The Online Library of Liberty

A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.

• Errata and Addenda
• Introduction
• I: The Testament of Love.
• Book I Prologue. [ ]
• Book II.
• Book III.
• II.: The Plowmans Tale.
• III.: Jack Upland.
• IV.: John Gower Unto the Worthy and Noble Kinge Henry the Fourth.
• V.: Thomas Hoccleve. the Letter of Cupid.
• VI.: To the Kinges Most Noble Grace; and to the Lordes and Knightes of the Garter.
• VII.: A Moral Balade.
• VIII.: John Lydgate. the Complaint of the Black Knight; Or, the Complaint of a Loveres Lyfe.
• IX.: The Flour of Curtesye.
• X.: A Balade; In Commendation of Our Lady.
• XI.: To My Soverain Lady.
• XII.: Ballad of Good Counsel.
• XIII.: Beware of Doubleness.
• XIV.: A Balade: Warning Men to Beware of Deceitful Women.
• XV.: Three Sayings.
• XVI.: La Belle Dame Sans Mercy. Translated Out of French By Sir Richard Ros.
• XVII.: The Testament of Cresseid.
• XVIII.: The Cuckoo and the Nightingale; Or the Book of Cupid, God of Love.
• XIX.: Envoy to Alison.
• XX.: The Flower and the Leaf.
• XXI.: The Assembly of Ladies.
• XXII.: A Goodly Balade.
• XXIII.: Go Forth, King.
• XXIV.: The Court of Love.
• XXV.: Virelai.
• XXVI.: Prosperity.
• XXVII.: Leaulte Vault Richesse.
• XXVIII.: Sayings Printed By Caxton.
• XXIX.: Balade In Praise of Chaucer.
• Notes.
• Glossarial Index.
• List of Subscribers.

VIII.

JOHN LYDGATE.

THE COMPLAINT OF THE BLACK KNIGHT; OR, THE COMPLAINT OF A LOVERES LYFE.

From Th. (Thynne, ed. 1532); collated with F. (Fairfax 16); B. (Bodley 638, imperfect); T. (Tanner 346); D. (Digby 181); S. (Arch. Selden B. 24); I have also consulted Ad. (Addit. 16165); and P. (Pepys 2006).

• • IN May, whan Flora, the fresshe lusty quene,
  • The soile hath clad in grene, rede , and whyte,
  • And Phebus gan to shede his stremes shene
  • Amid the Bole , with al the bemes brighte,
  • And Lucifer, to chace awey the night,5
  • Ayen the morowe our orizont hath take
  • To bidde lovers out of hir sleepe awake,
• • And hertes hevy for to recomforte
  • From dreriheed of hevy nightes sorowe,
  • Nature bad hem ryse, and hem disporte,10
  • Ayen the goodly, gladde, greye morowe;
  • And Hope also, with seint Johan to borowe,
  • Bad , in dispyt of daunger and dispeyre,
  • For to take the hoolsom lusty eyre:
• • And with a sigh I gan for to abreyde15[ ]
  • Out of my slombre, and sodainly up sterte
  • As he, alas! that nigh for sorowe deyde,
  • My sekenes sat ay so nigh my herte.
  • But, for to finde socour of my smerte,
  • Or at the leste som réles of my peyne,20
  • That me so sore halt in every veyne,[ ]
• • I roos anon, and thoghte I wolde goon
  • Into the wode , to here the briddes singe,[ ]
  • Whan that the misty vapour was agoon
  • And clere and faire was the morowning ;25
  • The dewe also, lyk silver in shyning
  • Upon the leves , as any baume swete,
  • Til fyry Tytan , with his persaunt hete,
• • Had dryed up the lusty licour newe
  • Upon the herbes in the grene mede,30
  • And that the floures, of many dyvers hewe,
  • Upon hir stalkes gonne for to sprede
  • And for to splaye[n] out hir leves on-brede[ ]
  • Agayn the sonne, gold-burned in his spere,
  • That doun to hem caste his bemes clere.35
• • And by a river forth I gan costey[ ]
  • Of water clere as berel or cristal
  • Til at the laste I found a litel wey
  • Toward a park, enclosed with a wal
  • In compas rounde, and by a gate smal40
  • Who-so that wolde frely mighte goon
  • Into this park , walled with grene stoon.
• • And in I wente , to here the briddes song ,[ ]
  • Whiche on the braunches , bothe in playn and vale,
  • So loude songe , that al the wode rong45
  • Lyke as it shulde shiver in peces smale;
  • And, as me thoughte , that the nightingale
  • With so gret mighte her voys gan out-wreste
  • Right as her herte for love wolde breste .
• • The soil was playn, smothe, and wonder softe50
  • Al oversprad with tapites that Nature
  • Had mad her-selve , celured eek alofte
  • With bowes grene, the floures for to cure,[ ]
  • That in hir beautè they may longe endure
  • From al assaut of Phebus fervent fere,55
  • Whiche in his spere so hote shoon and clere.
• • The eyre attempre , and the smothe wind
  • Of Zepherus, among the blossomes whyte,
  • So hoolsom was and norisshing by kind,
  • That smale buddes, and rounde blomes lyte60
  • In maner gonnen of her brethe delyte
  • To yeve us hope that hir fruit shal take ,
  • Ayens autumpne, redy for to shake .
• • I saw ther Daphne , closed under rinde,
  • Grene laurer, and the hoolsom pyne;65
  • The myrre also, that wepeth ever of kinde;
  • The cedres hye, upright as a lyne;[ ]
  • The philbert eek, that lowe doth enclyne[ ]
  • Her bowes grene to the erthe adoun
  • Unto her knight, y-called Demophoun.70
• • Ther saw I eek the fresshe hawëthorn
  • In whyte motlè , that so swote doth smelle ,
  • Ash , firre, and ook , with many a yong acorn ,
  • And many a tree—mo than I can telle ;
  • And, me beforn , I saw a litel welle ,75
  • That had his cours , as I gan beholde,
  • Under an hille , with quikke stremes colde.
• • The gravel gold , the water pure as glas ,
  • The bankes rounde, the welle envyroning;
  • And softe as veluët the yonge gras80
  • That therupon lustilycam springing ;
  • The sute of trees aboute compassing[ ]
  • Hir shadowe caste, closing the welle rounde,
  • And al the herbes growing on the grounde.
• • The water was so hoolsom and vertuous85
  • Through might of herbes growing there besyde,
  • Not lyk the welle, wher-as Narcisus[ ]
  • Y-slayn was, through vengeaunce of Cupyde ,
  • Where so covertly he didë hyde
  • The grayn of cruel dethe upon ech brinke,90[ ]
  • That deeth mot folowe, who that ever drinke;
• • Ne lyk the pittë of the Pegacè
  • Under Pernaso, where poetës slepte;
  • Nor lyk the welle of pure chastitè
  • Which thatDyane with her nymphes kepte,95
  • Whan she naked into the water lepte,
  • That slow Acteon with his houndes felle
  • Only for he cam so nigh the welle!
• • Bút this welle, that I here reherce,
  • So hoolsom was, that it wolde aswage100
  • Bollen hertes, and the venim perce
  • Of pensifheed , with al the cruel rage,
  • And evermore refresshe the visage[ ]
  • Of hem that were in any werinesse
  • Of greet labour, or fallen in distresse.105
• • And I, that had, through daunger and disdayne,
  • So drye a thrust , thoughte I wolde assaye[ ]
  • To taste a draughte of this welle, or twayne,
  • My bitter langour if it mighte alaye;
  • And on the banke anon adoun I lay,110
  • And with myn heed unto the welle I raughte,
  • And of the water drank I a good draughte;
• • Wherof, me thought, I was refresshed wele[ ]
  • Of the brenning that sat so nigh my herte,
  • That verily anon I gan to fele115
  • An huge part relesed of my smerte;
  • And therwithallë anon up I sterte,
  • And thoughte I wolde walke, and see more
  • Forth in the parke, and in the holtes hore.
• • And through a laundë as I yede a-pace120
  • And gan aboute faste to beholde,
  • I found anon a délitable place
  • That was beset with treës yonge and olde,
  • Whose names here for me shal not be tolde;
  • Amidde of whiche stood an herber grene,125
  • That benched was, with colours newe and clene.
• • Thís herber was ful of flouresinde ,
  • In-to the whiche as I beholde gan,
  • Betwix an hulfere and a wodëbinde,
  • As I was war, I saw wher lay a man130
  • In blakke and whyte colour , pale and wan,
  • And wonder deedly also of his hewe,
  • Of hurtes grene and fresshe woundes newe.
• • And overmore distrayned with sekenesse,
  • Besyde al this, he was, ful grevously;135
  • For upon him he had an hoot accesse ,
  • That day by day him shook ful pitously;
  • So that, for constreynt of his malady
  • And hertly wo, thus lying al alone,
  • It was a deeth for to here him grone.140
• • Wherof astonied, my foot I gan withdrawe,
  • Greetly wondring what it mighte be
  • That he so lay, and hadde no felawe,
  • Ne that I coude no wight with him see;
  • Wherof I hadde routhe, and eek pitè,145
  • And gan anon, so softely as I coude,
  • Among the busshes me prively to shroude;
• • If that I mighte in any wyse espye
  • What was the cause of his deedly wo,
  • Or why that he so pitously gan crye150
  • On his fortune, and on hisure also;
  • With al my might I layde an ere to,
  • Every word to marke, what he seyde,
  • Out of his swough among as he abrayde.[ ]
• • But first, if I shulde make mencioun155
  • Of his persone, and plainly him discryve,
  • He was in sothe, without excepcioun,
  • To speke of manhode, oon the best on-lyve;
  • Ther may no man ayen the trouthe stryve.
  • For of his tyme, and of his age also160
  • He proved was, ther men shulde have ado ,
• • For oon the beste there , of brede and lengthe
  • So wel y-mad by good proporcioun,
  • If he had be in his deliver strengthe;
  • But thought and seknesse were occasioun165
  • That he thus lay, in lamentacioun,
  • Gruffe on the grounde, in place desolat,
  • Sole by him-self, awhaped and amat.[ ]
• • And, for me semeth that it is sitting
  • His wordes al to putte in remembraunce,170
  • To me, that herdë al his complayning
  • And al the groundë of his woful chaunce,
  • If ther-withal I may you do plesaunce,
  • I wol to you, so as I can, anon,
  • Lyk as he sayde, reherce hem everichon.175
• • But who shal helpe me now to complayne?
  • Or who shal now my style gye or lede?[ ]
  • O Niobè , let now thy teres rayne
  • In-to my penne; and helpe eek in this nede,
  • Thou woful Mirre, that felest my herte blede180
  • Of pitous wo, and myn hand eek quake
  • Whan that I wryte, for this mannes sake!
• • For unto wo accordeth complayning
  • And doleful cherë unto hevinesse;
  • To sorowe also, syghing and weping,185
  • And pitous mourning, unto drerinesse;
  • And whoso that shal wryten of distresse
  • In party nedeth to knowe felingly
  • Cause and rote of al such malady.
• • But I, alas! that am of witte but dulle,190
  • And have no knowing of such matere,
  • For to discryve and wryten at the fulle
  • The woful complaynt, which that ye shal here,
  • But even-lyk as doth a skrivenere
  • That can no more what that he shal wryte,195
  • But as his maister besyde doth endyte;
• • Right so fare I, that of no sentement
  • Saye right naught, as in conclusioun,
  • But as I herde, whan I was present,
  • This man complayne with a pitous soun;200
  • For even-lyk, without addicioun
  • Or disencrees , either more or lesse,
  • For to reherce anon I wol me dresse.
• • And if that any now be in this place
  • That fele in love brenning or fervence,205
  • Or hindred werë to his lady grace
  • With false tonges, that with pestilence
  • Slee trewe men that never did offence
  • In word nor dede, ne in hir entent—
  • If any suche be here now present,210
• • Let him of routhe lay to audience,
  • With doleful chere and sobre countenaunce,
  • To here this man, by ful high sentence,
  • His mortal wo and his gret perturbaunce
  • Cómplayning, now lying in a traunce,215
  • With lokes upcaste, and with ruful chere,
  • Th’ effect of whiche was as ye shal here.—

Compleynt.

Compleynt;inF.only.

• • THE thought oppressed with inward sighes sore,
  • The painful lyf, the body languisshing,
  • The woful gost, the herte rent and tore,220
  • The pitous chere, pale in compleyning,
  • The deedly face, lyk ashes in shyning,
  • The salte teres that fro myn eyën falle,
  • Parcel declare grounde of my peynes alle:
• • Whos herte is grounde to blede in hevinesse;225
  • The thought, resceyt of wo and of complaynt;
  • The brest is cheste of dole and drerinesse;
  • The body eek so feble and so faynt;
  • With hote and colde myn acces is so meynt,[ ]
  • That now I chiver for defaute of hete,230
  • And, hoot as gleed, now sodainly I swete.
• • Now hoot as fyr, now cold as asshes dede,
  • Now hoot fro cold, now cold fro hete agayn;
  • Now cold as ys , now as coles rede
  • For hete I brenne; and thus, betwixe twayne,235
  • I possed am, and al forcast in payne;
  • So that my hete plainly, as I fele,
  • Of grevous cold is causë, every-deel.
• • This is the cold of inward high disdayne ,
  • Cold of dispyt, and cold of cruel hate;240
  • This is the cold that doth his besy payne
  • Ayeines trouthe to fighte and to debate.
  • This is the cold that wolde the fyr abate
  • Of trewe mening; alas! the harde whyle!
  • This is the cold that wolde me begyle.245
• • For ever the better that in trouthe I mente
  • With al my mighte faythfully to serve,
  • With herte and al for to be diligent,
  • The lesse thank, alas! I can deserve!
  • Thus for my trouthe Daunger doth me sterve.250
  • For oon that shulde my deeth, of mercy, lette
  • Hath mad despyt newe his swerd to whette
• • Ayeines me, and his arowes to fyle
  • To take vengeaunce of wilful crueltè;
  • And tonges false, through hir sleightly wyle,255
  • Han gonne a werre that wil not stinted be;
  • And fals Envye, Wrathe , and Enmitè,
  • Have conspired, ayeines al right and lawe,
  • Of hir malyce, that Trouthe shal be slawe.
• • And Male-Bouche gan first the tale telle ,260
  • To slaundre Trouthe, of indignacioun;
  • And Fals-Report so loude rong the belle ,
  • That Misbeleve and Fals-Suspeccioun,
  • Have Trouthe brought to his dampnacioun,
  • So that, alas! wrongfully he dyeth,265
  • And Falsnes now his placë occupyeth,
• • And entred is in-to Trouthes lond ,
  • And hath therof the ful possessioun.
  • O rightful god, that first the trouthe fond ,
  • How may thou suffre such oppressioun,270
  • That Falshood shulde have jurisdiccioun
  • In Trouthes right, to slee him giltëlees?
  • In his fraunchyse he may not live in pees.
• • Falsly accused, and of his foon forjuged ,
  • Without answere, whyl he was absent,275
  • He dampned was, and may not ben excused,
  • For Crueltè sat in jugëment
  • Of hastinesse, withoute avysëment,
  • And bad Disdayn do execute anon
  • His jugëment, in presence of his foon.280
• • Attourney noon ne may admitted been
  • T’ëxcuse Trouthë, ne a word to speke;
  • To fayth or ooth the juge list not seen,
  • There is no gayn, but he wil be wreke.
  • O lord of trouthe, to thee I calle and clepe ;285
  • How may thou see, thus in thy presence,
  • Withoute mercy, murdred innocence?
• • Now god, that art of trouthe soverain
  • And seëst how I lye for trouthe bounde,
  • So sore knit in loves fyry chain290
  • Even at the deth, through-girt with many a wounde
  • That lykly are never for to sounde,
  • And for my trouthe am dampned to the deeth,
  • And not abyde, but drawe along the breeth:
• • Consider and see, in thyn eternal right,295
  • How that myn herte professed whylom was
  • For to be trewe with al my fulle might
  • Only to oon , the whiche now, alas!
  • Of voluntè, withoute any trespas,
  • Myn accusours hath taken unto grace,300
  • And cherissheth hem, my deth for to purchace.
• • What meneth this? what is this wonder ure
  • Of purveyauncë , if I shal it calle ,
  • Of god of love, that false hem so assure,
  • And trewe, alas! doun of the whele ben falle ?305[ ]
  • And yet in sothe, this is the worst of alle ,
  • That Falshed wrongfully of Trouthe hath name ,
  • And Trouthe ayenward of Falshed bereth the blame .
• • This blinde chaunce, this stormy aventure,
  • In lovë hath most his experience;310
  • For who that doth with trouthe most his cure
  • Shal for his mede finde most offence,
  • That serveth love with al his diligence;
  • For who can faynë, under lowliheed ,
  • Ne fayleth not to finde grace and speed .315
• • For I loved oon, ful longë sith agoon,
  • With al my herte, body, and ful might,
  • And, to be deed, my herte can not goon
  • From his hest, but holde that he hath hight;
  • Though I be banisshed out of her sight,320
  • And by her mouth dampned that I shal deye,
  • †To my behest yet I wil ever obeye.
• • For ever, sithë that the world began,
  • Who-so list lokë, and in storie rede,
  • He shal ay finde that the trewe man325
  • Was put abakke, wher-as the falshede
  • Y-furthered was; for Love taketh non hede
  • To slee the trewe, and hath of hem no charge,
  • Wher-as the false goth freely at hir large.
• • I take recorde of Palamides ,330
  • The trewe man, the noble worthy knight,
  • That ever loved, and of his payn no relees;
  • Notwithstonding his manhood and his might
  • Love unto him did ful greet unright;
  • For ay the bet he did in chevalrye,335
  • The more he was hindred by envye.
• • And ay the bet he did in every place
  • Through his knighthood and his besy payne,
  • The ferther was he from his lady grace,
  • For to her mercy mighte he never attayne;340
  • And to his deth he coude it not refrayne
  • For no daungere, but ay obey and serve
  • As he best coude, plainly, til he sterve.
• • What was the fyne also of Hercules ,
  • For al his conquest and his worthinesse,345
  • That was of strengthe alone pereles ?
  • For, lyk as bokes of him list expresse,
  • He sette pillers, through his hy prowesse,
  • Away at Gades , for to signifye[ ]
  • That no man mighte him passe in chevalrye.350
• • The whiche pillers ben ferre beyonde Inde
  • Beset of golde, for a remembraunce;
  • And, for al that, was he set behinde
  • With hem that Love liste febly avaunce;[ ]
  • For [he ] him sette last upon a daunce,355
  • Ageynes whom helpe may no stryf;
  • For al his trouthe, yit he loste his lyf.
• • Phebus also, for al his persaunt light,
  • Whan that he wente here in erthe lowe,
  • Unto the herte with fresh Venus sight360
  • Y-wounded was, through Cupydes bowe,
  • And yet his lady liste him not to knowe.
  • Though for her love his herte didë blede,
  • She leet him go, and took of him no hede.
• • What shal I saye of yonge Piramus ?365
  • Of trew Tristram , for al his hye renoun?
  • Of Achilles, or of Antonius ?
  • Of Arcite eke , or of him Palemoun?[ ]
  • What was the endë of hir passioun
  • But, after sorowe, deeth, and than hir grave?370
  • Lo, here the guerdon tha these lovers have!
• • But false Jason , with his doublenesse,
  • That was untrewe at Colkos to Medee,
  • And Theseus , rote of unkindënesse,
  • And with these two eek the false Enee;375
  • Lo! thus the falsë, ay in oon degrè,
  • Had in love hir lust and al hir wille;
  • And, save falshood , ther was non other skille.
• • Of Thebes eek the false [knight ] Arcyte,
  • And Demophon †also , for [al ] his slouthe,380[ ]
  • They had hir lust and al that might delyte
  • For al hir falshode and hir greet untrouthe.
  • Thus ever Love (alas! and that is routhe!)
  • His false leges forthereth what he may,
  • And sleeth the trewe ungoodly, day by day.385
• • For trewe Adon was slayn with the bore[ ]
  • Amid the forest, in the grene shade;
  • For Venus love he feltë al the sore.
  • But Vulcanus with her no mercy made;
  • The foule chorl had many nightes glade,390
  • Wher Mars, her worthy knight, her trewe man,
  • To finde mercy, comfort noon he can.
• • Also the yonge fresshe Ipomenes[ ]
  • So lusty free [was ], as of his corage,
  • That for to serve with al his herte he chees395
  • Athalans, so fair of hir visage;
  • But Love, alas! quitte him so his wage
  • With cruel daunger plainly, at the laste,
  • That, with the dethe, guerdonles he paste.
• • Lo! here the fyne of loveres servyse!400
  • Lo! how that Love can his servaunts quyte!
  • Lo! how he can his faythful men despyse,
  • To slee the trewe , and false to respyte!
  • Lo! how he doth the swerd of sorowe byte
  • In hertes, suche as most his lust obeye,405
  • To save the false, and do the trewe deye!
• • For fayth nor ooth , word, ne assuraunce,
  • Trewe mening, awayte, or besinesse,
  • Stille port , ne faythful attendaunce,
  • Manhood, ne might, in armes worthinesse,410
  • Pursute of worship, nor no hy prowesse,
  • In straunge lande ryding, ne travayle,[ ]
  • Ful lyte or nought in lovë doth avayle.
• • Peril of dethe, nother in see ne lande,
  • Hunger ne thurst, sorowe ne sekenesse ,415
  • Ne grete empryses for to take on hande,
  • Sheding of blode, ne manful hardinesse,
  • Ne ofte woundinge at sautes by distresse,
  • Nor †juparting of lyf, nor deeth also—[ ]
  • Al is for nought, Love taketh no hede therto!420
• • But lesings, with hir false flaterye,
  • Through hir falshede, and with hir doublenesse,
  • With tales newe and many fayned lye,
  • By fals semblaunt and counterfet humblesse,
  • Under colour depeynt with stedfastnesse,425
  • With fraude covered under a pitous face
  • Accepte been now rathest unto grace,
• • And can hem-selve now best magnifye
  • With fayned port and fals presumpcioun;
  • They haunce hir cause with fals surquedrye430
  • Under meninge of double entencioun,
  • To thenken oon in hir opinioun
  • And saye another; to sette hemselve alofte
  • And hinder trouthe, as it is seyn ful ofte.
• • The whiche thing I bye now al to dere,435
  • Thanked be Venus and the god Cupyde!
  • As it is sene by myn oppressed chere,
  • And by his arowes that stiken in my syde,
  • That, sauf the deth, I nothing abyde
  • Fro day to day; alas, the harde whyle!440
  • Whan ever his dart that him list to fyle,
• • My woful herte for to ryve a-two
  • For faute of mercy, and lak of pitè
  • Of her that causeth al my payne and wo
  • And list not ones, of grace, for to see445
  • Unto my trouthe through her crueltee;
  • And, most of alle, yit I me complayne,
  • That she hath joy to laughen at my peyne!
• • And wilfully hath [she ] my deeth y-sworn
  • Al giltëlees, and wot no cause why450
  • Save for the trouthe that I have had aforn
  • To her alone to serve faithfully!
  • O god of lovë ! unto thee I cry,
  • And to thy blinde double deitee
  • Of this gret wrongë I compleyne me,455
• • And to thy stormy wilful variaunce
  • Y-meynt with chaunge and greet unstablenesse;
  • Now up, now doun, so renning is thy chaunce,[ ]
  • That thee to truste may be no sikernesse.
  • I wyte it nothing but thy doublenesse;460
  • And who that is an archer and is †blent[ ]
  • Marketh nothing, but sheteth as he †went .[ ]
• • And for that he hath no discrecioun,
  • Withoute avys he let his arowe go;
  • For lakke of sight, and also of resoun,465
  • In his shetinge, it happeth ofte so,
  • To hurte his frend rather than his fo;
  • So doth this god, [and ] with his sharpe floon
  • The trewe sleeth, and let the false goon.
• • And of his wounding this is the worst of alle,470
  • Whan he hurteth, he doth so cruel wreche
  • And maketh the seke for to crye and calle
  • Unto his fo, for to been his leche;
  • And hard it is, for a man to seche,
  • Upon the point of dethe in jupardye ,475
  • Unto his fo, to finde remedye!
• • Thus fareth it now even by me,
  • That to my fo, that yaf myn herte a wounde,
  • Mote aske grace, mercy, and pitè,
  • And namëly, ther wher non may be founde!480[ ]
  • For now my sore my leche wil confounde,
  • And god of kinde so hath set myn ure,
  • My lyves fo to have my wounde in cure!
• • Alas! the whyle now that I was born![ ]
  • Or that I ever saw the brighte sonne!485
  • For now I see, that ful longe aforn,
  • Or I was born, my desteny was sponne
  • By Parcassustren , to slee me, if they conne;
  • For they my deth shopen or my sherte
  • Only for trouthe! I may it not asterte.490
• • The mighty goddesse also of Nature
  • That under god hath the governaunce
  • Of worldly thinges committed to her cure,
  • Disposed hath , through her wys purveyaunce,
  • To yeve my lady so moche suffisaunce495
  • Of al vertues, and therwithal purvyde
  • To murdre trouthe, hath take Daunger to gyde.
• • For bountè, beautè, shappe, and semeliheed,
  • Prudence, wit, passingly fairnesse,
  • Benigne port, glad chere with lowliheed,500
  • Of womanheed right plenteous largesse ,
  • Nature did in her fully empresse,
  • Whan she her wroughte; and alther-last Disdayne,
  • To hinder trouthe, she made her chamberlayne;
• • Whan Mistrust also, and Fals-Suspeccioun,505
  • With Misbeleve, she made for to be
  • Cheef of counsayl to this conclusioun,
  • For to exyle Routhe , and eek Pitè,
  • Out of her court to make Mercy flee,
  • So that Dispyt now holdeth forth her reyne,510
  • Through hasty bileve of tales that men feyne.
• • And thus I am, for my trouthe, alas![ ]
  • Murdred and slayn with wordes sharpe and kene,
  • Giltlees , god wot, of al maner trespas,
  • And lye and blede upon this colde grene.515
  • Now mercy, swete! mercy, my lyves quene!
  • And to your grace of mercy yet I preye,
  • In your servyse that your man may deye!
• • But if so be that I shal deye algate,
  • And that I shal non other mercy have,520
  • Yet of my dethe let this be the date
  • That by your wille I was brought to my grave;
  • Or hastily, if that you list me save,
  • My sharpe woundes, that ake so and blede,
  • Of mercy, charme, and also of womanhede.525[ ]
• • For other charme, playnly, is ther non
  • But only mercy, to helpe in this case;
  • For though my woundes blede ever in oon,
  • My lyf, my deeth, standeth in youre grace;
  • And though my gilt be nothing, alas!530
  • I aske mercy in al my beste entente,
  • Redy to dye, if that ye assente.
• • For ther-ayeines shal I never stryve
  • In worde ne werke; playnly, I ne may;
  • For lever I have than to be alyve535
  • To dye soothly, and it be her to pay ;
  • Ye, though it be this eche same day
  • Or whan that ever her liste to devyse;
  • Suffyceth me to dye in your servyse.
• • And god, that knowest the thought of every wight540
  • Right as it is, in †al thing thou mayst see,
  • Yet, ere I dye, with all my fulle might
  • Lowly I pray, to graunte[n] unto me
  • That ye, goodly, fayre, fresshe, and free,
  • Which slee me only for defaute of routhe,545
  • Or that I dye, ye may knowe my trouthe.
• • For that, in sothe, suffyseth unto me,
  • And she it knowe in every circumstaunce;
  • And after, I am wel apayd that she
  • If that hir list, of dethe to do vengeaunce550
  • Untó me, that am under her legeaunce ;
  • It sit me not her doom to disobeye,
  • But, at her luste , wilfully to deye .
• • Withoute grucching or rebellioun
  • In wille or worde, hoolly I assent,555[ ]
  • Or any maner contradiccioun,
  • Fully to be at her commaundëment;
  • And, if I dyë, in my testament
  • My herte I sende, and my spirit also,
  • What-so-ever she list , with hem to do.560
• • And alder-last unto her womanhede
  • And to her mercy me I recommaunde,
  • That lye now here, betwixe hope and drede,
  • Abyding playnly what she list commaunde.
  • For utterly, (this nis no demaunde),565
  • Welcome to me , whyl me lasteth breeth,
  • Right at her choise, wher it be lyf or deeth!
• • In this matere more what mighte I seyn,
  • Sith in her hande and in her wille is al,
  • Both lyf and deeth, my joy and al my payn?570
  • And fynally, my heste holde I shal,
  • Til my spirit, by desteny fatal,
  • Whan that her liste , fro my body wende;
  • Have here my trouthe, and thus I make an ende!’
• • And with that worde he gan syke as sore575[ ]
  • Lyk as his herte ryve wolde atwayne,
  • And held his pees, and spak a word no more.
  • But, for to see his wo and mortal payne,
  • The teres gonne fro myn eyen rayne
  • Ful pitously, for very inward routhe580
  • That I him saw so languisshing for trouthe.
• • And al this whyle my-self I kepte cloos
  • Among the bowes, and my-self gan hyde,
  • Til, at the laste, the woful man aroos,
  • And to a logge wente ther besyde,585
  • Where, al the May, his custome was t’abyde,
  • Sole, to complaynen of his paynes kene,
  • Fro yeer to yere, under the bowes grene.
• • And for bicause that it drow to the night
  • And that the sonne his ark diurnál590
  • Y-passed was, so that his persaunt light,
  • His brighte bemes and his stremes al
  • Were in the wawes of the water fal,
  • Under the bordure of our ocëan,
  • His char of golde his cours so swiftly ran:595
• • And whyl the twylight and the rowes rede
  • Of Phebus light were dëaurat a lyte,
  • A penne I took, and gan me faste spede
  • The woful playntë of this man to wryte
  • Word by wordë, as he did endyte;600
  • Lyk as I herde, and coude him tho reporte,
  • I have here set, your hertes to disporte.
• • If ought be mis, layeth the wyte on me,
  • For I am worthy for to bere the blame
  • If any thing [here ] misreported be,605
  • To make this dytè for to seme lame
  • Through myn unconning; but, to sayn the same,
  • Lyk as this man his complaynt did expresse,
  • I aske mercy and forgivënesse.
• • And, as I wroot, me thoughte I saw a-ferre,610
  • Fer in the weste , lustely appere
  • Esperus , the goodly brighte sterre,
  • So glad, so fair, so persaunt eek of chere,
  • I mene Venus, with her bemes clere,
  • That, hevy hertes only to releve,615
  • Is wont, of custom, for to shewe at eve.
• • And I, as faste , fel doun on my knee
  • And even thus to her gan I to preye:—
  • ‘O lady Venus! so faire upon to see,
  • Let not this man for his trouthe deye,620
  • For that joy thou haddest whan thou leye[ ]
  • With Mars thy knight, whan Vulcanus you fond,
  • And with a chayne invisible you bond
• • Togider, bothe twayne, in the same whyle
  • That al the court above celestial625
  • At youre shame gan for to laughe and smyle!
  • A! fairë lady! welwilly founde at al,[ ]
  • Comfort to careful, O goddesse immortal!
  • Be helping now, and do thy diligence
  • To let the stremes of thyn influence630
• • Descende doun, in forthering of the trouthe,
  • Namely, of hem that lye in sorowe bounde;
  • Shew now thy might, and on hir wo have routhe
  • Er fals Daunger slee hem and confounde.
  • And specially, let thy might be founde635
  • For to socourë , what-so that thou may,
  • The trewe man that in the herber lay,
• • And alle trewe forther, for his sake,
  • O gladde sterre, O lady Venus myne!
  • And cause his lady him to grace take.640
  • Her herte of stele to mercy so enclyne,
  • Er that thy bemes go up, to declyne,
  • And er that thou now go fro us adoun,
  • Fór that love thou haddest to Adoun!’[ ]
• • And whan that she was gon unto her reste,645
  • I roos anon, and hoom to bedde wente,
  • For verily , me thoughte it for the beste ;
  • Prayinge thus, in al my best entente,
  • That alle trewe, that be with Daunger shente,
  • With mercy may, in reles of hir payn,650
  • Recured be, er May come eft agayn.
• • And for that I ne may no lenger wake,
  • Farewel, ye lovers alle, that be trewe!
  • Praying to god; and thus my leve I take,
  • That, er the sonne to-morowe be risen newe,655
  • And er he have ayein his rosen hewe,
  • That eche of you may have suche a grace,
  • His owne lady in armes to embrace.
• • I mene thus, that , in al honestee,
  • Withoute more, ye may togider speke660
  • What so ye listë, at good libertee,
  • That eche may to other hir herte breke,
  • On Jelousyë only to be wreke,[ ]
  • That hath so longe, of malice and envye,
  • Werreyed Trouthe with his tirannye.665

Lenvoy.

• • Princesse, plese it your benignitee
  • This litel dytè for to have in mynde!
  • Of womanhedë also for to see
  • Your trewe man may youre mercy finde;
  • And Pitè eek, that long hath be behinde,670
  • Let him ayein be próvoked to grace;
  • For, by my trouthe, it is ayeines kinde,
  • Fals Daunger for to occupye his place!
• • Go, litel quayre, unto my lyves queen,
  • And my very hertes soverayne;675
  • And be right glad; for she shal thee seen;
  • Suche is thy grace! But I, alas! in payne
  • Am left behinde, and not to whom to playne.
  • For Mercy, Routhe, Grace, and eek Pitè
  • Exyled be, that I may not attayne680
  • Recure to finde of myn adversitè.

Explicit.

[P. 256, l. 371.]For tha read that.

[2. ]Th. reed; F. D. rede.

[4. ]S. his (for 2nd the).

[5. ]Th. away; F. awey.

[6. ]Th. D. orizont; F. T. S. orisont.

[7. ]Th. bidde al; MSS. om. al. F. T. om. lovers.

[10. ]Th. bade. F. T. D. S. om. 2nd hem.

[11. ]D. gladde; rest glad. All grey (or gray).

[13. ]Th. Bade; MSS. Bad. All dispyte (dispite).

[14. ]S. go take (rest om. go).

[15. ]Th. syghe.

[16. ]F. out stert.

[18. ]Th. sicknesse; MSS. sekenes. F. S. sat; rest sate. Th. aye. Th. nye.

[20. ]F. atte; T. at; rest at the. S. sum; rest some, summe. P. reles; D. relece; T. relese; F. relesse; Th. release.

[21. ]F. halt; Th. halte.

[22. ]T. S. roos; rest rose. Th. thought.

[23. ]Th. wodde; S. wod; rest wode. Th. byrdes.

[24. ]Th. T. D. vapoure; F. S. vapour. F. D. agoon; T. Th. agone.

[25. ]F. morownyng; T. morownynge; Th. moronyng.

[26. ]Th. lyke; F. lykyng (!); rest like; read lyk.

[27. ]Th. leaues.

[32. ]F. the (for hir).

[33. ]Th. D. splaye; F. T. S. splay; read splayen. F. S. on; rest in.

[34. ]Th. T. Agayne; F. Ageyn; D. Ayen. S. gold; rest golde.

[35. ]Th. T. downe; F. dovn; D. down; S. doun.

[36. ]Th. forthe.

[37. ]F. berel; S. beriall; Th. byrel; T. byrell; D. birele.

[39. ]D. S. Toward; F. Tovard; Th. T. Towarde.

[40. ]Th. compace; MSS. compas.

[41. ]T. myghte; S. michty (!); rest might. Th. gone; F. goon.

[42. ]S. park; rest parke.

[43. ]T. wente; rest went. Th. byrdes; rest briddes. S. song; rest songe.

[44. ]Th. branches; F. T. D. braunches. Th. and (correctly); rest omit.

[45. ]Th. sange; S. sang; P. song; F. T. D. songe. Th. woode. S. P. rong; rest ronge.

[47. ]T. thoughte; Th. F. D. thought.

[48. ]T. myghte; rest might. T. D. wraste; S. brest; Th. F. wrest.

[49. ]T. breste; D. braste; Th. F. brest; S. to-brest.

[51. ]F. T. P. tapites; Th. D. tapettes.

[52. ]Th. F. T. -selfe (better selve). F. celured; D. coloured; S. siluered; Th. T. couered.

[54. ]Th. beautie. F. T. may not (for may).

[55. ]S. assaut; rest assaute.

[56. ]Th. sphere; hotte. Th. F. T. D. shone (read shoon).

[57, 59. ]S. wynd, kynd; rest wynde, kynde.

[58. ]S. P. among; rest amonge. T. blossomes; D. blossoms; Th. blosomes; F. blosmes.

[59. ]All holsom (holsum). Th. F. T. D. and so; S. om. so.

[60. ]F. T. blomes; S. blomys; Th. blosmes; D. blossoms.

[61. ]All gan, can; see l. 579.

[62. ]S. that; rest om. F. their; T. theire; Th. D. there; S. thai; read hir.

[63. ]F. D. Ayens; Th. Ayenst; T. Agayne.

[64. ]T. S. saw; Th. F. D. sawe (!). F. ther; rest the; cf. l. 71. S. Daphin; rest Daphene; read Daphne.

[65. ]Th. holsome; rest holsom (-sum).

[68. ]F. phibert; Th. T. filberte; D. filberde; S. filbard. Th. F. dothe.

[69. ]Th. S. adoun; rest doun.

[70. ]F. I-called; rest called.

[71. ]Th. T. D. sawe. P. hawethorn; rest hawthorn, hawthorne, hauthorne.

[72. ]S. motle; F. motele; rest motley. (Read swoot?). Th. dothe smel.

[73. ]All Asshe; read Ash. All oke; read ook. S. Ȝong; T. fressh (!); rest yonge. S. accorne; rest acorne.

[74. ]Th. tel.

[75. ]S. beforn; D. before; rest beforne. Th. sawe; wel.

[76. ]T. cours; S. courss; rest course.

[77. ]Th. hyl; quicke streames.

[78. ]S. P. gold; D. colde; rest golde.

[78, 80. ]F. glas, gras; Th. glasse, grasse.

[79. ]wel.

[80. ]Ad. velowet.

[81. ]Th. T. D. lustely (T. lustily) came (cam) springyng; F. lustely gan syng (!); S. lustily gan spryng.

[83. ]Th. F. wel; T. D. welle.

[85. ]From this point I silently correct obvious errors in spelling of Th. by collation with the MSS. Th. holsome. S. and; rest and so.

[86. ]Th. Thorowe. S. there; rest omit.

[87, 92, 94. ]I read lyk for lyke.

[87. ]F. T. D. Narcius (!).

[89. ]T. dyde; rest dyd, did.

[90. ]S. cruell; rest omit.

[95. ]Th. that; rest as. F. T. P. his; rest her.

[101. ]S. perce; D. perce; Th. peerce; F. T. perysh (!)

[103. ]Th. ouermore (!).

[107. ]Th. F. thrust; T. thurste; P. D. thurst.

[110. ]S. adoun; Th. F. P. downe; rest down, doun.

[113–126. ]S. omits.

[122. ]Th. delectable.

[127. ]D. ynde; T. Iende; F. cende (!); Th. gende; S. of Inde.

[138. ]S. constreynt; rest constraynyng.

[147. ]Th. priuely me; rest me priuely. (Read busshes prively me shroude?).

[151. ]Th. om. 2nd his.

[154. ]For among perhaps read anon.

[159. ]S. the; rest omit.

[162. ]Th. therto; rest there.

[168. ]F. P. awaped.

[175. ]D. hem; S. thame; rest om.

[179. ]Th. om. this.

[181. ]So all.

[184. ]F. delful; T. delefull; S. dulefull; D. doilfull.

[187. ]S. quhoso; rest who. S. writen; rest write (wryte).

[191. ]D. no knowyng haue; rest haue no knowyng.

[192. ]S. writen; rest write (wryte).

[198. ]F. S. as; rest om.

[202. ]Th. disencrease; F. disencrese; T. disencrece; D. disencrees.

[205. ]S. louyng.

[206. ]F. hindered; S. hinderit; rest hindred.

[212. ]F. T. deleful; S. dulfull; D. wofull.

[214. ]S. grete; rest om.

[216. ]S. with full; rest omit (I omit full).

[225. ]D. grownded.

[227. ]F. S. dule; D. dooll.

[230. ]Th. T. chyuer; F. shyuer; D. chevir; S. chill.

[233. ]T. D. fro; S. from; Th. F. for (twice).

[234. ]Th. T. D. yse; F. Ise; S. Iss.

[239. ]S. distress.

[241. ]So D. P.; S. doth his besyness; Th. euer doth his besy payne; F. euere doth besy peyn; T. euur doth his bysy hate (sic).

[242. ]T. Agaynes; F. D. Ayens; Th. Ayenst; S. AȜeynis. S. and to; rest om. to.

[243. ]Th. om. wolde.

[245. ]T. wolde; S. wold; Th. D. wol; F. will.

[247. ]T. myghte; Th. F. might.

[248. ]S. for; rest om.

[251, 252. ]T. D. lette, whette; Th. F. let, whet. All despite.

[253. ]S. AȜeynes; T. Agaynes; F. D. Ayens; Th. Agaynst.

[257. ]P. of wrath.

[258. ]S. aȜeynes; T. agaynes; F. D. ayens; Th. agaynst.

[260, 262. ]Th. tel, bel; rest telle, belle. S. rong; F. T. D. ronge; Th. range.

[267, 269. ]S. lond, fond; rest londe, fonde.

[271. ]Th. D. falshode; F. S. falshed; T. falsehede.

[276. ]Th. D. be; rest ben.

[277. ]S. sat; rest sate, satte.

[281. ]F. non ne may; rest may non.

[283. ]D. oth; S. soth; rest othe.

[285. ]Th. F. T. P. clepe; D. speke; S. cleke (!).

[297. ]T. D. fulle; Th. F. ful.

[298. ]Th. S. one; rest oon.

[299. ]F. more (for any).

[303. ]Th. cal.

[305. ]Th. fal.

[306. ]Th. al.

[307. ]All the name; I omit the.

[308. ]All the blame; read ber’the.

[314, 315. ]D. lowlyheed, speed; rest -hede, spede.

[322. ]All Vn-to; read To.

[323. ]F. sithe; S. sithen; rest sith.

[332. ]Perhaps omit his. D. payn; T. peyn; rest payne (peyne).

[337. ]S. bet; F. bette; rest better.

[338. ]Th. F. om. 2nd his.

[339. ]T. lady; F. ladye; rest ladyes.

[346. ]D. perelees; F. T. S. P. pereles; Th. peerles.

[347. ]T. liste of hym; S. can of him.

[349. ]F. Gades; S. Gadis; rest Gaddes.

[351. ]Th. P. om. ben.

[352. ]S. Y-sett; D. Sette.

[355. ]I supply he.

[357. ]S. Ȝit; rest omit.

[360. ]S. fresch; rest omit.

[363. ]T. dide; rest did.

[368. ]S. eke; rest omit.

[374. ]F. Tereus (for Theseus).

[378. ]F. falshed; S. falshede.

[379. ]I supply knight.

[380. ]All eke; read also. I supply al.

[382. ]S. and thair (for and hir); rest omit thair (=hir).

[384. ]Th. lieges.

[386. ]So all.

[391. ]S. worthi knycht & hir trew; rest omit worthi and trew. I follow S.; but omit and.

[393. ]F. T. Ipomones; Th. Ypomedes; S. P. Ypomenes; D. Ipomeus.

[394. ]I supply was.

[400. ]F. lovers; T. louys; rest loues.

[403. ]S. trewe; rest trewe men.

[405. ]Th. moost.

[407. ]D. S. oth; rest othe.

[409. ]F. P. S. port; rest porte.

[411. ]S. no; rest omit.

[413. ]Th. lytel; P. litill; D. litle; rest lyte.

[414. ]F. nother; rest nor.

[415. ]Th. syknesse; F. sekenesse.

[419. ]D. Iupardy; rest in partynge (for iupartynge); read juparting; cf. l. 475.

[421. ]F. fals (error for false); rest omit.

[426. ]S. double (for pitous).

[429. ]S. falss; rest om.

[435. ]Th. F. P. bye; D. bie; T. bey; S. by.

[437. ]Th. T. S. sene; F. seen; P. D. seyn.

[438. ]Th. sticken; P. D. stekyn.

[439. ]S. P. the; rest om.

[447. ]S.Ȝit; rest om.

[449. ]I supply she. S. ysuorn; rest om. y-.

[451. ]Th. om. have.

[453. ]T. D. S. aboue (for of love); see l. 454.

[461. ]S. blend (read blent); rest blynde (blinde).

[462. ]S. as he wend (read went); Th. by wende (!); rest by wenynge (!).

[464. ]F. T. avise; D. avice; S. aviss; Th. aduyse.

[467. ]S. P. frend; rest frende.

[468. ]B. begins here. I supply and.

[469. ]T. lette; F. leteth; Th. letteth; B. D. letith; S. lattith.

[471. ]B. F. S. he doth; Th. T. doth to.

[475. ]Th. ieopardye; S. Iupartye; F. partie (!); B. D. T. Iupardye; P. Iupard.

[488. ]Th. systerne.

[489. ]S. haue schapen (for shopen).

[494. ]F. hath; Th. haue.

[501. ]F. B. plentevous. Th. largnesse.

[508. ]Th. trouthe; S. treuth; rest routhe; see l. 679.

[514. ]Th. Gyltlesse; F. Giltles; P. Gylteles.

[523. ]F. B. P. ye (for you).

[530. ]F. B. S. gilt; rest gylte (gilte).

[533. ]S. aȜeynes; T. agaynes; F. B. D. ayens; Th. agaynst.

[536. ]S. Ȝow to pay; rest her to pay.

[537. ]Th. om. eche.

[538. ]T. D. liste; rest list.

[541. ]All euery; read al.

[543. ]All graunte (graunt); read graunten.

[545. ]Th. onely sle me; MSS. slee me only.

[547. ]S. vnto; rest om.

[548. ]S. If (for And).

[549. ]S. apaid; rest payd (paid).

[550. ]For to read shal?

[551. ]F. P. legeaunce; Th. D. ligeaunce; T. lygeaunce.

[553. ]T. D. luste; Th. F. B. lust. S. Quherso hir list to do me lyue or deye.

[555. ]S. hoolly; Th. holy.

[560. ]Th. T. D. lyste; F. S. P. list.

[561. ]S. vnto; rest to.

[566. ]S. quhill þat me.

[568. ]Th. mater.

[571. ]F. B. P. hest.

[573. ]T. liste; rest list (lust).

[575. ]T. sike; S. to sike; Th. D. sygh; F. B. sile (!).

[577. ]Th. no worde.

[581. ]Th. long wisshing (!). Th. S. for; F. B. D. P. for his; T. for her.

[583. ]S. P. gan; rest gonne (gunne).

[587. ]S. compleynen; rest complayne.

[598. ]T. faste; rest fast.

[605. ]I supply here.

[606. ]Th. dytte.

[611. ]T. D. weste; rest west.

[617. ]T. D. faste; rest fast. S. D. F. doun; Th. adowne; D. T. Adoun.

[622. ]T. you; rest om.

[626. ]S. for to; rest om.

[627. ]MSS. welwilly; Th. wyl I (!).

[636. ]Th. socouer (misprint).

[645. ]S. vnto; rest to.

[647. ]S. verily; Th. T. D. wery (!); B. very wery (!); F. werry wery (!); P. very.

[650. ]F. B. reles; T. D. relese; Th. release; S. relesche.

[656. ]Th. T. S. P. om. his.

[659. ]Th. om. that.

[663. ]Th. ialousyes; D. Ielosies; rest Ielosye.

[664. ]T. B. P. of; rest of his.

[665. ]S. Werreyed; D. Werried; rest Werred.

[666. ]MSS. Princes; Th. Pryncesse. Th. pleaseth; F. pleseth; P. plesith (read plese). Th. it to your; rest om. to.

[667. ]S. P. for; rest om.

[669. ]Th. D. om. trewe.

[673. ]S. for; rest om.

[4.]Bole, Bull. The sun entered Taurus, in the fifteenth century, just before the middle of April. Hence the phrase Amid the Bole refers, not to the first degree of the sign, but (literally) to the middle of it. The reference must be to May 1, when the sun had just passed a little beyond the middle (or 15th degree) of Taurus.

Even here we trace the influence of Chaucer’s translation of the Romaunt of the Rose; for which see notes to ll. 36, 74 below. Chaucer reiterates the mention of May, R. R. 49, 51, 55, 74, 86; and ll. 1 and 2 of the present poem answer to R. R. 53–56:—

• ‘For ther is neither busk ne hay
• In May, that it nil shrouded been,
• And it with newe leves wreen.’

[12.]with seint Johan, with St. John for their security or protection; probably suggested by The Compleynt of Mars, l. 9, which opens in a similar strain; cf. note to C. T., F 596; vol. v. p. 385.

[15, 16.]Compare Rom. Rose (Chaucer’s version), ll. 94–5.

[21.]halt, holds, constrains; the present tense.

[22, 23.]Compare Rom. Rose (Chaucer’s version), ll. 100–1.

[28.]Lydgate is fond of calling the sun Tytan; Chaucer has the name only once; in Troil. iii. 1464. Lydgate is here thinking of the passage in the Knightes Tale, A 1493–6, about fyry Phebus. Note that he is fond of the word persaunt; see ll. 358, 591, 613; cf. Schick, note to T. G. 328.

[33.]It is odd that no MS. has the form splayen; yet the final n is required for the metre, or, at any rate, to save an hiatus.

[36.]Lydgate here copies l. 134 of the English Romaunt of the Rose—‘The river-syde costeying’—and is a witness to the genuineness of Fragment A of that poem; as appears more clearly below; see note to l. 75. The whole passage seems founded upon the Romaunt; for this walk by the river brings him to a park (a garden in the Romaunt) enclosed by a wall that had a small gate in it. It is further obvious that l. 42 is borrowed from l. 122 of the Parliament of Foules—‘Right of a park walled with grene stoon.’ I may remark here that I have seen a wall constructed of red sandstone so entirely covered with a very minute kind of vegetable growth as to present to the eye a bright green surface.

[40.]gate smal; usually called a wiket in similar poems; see Rom. Rose, 528, and Schick, note to T. G. 39.

[43–49.]This stanza answers to Rom. Rose, ll. 105–8, 78–9.

[52.]celúred, canopied, over-arched (New E. Dict.).

[53–6.]Cf. Rom. Rose, 1398–1400.

[57.]attempre, temperate; observe that this word occurs in the Rom. Rose, l. 131 (only three lines above the line quoted in the note to l. 36), where the F. text has atrempee.

[62.]take, take effect, take hold, become set; an early example of this curious intransitive use of the verb.

[63.]‘Ready for (men) to shake off the fruit.’

[64.]Daphne. Cf. Troil. iii. 726:—‘O Phebus, thenk whan Dane hirselven shette Under the bark, and laurer wex for drede.’ And cf. C. T., A 2062; and Schick, note to T. G. 115.

[66.]myrre; see Troil. iv. 1138–9.

[67.]Cf. the mention of laurel, pine, and cedar in Rom. Rose, 1313–4.

[68.]The resemblance of philbert (Philibert’s nut) to Phyllis is accidental, but it was then believed that the connexion was real; merely because Vergil has ‘Phyllis amat corylos’; Ecl. vii. 63. Thus Gower has (Conf. Amant. ii. 30):—

• ‘And, after Phillis, philiberd
• This tree was called in the yerd’—

and he gives the story of Phyllis and Demophon, saying that Phyllis hanged herself on a nut-tree. See the Legend of Good Women, 2557. Pliny alludes to ‘the almond-tree whereon ladie Phyllis hanged herselfe’; Nat. Hist. xvi. 26 (in Holland’s translation). See further in Schick, note to T. G. 86.

[71.]hawethorn; often mentioned in poems of this period; see Schick, note to T. G. 505. Cf. XX. 272, p. 369; XXIV. 1433, p. 447.

[74, 75.]The list of trees was evidently suggested by the Rom. Rose; see Chaucer’s translation, 1379–86. Hence the next thing mentioned is a well; see the same, ll. 1409–11, 109–30. Note that the water was cold, as in R. R. 116; under a hill, as in R. R. 114; and ran over gravel, as in R. R. 127, 1556. And then note the same, 1417–20:—

• ‘About the brinkes of thise welles,
• And by the stremes over-al elles
• Sprang up the gras, as thikke y-set
• And softe as any veluet.’

It is remarkable that the French original merely has ‘Poignoit l’erbe freschete et drue,’ without any mention of softe or of veluët. It thus becomes clear that Lydgate is actually quoting Chaucer’s version.

[81.]The reading seems to be lustily cam springing; it would be a great improvement to transpose the words, and read cam lustily springing. Cf. ‘Abouten it is gras springing’; R. R. 1563.

[82.]Cf. ‘That shadwed was with braunches grene’; R. R. 1511.

[87.]Narcisus, Narcissus; introduced as a matter of course, because he is here mentioned in the Romaunt; see R. R. 1468—‘Here starf the faire Narcisus.’

[88.]Cupyde; cf. R. R. 1523—‘Wel couthe Love him wreke tho. And see the same, 1601–29.

[89.]Cf. R. R. 1617—‘Hath sowen there of love the seed.’

[92.]pitte, i. e. well of Helicon, most likely; which Chaucer mixed up with the Castalian spring on Parnassus; see note to Anelida, 15. And cf. the Pegasee in C. T., F 207; and ‘I sleep never on the mount of Pernaso,’ F 721.

[95.]Dyane, Diana; see C. T., A 2065–6.

[97.]his houndes, his own dogs; not her, as in several MSS. For see C. T., A 2067—‘his houndes have him caught.’

[102.]pensifheed, pensiveness; common in Lydgate; see Schick, note to T. G. 2.

[103.]Cf. ‘To drinke and fresshe him wel withalle’; R. R. 1513.

[107–12.]Suggested by R. R. 1507–16; especially 1515–6.

[127.]‘Of gras and floures, inde and pers’; R. R. 67. And compare l. 126 with R. R. 68.

[129.]hulfere, holly; Icel. hulfr, dogwood. Spelt hulwur, huluyr in the Prompt. Parv. ‘The holly is still called in Norfolk hulver, and in Suffolk hulva’; Way. Cotgrave has:—‘Houx, the holly, holme, or hulver-tree.’ Also ‘Petit houx, kneehulver, butchers broom.’

[131.]MS. P. has of colour; which suggests the reading—‘In blakke and whyte, of colour pale and wan’; but this, though a better line, cannot stand, as it makes the words also of his hewe in l. 132 superfluous; indeed l. 132 then becomes unmeaning.

[136.]accesse, feverish attack; see Schick, note to T. G. 358.

[151.]ure, destiny; O. F. eur, Lat. augurium; cf. F. mal-heur. See l. 302 below, and Barbour’s Bruce, i. 312.

[154.]among; so in all the copies; among as, whilst.

[161.]ado, to do; put for at do; a Northern idiom.

[168.]awhaped, stupefied: see Gloss. in vol. vi. amat, dismayed. Cf. Schick, note to T. G. 401.

[169.]sitting, suitable; cf. R. R. 986.

[172.]grounde (dissyllabic) improves the line; but ground is the correct form.

[176.]Here the Ashmole MS. inserts ‘La compleynt du Chiualier’; but wrongly. For see l. 218.

[178.]Niobe; mentioned in Troil. i. 699. So woful Myrre, Troil. iv. 1139.

[227.]cheste, receptacle; ‘cheste of every care’; Troil. v. 1368.

[229.]Cf. Troil. i. 420; also Rom. Rose, 4746–50.

[233.]fro, from being, after being.

[250.]Daunger; see Schick, note to T. G. 156.

[253.]Cf. ‘his arwes . . fyle’; Parl. Foules, 212.

[260.]Male-Bouche, Evil Tongue; cf. R. R. 7357, &c.; where Fragment C has ‘Wikkid-Tonge,’ the F. original has Male Bouche. Cf. IX. 84 (p. 269). See Schick, note to T. G. 153.

[274–6.]forjuged and excused only give an assonance, not a rime.

[291.]through-girt . . . wounde; from C. T., A 1010.

[303.]purveyaunce, providence; a reminiscence of the argument in Troil. iv. 961, &c.

[304.]god; for the god; but the article is unnecessary; see Schick, note to T. G. 132.

[305.]‘And true men have fallen off the wheel’; i. e. the wheel of Fortune; cf. Troil. iv. 6.

[330.]Palamides, Palamedes. There were two different heroes of this name. One was the son of Nauplius, king of Euboea, who lost his life before Troy, by the artifices of Ulysses. It is said that Ulysses, envious of his fame, forged a letter to him purporting to come from Priam, and then accused him of treachery; whereupon he was condemned to be stoned to death. But the reference is rather to a much later hero, the unsuccessful lover of La bele Isoude. He was defeated by the celebrated knight Sir Tristram, who made him promise to resign his pretensions to the lady; a promise which he did not keep. See Sir T. Malory, Morte Arthure, bk. viii. c. 10, &c.

[344.]Hercules. See the Monkes Tale, B 3285.

[349.]Gades, Cadiz; where, according to Guido, Hercules set up some columns or pillars, to shew that he had come to the end of the world. There is an extraordinary confusion as to the locality and maker of these pillars. Lydgate here follows the account in the Alexander romances, viz. that Alexander set up a pillar of marble in the furthest end of India (l. 351); on which was inscribed—‘Ego Alexander Philippi Macedonis post obitum Darii usque ad hunc locum expugnando viriliter militaui’; see Alexander and Dindimus, ed. Skeat, p. 42. Lydgate has confused the two accounts.

[354.]Copied from Troil. i. 518:—‘Of hem that Love list febly for to avaunce’; which is preceded by ‘he may goon in the daunce’; see the next line.

[358.]Phebus. Cf. ‘Whan Phebus dwelled here in this erthe adoun’; C. T., H 1. Lydgate is not, however, referring to the story in the Manciples Tale, but rather to the hopeless love of Phoebus for the daughter of Admetus; for which see Troil. i. 659–65. Cf. Schick, note to T. G. 112.

[365.]Piramus. See Legend of Good Women, 724; and Schick, note to T. G. 80.

[366.]Tristram. See notes to Parl. Foules, 288, and to Rosamounde, 20; and to Temple of Glas, ed. Schick, l. 77.

[367.]Achilles fell in love with Polyxena, a daughter of Priam, according to Guido; see note to Book of the Duch. 1070; and Schick, note to T. G. 94. Antonius, Antony; see Legend of Good Women, 588.

[368.]See the Knightes Tale; but it is a little extraordinary that Lydgate should instance Palamon here.

[372.]Jason; see Legend of Good Women, 1580. For Theseus, see the same, 1945; and for Enee (Aeneas), the same, 924.

[379.]An interesting allusion, as the story of the false Arcite was of Chaucer’s invention; see his Anelida.

[380.]Demophon; already mentioned above, l. 70.

[386.]Adon, Adonis; see Troil. iii. 721; C. T., A 2224.

[390.]chorl, churl; Vulcan; cf. C. T., A 2222, and Compl. of Mars.

[393.]Ipomenes, Hippomenes, the conqueror of Atalanta in the footrace; and therefore not ‘guerdonles.’ He is thinking of Meleager, the unsuccessful lover of the other Atalanta, her of Calydon. Chaucer seems likewise to have confused these stories; see note to Parl. Foules, 286; and cf. C. T., A 2070–2.

[412.]Cf. Book Duch. 1024, and my note; and Schick, note to T.G. 169.

[419.]The correction is obvious. The scribes read iupartyng as inpartyng and then made it into two words. Cf. l. 475. Chaucer has juparlen, Troil. iv. 1566.

[458.]‘So variable is thy chance’; cf. C. T., B 125, and the note.

[461.]blent, blinded. Evidently the right reading, for which MS. S. has blend. This was turned into blynde, destroying the rime.

[462.]went, weeneth, weens, supposes, guesses; he shoots by guess. Evidently the right word, for which MS. S. has wend. But it was easily misunderstood, and most MSS. have by wenynge, which preserves the sense, but destroys the rime. Cf. let=lets, in l. 464.

[480.]This line resembles l. 229 of the Temple of Glas.

[484.]For references to similar lines, see Schick, note to T. G. 60.

[488.]Parcas, Parcae, the Fates; the form is copied from Troil. v. 3. Lines 486–9 are reminiscences of Troil. iii. 734 and C. T., A 1566.

[491.]Nature is the deputy of God; see P. F. 379, and note; C. T., C 20.

[512.]With the following stanzas compare Chaucer’s Complaint to his Lady, and An Amorous Complaint.

[525.]‘Out of your mercy and womanliness, charm my sharp wounds.’

[554.]A stock line of Lydgate’s; it occurs twice in the Temple of Glas, ll. 424, 879.

[574.]Here the Knight’s Complaint ends.

[590.]‘Parfourned hath the sonne his ark diurne’; C. T., E 1795.

[596.]Cf. ‘among yon rowes rede’; Compl. Mars, 2.

[597.]deaurat, gilded, of a golden colour; see Deaurate in the New E. Dict.

[612.]Esperus, Hesperus, the evening-star, the planet Venus. See note to Boeth. bk. i. m. 5. 9.

[621.]Cf. C. T., A 2383, 2389; and Temple of Glas, 126–8.

[627.]‘Venus I mene, the wel-willy planete’; Troil. iii. 1257. Cf. gude-willy in Burns.

[644.]‘For thilke love thou haddest to Adoun’; C. T., A 2224.

[647.]MS. B. has for very wery, meaning ‘because I was very weary,’ which is a possible expression; see Schick, note to T. G. 632; but verily seems better, as otherwise the line is cumbersome.

[663.]Jelousye; cf. Parl. Foules, 252.