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NEW BOOKS AND ARTICLES

THE FOLLOWING IS A SELECT LIST OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES WHICH, IN THE OPINION OF THE EDITORS, MAY BE OF INTEREST TO OUR READERS.

Two books have appeared recently compiling some of the essays and letters of Randolph Bourne: The World of Randolph Bourne, edited with an introduction by Lillian Schlissel. New York: Dutton, 1965. $2.25, paper. And: War and the Intellectuals, edited with an introduction by Carl Resek. New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1964. $1.95, paper. Bourne is of interest as one of the very few radical American intellectuals of the early 1900’s who was not swept along in the euphoria of “Mr. Wilson’s War.” In many often brilliant passages Bourne is able to capture and express the same anarchistic sentiments felt by many of today’s “conservatives.”
Frank S. Meyer, ed., The African Nettle. New York: John Day, 1965. $5.00 A symposium on the current situation and the prospects for Africa, including articles by P. T. Bauer on African economic policy; W. H. Hutt on the collectivistic policies used to keep living standards for the blacks depressed in South Africa; Sir Roy Welensky; Elspeth Huxley; and others.
The essays of Mihajlo Mihajlov, the young Yugoslavian intellectual, which recently led to his being sentenced to a nine-month prison term (later commuted to five months on probation and suspended sentence) have been issued by Farrar, Strauss and Giroux. Moscow Summer (New York: 1965, $3.50) were held to violate the Yugoslavian law against “damaging the reputation of a foreign state” (the Soviet Union). Specifically in question was Mihajlov’s discussion of the Russian concentration camps, e.g.: “The first ‘death camps’ were not really established by the Germans, since they were founded by the Soviets. In 1921 [under Lenin and Trotsky], in the vicinity of Archangel, the first death camp, known as Homogor, was formed with the sole purpose of physically exterminating the prisoners. . . .” Another indication of Mihajlov’s transgression of the acceptable limits of debate in Yugoslavia as set by the Tito regime is a letter from Mihajlov, quoted in an interesting article in the June 1965 issue of Encounter (“Letter from Belgrade,” by Anatole Shub), in which he maintains that in the U.S.S.R. “serfdom still obtains, because the agricultural workers are administratively bound to the kolkhoz.”
E. G. West, Education and the State. London: Institute of Economic Affairs, 1965. 40 shillings. From the review in The Times Educational Supplement (London), November 12, 1965: “Dr. E. G. West, an economics lecturer in Newcastle University, has produced a remarkably able and lively critique of the system and principles under which education is provided by the state. He denies that the majority of working-class parents are not to be trusted. By going back to the days before the 1870 Act, when education was neither free nor compulsory, he attempts to show that the great majority of working-class parents were prepared to spend money on it. . . . If working-class parents were prepared to back the choice they then possessed with money, why should they be presumed unfit to choose today when they are so much richer?” In another review, Giles St. Aubyn writes: “If myths were as self-evident as truths are supposed to be, they would collapse of their own accord; but endowed opinions tenaciously resist destruction regardless of the errors they contain. Dr. West’s book none the less is calculated to reduce even the strongest fortifications to rubble. Educationand the State is perhaps the most important work written on the subject this century.” [The Sunday Times (London), November 21, 1965.] Copies may be ordered directly from the IEA, Eaton House, 66A Eaton Square, London S.W.1, England.
Martin Anderson, “Urban Renewal: The Claims and the Facts,” Harvard Business Review, XLIII (Jan.-Feb. 1965), 6-20ff. Prof. Anderson of Columbia University is the author of The Federal Bulldozer (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1964), a large-scale study of the urban renewal program. Anderson’s scientific investigations have led him to the conclusion that the arguments in favor of governmental urban renewal programs are largely mythical, and that the interest of the public at large—as distinguished from that of certain special interest groups—would be better promoted by abolishing the programs. His findings are summarized in this article, which is available from the American Conservative Union in pamphlet form without charge. Write: ACU, Suite 1101, 1010 Vermont Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C. 20005.
Prof. Colin D. Campbell of Dartmouth College and his wife have written an article entitled “You’ll Never Get Back All Those Old-Age ‘Contributions’ ” in the Washington Post, November 7, 1965, Section E. Campbell points out on the basis of calculations made in the article from typical Social Security payments, benefits, and life expectancy, that the average worker would be much better off if the system did not exist: “Even from a private insurance company, the cost of a $3024 annuity at age 65 is about $45,000, $9000 less than the accumulated amount of a worker’s tax payments.” He further points out that at 4 per cent interest, the typical worker could provide out of savings as much as the Social Security program provides, and still have an accumulated $38,000 to pass on to his heirs. Campbell discusses in brief the inequities in the present system as regards women, bachelors, the poor, and those workers over sixty-five who choose to continue to work. “The Social Security system started out as a program to help wage earners provide themselves with a minimum income in their old age. It has evolved into a combined insurance, welfare, and giveaway program with inequities that are difficult to justify.”
John Gregory Dunne, who writes an occasional column on TV and radio for The New Republic, had a provocative article in the November 6, 1965, issue of that magazine (“Whose Dissent Do You Hear?”). His main thesis: “I think it can be argued that the three major networks are indirectly responsible for the proliferation of paranoid [Right-wing] broadcasters. The reason is that there is nothing on the air today remotely passing for responsible dissent. The news departments of all three networks are in the hands of an Establishment consensus, bounded on one side by Eric Sevareid, on the other by Howard K. Smith.” The frequency with which William Buckley graces the airwaves does not invalidate this description because, “As Proust was the pet Jew of the anti-Semites, so Buckley is the pet Conservative of the Establishment.” Dunne argues for more conservatives on radio and television, which would have the effect of inducing Americans to consider “whether opposition to Medicare can be dismissed simply as hostility to old people, or support of the bracero program only as an excuse to exploit Mexican wetback labor.”
Michael E. Levine, “Is Regulation Necessary? California Air Transportation and National Regulatory Policy,” The Yale Law Journal, LXXIV (July 1965), 1416-47. In this detailed study of the operation of free market forces in Los Angeles-San Francisco air transportation, Mr. Levine concludes: The CAB should draw a lesson for national regulation from the Los Angeles-San Francisco market and amend the present regulatory scheme so that all markets are freed from restrictive economic regulation. . . . [The] air space is public property, restrictions on the use of which were initially imposed in response to fears of economic evils. Since examination of the Los Angeles-San Francisco market shows that these fears are unjustified, there is no reason why we need continue to deny the opportunity to serve the public to those prepared to risk capital to do so. It is neither wise political nor economic policy to mark out an area of activity as the preserve of a few corporations who have the good fortune to have been operating on May 14, 1938.”
Wesley McCune, director of Group Research, Inc., was for some reason or other asked to address the meeting of the Intellectual Freedom Committee of the American Library Association in Washington early this past year (his speech is reprinted in the June 1965 issue of the American Library Association Bulletin). His talk naturally concerned the threat from the Radical Right, and served to “alert” librarians to the “flood” of Radical Right propaganda they may expect to receive soon (what librarians do with such materials is primly left to their own civilized consciences). Typical of McCune’s technique, and indicative of why he so annoys conservatives and classical liberals, is the following: After discussing the activities of the old stand-bys—like Gerald L. K. Smith and Billy James Hargis—McCune warns librarians of one of the newer threats: “. . . a group . . . headquartered at Wabash College and called the Principles of Freedom. . . . The key man in this planned operation is Dean Benjamin Rogge, . . .” whom McCune further identifies through Rogge’s curious and suggestive connections with the Foundation for Economic Education and the Intercollegiate Society of Individualists. New Individualist Review recommends the speech especially to (a) modern-liberals who wish to avoid having to rebut the arguments for consistent capitalism; and (b) conservatives who would like to see a McCarthy-redivivus in action.
Herbert Spencer, “The New Liberalism,” The Freeman, November 1965. This reprinting of excerpts from Spencer’s “The New Toryism” and “From Freedom to Bondage” represents a welcome effort to bring to the general public today some of the classic arguments for liberty as set down by one of the best minds of the last century. These essays were directed to those of Spencer’s contemporaries who, he thought, were forgetting the basic principle of liberalism: “to diminish the range of governmental authority and to increase the area within which each citizen may act unchecked.” This article is a good introduction to Spencer’s political thought, and is available on request from: The Foundation for Economic Education, Irvington-on-Hudson, New York 10533.
Kenneth Vinson, “Prohibition’s Last Stand,” The New Republic, October 16, 1965. A professor of law at the University of Mississippi reports on that state’s curious official attitude on hard liquor: while it is prohibited by law throughout the state, there also exists a state excise tax on it. The situation lends itself easily to the arbitrary use of the police power, which has been employed, according to Prof. Vinson, particularly against civil rights workers and others out of step with the officially sanctioned mores regulating race relations in that state.

Sampling of Distinguished Paperbacks

Literature and Criticism
PORTRAITS FROM LIFE, Ford Madox Ford	288 pages/$1.95
ABEL SANCHEZ AND OTHER STORIES, Miguel de Unamuno Translated and introduced by Anthony Kerrigan	216 pages/$1.45
CREATION AND DISCOVERY, Eliseo Vivas Essays in criticism and aesthetics	478 pages/$2.45
THE ETHICS OF RHETORIC, Richard M. Weaver	235 pages/$1.45
Philosophy
THE EXISTENTIALISTS, James Collins	230 pages/$1.45
THE MIND OF KIERKEGAARD, James Collins	308 pages/$1.45
MAN AGAINST MASS SOCIETY, Gabriel Marcel	273 pages/$1.65
PHILISOPHY IN THE TRAGIC AGE OF THE GREEKS, Friedrich Nietzsche	128 pages/95c
SCHOPENHAUER AS EDUCATOR, Friedrich Nietzsche	135 pages/95c
THE MORAL LIFE AND THE ETHICAL LIFE, Eliseo Vivas Introduction by Joseph Krutch	320 pages/$1.95
Political Science, Economics, History
REFLECTIONS ON THE REVOLUTION IN FRANCE, Edmund Burke Introduction by Russell Kirk	360 pages/$1.45
THE MACHIAVELLIANS: Defenders of Freedom, James Burnham	320 pages/$1.95
THE FAILURE OF TECHNOLOGY, F. G. Juenger	204 pages/$1.25
THE CONSERVATIVE MIND, Russell Kirk	566 pages/$1.95
Psychology, Sociology, History of Science
FADS AND FOIBLES IN MODERN SOCIOLOGY, Pitirim A. Sorokin	355 pages/$2.45
THE CONQUEST OF THE UNITED STATES BY SPAIN AND OTHER ESSAYS, William Graham Sumner	250 pages/$1.45

GATEWAY EDITIONS

Few Readers Realize . . .

. . . the impact a controversial young magazine such as NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW can have upon the mass movements of our age. But who can ignore the lesson of recent events in Andorra? Taking to the barricades with submachineguns in one hand and (thanks to our energetic representative at the University of Andorra Business School) copies of NIR in the other, the Andorran Freedom Fighters held off government troops for three days while, behind closed doors, high level theoreticians in the Andorran Liberal Party debated the questions raised in the last, provocative issue of NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW.

The moderate majority deftly sidestepped the issue of contracting the army and police force out to a private company (amidst shouts of “shame!” and “Yalta!” from one faction) and finally succeeded in getting the Party to broadcast the following statement on the rebel station, Radio Free Andorra:

(1) NIR is not typically conservative;
(2) NIR is not typically left-wing;
(3) NIR is refreshingly different; and
(4) NIR doesn’t cost very much!

When the Revolution sweeps your neighborhood, be prepared! Take to the barricades with a copy of NIR. Subscribe today!

APOSTLES OF THE SELF-MADE MAN
Changing Concepts of Success in America
By JOHN G. CAWELTI

Thirty per-cent of the businessmen in the United States will either “make it” or be broken this year. Those who “make it” are termed “successful”—those who don’t are failures. But how does one define success? What does our society say about success and failure? The definitions change with the times, from “Protestant Virtue” to the “Rat Race” and back again. Mr. Cawelti draws from many sources, both literary and otherwise, to trace the evolution of that enigmatic goal everyone strives for—success! “. . . lightened by a pawky humor . . . an extremely entertaining volume to read.”—GERALD W. JOHNSON, The New Republic.

279 pages, $6.95

THE POLITICS OF MODERNIZATION
By DAVID E. APTER

In modernizing societies the mood fluctuates between an exciting sense of new freedom and hope and fear, cynicism and opportunism. In this, the first major study of the processes of modernization, the struggle that has given meaning to our generation, Dr. Apter brilliantly analyzes the basis for both extremes. His main theme is the consolidation of authority during periods of modernization and the exceptional opportunities for creative choice which arise in times of upheaval. His far-reaching, profound analysis is based on the contention that in political life, the significant can only be understood in moral terms.

481 pages, $7.50

A PERIL AND A HOPE
The Scientists’ Movement in America, 1945-1947
By ALICE KIMBALL SMITH

How did the scientists who developed the atomic bomb react to its first explosion during World War II? Mrs. Smith and her scientist-husband, Cyril Stanley Smith, lived at Los Alamos, while he worked on the Manhattan Project. Her intimate association with these men and her reporter’s eye for detail combine to present a living document of the scientists’ efforts to wrest control of the bomb from the military and turn it over to the civilians. “. . . fully and critically documented, compassionately written, painstakingly detailed. It is both lively and exact.”—PHILLIP MORRISON, The Scientific American.

591 pages, $10.00

UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS

Chicago/London

VOLUME 4, NUMBER 3, SPRING 1966

THE TRIPLE REVOLUTION: A NEW METAPHYSICS

KARL BRUNNER

AGNOSTICISM AND MORALITY

HENRY HAZLITT

WAGE RATES, MINIMUM WAGE LAWS, AND UNEMPLOYMENT

YALE BROZEN

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND FREE MARKETS

REED J. IRVINE

A JOURNAL OF CLASSICAL LIBERAL THOUGHT

Spring 1966

75 cents

Vol. 4, No. 3

NIR BACK ISSUES . . .

Certain back issues of NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW can be purchased for a limited time at the special rate of 75 cents per copy Among the issues presently available are those containing

“Sin and the Criminal Law,” by Robert M. Hurt (II/1)

“National Review. Criticism and Reply,” by Ronald Hamowy and William F Buckley, Jr (I/3)

“The Fusionists on Liberalism and Tradition,” by Ralph Raico (III/3)

“Civil Liberties in the Welfare State,” by Robert M Schuchman (II/3)

“The Uneasy Case for State Education,” by E.G. West (IV/2)

“Is A Free Society Stable,” by Milton Friedman (II/2)

A complete set of available back copies (eleven issues) may be ordered for $8 00. The three out of print issues can be provided by xerographic reproduction at a cost of $4 00 each. Address inquiries to—NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW, Ida Noyes Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637.

INTRIGUED BY THE EXCITING POTENTIALS OF TOTAL LAISSEZ-FAIRE CAPITALISM?

INNOVATOR explores unconventional pathways to free enterprise.

INNOVATOR describes unusual tactics for preserving individual rights.

INNOVATOR reports on individuals who have found new ways to live in liberty TODAY!

The INNOVATOR is a newsletter of applied philosophy reporting advanced developments, experiments, and applications of liberty. Other subjects include new concepts in legal philosophy, innovations in personal relations and education, and inventions and technical processes that may alter the course of future societal developments.

“PIRATE QUEEN OR CAPITALIST HEROINE?” - “LIBERATE EDUCATION NOW!” “TAX REVOLT!(?)” - “ECONOMIC POTENTIAL OF PREFORM’S ‘FREE ISLES’ ” “SELL THE ROADS” - “FIRE FIGHTING FOR PROFIT IN ARIZONA” and many other articles appeared in recent issues of INNOVATOR.

For a one year subscription (12 issues) mailed anywhere in the world, send $2.00 and your name and address to:

INNOVATOR, Box 34718, Los Angeles, Calif. 90034.

Single Copies (including back issues): 25¢

The Triple Revolution: A New Metaphysics
	3	KARL BRUNNER
Agnosticism and Morality
	19	HENRY HAZLITT
Wage Rates, Minimum Wage Laws, and Unemployment
	24	YALE BROZEN
Economic Development and Free Markets
	34	REED J. IRVINE
The Sources of Monopoly
	41	SUDHA R. SHENOY
What’s Wrong with Right-to-Work Laws
	45	HIRSCHEL KASPER
COMMUNICATION:
“Fragile” Constitutions
	48	W. H. HUTT
BOOKS:
Kefauver and Populist Economics
	53	SAM PELTZMAN
Freedom Under Lincoln
	56	ARTHUR A. EKIRCH, JR.
New Books and Articles
	59

NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW is published quarterly by New Individualist Review, Inc., at Ida Noyes Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637. Telephone 312/363-8778.

Opinions expressed in signed articles do not necessarily represent the views of the editors. Editorial, advertising, and subscription correspondence and manuscripts should be sent to NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW, Ida Noyes Hall, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637. All manuscripts become the property of NEW INDIVDUALIST REVIEW.

Subscription rates: $3.00 per year (students $1.50). Two years at $5.75 (students $2.75).

Copyright 1966 by New Individualist Review, Inc., Chicago, Illinois. All rights reserved. Republication of less than 200 words may be made without specific permission of the publisher, provided NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW is duly credited and two copies of the publication in which such material appears are forwarded to NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW.

EDITORIAL STAFF

Editor-in-Chief • Ralph Raico

Associate Editors • J. Michael Cobb

James M. S. Powell • Robert Schuetinger

Editorial Assistants • David D. Friedman

Burton Gray • Thomas C. Heagy

Ernest L. Marraccini • John C. Moorhouse

EDITORIAL ADVISORS

Yale Brozen • Milton Friedman • George J. Stigler

University of Chicago

F. A. Hayek	Benjamin Rogge
University of Frieburg	Wabash College

Complaints of the loss of individuality and the lessening of respect for the person and his rights have become a commonplace of our time; they nonetheless point to a cause for genuine concern. NEW INDIVIDUALIST REVIEW, an independent journal associated with no organization or political party, believes that in the realm of politics and economics the most valuable system guaranteeing proper respect for individuality is that which, historically, has gone by the name of classical liberalism; the elements of this system are private property, civil liberties, the rule of law, and, in general, the strictest limits placed on the power of government. It is the purpose of the Review to stimulate and encourage explorations of important problems from a viewpoint characterized by thoughtful concern with individual liberty.

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