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Front Page  Titles (by Subject) PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION - Puritanism and Liberty, being the Army Debates (1647-9) from the Clarke Manuscripts with Supplementary Documents
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION - Arthur Sutherland Pigott Woodhouse, Puritanism and Liberty, being the Army Debates (1647-9) from the Clarke Manuscripts with Supplementary Documents [1938]Edition used:Puritanism and Liberty, being the Army Debates (1647-9) from the Clarke Manuscripts with Supplementary Documents, selected and edited with an Introduction A.S.P. Woodhouse, foreword by A.D. Lindsay (University of Chicago Press, 1951).
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- Foreword
- Postscript to the 1950 Edition
- Preface to the Second Edition
- Introduction
- Part I.: The Putney Debates
- At the General Council of Officers 1 At Putney, 28th October 1647.
- Putney, 29th October 1647
- Putney, 1st November 1647 At the General Council of the Army
- Part II.: The Whitehall Debates a
- General Council 1 At Whitehall, 14th December 1648 B
- Council of Officers, 8th-11th January 1649
- Whitehall, 13th January 1649 General Council 1 a
- Part III.: Puritan Views of Liberty a
- I.: Some Principles of the Puritan Parties
- From John Saltmarsh, Smoke In the Temple (1646) B
- From J[ohn] G[oodwin], Independency God’s Verity (1647) a
- II.: The Law of Nature
- From William Ames, Conscience (1639) a
- III.: Religious Principles of Resistance
- Christian Obedience and Its Limits From Calvin’s Institution of Christian Religion (thomas Norton’s Translation) a
- Presbyterian Principles of Resistance From [samuel Rutherford], Lex, Rex (1644) a
- Independent Principles of Resistance From John Goodwin, Right and Might Well Met (1649) a
- IV.: The Law and the Gospel: Christian Liberty
- From Luther’s Commentary Upon Galatians (edition of 1644) a
- Milton On Christian Liberty
- V.: The Privileges of the Saints
- The Elect and the Reprobate From William Prynne, Anti-arminianism (1630) a
- The Millennium At Hand [hanserd Knollys], 1 a Glimpse of Sion’s Glory (1641) a
- The Rule of the Saints 1 Certain Queries Presented By Many Christian People (1649) a
- VI.: Liberty of Conscience
- Independent Position From the Ancient Bounds (1645) a
- Separatist Position From Roger Williams, the Bloody Tenent of Persecution 1 (1644) a
- VII.: Models of a Free Church
- The Power of the People From Thomas Goodwin and Philip Nye’s Introduction to John Cotton’s the Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (1644) a
- The Church Covenant From [richard Mather], an Apology For Church Covenant (1643) a
- From the Saints’ Apology (1644) a
- A Spiritual Church From William Dell, the Way of True Peace and Unity 1 (1649) a
- VIII.: Leveller Principles 1
- God and Man From John Lilburne, the Free-man’s Freedom Vindicated (1646) a
- An Appeal to Parliament From the Large Petition of the Levellers 1 (march 1647) B
- An Appeal to the People From Richard Overton, an Appeal From the Commons to the Free People (1647) a
- Parliament Once More From the Levellers’ Petition to the House of Commons, 1 11th September 1648. A
- Agreements of the People the History of the Second Agreement 1 From John Lilburne, Legal Fundamental Liberties (1649) a
- The Second Agreement of the People (1648) From John Lilburne, Foundations of Freedom a
- The Female of the Species From a Petition of Women, Affecters and Approvers of the Petition of Sept. 11, 1648 1 (5th May 1649) a
- Democracy In the City From London’s Liberties Or a Learned Argument of Law and Reason 1 (dec. 1650) a
- IX.: Digger Principles
- From the True Levellers’ Standard Advanced 1 (1649) a
- Appendix a
- A.: the Spirit of the New Model
- 1.: Reports of Observers
- 2.: A Sermon At Putney From Thomas Collier, a Discovery of the New Creation a (preached At the Headquarters, Putney, 29th Sept. 1647)
- B.: the Army Organizes: May—june 1647
- 3.: Apology of the Soldiers to Their Officers 1 (3rd May ) a
- 4.: Advertisements For the Managing of the Counsels of the Army, 1 Walden, 4th May 1647 B
- 5.: From the Grievances of Regiments, Presented At Saffron Walden, 13th-14th May a
- 6.: Letters to the Agitators 1
- 7.: From a Solemn Engagement of the Army 1 (5 Th June ) a
- 8.: From a Representation of the Army (14th June) a
- C.: The Reading Debates
- 9.: Summary, With Selections, of the Debate In the General Council of the Army, At Reading, 16th July 1647, On the Proposals of the Agitators For Five Points to Be Insisted On By the Army and Enforced By a March On London a
- 10.: Account of the Debate, In a Newsletter From Reading, B 17 Th July.
- D.: Documents Relating to the Putney Debates
- 13.: From the Heads of the Proposals a
- 14.: The Levellers’ Discontent With the Heads of the Proposals From [john Wildman], Putney Projects a
- 15.: From [john Wildman], the Case of the Army Truly Stated a 15th Oct.
- 16.: A Letter From the Agents to the Whole Soldiery From Two Letters From the Agents of the Five Regiments (28th Oct.) a
- 17.: Letter of John Saltmarsh to the Council of War (28th Oct.) a
- 18.: From a Call to All the Soldiers of the Army By the Free People of England 1 (29 Th Oct.) a
- 19.: An Agreement of the People ( Printed 3rd Nov.) a
- 20.: Summary (with Quotation) of the Reports of the Committee On the Army’s Papers and the Agreement of the People a
- 21.: Proceedings In the General Council, 4th-9th Nov. From a Letter From Several Agitators to Their Regiments (11th Nov.) a
- E.: Documents Relating to the Whitehall Debates
- 22.: Petition of 11th September 1648:
- 23.: From a Remonstrance of Fairfax and the Council of Officers 1 (16th November 1648) a
- 24.: History of the Second Agreement of the People:
- 25.: From the Declaration of the Army, On the March to London, 30th November 1648 a
- 26.: Text of the Second Agreement of the People:
- 27.: Summary of the Debates On the Agreement, In the Council of Officers, 16th December-6th January; and of the Examination of Elizabeth Poole On 29th December and 5th January. a
- 28.: The Levellers’ Dissatisfaction With the Debates From John Lilburne, a Plea For Common Right and Freedom (28th Dec. 1648) a
- F.: Retrospect
- 29.: From a Declaration of the English Army Now In Scotland, 2 1st Aug. 1650 a
- Notes On Text
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION
To make room for this brief Preface, it has been necessary to suppress a list of Acknowledgments, printed in the first edition, and including the names of Lord Lindsay and the late Sir Charles Firth, the Royal Historical Society (for permission to use the Clarke Papers) and Worcester College, Oxford (for permission to print from the Clarke MSS.).
The second edition has been occasioned by a continued demand for the book after the first edition was exhausted (by sales, not by war damage). It has been produced by photographic process: and this, while permitting the correction of misprints, has precluded extensive revision. Fortunately, no such revision seems necessary. Whatever is required can be added in the compass of this page.
The purpose of the Introduction has not been misapprehended; but it may be well to state here quite definitely that it does not essay a complete explanation, or final synthesis, of the political, economic, and religious causes at work in the Puritan Revolution, but simply an exploration of the religious background of Puritan ideology, which has been too little considered and understood, and without which no final synthesis is possible. Here, principally, the Introduction broke new ground, and (so far as I am aware) it has not been superseded.
Had opportunity offered I should have liked to make additions to four footnotes: P. [23], n. 1: Lilburne boasts that, in opposition to Cromwell and his ‘fellow grandees,’ he ‘acted both night and day, to settle the soldiers in a complete and just posture, by their faithful Agitators, chosen out by common consent from amongst themselves. . . .’ (Jonah’s Cry, 1647, p. 9. Cf. The Jugglers Discovered, 1647, p. 3). P. [31], n. 1: In A Faithful Memorial of that Remarkable Meeting of Many Officers of the Army . . . at Windsor Castle in the year 1648 (London, 1659), William Allen gives an account of a three-day meeting, to seek the Lord, early in the year. Whether it refers to this particular meeting cannot be determined with certainty; but it throws a good deal of light on the religiosity of the group. P. [95], n. 1: Lilburne there describes the law of England as ‘the perfection of reason, consisting of lawful and reasonable customs, received and approved of by the people, and of old constitutions and modern acts of Parliament made by the estates of the kingdom, but such only as are agreeable to the law eternal and natural, and not contrary to the word of God; for whatsoever laws, usages, and customs [are] not thus qualified are not the law of the land nor to be observed and obeyed by the people, being contrary to their birthrights and freedoms. . . .’ Cf. England’s Birthright Justified (1645), p. 8: ‘The law taken abstract from its original reason and end is made a shell without a kernel, a shadow without a substance and a body without a soul. It is the execution of laws according to their equity and reason, which . . . is the spirit that gives life to authority; the letter kills.’ Here the theological origin of a pattern of thought is clearly revealed; cf. Thomas Edwards, Gangraena, pt. 3, p. 20. P. 125, n. 3: See below p. 467, nn. 1, 3; p. 468, n. 1. On January 18, 1649, was published A Serious and Faithful Representation of the Judgments of Ministers of the Gospel within the Province of London, refusing an invitation to confer with officers of the Army. Cf. An Apologetical Declaration of Presbyterians (Jan. 24). Since the first edition some of the Leveller documents from which I made selections have been reprinted in full, with yet others, by W. Haller and Godfrey Davies (The Leveller Tracts), and D. M. Wolfe (Leveller Manifestoes); Puritan ideology has been studied from different points of view by W. Haller (The Rise of Puritanism), D. Petegorsky (Left-Wing Democracy in the Puritan Revolution), and others; the Digger tracts have been edited by G. H. Sabine (Works of Winstanley); and Milton has been studied in close relation to the revolution by my colleague and former student, Arthur Barker (Milton and the Puritan Dilemma).
A. S. P. W. University College,
Toronto,
15th March 1950
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