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XXI.: THE ASSEMBLY OF LADIES. - Geoffrey Chaucer, The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, vol. 7 (Supplement: Chaucerian and Other Pieces) [1897]

Edition used:

The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, edited from numerous manuscripts by the Rev. Walter W. Skeat (2nd ed.) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1899). 7 vols.

Part of: The Complete Works of Geoffrey Chaucer, 7 vols.

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XXI.

THE ASSEMBLY OF LADIES.

From Th. (Thynne, ed. 1532); compared with A. (Áddit. 34360); and T. (Trin. R. 3. 19). Title.Th. The assemble of ladies; T. the Boke callyd Assemble de Damys.

    • Of gentilwomen fayre ther were also,
    • Disporting hem, everiche after her gyse,
    • In crosse-aleys walking, by two and two,10
    • And some alone, after her fantasyes.
    • Thus occupyed we were in dyvers wyse;
    • And yet, in trouthe, we were not al alone;
    • Ther were knightës and squyers many one.
    • ‘Wherof I served?’ oon of hem asked me;15
    • I sayde ayein , as it fel in my thought,
    • ‘To walke aboutthe mase , in certayntè,
    • As a woman that [of ] nothing rought.’
    • He asked me ayein —‘whom that I sought,
    • And of my colour why I was so pale?’20
    • ‘Forsothe,’ quod I, ‘and therby lyth a tale.’
    • ‘That must me wite ,’ quod he, ‘and that anon ;
    • Tel on, let see, and make no tarying .’
    • Abyd ,’ quod I, ‘ye been a hasty oon,
    • I let you wite it is no litel thing.25
    • But, for bicause ye have a greet longing
    • In your desyr , this proces for to here,
    • I shal you tel the playn of this matere.—
    • It happed thus, that, in an after-noon ,[ ]
    • My felawship and I, by oon assent,30
    • Whan al our other besinesse was doon ,
    • To passe our tyme, into this mase we went,
    • And toke our wayes, eche after our entent;
    • Some went inward, and †wend they had gon out,[ ]
    • Some stode amid , and loked al about .35
    • And as they sought hem-self thus to and fro,
    • I gat myself a litel avauntage;[ ]
    • Al for-weried, I might no further go,45
    • Though I had won right greet , for my viage.
    • So com I forth into a strait passage,
    • Which brought me to an herber fair and grene,
    • Mad with benches, ful craftily and clene,
    • That, as me thought, ther might no crëature50
    • Devyse a better, by dew proporcioun;
    • Safe it was closed wel, I you ensure,
    • With masonry of compas enviroun,
    • Ful secretly, with stayres going doun
    • Inmiddes the place, with turning wheel , certayn;55[ ]
    • And upon that, a pot of marjolain ;
    • A litel whyle thus was I al alone,
    • Beholding wel this délectable place;
    • My felawship were coming everichone,[ ]
    • So must me nedes abyde, as for a space.
    • Rememb[e]ring of many dyvers cace75
    • Of tyme passed, musing with sighes depe,
    • I set me doun , and ther I fel a-slepe.
    • And, as I slept, me thought ther com to me
    • A gentilwoman, metely of stature;
    • Of greet worship she semed for to be,80
    • Atyred wel, not high, but by mesure;
    • Her countenaunce ful sadand ful demure;
    • Her colours blewe , al that she had upon;
    • Ther com no mo [there ] but herself aloon.
    • So furthermore to speke than was I bold ,
    • Where she dwelled, I prayed her for to say;
    • And she again ful curteysly me told ,
    • “My dwelling is, and hath ben many a day95
    • With a lady.”—“What lady, I you pray?”
    • “Of greet estate, thus warne I you,” quod she;
    • “What cal ye her?”—“Her name is Loyaltè.”
    • She charged me, by her commaundëment,
    • To warn you and your felawes everichon,
    • That ye shuld come there as she is present,
    • For a counsayl , which shal be now anon ,
    • Or seven dayës be comen and gon .110
    • And furthermore, she bad that I shuld say
    • Excuse there might be non, nor [no ] delay.
    • Another thing was nigh forget behind
    • Whiche in no wyse I wolde but ye it knew ;
    • Remembre wel, and bere it in your mind,115
    • Al your felawes and ye must come in blew ,
    • Every liche able your maters for to sew;
    • With more, which I pray you thinke upon,
    • Your wordës on your slevës everichon.
    • “I am right glad,” quod I, “ye tel me this,[ ]
    • But there is non of us that knoweth the way.”
    • “As of your way,” quod she, “ye shul not mis,
    • Ye shul have oon to gyde you, day by day,130
    • Of my felawes (I can no better say)
    • Suche oon as shal tel you the way ful right;
    • And Diligence this gentilwoman hight.
    • A woman of right famous governaunce,
    • And wel cherisshed, I tel you in certayn;135
    • Her felawship shal do you greet plesaunce.
    • Her port is suche, her maners trewe and playn ;
    • She with glad chere wol do her besy payn
    • To bring you there; now farwel, I have don.”
    • “Abyde,” sayd I, “ye may not go so sone.”140
    • “Why so?” quod she, “and I have fer to go
    • To yeve warning in many dyvers place
    • To your felawes, and so to other mo;
    • And wel ye wot , I have but litel space.”
    • Now yet,” quod I, “ye must tel me this cace,145
    • If we shal any man unto us cal?”
    • “Not oon ,” quod she, “may come among you al.”
    • “Than thus,” quod I, “do me to understand ,155
    • What place is there this lady is dwelling?”
    • “Forsothe,” quod she, “and oon sought al this land ,
    • Fairer is noon , though it were for a king
    • Devysed wel, and that in every thing.
    • The toures hy ful plesaunt shul ye find ,160
    • With fanes fressh, turning with every wind .
    • The chambres and parlours both of oo sort ,
    • With bay-windowes, goodly as may be thought,
    • As for daunsing and other wyse disport ;
    • The galeryes right wonder wel y-wrought,165
    • That I wel wot , if ye were thider brought.
    • And took good hede therof in every wyse,
    • Ye wold it thinke a very paradyse.”
    • “What hight this place?” quod I; “now say me that.”
    • “Plesaunt Regard ,” quod she, “to tel you playn .”170
    • “Of verray trouth,” quod I, “and, wot ye what,
    • It may right wel be called so, certayn;
    • But furthermore, this wold I wit ful fayn,
    • What shulde I do as sone as I come there,
    • And after whom that I may best enquere?”175
    • “A gentilwoman, a porter at the yate
    • There shal ye find ; her name is Countenaunce;
    • If †it so hap ye come erly or late,
    • Of her were good to have som acquaintaunce.
    • She can tel how ye shal you best avaunce,180
    • And how to come to her ladyes presence;
    • To her wordës I rede you yeve credence.
    • Thus parted she, and I lefte al aloon;190
    • With that I saw, as I beheld asyde,
    • A woman come, a verray goodly oon;
    • And forth withal, as I had her aspyed,
    • Me thought anon, [that] it shuld be the gyde;
    • And of her name anon I did enquere.195
    • Ful womanly she yave me this answere.
    • “I am,” quod she, “a simple crëature
    • Sent from the court ; my name is Diligence.
    • As sone as I might come, I you ensure,
    • I taried not, after I had licence;200
    • And now that I am come to your presence,
    • Look, what servyce that I can do or may,
    • Commaundë me; I can no further say.”
    • I thanked her, and prayed her to come nere,
    • Because I wold see how she were arayed ;205
    • Her gown was blew, dressed in good manere
    • With her devyse, her word also, that sayd
    • Tant que je puis; and I was wel apayd ;
    • For than wist I, withouten any more,
    • It was ful trew , that I had herd before.210
    • “Though we took now before a litel space,
    • It were ful good,” quod she, “as I coud gesse.”
    • How fer ,” quod I, “have we unto that place?”
    • “A dayes journey,” quod she, “but litel lesse;
    • Wherfore I redë that we onward dresse;215
    • For, I suppose, our felawship is past,
    • And for nothing I wold that we were last .”
    • Than parted we, at springing of the day,
    • And forth we wente [a ] soft and esy pace,
    • Til, at the last, we were on our journey220
    • So fer onward , that we might see the place.
    • Now let us rest,” quod I, “a litel space,
    • And say we, as devoutly as we can,
    • A pater-noster for saint Julian.”
    • “With al my herte , I assent with good wil;225
    • Much better shul we spede, whan we have don.”
    • Than taried we, and sayd it every del .
    • And whan the day was fer gon after noon,
    • We saw a place, and thider cam we sone,
    • Which rounde about was closed with a wal,230
    • Seming to me ful lyke an hospital.
    • Ther found I oon , had brought al myn aray,
    • A gentilwoman of myn aquaintaunce.
    • “I have mervayl ,” quod I, “what maner way
    • Ye had knowlege of al this ordenaunce.”235
    • Yis, yis ,” quod she, “I herd Perséveraunce,
    • How she warned your felawes everichon ,
    • And what aray that ye shulde have upon.”
    • So than I dressed me in myn aray,
    • And asked her, whether it were wel or no?
    • “It is right wel,” quod she, “unto my pay;255
    • Ye nede not care to what place ever ye go.”
    • And whyl that she and I debated so,
    • Cam Diligence, and saw me al in blew :
    • “Sister,” quod she, “right wel brouk ye your new!”
    • Than went we forth, and met at aventure260
    • A yong woman, an officer seming :
    • “What is your name,” quod I, “good crëature?”
    • Discrecioun ,” quod she, “without lesing .”
    • “And where,” quod I, “is your most abyding ?”
    • “I have,” quod she, “this office of purchace,265
    • Cheef purveyour, that longeth to this place.”
  • Before 267: Th.T. Acquayntaunce herbyger.

    • Fair love,” quod I, “in al your ordenaunce,
    • What is her name that is the herbegere ?”
    • “For sothe,” quod she, “her name is Acquaintaunce,
    • A woman of right gracious manere.”270
    • Than thus quod I, “What straungers have ye here?”
    • “But few ,” quod she, “of high degree ne low ;
    • Ye be the first, as ferforth as I know .”
    • Thus with talës we cam streight to the yate;
    • This yong woman departed was and gon;275
    • Cam Diligence, and knokked fast therat ;
    • “Who is without?” quod Countenaunce anon .
    • Trewly ,” quod I, “fair sister, here is oon !”
    • Which oon ?” quod she, and therwithal she lough ;
    • “I, Diligence! ye know me wel ynough .”280
    • Than opened she the yate , and in we go;
    • With wordës fair she sayd ful gentilly,
    • “Ye are welcome, ywis! are ye no mo?”
    • “Nat oon ,” quod she, “save this woman and I.”
    • Now than,” quod she, “I pray yow hertely,285
    • Tak my chambre, as for a whyl , to rest
    • Til your felawës come, I holde it best.”
    • Thus as I stood musing ful busily,
    • I thought to take good hede of her aray,
    • Her gown was blew, this wot I verely,
    • Of good fasoun , and furred wel with gray;305
    • Upon her sleve her word (this is no nay),
    • Which sayd thus, as my pennë can endyte,
    • A moi que je voy, writen with lettres whyte.
    • Than forth withal she cam streight unto me,
    • “Your word ,” quod she, “fayn wold I that I knew.”310
    • “Forsothe,” quod I, “ye shal wel knowe and see ,
    • And for my word , I have non ; this is trew .
    • It is ynough that my clothing be blew ,
    • As here-before I had commaundëment;
    • And so to do I am right wel content.315
    • But tel me this, I pray you hertely,
    • The steward here, say me, what is her name?”
    • “She hight Largesse, I say you suërly ;
    • A fair lady, and &

      Here endeth the Book of Assemble de Damys.

      [1. ]A. leef; Th. lefe.

      [2. ]Th. ceason.

      [3. ]Th. corne; gathered. A. in; Th. T. om. A. sheef; Th. shefe.

      [4. ]Th. gardyne aboute twayne; noone.

      [6. ]Th. mynde dothe fal.

      [7. ]Th. fyfthe; A. T. fift. A. T. om. the. Th. al.

      [13. ]Th. T. al; A. om.

      [16. ]Th. sayd ayen; A. seyde ageyne.

      [17. ]Th. aboute.

      [18. ]I supply of.

      [19. ]Th. ayen; A. ageyn.

      [21. ]Th. lythe. [Henceforward unmarked readings are from Thynne.]

      [22. ]All me. A. wite; Th. T. wete. anone.

      [23. ]se; taryeng.

      [24. ]Abyde; ben.

      [25. ]A. wite; Th. T. wete.

      [26. ]great.

      [27. ]desyre; processe.

      [28. ]playne.

      [29. ]noone.

      [30. ]one.

      [31. ]A. oure; Th. T. om. T. A. besynes was; Th. besynesses were doone.

      [34. ]All went (twice); read wend (=weened).

      [35. ]A. amyddis; Th. T. in the myd. aboute.

      [36. ]sothe. A. T. fer; Th. ferre. behynde.

      [37. ]ferforthe; beste.

      [38. ]mynde.

      [40. ]forthe.

      [41. ]A. so (for sore).

      [42. ]wrathe. A. stept (for did step).

      [43. ]A. thus; T. Th. om. -selfe.

      [44. ]gate.

      [46. ]great.

      [47. ]came; A. com. forthe; strayte.

      [48. ]fayre.

      [49. ]All Made. T. craftyly; A. Th. crafty.

      [51. ]T. dew; Th. dewe; A. om.

      [53. ]masonrye. A. T. compas; Th. compace.

      [54. ]T. steyers.

      [55. ]whele.

      [56. ]potte. A. Margoleyne; Th. Margelayne; T. Margelayn.

      [58. ]-selfe; folke.

      [59. ]great.

      [60. ]howe.

      [61. ]A. Ne moubliemies; Th. Ne momblysnesse; T. Ne momblynes. A. souenez; T. souenes; Th. souenesse.

      [62. ]All penses.

      [63. ]A. No no; Th. T. Ne (!). wote.

      [64. ]A. beneth; Th. T. and benche (!). Th. smoth.

      [65. ]hewe.

      [67. ]one. A. who; Th. T. om. none; knewe.

      [68. ]streames newe and newe.

      [70. ]came.

      [71. ]A. thus; Th. T. om.

      [74. ]muste. T. nedys; Th. nedest; A. nede. A. as; Th. T. om.

      [76. ]A. musyng; Th. T. om.

      [77. ]downe.

      [78. ]A. com; Th. came.

      [80. ]Th. great.

      [82. ]sadde. A. ful (2); Th. T. om.

      [84. ]A. com; Th. came. I supply there.

      [85. ]gowne. A. embrowded; T. enbrowdyd; Th. enbraudred.

      [86. ]A. souenez; Th. T. stones.

      [87. ]A. On; Th. T. In. A. the; Th. T. her. All worde; read word was.

      [88. ]A. Bien loielment as I cowde me deuyse.

      [89. ]A. euery; T. many (om. in); Th. any.

      [91. ]All was called.

      [92. ]A. than; Th. T. om. bolde.

      [94. ]agayne; curtesly; tolde.

      [95. ]be.

      [97. ]great.

      [99. ]stande.

      [100. ]A. wit; Th. T. wete. A. ful; Th. T. right.

      [102. ]hussher (A. T. vssher); certayne.

      [103. ]rodde; beare; playne.

      [104. ]knowe.

      [105. ]A. Perteyneng; Th. T. Apertaynyng. A. vnto; Th. T. to.

      [107. ]warne; -one.

      [108. ]shulde.

      [109. ]counsayle; nowe anone.

      [110. ]gone.

      [111. ]shulde.

      [112. ]I supply no.

      [113. ]A. nygh; Th. T. not (!). behynde.

      [114. ]knewe.

      [115. ]beare.

      [116. ]muste; blewe.

      [119. ]T. wordys; sleuys.

      [120. ]So A.; Th. T. be not abasshed in no maner wyse.

      [122. ]Make.

      [124. ]grefe.

      [125. ]displeased.

      [126. ]helpe. A. shul; Th. T. shal. ensed.

      [127. ]T. (heading): Diligence Guyde.

      [129. ]A. shul; Th. T. shal.

      [130. ]A. shul; Th. T. shal. A. one (=oon); Th. T. om.

      [132. ]one; waye.

      [135. ]A. I sey yow for.

      [136. ]great.

      [137. ]porte; playne.

      [139. ]A. T. farewele now have I.

      [140. ]A. quod (for sayd.).

      [141. ]ferre.

      [144. ]wote.

      [145. ]Nowe; A. om.

      [147. ]one. Th. amonges; A. T. among.

      [148. ]A. Nat one quod I ey; Th. Not one than sayd I eygh; T. Not oon then sayd I O.

      [149. ]A. they; Th. T. I. done.

      [150. ]Th. Nowe; lyfe.

      [152. ]trouthe. T. A. nat; Th. not.

      [153. ]questyons. Th. be to large; A. om. to.

      [154. ]A. medle; Th. meddle. A. is (in later hand); Th. T. om.

      [155. ]vnderstande.

      [157. ]one; lande.

      [158. ]none.

      [160. ]hye. A. shul; Th. shal. fynde.

      [161. ]A. fanes; Th. phanes; T. vanes. wynde.

      [162. ]A. om. and. A. parlours; Th. parlers; T. parlors. A. both; Th. T. om. A. oo; Th. T. a. sorte.

      [164. ]disporte.

      [166. ]wote.

      [167. ]A. toke; Th. T. take.

      [168. ]Th. wol; A. T. wold.

      [169. ]A. this; Th. T. the. nowe.

      [170. ]regarde; playne.

      [171. ]A. verray; T. verrey; Th. verey. wote.

      [172. ]A. om. right.

      [173. ]A. T. ful; Th. right.

      [174. ]T. shulde I; Th. I shulde; A. shal I.

      [175. ]A. that; Th. T. om.

      [176. ]A. at; Th. T. of.

      [177. ]fynde.

      [178. ]Th. T. ye (for it); A. om. (but it seems required).

      [180. ]So A.; Th. T. you tel howe ye shal you.

      [181. ]howe. Th. her; A. T. this.

      [182. ]A. T. yow; Th. ye. gyue.

      [183. ]Th. om. that. T. depart; Th. parte; A. part.

      [184. ]A. T. soth; Th. faythe. great.

      [185. ]wote.

      [186. ]thanke; great.

      [187. ]comforte. A. suche;Th. T. om.

      [188. ]nowe; bolde; fayle.

      [189. ]A. auise; Th. aduyce. Th. and good; A. T. om. good.

      [198. ]courte.

      [201. ]nowe.

      [202. ]A. that; Th. T. om.

      [205. ]wolde se howe. A. were; Th. T.was. arayde.

      [207. ]worde; sayde.

      [208. ]apayde.

      [209. ]A. For; Th. T. And.

      [210. ]trewe; herde.

      [211. ]nowe.

      [212. ]coude.

      [213. ]Howe farre. A. that; Th. T. the.

      [215. ]A. onward; Th. T. outwarde.

      [217. ]So A.; Th. T. wolde not we were the last.

      [218. ]A. parted; Th. T. departed. Th. T. at the; A. om. the.

      [219. ]I supply a. T. and an esy.

      [221. ]far. A. onward; Th. T. outwarde. se.

      [222. ]Nowe.

      [225. ]A. myn hert quod she I gre me wele (better?).

      [226. ]A. shul; Th. shal.

      [227. ]A. dele; T. delle; Th. dyl.

      [228. ]A. was fer gon; Th. T. was past farre.

      [229. ]sawe; came.

      [230. ]aboute.

      [232. ]founde I one.

      [233. ]myne.

      [234. ]meruayle.

      [236. ]A. Yis yis; Th. Yes yes. herde.

      [237. ]T. A. your; Th. her. -one.

      [238. ]A. that; Th. T. om. A. shal.

      [239. ]Nowe.

      [240. ]A. this (for the).

      [241. ]wolde; myne.

      [242. ]wolde; gone. A. ful; Th. T. ryght. fayne.

      [243. ]certayne.

      [244. ]agayne come; hye.

      [245. ]se. A. how wele; Th. T. anone. done.

      [246. ]doute; greatly wote.

      [247. ]T. byn; A. bien; Th. be. gone.

      [248. ]A. waraunt; Th. T. warne.

      [249. ]A. T. shul; Th. shal. -one.

      [250. ]counsayle; anone.

      [251. ]A. ye (twice); Th. T. you (twice).

      [252. ]harme thoughe. A. afore; Th. T. before.

      [257. ]A. while; Th. whyles.

      [258. ]Came; sawe; blewe.

      [259. ]All broke (for brouk). Before 260: Th. T. Discrecyon purvyour.

      [260. ]wente.

      [261. ]yonge; semynge.

      [263. ]Dyscrecyon; lesynge.

      [264. ]abydynge.

      [266. ]Chefe.

      [267. ]Fayre.

      [268. ]A. herbegyer; Th. T. herbygere.

      [272. ]fewe; hyghe degre; lowe.

      [273. ]knowe. Before 274: Th. Countenaunce porter.

      [274. ]came.

      [275. ]yonge.

      [276. ]Came; therate.

      [277. ]anone.

      [278. ]Truely; fayre; one.

      [279. ]Whiche one; loughe.

      [280. ]knowe; ynoughe.

      [281. ]T. yate; A. Th. gate.

      [282. ]fayre.

      [284. ]one.

      [285. ]Nowe.

      [286. ]Take. A. as; Th. T. om. whyle.

      [288. ]A. gon; Th. go. A. eche on; Th. T. euerychone.

      [289. ]All without (!).

      [290. ]Came; toke; leaue onone.

      [291. ]A. yow; Th. T. ye. nowe.

      [292. ]thanke.

      [293. ]laboure; whiche; mede.

      [294. ]spede.

      [295. ]anone.

      [296. ]A. now; Th. T. om.

      [297. ]A. eche one; Th. T. euerychone.

      [298. ]So A; Th. T. But where they are I knowe no certaynte.

      [299. ]wyndowe se.

      [300. ]amonge.

      [301. ]A. now; Th. om.

      [302. ]stode musynge.

      [304. ]gowne; blewe; wote.

      [305. ]facyon.

      [306. ]worde.

      [307. ]A. The whiche.

      [308. ]A. O (for A). A. lettres; Th. letters.

      [309. ]A. Than ferforth as she com. came. A. vnto; Th. to.

      [310. ]T. worde; Th. wordes; A. om. (see 312). fayne.

      [311. ]se.

      [312. ]worde; none; trewe.

      [313. ]ynoughe; blewe. Above 316: Th. Largesse stewarde; T. Belchere Marchall.

      [318. ]T. sewerly; Th. surely.

      [319. ]fayre. A. right of nobil.

      [320. ]se; reporte.

      [17.]the mase. They amused themselves by trying to find a way into a maze, similar to that at Hampton Court. Cf. l. 32.

      [29.]Ll. 1–28 are introductory. The story of the dream now begins, but is likewise preceded by an introduction, down to l. 77.

      [34.]The word went is repeated; the second time, it is an error for wend, weened. ‘Some went (really) inwards, and imagined that they had gone outwards.’ Which shews that the maze was well constructed. So, in l. 36, those who thought they were far behind, found themselves as far forward as the best of them.

      [42.]That is, they cheated the deviser of the maze, by stepping over the rail put to strengthen the hedge. That was because they lost their temper.

      [44.]The authoress got ahead of the rest; although sorely tired, she had gained a great advantage, and found the last narrow passage which led straight to the arbour in the centre. This was provided with benches (doubtless of turf, Flower and Leaf, l. 51) and well enclosed, having stone walls and a paved floor with a fountain in the middle of it.

      [54.]There were stairs leading downwards, with a ‘turning-wheel.’ I do not think that turning-wheel here means a turn-stile, or what was formerly called a turn-pike. It simply means that the stair-case was of spiral form. Jamieson tells us that, in Lowland Scotch, the term turn-pike was applied (1) to the winding stair of a castle, and (2) to any set of stairs of spiral form; and quotes from Arnot to shew that a spiral stair-case was called a turnpike stair, whereas a straight one was called a scale stair. The pot of marjoram may have been placed on a support rising from the newel.

      It may be noted that arbours, which varied greatly in size and construction, were often set upon a small ‘mount’ or mound; in which case it would be easy to make a small spiral stair-case in the centre. In the present case, it could hardly have been very large, as it occupied a space in the centre of a maze. For further illustration, see A History of Gardening in England, by the Hon. Alicia Amherst, pp. 33, 52, 78, 116, 118, 314.

      [60.]‘And how they (the daisies) were accompanied with other flowers besides, viz. forget-me-nots and remember-mes; and the poor pansies were not ousted from the place.’

      [61.]Ne-m’oublie-mies; from O. F. ne m’oublie-mie, a forget-me-not. Littré, s. v. ne m’oubliez pas, quotes, from Charles d’Orléans, ‘Des fleurs de ne m’oubliez mie’; and again, from a later source, ‘Un diamant taillé en fleur de ne m’oblie mie.’ The recovery of this true reading (by the help of MS. A.) is very interesting; as all the editions, who follow Thynne, are hopelessly wrong. Thynne, misreading the word, printed Ne momblysnesse; whence arose the following extraordinary entry in Bailey’s Dictionary:—‘Momblishness, talk, muttering; Old Word.’ This ghost-word is carefully preserved in the Century Dictionary in the form:—‘Momblishness, muttering talk’; Bailey (1731).

      sovenez doubtless corresponds to the name remember-me, given in Yorkshire and Scotland to the Veronica chamædrys, more commonly called the germander speedwell, and in some counties forget-me-not. But we should rather, in this passage, take forget-me-not (above) to refer, as is most usual, to the Myosotis; as Littré also explains it. Here Thynne was once more at a loss, and printed the word as souenesse, which was ‘improved’ by Stowe into sonenesse. Hence another ghost-word, recorded by Bailey in the entry:—‘Sonenesse, noise.’ Cf. l. 86.

      [62.]pensees, pansies; alluding, of course, to the Viola tricolor. The spelling is correct, as it represents the O. F. pensee, thought; and it seems to have been named, as Littré remarks, in a similar way to the forget-me-not, and (I may add) to the remember-me.

      [68.]stremes, jets of water; there was a little fountain in the middle.

      [73.]The authoress had to wait till the other ladies also arrived in the centre of the maze. Cf. note to l. 736.

      [82.]sad, settled, staid. demure, sober; lit. mature.

      [83.]blewe, blue; which was the colour of constancy; see note to C. T., F 644 (vol. v. p. 386). For the lady’s name was Perseverance. It is convenient to enumerate here the officers who are mentioned. They are: Perseveraunce, usher (91); Diligence (133, 198, 728); Countenance, porter (177, 277, 295); Discretion, purveyour (263); Acquaintance, herbergeour (269); Largesse, steward (318); Belchere, marshall (322); Remembrance, chamberlain (336); Avyseness, or Advisedness, secretary (343); and Attemperance, chancellor (508). The chief Lady is Loyalty (98), dwelling in the mansion of Pleasant Regard (170).

      [87.]Here word means ‘motto.’ I here collect the French mottoes mentioned, viz. Bien et loyalement (88); Tant que je puis (208); A moi que je voy (308); Plus ne purroy (364); A endurer (489). Afterwards, four ladies are introduced, with the mottoes Sans que jamais (583); Une sanz chaungier (590); Oncques puis lever (598); and Entierment vostre (616). These ladies afterwards present petitions, on which were written, respectively, the phrases Cest sanz dire (627); En dieu est (645); Soyez en sure (666); and Bien moneste (675). The words, or mottoes, were embroidered on the sleeves of the ladies (119). See Lydgate’s Temple of Glas, 308–10.

      [224.]They said a pater-noster for the benefit of St. Julian, because he was the patron-saint of wayfarers. ‘Of this saynt Julyen somme saye that this is he that pylgryms and wey-faryng men calle and requyre for good herberowe, by-cause our lord was lodgyd in his hows’; Caxton’s Golden Legend. The story occurs in the Gesta Romanorum, c. xviii., and in the Aurea Legenda. The following extract from an old translation of Boccaccio, Decam. Day 2. Nov. 2, explains the point of the allusion. ‘Nevertheless, at all times, when I am thus in journey, in the morning before I depart my chamber, I say a paternoster and an Ave-Maria for the souls of the father and mother of St. Julian; and after that, I pray God and St. Julian to send me a good lodging at night’; &c. Dunlop, in his Hist. of Fiction, discussing this Novella, says: ‘This saint was originally a knight, and, as was prophecied to him by a stag, he had the singular hap to kill his father and mother by mistake. As an atonement for his carelessness, he afterwards founded a sumptuous hospital for the accommodation of travellers, who, in return for their entertainment, were required to repeat pater-nosters for the souls of his unfortunate parents.’

      [241.]Because she was to change her dress, and put on blue; see ll. 258–9, 313–4, 413.