The Online Library of Liberty

A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.

• Introduction to the House of Fame
• Introduction to the Legend of Good Women.
• Introduction to a Treatise On the Astrolabe.
• Description of the Plates.
• The Hous of Fame.
• Book I.
• Book II.
• Book III.
• The Legend of Good Women.
• The Prologe of .ix. Goode Wimmen.
• I.: The Legend of Cleopatra.
• II.: The Legend of Thisbe of Babylon.
• III.: The Legend of Dido, Queen of Carthage.
• IV.: The Legend of Hypsipyle and Medea.
• V.: The Legend of Lucretia.
• VI.: The Legend of Ariadne.
• VII.: The Legend of Philomela.
• VIII.: The Legend of Phyllis.
• IX.: The Legend of Hypermnestra.
• A Treatise On the Astrolabe.
• Prologue.
• Part I.
• Part Ii
• Supplementary Propositions.
• Critical Notes
• Notes to the House of Fame.
• Notes to the Legend of Good Women.
• Sources of the Canterbury Tales.

V.

THE LEGEND OF LUCRETIA.

Incipit Legenda Lucrecie Rome, martiris.

• • Now moot I seyn the exiling of kinges[ ]1680
  • Of Rome, for hir horrible doinges ,[ ]
  • And of the laste king Tarquinius,
  • As saith Ovyde and Titus Livius.
  • But for that cause telle I nat this storie,[ ]
  • But for to preise and drawen to memorie1685
  • The verray wyf, the verray trewe Lucresse,
  • That, for her wyfhood and her stedfastnesse,
  • Nat only that thise payens her comende,
  • But he , that cleped is in our legende(10)
  • The grete Austin, hath greet compassioun[ ]1690
  • Of this Lucresse, that starf at Rome toun;
  • And in what wyse, I wol but shortly trete,
  • And of this thing I touche but the grete.
• • Whan Ardea beseged was aboute[ ]
  • With Romains, that ful sterne were and stoute,1695
  • Ful longe lay the sege, and litel wroghte ,[ ]
  • So that they were half ydel, as hem thoghte ;
  • And in his pley Tarquinius the yonge[ ]
  • Gan for to iape, for he was light of tonge,(20)
  • And seyde, that ‘it was an ydel lyf;1700
  • No man did ther no more than his wyf;
  • And lat us speke of wyves, that is best;
  • Praise every man his owne, as him lest,
  • And with our speche lat us ese our herte.’
• • A knight, that highte Colatyne, up sterte,[ ]1705
  • And seyde thus, ‘nay, for hit is no nede
  • To trowen on the word, but on the dede.[ ]
  • I have a wyf,’ quod he, ‘that, as I trowe,[ ]
  • Is holden good of alle that ever her knowe;(30)
  • Go we to-night to Rome , and we shul see.’1710
• • Tarquinius answerde, ‘that lyketh me.’[ ]
  • To Rome be they come, and faste hem dighte
  • To Colatynes hous, and doun they lighte,
  • Tarquinius, and eek this Colatyne.
  • The husbond knew the estres wel and fyne,[ ]1715
  • And prively into the hous they goon;[ ]
  • Nor at the gate porter was ther noon;
  • And at the chambre-dore they abyde .
  • This noble wyf sat by her beddes syde(40)
  • Dischevele , for no malice she ne thoghte;[ ]1720
  • And softe wolle our book seith that she wroghte[ ]
  • To kepen her fro slouthe and ydelnesse;
  • And bad her servants doon hir businesse,
  • And axeth hem, ‘what tydings heren ye?
  • How seith men of the sege, how shal hit be?1725
  • God wolde the walles weren falle adoun;
  • Myn husbond is so longe out of this toun,
  • For which the dreed doth me so sore smerte,
  • Right as a swerd hit stingeth to myn herte[ ](50)
  • Whan I think on the sege or of that place ;1730
  • God save my lord, I preye him for his grace:’—
  • And ther-with-al ful tenderly she weep,[ ]
  • And of her werk she took no more keep,
  • But mekely she leet her eyen falle;
  • And thilke semblant sat her wel with-alle.1735
  • And eek her teres, ful of honestee,
  • Embelisshed her wyfly chastitee ;
  • Her countenaunce is to her herte digne,[ ]
  • For they acordeden in dede and signe.(60)
  • And with that word her husbond Colatyn,[ ]1740
  • Or she of him was war, com sterting in,
  • And seide, ‘dreed thee noght, for I am here!’
  • And she anoon up roos, with blisful chere,
  • And kiste him, as of wyves is the wone.
• • Tarquinius, this proude kinges sone,[ ]1745
  • Conceived hath her beautee and her chere,
  • Her yelow heer, her shap , and her manere,
  • Her hew, her wordes that she hath compleyned,
  • And by no crafte her beautee nas nat feyned;(70)
  • And caughte to this lady swich desyr,1750
  • That in his herte brende as any fyr
  • So woodly, that his wit was al forgeten.
  • For wel, thoghte he, she sholde nat be geten
  • And ay the more that he was in dispair,
  • The more he coveteth and thoghte her fair.1755
  • His blinde lust was al his covetinge.
• • A-morwe, whan the brid began to singe,[ ]
  • Unto the sege he comth ful privily,
  • And by himself he walketh sobrely,(80)
  • Thimage of her recording alwey newe;1760
  • ‘Thus lay her heer, and thus fresh was her hewe;
  • Thus sat, thus spak, thus span; this was her chere,
  • Thus fair she was, and this was her manere.’
  • Al this conceit his herte hath now y-take.
  • And, as the see, with tempest al to-shake ,1765
  • That , after whan the storm is al ago,
  • Yet wol the water quappe a day or two,
  • Right so, thogh that her forme wer absent,
  • The plesaunce of her forme was present;(90)
  • But natheles, nat plesaunce, but delyt,1770
  • Or an unrightful talent with despyt;[ ]
  • ‘For, maugre her, she shal my lemman be;
  • Hap helpeth hardy man alday ,’ quod he;[ ]
  • ‘What ende that I make, hit shal be so;’[ ]
  • And girt him with his swerde, and gan to go;[ ]1775
  • And forth he rit til he to Rome is come,
  • And al aloon his wey than hath he nome
  • Unto the house of Colatyn ful right.
  • Doun was the sonne, and day hath lost his light;(100)
  • And in he com un-to a privy halke ,1780
  • And in the night ful theefly gan he stalke ,
  • Whan every night was to his reste broght,
  • Ne no wight had of tresoun swich a thoght.
  • Were hit by window or by other gin,
  • With swerde y-drawe, shortly he comth in1785
  • Ther as she lay, this noble wyf Lucresse.
  • And, as she wook, her bed she felte presse.
  • ‘What beste is that,’ quod she, ‘that weyeth thus?’
  • ‘I am the kinges sone, Tarquinius,’(110)
  • Quod he, ‘but and thou crye, or noise make,1790
  • Or if thou any creature awake,
  • By thilke god that formed man on lyve,
  • This swerd through-out thyn herte shal I ryve.’
  • And ther-withal unto her throte he sterte,
  • And sette the point al sharp upon her herte.1795
  • No word she spak, she hath no might therto.
  • What shal she sayn? her wit is al ago.
  • Right as a wolf that fynt a lomb aloon,[ ]
  • To whom shal she compleyne, or make moon?(120)
  • What! shal she fighte with an hardy knight?[ ]1800
  • Wel wot men that a woman hath no might.
  • What! shal she crye, or how shal she asterte
  • That hath her by the throte, with swerde at herte?
  • She axeth grace, and seith al that she can.
  • ‘Ne wolt thou nat,’ quod he , this cruel man,1805
  • ‘As wisly Iupiter my soule save,
  • As I shal in the stable slee thy knave,
  • And leye him in thy bed, and loude crye,
  • That I thee finde in suche avouterye ;(130)
  • And thus thou shalt be deed, and also lese1810
  • Thy name, for thou shalt non other chese.’
• • Thise Romain wyves loveden so hir name[ ]
  • At thilke tyme, and dredden so the shame,
  • That, what for fere of slaundre and drede of deeth,
  • She loste bothe at-ones wit and breeth,1815
  • And in a swough she lay and wex so deed,
  • Men mighte smyten of her arm or heed;
  • She feleth no-thing, neither foul ne fair.
• • Tarquinius, that art a kinges eyr,(140)
  • And sholdest, as by linage and by right,1820
  • Doon as a lord and as a verray knight,
  • Why hastow doon dispyt to chivalrye?
  • Why hastow doon this lady vilanye?
  • Allas! of thee this was a vileins dede!
• • But now to purpos; in the story I rede,1825
  • Whan he was goon, al this mischaunce is falle.
  • This lady sente after her frendes alle,[ ]
  • Fader, moder, husbond, al y-fere;
  • And al dischevele, with her heres clere,(150)
  • In habit swich as women used tho1830
  • Unto the burying of her frendes go,
  • She sit in halle with a sorweful sighte.
  • Her frendes axen what her aylen mighte,
  • And who was deed? And she sit ay wepinge,
  • A word for shame ne may she forth out-bringe,1835
  • Ne upon hem she dorste nat beholde.
  • But atte laste of Tarquiny she hem tolde,[ ]
  • This rewful cas, and al this thing horrible.
  • The wo to tellen hit were impossible,(160)
  • That she and alle her frendes made atones.1840
  • Al hadde folkes hertes been of stones,
  • Hit mighte have maked hem upon her rewe,
  • Her herte was so wyfly and so trewe.
  • She seide, that, for her gilt ne for her blame,
  • Her husbond sholde nat have the foule name,1845
  • That wolde she nat suffre , by no wey.
  • And they answerden alle, upon hir fey,[ ]
  • That they foryeve hit her, for hit was right;
  • Hit was no gilt, hit lay nat in her might;(170)
  • And seiden her ensamples many oon.1850
  • But al for noght; for thus she seide anoon,
  • ‘Be as be may,’ quod she, ‘of forgiving,
  • I wol nat have no forgift for no-thing.’
  • But prively she caughte forth a knyf,
  • And therwith-al she rafte her-self her lyf;1855
  • And as she fel adoun, she caste her look,[ ]
  • And of her clothes yit she hede took;[ ]
  • For in her falling yit she hadde care
  • Lest that her feet or swiche thing lay bare;[ ](180)
  • So wel she loved clennesse and eek trouthe.[ ]1860
• • Of her had al the toun of Rome routhe,
  • And Brutus by her chaste blode hath swore
  • That Tarquin sholde y-banisht be ther-fore,
  • And al his kin; and let the peple calle,
  • And openly the tale he tolde hem alle,1865
  • And openly let carie her on a bere
  • Through al the toun, that men may see and here
  • The horrible deed of her oppressioun.
  • Ne never was ther king in Rome toun(190)
  • Sin thilke day; and she was holden there1870
  • A seint, and ever her day y-halwed dere[ ]
  • As in hir lawe: and thus endeth Lucresse,
  • The noble wyf, as Titus bereth witnesse.
• • I tell hit, for she was of love so trewe,
  • Ne in her wille she chaunged for no newe.1875
  • And for the stable herte, sad and kinde,
  • That in these women men may alday finde;
  • Ther as they caste hir herte, ther hit dwelleth.
  • For wel I wot, that Crist him-selve telleth,(200)
  • That in Israel, as wyd as is the lond,[ ]1880
  • That so gret feith in al the lond he ne fond[ ]
  • As in a woman; and this is no lye.
  • And as of men , loketh which tirannye[ ]
  • They doon alday; assay hem who so liste,
  • The trewest is ful brotel for to triste.1885

Explicit Legenda Lucrecie Rome, Martiris.[ ]

[1681. ]F. B. dedes; rest doinges.

[1682. ]Addit. (12524) And; rest om.

[1685. ]F. B. to (for and); rest and.

[1686. ]C. trewe; rest om.

[1689. ]F. Tn. Th. B. om. he.

[1693. ]F. omits this line; I give the spelling as in MS. T., changing thyng into thing.

[1696, 1697. ]C. F. Tn. Th. B. wroughten, thoughten; but thoughten is bad grammar; T. A. Add. wrought, thought.

[1701. ]C. no; rest om.

[1705. ]C. highte; Tn. hat; rest hyght (perhaps read hatte).

[1710. ]So C. T. Add.; rest to Rome to nyght.

[1715. ]B. estres; C. A. estris; F. Tn. esters; T. estes (!); Th. efters (!!).

[1716. ]All but T. Add. needlessly insert ful after And.

[1718. ]C. they gan abyde.

[1720. ]C. Discheuele; F. Disshevely.

[1721. ]T. Add. oure boke seyth; C. seyth (om. our book); Th. saith Liui; rest seyth our boke.

[1725. ]C. seith; F. sayne.

[1727. ]C. Th. so; rest to.

[1728. ]C. sore; rest to (badly).

[1729, 1730. ]C. has—That with a swerd me thynkyth that to myn herte It styngith me whan I thynke on that place.

[1730. ]T. A. Add. the sege; F. Tn. B. these (for the sege); Th. this.

[1731. ]F. my; rest his (before grace).

[1736. ]F. the (for her). A. T. honestee; C. oneste; B. heuyte (!); F. hevytee (!); Tn. Th. heuynesse.

[1737. ]C. Emblemyschid (!). Th. chastnesse. C. puts ll.

[1738-9 ]after l. 1743.

[1744. ]C. kiste; rest kissed.

[1747. ]C. T. A. Add. shap; rest bounte.

[1749. ]C. nas; rest was.

[1751. ]C. brende; B. brente; F. Tn. brent.

[1752. ]C. is al; Th. A. was al; rest was.

[1754. ]C. T. A. Add. that; rest om.

[1757. ]F. Tn. Th. B. On; rest A.

[1760. ]C. Thymage; rest The ymage.

[1763. ]F. T. This; rest Thus.

[1764. ]C. A. now; rest newe (new).

[1766. ]C. Yit (for That).

[1770. ]C. om. But.

[1773. ]C. T. A. alday; rest alway.

[1776. ]C. forth he rit; A. Addit. (12524) forth he ride; F. Tn. Th. he forth right (!).

[1784. ]C. T. A. Add. Were hit; rest Whether.

[1787. ]F. felt; C. felte.

[1793. ]C. thour-out; T. thorout; A. throughout; rest om. out.

[1795. ]C. T. A. Add. point; rest swerd. C. vp-on; T. opon; Tn. Th. on; rest unto.

[1798. ]C. T. A. fynt; Add. fyndyth; rest fayneth or feyneth (!). C. lomb; Add. lombe; T. A. Th. lambe; rest loue (!).

[1801. ]C. T. A. Add. that; rest om.

[1802. ]F. Add. sterte; rest asterte (astert).

[1804. ]C. T. A. Add. seyth; rest seyde.

[1805. ]C. A. Add. he; T. tho; rest om.

[1807. ]F. Tn. Th. B. om. As.

[1809. ]C. auouterye; F. avowtrye.

[1811. ]C. T. A. Add. non other; rest not.

[1815. ]C. at onys bothe; rest bothe atones.

[1816. ]C. wex; B. wexe; Tn. wax; T. wexed; A. wox; F. Th. woxe.

[1821. ]F. Tn. Th. B. om. 2nd as. C. worthi (for verray).

[1823. ]C. T. A. Add. this; rest thy.

[1824. ]C. vileyn; A. T. vileyns; Add. vilons; F. B. Tn. vilenouse; Th. villaynous.

[1825. ]F. Tn. Th. B. insert the after to.

[1829. ]F. Tn. Th. B. om. al. C. herys; A. heeres; F. heer; Tn. T. Th. B. here (heare, heere). C. has lost ll. 1836-1907.

[1840. ]Add. made; T. maden; A. maid; rest make.

[1846. ]So all but F. Tn. B.; F. B. That nolde she suffre; Tn. That wolde she suffren nat.

[1847. ]T. opon; A. vpon; rest vnto (badly).

[1857. ]T. A. Add. she hede; rest hede she.

[1862. ]So T. A. Add.; rest hath by hir chaste blood.

[1873. ]T. A. Add. as; rest om.

[1876. ]T. A. Add. for the; rest in her.

[1879. ]All him-self or him-selfe.

[1882. ]F. Add. om. and.

[1883. ]F. women; rest men. C. has lost ll. 1836-1907.

[5.]by moeving] by meuynge C; by mevyng PI; schyneth ony thing (sic) A; schyned eny thing B; for the spelling moeving, see sect. 35, l. 5.

[6.]meridian CP; meridianale I; Middel lyne of the (sic) AB.

[8.]2 citees CI; too citees P; any lynes (sic) AB.

[1680.]Ovid tells the story of Lucretia under the date Feb. 22 (viii Kal. Martii), which was commemorated as ‘Fuga Tarquinii Superbi,’ and begins his account in the Fasti, ii. 685. Chaucer here borrows from Ovid’s first line, viz.:—‘Nunc mihi dicenda est regis fuga.’

Ll. 1680-1693 form Chaucer’s own Prologue to the story.

[1682.]The ‘last king’ of Rome was Tarquinius Superbus, father of the Tarquinius Sextus whom Chaucer calls in l. 1698 ‘Tarquinius the yonge.’ The word And, at the beginning of the line, though absolutely necessary to the sense, is preserved only in MS. Addit. 12524, a bad copy from a good type. It reads:—‘And specially off the last king Tarquinius’; but no other MS. retains specially, and of course it makes the line too long.

[1684.]‘I do not tell the story for the sake of Tarquin’s exile.’

[1690.]‘St. Augustin, commenting on the story in the milder and more rational spirit of Christian morality, while he admires the purity of Lucrece, blames her folly in committing the crime of self-murder as a punishment on herself for that of which she was really innocent. “Si adultera,” he asks, “cur laudata? Si pudica, cur occisa?” See August. De Civitate Dei, c. xix.’—Bell.

[1694.]Here Chaucer begins his close copy of Ovid, Fast. ii. 721:—‘Cingitur interea Romanis Ardea signis.’ The original should be compared throughout. Ardea, capital of the Rutuli; in Latium.

[1696.]Wroghte, pt. t. ‘The siege (or the besiegers) lay before the city long, and accomplished little’; G. L. Kittredge, Harvard Studies, p. 7.

[1698.]‘Tarquinius iuuenis’; i. e. Tarquinius Sextus.

[1705.]Colatyne. Chaucer found the name in Livy (or Augustine). Ovid merely has: ‘cui dederat clarum Collatia nomen.’ Livy has: ‘ubi et Collatinus cenebat Tarquinius, Egerii filius.’ Collatinus was the cousin of Sextus, and took his name from Collatia, an ancient town of the Sabines, in the neighbourhood of Rome.

[1707.]From Ovid: ‘Non opus est uerbis, credite rebus, ait.’

[1708.]From Livy: ‘paucis id quidem horis posse sciri, quantum ceteris praestet Lucretia sua.’

[1711.]‘That pleases me.’ Ovid: ‘Dicta placent’; l. 736.

[1715.]Cf. ‘And knew the estres bet than dide this John’; C. T., A 4295 (Reves Tale); and see Kn. Ta., A 1971; also, in particular, the Romaunt of the Rose, 1448, where the F. text has l’estre (shewing where Ch. found the word); see vol. i. p. 153.

We may explain estres by ‘inner premises’ of a house or building. Godefroy’s O. Fr. Dict. gives numerous examples. Cotgrave gives the verb estre, to be; whence the sb. estre, a being, substance, state; and then cites: ‘les estres d’une maison, the inward conveyances, private windings and turnings within, entries into, issues out of, a house.’ The word is very common in Old French, and not uncommon in Middle English. Gower even has the sing. estre in the sense of ‘state’; C. A. i. 272. Cf. F. ‘il sait tous les êtres de cette maison.’

For all this, the old editions turned the form into efters, and Bell follows them! Moreover, eftures is gravely quoted in Halliwell’s Dictionary, with a reference to Sir T. Malory. The passage is:—‘Pleaseth it you to see the eftures of this castle?’ bk. xix. c. 7 (p. 444 in the Globe edition). Here eftures is a mere misprint (in Caxton’s original edition) for estres, due to reading the long s (f) as an f. Efters and Eftures are mere ‘ghost-words,’ the products of ignorance.

[1716, 7.]‘Tecta petunt; custos in fore nullus erat’; l. 738.

[1720.]Dischevele, with hair hanging loose. Malice, evil.

[1721.]‘Ante torum calathi lanaque mollis erat’; l. 742. Of course ‘our book’ means Ovid; yet Thynne reads ‘saith Liui.’

[1729.]A fine line; but I think Chaucer has wholly misunderstood l. 752 of the original.

[1732-9.]

• ‘Desinit in lacrimas, intentaque fila remittit,
• in gremium uultum deposuitque suum.
• Hoc ipsum decuit: lacrimae decuere pudicae,
• et facies animo dignaque parque fuit’; l. 755.

[1740-3.]‘Pone metum, ueni, coniux ait. Illa reuixit.’

[1745-55.]Six lines in Ovid; ll. 761-6.

[1757.]‘Iam dederat cantus lucis praenuntius ales’; l. 767.

[1759-71.]Twelve lines in Ovid; ll. 769-80.

[1765.]Al to-shake, wholly tossed about; see l. 962.

[1771.]‘Or a wicked inclination, with malice.’ ‘The original meaning (as of talento in Italian, talante in Spanish) was will, inclination, from talentum (τάλαντον), balance, scales, and then inclination of balance.’—Trench, Select Glossary, s. v. Talent.

[1773.]‘Audentes Forsque deusque iuuant.’ We say, ‘Fortune favours the bold.’ Cf. ‘Audentes fortuna iuuat’; Verg. Æn. x. 284; ‘Audentes deus ipse iuuat’; Ovid, Met. x. 586.

[1774.]‘Whatever the event may be, my resolve is taken.’ ‘Audebimus ultima, dixit’; l. 781.

[1775.]Girt, girdeth; pr. t. So rit, rideth, in l. 1776.

[1780.]Halke, corner, hiding-place; as in Sec. Non. Ta. G 311.

[1781.]Gan he stalke, he moved stealthily; as in Clerk. Ta. E 525. It is remarkable that Shakespeare uses the same word in his Lucrece, l. 365:—‘Into the chamber wickedly he stalks.’ Prof. Corson notices its use by Gower; see Pauli’s edition, vol. i. pp. 72, 187; ii. 256, 346, 347, 353, 360.

[1798.]‘Parua sub infesto quum iacet agna lupo’; l. 800.

[1800-3.]Cf. Fast. ii. 801, 2:—

• ‘Quid faciat? Pugnet? uincetur femina pugna;
• Clamet? at in dextra, qui uetet, ensis erat.’

[1812-26.]These lines are original, and breathe the spirit of chivalry.

[1827-36.]Eight lines in Ovid; 815, 816; 813, 814; 817-20.

[1838-46.]This passage is original.

[1847-53.]Compare Ovid, 829, 830. But Chaucer here follows Livy, who has: ‘Dant ordine omnes fidem; consolantur aegram animi, auertendo noxam ab coacta in auctorem delicti; mentem peccare, non corpus; et unde consilium afuerit, culpam abesse.’ Cf. Gower, C. A. iii. 261.

[1856-60.]Two lines in Ovid; 833, 834:—

• ‘Tunc quoque, iam moriens, ne non procumbat honeste,
• respicit. Haec etiam cura cadentis erat.’

[1861.]Chaucer here tells the tale more succinctly. Ll. 1864-5 answer to ll. 849, 850 in Ovid; l. 1866 answers to l. 847 and l. 1869 to l. 852. The rest is, practically, all Chaucer’s own.

[1871.]This canonisation of Lucretia is strikingly medieval. It was evidently suggested by the fact that Ovid gives her story under a particular date, so that she seemed to have her own day, like a saint. Cf. note to l. 1680.

[1880.]Probably the syllables That in Is- form the first foot of the line. Otherwise, Israel is dissyllabic.

[1881.]The reference must be to the Syro-phenician woman; Matt. xv. 28; Mark, vii. 29. But it may be feared that Chaucer was really thinking of the centurion; Matt. viii. 10; Luke, vii. 9. Read he ne as he n’.

[1883, 4.]As of, in the case of. Alday, always; F. toujours. ‘Let whoever wishes (it) test them.’

[1886.]‘O Minos, king of Crete, judge in the infernal regions, now comes thy lot, now comest thou into the ring (concourse).’ In l. 1894 we again have mention of Minos, king of Crete; which looks as if Chaucer has confused the two kings of this name. The ‘infernal judge’ was, however, the grandfather of the second Minos; at least, such is the usual account. The mention of ‘the lot’ in connection with Minos looks as if Chaucer was thinking of Vergil’s lines, Æn. vi. 431, 2:—

• ‘Nec uero hae sine sorte datae, sine iudice sedes.
• Quaesitor Minos urnam mouet.’

Cf. also Æn. vi. 22:—‘stat ductis sortibus urna.’