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ON BARRENNESS. - Hippocrates, The Writings of Hippocrates and Galen [1846]

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The Writings of Hippocrates and Galen. Epitomised from the Original Latin translations, by John Redman Coxe (Philadelphia: Lindsay and Blakiston, 1846).

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ON BARRENNESS.

DE STERILIBUS,FŒSIUS, Treat. vii. p. 675.
DE STERILIBUS,HALLER, iii. p. 383.
TRAITÉ DES FEMMES STÉRILES,GARDEIL, iv. p. 295.

Much of this treatise on sterility seems to be transcribed verbatim from the books “De Morbis Muliebribus.” Some few novelties and singularities are introduced, and some unimportant experiments relating to the certainty of conception.

The treatise consists of an attempt to explain why sterility is sometimes absolute; and occasionally is removed by the power of medicine. Five different causes are assigned. The os uteri wrongly situated, and firmly closed; the lubricity of the uterus preventing the retention of the seed; ulceration of the body of the uterus, consequent to some of the diseases that have been mentioned; retention of the menses partially, productive of effects opposed to conception; and too great laxity of the orifice of the uterus, precluding the retention of the seed. All these causes are considered and explained; and the writer then proceeds to state, that when menstruation is altogether defective, or not sufficiently abundant, conception cannot ensue. That superabundant menstruation is equally unpropitious; as is a prolapsus of the uterus; and a metastasis of the menses to the hemorrhoidal vessels. Until the causes producing these effects are remedied, conception is impossible, and as they are so numerous, the sterile state of so many females is by no means surprising.

To these succeed an account of the means by which may be ascertained, whether a female will become pregnant. Means of ascertaining the state of actual pregnancy, and of what sex is the embryo. Approved means for procuring conception, and of the remedies to be used in the cases of sterility noticed in the beginning. Circumstances favourable to conception and the preservation of the germ. Among the means prescribed for remedying sterility, one consists of fumigating (after some previous measures) the uterus for two days, with putrid female urine mixed with nitre, and substituting that of the cow on the third day; after some further measures, the os uteri is to be opened by means of five leaden sounds, of eight fingers’ breadth long, and each successively larger than the preceding, to be introduced after bathing, beginning with the smallest, each being retained one day. After the mouth of the uterus is hereby enlarged, a pessary is passed up to cleanse it, made of five cantharides, powdered, and mixed with other ingredients, and incorporated by means of honey, with wool! In one case the cause is affirmed to be a membrane that occasionally forms at the mouth of the uterus. Its treatment by a pessary containing rust of copper is mentioned. In a form of the disease stated, we are told that if we think proper, we can use in fumigation, the rust of wheat, and the tar-water daily; and towards the conclusion, when speaking of the complete protrusion of the uterus, when other mentioned means have failed, the bottom of the uterus is to be incised, to disgorge its vessels; and after bathing it with decoction of the pine, the woman is to be suspended, head downwards, and to be shaken, whilst the uterus is pushed back!