Correspondance et conversations d’Alexis de Tocqueville et Nassau William Senior. (1991)
vol. 3: Correspondance anglaise. (2003)
t. VII:Correspondance étrangère d’Alexis de Tocqueville. 1 vol. (1986)
t. VIII:Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville et de Gustave de Beaumont. 3 vols. (1967)
t. IX:Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville et d’Arthur de Gobineau. 1 vol. (1959)
t. X:Correspondance et écrits locaux. (1995)
t. XI:Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville et de Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard. Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville et de Jean-Jacques Ampère. 1 vol. (1970)
t. XII:Souvenirs. 1 vol. (1964)
t. XIII:Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville et de Louis de Kergorlay. 2 vols. (1977)
t. XIV:Correspondance familiale. (1998)
t. XV:Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville et de Francisque de Corcelle. Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville et de Madame Swetchine. 2 vols. (1983)
t. XVI:Mélanges. (1989)
t. XVII:Correspondance à divers. Not yet published.
t. XVIII:Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville avec Adolphe de Circourt et Madame de Circourt. 1 vol. (1984)
OCBEdition of complete works directed by Gustave de Beaumont.
Œuvres complètes publiées par Madame de Tocqueville. Paris:
Michel Lévy Frères, 1864-1878:
t. I-III:De la démocratie en Amérique.
t. IV:L’Ancien Régime et la Révolution.
t. V:Correspondance et œuvres posthumes.
t. VI:Correspondance d’Alexis de Tocqueville.
t. VII:Nouvelle correspondance.
t. VIII:Mélanges, fragments historiques et notes sur l’Ancien Régime et la Révolution.
t. IX:Études économiques, politiques et littéraires.
manuscriptIn the notes of the editor, the working manuscript of the Democracy in America (YTC, CVIa, four boxes).
v:variant
YTCYale Tocqueville Collection. Collection of manuscripts of Yale University, belonging to the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library. Sterling Library owns several supplementary manuscripts.
YTC, BIIbIn this classification: lists of questions meant for American interlocutors.
YTC, CIIcIn this classification: “Sources manuscrites,” alphabetic list, drawn up by Tocqueville, of travel notes.
YTC, CVa-CVkIn this classification: drafts of Democracy.
CVa“Bundle no. 8” “Notes that very probably have no place to be used” (59 pp.)
CVb“Bundle no. 13” “Various documents on the system of administration in America from which a note can be done for the chapter titled Of Government and Administration in the United States;” (34 pp.)
CVc“Bundle no. 6” “That equality of conditions is an accomplished, irresistible fact, that breaks all those who will want to struggle against it. Consequence of this fact” (9 pp.)
CVd“Bundle no. 5” “Ideas and fragments that all relate more or less to the great chapter titled: how the ideas and sentiments that equality suggests influence the political constitution” (53 pp.)
CVe“Bundle no. 17” (two copies of 13 and 17 pp.)
CVf“Bundle no. 4” “Notes, detached ideas, fragments, criticisms, relative to my two last volumes of the Democracy” (52 pp.)
CVg“Bundle no. 9” “Drafts of the chapters of the second part of the Democracy” (partial copy in Bonnel’s hand, three notebooks numbering a total of 416 pp. and two boxes with the original manuscript). This is the so-called “Rubish.”
CVh“Bundle no. 3, 1-5” “Notes, documents, ideas relative to America. Good to consult if I again want to write something on this subject” (five notebooks, 484 pp.)
CVj“Bundle no. 2, 1-2” “. . . detached . . . on the philosophic method of the Americans, general ideas, the sources of belief . . . to be put in the . . . and that cannot be placed in the chapter” (two notebooks, 138 pp.)
CVk“Bundle no. 7, 1-2” “Fragments, ideas that I cannot place in the work (March 1840) (insignificant collection)” (two notebooks, 148 pp.)