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Collection: Goodrich Seminar Room
Subject Area: Literature
Subject Area: Religion

ABBREVIATIONS - Misc (Rigveda), A Vedic Reader for Students [1917]

Edition used:

A Vedic Reader for Students, by Arthur Anthony MacDonnell. Containing Thirty Hymns of the Rigveda in the original Samhita and Pada Texts, with Transliteration, Translation, Explanatory Notes, Introduction, Vocabulary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1917).

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ABBREVIATIONS

a. = adjective. A. = accusative. Ā = Ātmanepada, middle voice. AA. = Aitareya Āraṇyaka. ab. = ablative. acc. = accusative. act. = active. adv. = adverb, adverbial. ao. = aorist. Arm. = Armenian. Av. = Avesta, Avestic. Bv. = Bahuvrīhi compound. cd. = compound. cj. = conjunction. cog. = cognate. corr. = correlative. cpv. = comparative. cs. = causative. D. = dative. dat. = dative. dec. = declension. dem. = demonstrative. den. = denominative. der. = derivative. Dv. = Dvandva compound. ds. = desiderative. du. = dual. emph. = emphatic, emphasizing. enc. = enclitic. Eng. = English. f. = feminine. ft. = future. G. = genitive. gd. = gerund. gdv. = gerundive. gen. = genitive. Gk. = Greek. Go. = Gothic. gov. = governing compound. I. = instrumental. ij. = interjection. ind. = indicative. indec. = indeclinable. inf. = infinitive. inj. = injunctive. inst. = instrumental. int. = intensive. inter. = interrogative. ipf. = imperfect. ipv. = imperative. irr. = irregular. itv. = iterative. K. = Karmadhāraya compound. m. = masculine. mid. = middle. L. = locative. Lat. = Latin. lc. = locative. Lith. = Lithuanian. N. = nominative. n. = neuter. neg. = negative. nm. = numeral. nom. = nominative. OG. = Old German. OI. = Old Irish. OP. = Old Persian. op. = optative. ord. = ordinal. OS. = Old Saxon. OSl. = Old Slavonic. P. = Parasmaipada, active voice. pcl. = particle. pf. = perfect. pl. = plural. poss. = possessive. pp. = past passive participle. ppf. = pluperfect. pr. = present. prn. = pronoun. proh. = prohibitive. prp. = preposition. prs. = person, personal. ps. = passive. pt. = participle. red. = reduplicated. ref. = reflexive. rel. = relative. rt. = root. s. = singular. sb. = subjunctive. sec. = secondary. sf. = suffix. Slav. = Slavonic. spv. = superlative. syn. = syntactical. Tp. = Tatpuruṣa compound. V. = vocative. vb. = verb, verbal. voc. = vocative. YV. = Yajurveda.

  • a, prn. root that in á-tas, á-tra, á-tha, a-smái, a-syá.
  • aṃś attain, v. aśnóti, aśnuté: see aś.
  • áṃh-as, n. distress, trouble, ii. 33, 2 3; iii. 59, 2; vii. 71, 5.
  • ak-tú, m. ointment; beam of light; (clear night, x. 14, 9 [añj anoint].
  • akṣ-á, m. die for playing, pl. dice, x. 34, 2. 4. 6. 7. 13 [perhaps eye = spot].
  • akṣ-án, n. eye (weak stem of ákṣi), x. 127, 1.
  • á-kṣīya-māṇa, pr. pt. ps. unfailing, i. 154, 4 [2. kṣi destroy].
  • akhkhalī-kṛ́tyā, gd. having made a croak, vii. 103, 3.
  • Ag-ní, m. fire, ii. 12, 3; iii. 59, 5; viii. 48, 6; x. 34, 11; god of fire, Agni, i. 1-7, 9; 35, 1; ii. 35, 15; v. 11, 1-6; vii. 49, 4; x. 15, 9. 12; 90, 13 [Lat. ig-ni-s, Slav. og-nĭ].
  • agni-dagdhá, Tp. cd. burnt with fire, x. 15, 14 [pp. of dah burn].
  • agní-dūta, a. (Bv.) having Agni as a messenger, x. 14, 13.
  • agni-ṣvāttá, cd. Tp. consumed by fire, x. 15, 11 [pp. of svād taste well].
  • ág-ra, n. front; beginning; top, x. 135, 6; lc. ágre in the beginning, x. 129. 3. 4.
  • agra-tás, adv. in the beginning, x. 90, 7.
  • a-ghn-yá̄, f. cow, v. 83, 8 [gdv. not to be slain, from han slay].
  • aṅkuś-ín, a. having a hook, hooked, attractive, x. 34, 7 [aṅkuśá hook].
  • 1. áṅg-a, n. limb, ii. 33, 9.
  • 2. aṅgá, emphatic pcl. just, only, i. 1, 6; x. 129, 7 [180].
  • áṅgāra, m. coal, x. 34, 9.
  • Áṅgira, m. name of an ancient seer, iv. 51, 4.
  • Áṅgiras, m. pl. name of a group of ancestors, v. 11, 6; x. 14, 3. 4. 5. 6; s., as an epithet of Agni, i. 1, 6; v. 11, 6 [Gk. ἄγγελο-ς ‘messenger’].
  • ac bend, I. P. ácati. úd-, draw up, v. 83, 8.
  • a-cakrá, a. (Bv.) wheelless, x. 135, 3.
  • á-cit, a. (K.) unthinking, thoughtless, vii. 86, 7.
  • a-cít-e, dat. inf. not to know, vii. 61, 5.
  • á-citti, f. (K.) thoughtlessness, vii. 86, 6.
  • a-citrá, n. darkness, obscurity, iv. 51, 3.
  • á-cyuta, pp. (K.) not overthrown, unshakable, i. 85, 4.
  • acyuta-cyút, a. (Tp.) moving the immovable, ii. 12, 9.
  • ácha, prp. with acc., unto, viii. 48, 6.
  • aj drive, I. P. ájati [Lat. ago ‘lead’, ‘drive’, Gk. ἄγω, ‘lead’].
    • á̄- drive up, vi. 54, 10.
    • úd- drive out, ii. 12, 3; iv. 50, 5.
  • ajá-māyu, a. (Bv.) bleating like a goat, vii. 103, 6. 10 [māyú, m. bleat].
  • a-jára, a. (K.) unaging, i. 160, 4 [jṝ waste away].
  • á-jasra, a. (K.) eternal, ii. 35, 8 [unfailing: jas be exhausted].
  • ajāví, m. pl. Dv. cd. goats and sheep, x. 90, 10 [ajá + ávi].
  • a-jur-yá, a. unaging, iv. 51, 6 [jur waste away].
  • añj, VII. P. anákti anoint; Ā. aṅkté anoint oneself, viii. 29, 1.
  • áñjas-ā, adv. straightway, vi. 54, 1 [inst. of áñjas ointment: = with gliding motion].
  • añj-í, n. ornament, i. 85, 3; viii. 29, 1 [añj anoint].
  • á-tas, adv. hence, x. 14, 9; = ab. from that, iv. 50, 3; than that, x. 90, 3.
  • ati-rātrá, a. (celebrated) overnight, vii. 103, 7 [rá̄trī night].
  • átka, m. robe, ii. 35, 14.
  • áty-etavái, dat. inf. to pass over, v. 83, 10 [áti + i go beyond].
  • á-tra, adv. here, i. 154, 6; ii. 35, 6.
  • á-trā, adv. then, vii. 103, 2; there, x. 135, 1.
  • Átri, m. an ancient sage, vii. 71, 5.
  • á-tha, adv. then; so, vi. 54, 7.
  • Áthar-van, m. pl. name of a group of ancient priests, x. 14, 6.
  • á-thā, adv. then, viii. 48, 6; x. 14, 10; 15, 4. 11; 129, 6; so, x. 127, 6.
  • átho, adv. and also, x. 90, 5 [átha + u].
  • ad,eat, II. P. átti, ii. 35, 7; x. 15, 8. 11. 12 [Lat. edo, Gk. ἔδω, Eng. eat].
  • á-dabdha, pp. (K.) uninjured, iv. 50, 2 [dabh harm].
  • Á-diti, f. name of a goddess, viii. 48, 2 [unbinding, freedom, from 3. dā bind].
  • ad-dhá̄, adv. truly, x. 129, 6 [in this manner: a-d this + dhā].
  • a-dyá, adv. to-day, i. 35, 11; iv. 51, 3-4; x. 14, 12; 127, 4; 135, 5; now, x. 15, 2 [perhaps = a-dyavi on this day].
  • á-dri, m. rock, i. 85, 5 [not splitting: dṛ pierce].
  • ádri-dugdha, Tp. cd. pressed out with stones, iv. 50, 3 [pp. of duh milk].
  • ádha-ra, a. lower, ii. 12, 4.
  • adhás, adv. below, x. 129, 5.
  • ádhi, prp. with lc., upon, i. 85, 7; v. 83, 9; vii. 103, 5; with ab. from, x. 90, 5.
  • ádhy-akṣa, m. eye-witness; surveyor, x. 129, 7 [having one’s eye upon].
  • adhvará, m. sacrifice, i. 1, 4. 8; iv. 51, 2.
  • adhvar-yú, m. officiating priest, vii. 103, 8.
  • a-dhvasmán, a. (Bv.) undimmed, ii. 35, 14 [having no darkening].
  • an breathe, II. P. ániti, x. 129, 2 [Go. an-an ‘breathe’].
  • án-agni-dagdha, pp. (K.) not burned with fire, x. 15, 14.
  • án-abhi-mlāta-varṇa, a. (Bv.) having an unfaded colour, ii. 35, 13.
  • á-naṣṭa-vedas, a. (Bv.) whose property is never lost, vi. 54, 8.
  • an-amīvá, a. (Bv.) diseaseless, iii. 59, 3; n. health, x. 14, 11 [ámīvā disease].
  • án-āgas, a. (Bv.) sinless, v. 83, 2; vii. 86, 7 [á̄gas sin; Gk. ἀν-αγής ‘innocent’].
  • an-idhmá, a. (Bv.) having no fuel, ii. 35, 4.
  • á-nimiṣ-am, (acc.) adv. unwinkingly, vii. 61, 3 [ni-míṣ, f. wink].
  • á-nimiṣ-ā, (inst.) adv. with unwinking eye, iii. 59, 1 [ni-mís, f wink].
  • á-niviśamāna, pr. pt. A. unresting, vii. 49, 1 [ni + viś go to rest].
  • án-irā, f. (K.) languor, ailment, vii. 71, 2; viii. 48, 4 [írā, f. refreshment].
  • án-īka, n. face, ii. 35, 11 [an breathe].
  • ánu, prp. with acc., along, x. 14, 1. 8; among, x. 14, 12.
  • anu-kāmám, (acc.) adv. according to desire, viii. 48, 8.
  • anu-déyī, f. equipment (?), x. 135, 5. 6 [f. gdv. of anu-dā to be handed over].
  • anu-paspaśāná, pf. pt. Ā. having spied out, x. 14, 1 [spaś spy].
  • anu-madyá-māna, pr. pt. ps. being greeted with gladness, vii. 63, 3.
  • anu-vénant, pr. pt. seeking the friendship of (acc.), x. 135, 2.
  • ánu-vrata, a. devoted, x. 34, 2 [acting according to the will (vratá) of another].
  • án-ṛta, n. (K.) falsehood, ii. 35, 6; vii. 61, 5; misdeed, wrong, 86, 6 [ṛtá right].
  • an-enás, a. (Bv.) guiltless, vii. 86, 4 [énas guilt].
  • ánta, m. end, iv. 50, 1; edge, proximity: lc. ánte near, x. 34, 16.
  • antár, prp. with lc., within, i. 35, 9; ii. 12, 3; 35, 7; iv. 51, 3; vii. 71, 5; 86, 2 (= in communion with); viii. 48, 2; among, viii. 29, 2. 3 [Lat. inter].
  • antári-kṣa, n. air, atmosphere, i. 35, 7. 11; ii. 12, 2; x. 90, 14; 168, 3 [situated between heaven and earth: kṣa = 1. kṣi dwell].
  • ánti-tas, adv. from near, iii. 59, 2 [ánti in front, near].
  • ándh-as, n. Soma plant; juice, i. 85, 6 [Gk. ἄνθ-ος ‘blossom’].
  • án-na, n. food, ii. 35, 5. 7. 10. 11. 14; pl. 12; x. 90, 2 [pp. of ad eat].
  • anyá, prn. a. other, ii. 35, 3. 8. 13; x. 34, 4. 10. 11. 14; 129, 2; with ab. = than, ii. 33, 11; anyó-anyá one-another, vii. 103, 3. 4. 5; anyé-anyé, anyá̄ḥ-anyá̄ḥ some-others, x. 14, 3; ii. 35, 3 [cp. Lat. aliu-s, Gk. ἄλλο-ς ‘other’].
  • áp, f. water, pl. N. á̄pas, ii. 35, 3. 4; vii. 49, 1. 22. 3. 4; 103, 2; A. apás, v. 83, 6; inst. adbhís, x. 14, 9; G. apá̄m, i. 85, 9; ii. 12, 7; 35, 1. 2. 3. 7. 9. 11. 13. 14; vii. 103, 4; x. 168, 3; L. apsú, ii. 35, 4. 5. 7. 8; vii. 103, 5 [Av. ap ‘water’].
  • apa-dhá̄, f. unclosing, ii. 12, 3.
  • ápa-bhartavái, dat. inf. to take away, x. 14, 2 [bhṛ bear].
  • apa-bhartṛ́, m. remover, ii. 33, 7 [bhṛ bear].
  • á-paśyant, pr. pt. (K.) not seeing, x. 135, 3.
  • ápas, n. work, i. 85, 9 [Lat. opus ‘work’].
  • apás, a. active, i. 160, 4.
  • apás-tama, spv. a. most active, i. 160, 4.
  • Apá̄ṃ nápāt, m. son of waters, name of a god, ii. 33, 13; 35, 1. 3. 7. 9.
  • ápi-hita, pp. covered, x. 129, 3 [dhā put].
  • apīc-yà, a. secret, ii. 35, 11 [apīc contraction of a presupposed api-añc].
  • a-praketá, a. (Bv.) indistinguishable, x. 129, 3 [praketá perception].
  • á-pratīta, pp. (K.) irresistible, iv. 50, 9 [prati + pp. of i go].
  • a-pramṛśyá, gdv. not to be forgotten, ii. 35, 6 [mṛś touch].
  • á-budhya-māna, pr. pt. unawakening, iv. 51, 3 [budh wake].
  • abhi-kṣipánt, pr. pt. lashing, v. 83, 3.
  • abhí-tas, adv. on all sides, iv. 50, 3; with acc., around, vii. 103, 7.
  • abhimāt-ín, m. adversary, i. 85, 3 [abhímāti, f. hostility].
  • abhí-vṛṣṭa, pp. rained upon, vii. 103, 4.
  • abhiṣṭí-dyumna, a. (Bv.) splendid in help, iv. 51, 7 [dyumná, n. splendour].
  • abhíṣṭi-śavas, a. (Bv.) strong to help, iii. 59, 8 [śávas, n. might].
  • abhīti, f. attack, ii. 33, 5 [abhí + ití].[ ]
  • abhí̄-vṛta, pp. adorned, i. 35, 4 [1. vṛ cover].
  • á-bhv-a, a. monstrous; n. force, ii. 33, 10; monster, iv. 51, 9 [non-existent, monstrous: -bhū be].
  • á-manya-māna, pr. pt. Ā. not thinking = unexpecting, ii. 12, 10 [man think].
  • á-martya, a. (K.) immortal, viii. 48, 12; f. ā, x. 127, 2.
  • a-mítra, m. (K.) enemy, ii. 12, 8 [mitrá friend].
  • ámīta-varṇa, a. (Bv.) of unchanged colour, iv. 51, 9.
  • ámī-vā, f. disease, i. 35, 9; ii. 33, 2; vii. 71, 2; viii. 48, 11 [am harm, 3. s. ámī-ti].
  • amu-y-á̄, inst. adv. in this way, so, x. 135, 2 [inst. f. of amú this used in the inflexion of ayám].
  • á-mūra, a. (K.) wise, vii. 61, 5 [not foolish: mūrá].
  • a-mṛ́ta, a. immortal; m. immortal being, i. 35, 2; vii. 63, 5; viii. 48, 32; n. what is immortal, i. 35, 6; x. 90, 3; immortality, x. 129, 2 [not dead, mṛtá, pp. of mṛ die; cp. Gk. ἄμβροτος ‘immortal’].
  • amṛta-tvá, n. immortality, x. 90, 2.
  • ámbh-as, n. water, x. 129, 1.
  • á-yajvan, m. (K.) non-sacrificer, vii. 61, 4.
  • a-y-ám, dem. prn. N. s. m. this, iii. 59, 4; vii. 86, 3. 8; viii. 48, 10; x. 34, 13 (= here); he, i. 160, 4; x. 135, 7.
  • a-yá̄s, a. nimble, i. 154, 6 [not exerting oneself: yās = yas heat oneself].
  • a-rapás, a. (Bv.) unscathed, ii. 33, 6; x. 15, 4 [rápas, n. infirmity, injury].
  • áraṃ-kṛta, pp. well-prepared, x. 14, 13 [made ready].
  • ár-am, adv. in readiness; with kṛ do service to (dat.), vii. 86, 7.
  • á-rāti, f. hostility, ii. 35, 6; iv. 50, 11; viii. 48, 3; x. 34, 14 [non-giving, niggardliness, enmity].
  • a-rí, m. niggard, enemy, gen. aryás, ii. 12, 4. 5; iv. 50, 11; viii. 48, 8 [having no wealth: ri = rai; 1. indigent; 2. niggardly].
  • á-riṣṭa, pp. (K.) uninjured, vi. 54, 7 [riṣ injure].
  • ar-uṇá, a. f. í̄, ruddy, x. 15, 7; n. ruddy hue, x. 168, 1.
  • ar-uṣá, a. ruddy, i. 85, 5; vii. 71, 1.
  • a-reṇú, a. (Bv.) dustless, i. 35, 11 [reṇú m. dust].
  • ark-á, m. song, i. 85, 2; x. 15, 9 [arc sing].
  • arc sing, praise, I. árcati. sám-, praise universally. pf. ānṛcé, i. 160, 4.
  • árc-ant, pr. pt., singing, i. 85, 2; viii. 29, 10.
  • arṇa-vá, a. waving, viii. 63, 2; m. flood, i. 85, 9.
  • ár-tha, n. goal, vii. 63, 4 [what is gone for: ṛ go].
  • arth-ín, a. greedy, x. 127, 5 [having an object, needy].
  • ar-páya, cs. of ṛ go. úd- raise up, ii. 33, 4.
  • aryá, a. noble, vii. 86, 7; x. 34, 13; m. lord, ii. 35, 2.
  • Arya-mán, m. name of one of the Ādityas, vii. 63, 6.
  • ár-vant, m. steed, ii. 33, 1; vii. 54, 5 [speeding: ṛ go].
  • arvá̄k, adv. hither, x. 15, 4. 9; afterwards, x. 129, 6.
  • arvá̄ñc, a. hitherward, i. 35, 10; v. 83, 6.
  • árh-ant, pr. pt. worthy, ii. 33, 103.
  • av help, I. P. ávati, i. 85, 7; ii. 12, 14; 35, 15; iv. 50, 9. 11; vii. 49, 1-4; 61, 2; x. 15, 1. 5; quicken, v. 83, 4.
  • ava-tá, m. well, i. 85, 10; iv. 50, 3 [áva down].
  • a-vadyá, n. blemish, x. 14, 8 [gdv. not to be praised, blameworthy].
  • avá-ni, f. river, v. 11, 5 [áva down].
  • ava-páśyant, pr. pt. looking down on (acc.), vii. 49, 3.
  • ava-má, spv. a. lowest; nearest, ii. 35, 12; latest, vii. 71, 3 [áva down].
  • ava-yātṛ́, m. appeaser, viii. 48, 2.
  • áva-ra, cpv. a. lower, x. 15, 1; nearer, ii. 12, 8 [áva down].
  • áv-as, n. help, i. 35, 1; 85, 11; ii. 12, 9; iii. 59, 6; x. 15, 4 [av help].
  • ava-sá̄na, n. resting place, x. 14, 9 [unbinding, giving rest: áva + sā = si tie].
  • avás-tāt, adv. below, x. 129, 5.
  • avas-yú, a. desiring help, iv. 50, 9.
  • a-vātá, a. (Bv.) windless, x. 129, 2 [vá̄ta wind].
  • av-i-tṛ́, m. helper, ii. 12, 6.
  • a-ví̄ra, a. (Bv.) sonless, vii. 61, 4 [vīrá hero].
  • a-vṛká, a. (K.) friendly, x. 15, 1 [not harming: vṛ́ka wolf].
  • a-vyathyá, gdv. immovable, ii. 35, 5 [vyath waver].
  • aś reach,obtain, V. aśnóti, aśnuté, i. 1, 3; 85, 2; ii. 33, 2. 6; iii. 59, 2; vii, 103, 9.
  • abhí-attain to (acc.), i. 154, 5.
  • áś-man, m. rock, ii. 12, 3 [Av. asman ‘stone’; Gk. ἄκμων ‘anvil’].
  • áś-va, m. horse, ii. 12, 7; 35, 6; iv. 51, 5; v. 83, 3. 6; vii. 71, 3. 5; x. 34, 3. 11; 90, 10 [Lat. equu-s ‘horse’, Gk. ἵππο-ς, OS. ēhu].
  • áśva-magha, a. (Bv.) rich in horses, vii. 71, 1 [maghá bounty].
  • Aśv-ín, m. du. horsemen, name of the twin gods of dawn, vii. 71. 2. 3. 6.
  • aṣṭáu, nm. eight, i. 35, 8.
  • as be, II. P.: pr. 2. ási, i. 1, 4; ii. 12, 15; 33, 3; 3. ásti, ii. 12, 5; 33, 7. 10; vii. 71, 4; 86, 6; x. 34, 14; pl. 1. smási, vi. 54, 9; viii. 48, 9; 3. sánti, i. 85, 12; x. 90, 16; ipv. ástu, v. 11, 5; vii. 86, 82; x. 15, 2; sántu, vii. 63, 5; op. syá̄ma, iii. 59, 3; iv. 50, 6; 51, 10. 11; viii. 48, 12. 13; ipf. 3. á̄s, x. 129, 3; āsīt, x. 34, 2; 90, 6. 12. 14; 129, 14. 22. 32. 4. 52; á̄san, x. 90, 15. 16; 129, 52; pf. āsa, vii. 86, 4; x. 129, 2; á̄sur, iv. 51, 7.
    • ápi-be or remain in (lc.); syāma, iii. 59, 4; x. 14, 6.
    • pári be around,celebrate, 2. pl. stha, vii. 103, 7.
    • prá-be pre-eminent, ipv. astu, iii. 59, 2.
  • ás-at, pr. pt. n. the non-existent, x. 129, 1. 4.
  • a-saścát, a. (Bv.) inexhaustible, i. 160, 2 [having no second, saścát: sac follow].
  • ás-ita, (pp.) a. black, iv. 51, 9.
  • á-saṃmṛṣṭa, pp. (K.) uncleansed, v. 11. 3 [mṛj wipe].
  • ás-u, m. life, x. 14, 12; 15, 1 [1. as exist].
  • asu-tṛ́p, a. (Tp.) life-stealing, x. 14, 12 [tṛp delight in].
  • ásu-nīti, f. spirit-guidance, x. 15, 14.
  • ásu-ra, m. divine spirit, i. 35, 7. 10; v. 83, 6 [Av. ahura].
  • asur-yà, n. divine dominion, ii. 33, 9; 35, 2.
  • asūyánt, pr. pt. displeased, resentful, x. 135, 2.
  • ás-ta, n. home, abode, x. 14, 8; 34, 10.
  • asmá, prn. stem of 1. prs. pl.; A. asmá̄n us, viii. 48, 3. 11; x. 15, 5; D. asmábhyàm to us, i. 85, 12; x. 14, 12; asmé to us, i. 160, 5; ii. 33, 12; Ab. asmád from us, ii. 33, 2; vii. 71, 1. 2; than us, ii. 33, 11; G. asmá̄kam of us, vi. 54, 6; L. asmé in or on us, ii. 35, 4; iv. 50, 10. 11; viii. 48, 10; asmá̄su on us, iv. 51, 10.
  • a-smín, L. of prn. root a, in this, ii. 35, 14; iv. 50, 10; x. 14, 5.
  • á-smera, a. (K.) not smiling, ii. 35, 4.
  • a-smái, D. of prn. root a, to him, ii. 35, 5. 12; for him, x. 14, 9; unaccented, asmai to or for him, ii. 12, 5. 13; 35, 2. 10; vi. 54, 4; vii. 63, 5; x. 14, 9. 11.
  • a-syá, G. of prn. root a, of this, ii. 33, 9; x. 129, 6; 168, 2; unaccented, asya his, of him, its, of it, i. 35, 7; 154, 5; 160, 3; ii. 12, 13; 35, 2. 6. 8. 11; iv. 50, 2; vi. 54, 3; vii. 86, 1; viii. 48, 12; x. 34, 4. 6; 90, 33. 4. 6. 122. 15; 129, 7; 135, 7; 168, 1.
  • ás-yant, pr. pt. scattering, x. 168, 1 [as throw].
  • a-syái, D. f. of prn. root a, to that, ii. 33, 5.
  • ah say: pf. 3. pl. āhur, ii. 12, 5; v. 11, 6; vii. 86, 3; x. 34, 4.
  • áha, emphasizing pcl., indeed, i. 154, 6; v. 83, 3; vii. 103, 2.
  • áhan, n. day, viii. 48, 7; x. 129, 2.
  • ahám, prs. prn., I, viii. 86, 7; x. 15, 3; 34, 2. 3. 12.
  • áhar, n. day, vii. 103, 7.
  • áhas, n. day, x. 168, 3.
  • a-hastá, a. (Bv.) handless, x. 34, 9.
  • áh-i, m. serpent, ii. 12, 3. 11 [Av. aži, Gk. ἔχι-ς ‘viper’, Lat. angui-s].
  • á-hṛṇāna, pr. pt. Ā. free from wrath [hṛ be angry].
  • Ā, prp. with ab. from, ii. 35, 2; iv. 50, 3; 51, 10; with L., in, i. 85, 4; ii. 35, 7. 8; iii. 59, 3; viii. 48, 6.
  • á̄, pcl. quite, very, ii. 12, 15; with D., viii. 48, 4.
  • á̄-gata, pp. come, vii. 103, 3. 9 [gam go].
  • á̄-gam-iṣṭha, a. spv. coming most gladly, x. 15, 3.
  • á̄g-as, n. sin, vii. 86, 4; x. 15, 6 [cp. Gk. ἄγος ‘guilt’].
  • á̄c-ya, gd. bending, x. 15, 6 [á̄ + ac bend].
  • á̄-jāta, pp. produced, x. 129, 6 [jan generate].
  • á̄j-ya, n. melted butter, x. 90, 6 [á̄-añj anoint].
  • āṇí, m. axle-end, i. 35, 6.
  • á̄-tata, pp. extended, x. 135, 6 [tan stretch].
  • ā-tasthivá̄ṃs, red. pf. pt. having mounted, ii. 12, 8 [á̄ + sthā stand].
  • āt-mán, m. breath, x. 168, 4 [Old Saxon āthom ‘breath’].
  • Ādityá, m. son of Aditi, iii. 59, 2. 3. 5.
  • āp obtain, V. P. āpnóti; pf. āpa, iv. 51, 7 [Lat. ap-iscor ‘reach’, ap-ere ‘seize’].
  • ā-bhis, I. pl. f. of prn. root a, with these, v. 83, 1.
  • ā-bhú, a. coming into being, x. 129, 3.
  • āmá, a. raw, unbaked, ii. 35, 6 [Gk. ὠμὅ-ς ‘raw’].
  • ā-yat-í̄, pr. pt. f. coming, x. 127, 1. 3 [á̄ + i go].
  • āyas-á, a. f. í̄, made of iron, viii. 29, 3 [áyas iron].
  • āy-ú, a. active; m. living being, mortal, iii. 59, 9 [i go].
  • á̄-yudh-a, n. weapon, viii.29, 5 [á̄ + yudh fight].
  • á̄y-us, n. span of life, vii. 103, 10; viii. 48, 4. 7. 10. 11; x. 14, 14 [activity: i go].
  • āraṇyá, a. belonging to the forest, x. 90, 8 [áraṇya].
  • ā-róhant, pr. pt. scaling, ii. 12, 12 [ruh mount].
  • āvís, adv. in view, with kṛ, make manifest, v. 83, 3.
  • āś-ú, a. swift, vii. 71, 5 [Gk. ὠκύ-ς].
  • āśu-héman, a. (Bv.), of swift impulse, ii. 35, 1.
  • ā-sām, gen. pl. f. of the prn. root a, of them, iv. 51, 6.
  • á̄s-īna, irr. pr. pt. Ā., sitting, x. 15, 7 [ās sit].
  • á̄-hita, pp. placed in (lc.), viii. 29, 4; x. 14, 16; with sám placed upon (lc.), x. 135, 4 [dhā put].
  • á̄-huta, pp. to whom offering is made, v. 11, 3.
  • I go, II. P. émi, x. 34, 5; éti, iv. 50, 8; x. 34, 6; 168, 12; yánti, vii. 49, 1; approach (acc.), viii. 48, 10; áyan, pr. sb. pass, vii. 61, 4; attain, vii. 63, 4; pf. īyúr, x. 15, 1. 2.
    • ánu-go after, vi. 54, 5; follow (acc.), viii. 63, 5.
    • ápa-go away, x. 14, 9.
    • abhí-come upon. ipf. á̄yan, vii. 103, 2.
    • áva-appease: op. iyām, vii. 86, 4.
    • á̄-come, ii. 33, 1; v. 83, 6; go to, x. 14, 8.
    • úpa á̄-come to (acc.), i. 1, 7.
    • úd-rise, vii. 61, 1; 63, 1-4; ipf. ait, x. 90, 4.
    • úpa-approach, vii. 86, 3; 103, 3; x. 14, 10; 34, 10; flow to, ii. 35, 3.
    • párā-pass away, pf. īyúr, x. 14, 2. 7.
    • pári-surround, ii. 35, 4. 9.
    • prá-go forth, i. 154, 3; x. 14, 7.
    • ánu prá-go forth after, vi. 54, 6.
    • ví-disperse, x. 14, 9.
    • sám-flow together, ii. 35, 3; unite, vii, 103, 2.
  • ichá-māna, pr. pt. Ā. desiring, x. 34, 10 [iṣ wish].
  • i-tás, adv. from here, x. 135, 4.
  • í-ti, pcl. thus, ii. 12, 52; vi. 54, 1. 2; x. 34, 6 [180].
  • it-thá̄, adv. thus, ii. 35, 11; truly, i. 154, 5 [id + thā; 180].
  • í-d, emphasizing pcl. just, even, i. l, 4. 6; 85, 8; 154, 3; ii. 35, 8. 10; iv. 50, 7. 8; 51, 9; vii. 86, 3. 6; x. 14, 16; 34, 5. 7. 8. 13; 127, 3 [Lat. id: 180].
  • í-d-ám, dem. prn. n. this, i. 154, 3; ii. 12, 14; 33, 10; iv. 51, 1; v. 11, 5; x. 14, 15; 15, 2; 90, 2; 129, 3; 135, 7; this world, v. 83, 9; = here, vi. 54, 1 [111].
  • í-dá̄nīm, adv. now, i. 35, 7.
  • idh kindle, VII. Ā. inddhé.
    • sám-kindle, 3. pl. indhate, ii. 35, 11; pf. īdhiré, v. 11, 2.
  • ídh-má, m. fuel, x. 90, 6 [idh kindle].
  • índ-u, m. drop, Soma, viii. 48, 2. 4. 8. 12. 13. 15; pl. iv. 50, 10; viii. 48, 5.
  • Índra, m. name of a god, i. 85, 9; ii. 12, 1-15; iv. 50, 10. 11; v. 11, 2; vii. 49, 1; viii. 48, 2. 10; x. 15, 10; 90, 13.
  • indr-iyá, n. might of Indra, i. 85, 2 [Índra].
  • i-nv go, I. P. ínvati [secondary root from i go according to class v.: i-nu].
    • sam-bring, i. 160, 5.
  • imá, dem. prn. stem, this, A. m. imám, ii. 35, 2; x. 14, 4; 15, 6; N. m. pl. imé, vi. 54, 2; viii. 48, 5; n. imá̄, ii. 12, 3; x. 15, 4; imá̄ni, vii. 61, 6; 71, 6 [111].
  • i-y-ám, dem. prn. f. this, v. 11, 5; vii. 61, 7; 71, 62; x. 129, 6. 7 [111].
  • írā, f. nurture, v. 83, 4.
  • ír-iṇa, n. dice-board, x. 34, 1. 9.
  • ír-ya, a. watchful, vi. 54, 8.
  • i-va, enc. pcl. like, i. 1, 9; 85, 5. 82; ii. 12, 4. 5; 33, 6; 35, 5. 13; iv. 51, 2; v. 11, 5; 83, 3; vii. 63, 1; 103, 52; viii. 29, 8; 48, 42. 6. 72; x. 34, 1. 3. 5. 8; 127, 7. 8 [180].
  • iṣ-irá, a. devoted, viii. 48, 7.
  • iṣṭá-vrata, a. (Bv.) accordant with desired ordinances, iii. 59, 9.
  • iṣṭā-pūrtá, n. (Dv.) sacrifice and good works, x. 14, 8 [iṣ-ṭā, pp. du. of yaj sacrifice + pūrtá, pp. of pṝ fill, bestowed].
  • i-há, adv. here, i. 1, 2; 35, 1. 6; ii. 35, 13. 15; vi. 54, 9; vii. 49, 1. 2. 3. 4; x. 14, 5. 12; 15, 3. 5. 7. 11. 132; 90, 4; 129, 6.
  • íḷā, f. consecrated food, iv. 50, 8.
  • ī go, IV. Ā. í̄yate, x. 168, 2; approach, īmahe, vi. 54, 8.
    • antár-go between (acc.), i. 35, 9; 160, 1.
  • īj-āná, pf. pt. Ā. (of yaj), sacrificer, iv. 51, 7.
  • īḍ praise, II. Ā., í̄ḷe, i. 1, 1.
  • í̄ḍ-ya, gdv. praiseworthy, i. 1, 2 [īḍ praise].
  • īm, enc. pcl. (acc. of prn. i), i. 85, 11; ii. 12, 5; 33, 132; 35, 1; vii. 103, 3 [180].
  • í̄ya-māna, pr. pt. Ā. going, x. 168, 3 [ī go].
  • īr stir,set in motion, II. Ā. í̄rte.
    • ánu sáṃ prá-speed on together after, x. 168, 2.
    • úd-arise, x. 15, 1; v. 83, 3.
    • prá-, cs. īráya, utter forth, ii. 33. 8.
  • īś be master of,overpower, II. Ā. í̄ṣṭe, with gen., viii. 48, 14.
  • í̄ś-āna, pr. pt. Ā. ruling over, disposing of (gen.), vi. 54, 8; x. 90, 2; m. ruler, ii. 33, 9.
  • īṣ more, I. í̄ṣati, -te, from (ab.), v. 83, 2.
  • īḷ-itá, pp. implored, x. 15, 12 [īḍ praise].
  • U, enc. pcl. now, also, i. 35, 6; 154, 4; ii. 33, 9; 35, 10. 15; iv. 51, 1. 2; v. 83, 102; vi. 54, 3; vii. 61, 6; 63, 1. 2; 86, 3. 8; viii. 48, 3; x. 14, 2; 15, 3; 127, 32; 129, 12 [180].
  • uk-thá, n. recitation, iv. 51, 7 [vac speak].
  • 1. ukṣsprinkle, VI. ukṣáti, -te, x. 90, 7.
    • pra-besprinkle, x. 90, 7.
  • 2. ukṣgrow.
  • ukṣ-itá, pp. grown strong, i. 85, 2 [2. ukṣ = vakṣ grow].
  • ug-rá, a. mighty, ii. 33, 9; x. 34, 8; fierce, terrible, ii. 33, 11; viii. 29, 5.
  • uchánt, pr. pt. shining, iv. 51, 2 [1. vas shine].
  • u-tá, pcl. and, i. 85, 5; 154, 4; ii. 12, 5; 35, 11; iii. 59, 1; iv. 50, 9; v. 83, 22. 10; vi. 54, 6; vii. 63, 5; 86, 2; viii. 48, 1. 5. 8. 14; x. 34, 2; 90, 2; utá vā, vii. 49, 22; = and, viii. 48, 15 [180].
  • utó, pcl. and also, x. 168, 1 [utá + u].
  • út-tara, cpv. a. upper, i. 154, 1 [úd up].
  • út-sa, m. spring, i. 85, 11; 154, 5 [ud wet].
  • ud wet, VII. P. unátti, undánti [cp. Lat. und-a ‘wave’].
    • ví-moisten, drench, i. 85, 5; v. 83, 8.
  • ud-án, n. water, i. 85, 5 [Go. watō ‘water’].
  • udan-vánt, a. water-laden, v. 83, 7.
  • úd-ita, pp. risen, vii. 63, 5 [i go].
  • udumbalá, a. brown (?), x. 14, 12.
  • ud-vát, f. upward path, i. 35, 3; height, v. 83, 7; x. 127, 2 [úd up + sf. vat].
  • upa-kṣiyánt, pr. pt. abiding by (acc.), iii. 59, 3 [kṣi dwell].
  • upa-má, spv. a. highest, viii. 29, 9.
  • upa-yánt, pr. pt. approaching, ii. 33, 12 [i go].
  • úpa-ra, cpv. a. later, x. 15, 2 [Av. upara ‘upper’, Gk. ὕπερο-ς ‘pestle’, Lat. s-uperu-s ‘upper’].
  • upári, adv. upward, x. 34, 9; above, x. 129, 5 [Gk. ὑπέρ, ὑπείρ = ὑπέρι, Lat. s-uper, Old High German ubir ‘over’].
  • úpa-śrita, pp. impressed on (lc.), vii. 86, 8 [śri resort].
  • upa-sádya, gdv. to be approached, iii. 59, 5 [sád sit].
  • upá-stha, m. lap, i. 35, 5. 6; vii. 63, 3; x. 15, 7.
  • upa-hatnú, a. slaying, ii. 33, 11 [ha-tnu from han slay].
  • úpa-hūta, pp. invited, x. 15, 5 [hū call].
  • upārá, m. offence, vii. 86, 6 [upa + ara from ṛ go: striking upon, offence].
  • ubj force, VI. P., ubjáti.
    • nir-drive out, i. 85, 9.
  • ubhá, a. both, i. 35, 9; x. 14, 7 [cp. Lat. am-bo, Gk. ἄμ-ϕω ‘both’, Eng. bo-th].
  • ubhá-ya, a. pl. both, ii. 12, 8.
  • ubhayá̄-dat, a. having teeth on both jaws, x. 90, 10.
  • ur-ú, a., f. urv-í̄, wide, i. 85, 6. 7; 154, 2; vii. 61, 2; 86, 1; x. 127, 2 [Av. vouru, Gk. εὐρύ-ς].
  • uru-kramá, a. (Bv.) wide-striding, i. 154, 5 [kráma, m. stride].
  • uru-gāyá, a. (Bv.) wide-paced, i. 154, 1. 3. 6; viii. 29, 7 [-gāya gait from gā go].
  • uru-cákṣas, a. (Bv.) far-seeing, vii. 63, 4 [cákṣas, n. sight].
  • uru-vyácas, a. (Bv.) far-extending, i. 160, 2 [vyácas, n. extent].
  • uru-śáṃsa, a. (Bv.) far-famed. viii. 48, 4 [śáṃsa, m. praise].
  • uru-ṣyú, a. freedom-giving, viii. 48, 5 [from den. uru-ṣya put in wide space, rescue].
  • urū-ṇasá, a. (Bv.) broad-nosed, x. 14, 12 [urú + nás nose].
  • urviyá̄, adv. widely, ii. 35, 8 [inst. f. of urví̄ wide].
  • urv-í̄, f. earth, x. 14, 16 [urú wide].
  • uś-ánt, pr. pt. eager, vii. 103, 3; x. 15, 82 [vaś desire].
  • Uṣ-ás, f. Dawn, ii. 12, 7; vii. 63, 3; 71, 1; x. 127, 3. 7; pl. iv. 51, 1-9; 11 [1. vas shine; cp. Gk. ἠώς (for āus-ōs), Lat. aur-ōr-a].
  • usrá-yāman, a. (Bv.) faring at daybreak, vii. 71, 4 [usrá matutinal, yá̄man, n. course].
  • usr-fyā, f. cow, iv. 50, 5 [f. of usr-íya ruddy from us-rá red].
  • Ū, enc. pcl., ii. 35, 3; iv. 51, 2 [metrically lengthened for u].
  • ū-tí, f. help, i. 35, 1; viii. 48, 15; x. 15, 4 [av favour].
  • ūrú, m. du. thigh, x. 90, 11. 12.
  • ú̄rj, f. vigour, strength, vii. 49, 4; x. 15, 7.
  • ūrjáyant, den. pr. pt. gathering strength, ii. 35, 7.
  • ūrdh-vá, a. upright, ii. 35, 9; upward, x. 90, 4 [Gk. ὀρθό-ς for ὀρθ-ϝό-ς; Lat. arduu-s ‘lofty’].
  • ūrdhvám, acc. adv. upwards, i. 85, 10.
  • ú̄rmyā, f. night. x. 127, 6.
  • ūr-vá, n. receptacle, ii. 35, 3; fold, herd, iv. 50, 2 [1. vṛ cover].
  • Ṛ go, V. P. ṛṇóti, int. álarti arise, viii. 48, 8 [Gk. ὀρ-νῡ-μι ‘stir up’].
    • abhí-penetrate to (acc.), i. 35, 9.
    • prá-send forth, III. íyarti, vii. 61, 2.
  • ṛ́k-van, m. pl. name of a group of ancestors, x. 14, 3 [singing from arc sing].
  • ṛ́k-vant, a. singing, jubilant, iv. 50, 5 [arc sing].
  • ṛ́c, f. stanza, ii. 35, 12; collection of hymns, Ṛgveda, x. 90, 9 [arc sing, praise].
  • ṛcás-e, dat. inf. with prá, to praise, vi. 61, 6 [arc praise].
  • ṛ-ṇá, n. debt, x. 127, 7.
  • ṛṇā-ván, a. indebted, x. 34, 10 [ṛṇá debt].
  • ṛtá, n. settled order, i. 1, 8; iv. 51, 8; truth, x. 34, 12 [pp. of ṛ go, settled].
  • ṛtá-jāta-satya, a. punctually true, iv. 51, 7 [true as produced by established order].
  • ṛta-jñá, a. knowing right, x. 15, 1.
  • ṛta-yúj, a. yoked in due time, iv. 51, 5; vii. 71, 3.
  • ṛta-spṛ́ś, a. cherishing the rite, iv. 50, 3.
  • ṛtá̄-van, a. holy, ii. 35, 8; x. 168, 3; pious, vii. 61, 2; f. -varī observing order, i. 160, 1.
  • ṛtú, m. season, vii. 103, 9 [fixed time: from ṛ go].
  • ṛté, adv. prp. with ab., without, ii. 12, 9 [loc. of ṛtá].
  • ṛtv-íj, m. ministrant, i. 1, 1 [ṛtú + ij = yaj sacrificing in season].
  • ṛdūdára, a. compassionate, ii. 33, 5; wholesome, viii. 48, 10.
  • ṛdhthrive, V. P. ṛdhnóti.
    • ánu-bring forward, op. 2. s. ṛdhyās, viii. 48, 2.
  • ṛ́dhak, adv. separately, vii. 61, 3.
  • Ṛbh-ú, m. pl. name of three divine artificers, iv. 51, 6 [skilful, from rabh take in hand].
  • ṛ́ṣ-i, m. seer, i. 1, 2; iv. 50, 1; x. 14, 15; 90, 7.
  • ṛṣ-ṭí, f. spear, i. 85, 4 [ṛṣ thrust].
  • ṛṣ-vá, a. high, lofty, vii. 61, 3; 86, 1.
  • É-ka, nm. one, i. 35, 6; 154, 3. 4; vii. 103, 64; viii. 29, 1-8. 10; x. 14, 16; 129, 2. 3 [prn. root e].
  • eka-pará, a. too high by one, x. 34, 2.
  • ékeṣa, a. having one pole, x. 135, 3 [īṣā + pole of a car].
  • e-tá, dem. prn. stem, this: n. etád, iii. 59, 5; acc. m. etám this, x. 14, 9; him, x. 34, 4; inst. eténa, v. 83, 6; n. pl. etá̄, x. 15, 14; m. pl. eté these, vii. 103, 9 [prn. root e + tá this].
  • éta-śa, m. steed of the Sun, vii. 63, 2 [éta speeding, from i go].
  • etá̄-vant, a. such, x. 90, 3 [prn. etá this + sf. vant].
  • e-na, enc. prn. stem of 3. prs. he, she, it: acc. enam him, ii. 12, 5; iii. 59, 3; vii. 103, 2; x. 14, 11; 34, 4; 168, 2; acc. pl. enān them, vii. 103, 3; gen. du. enos of them two, vii. 103, 4 [prn. root e].
  • én-as, n., ii. 12, 10; vii. 71, 4; 86, 3.
  • ená̄, inst. by it, x. 14, 4; adv. thither, x. 14, 2 [inst. of prn. root a].
  • e-bhis, I. pl. with them, x. 34, 5 [prn. root a].
  • e-bhyas, D. pl. to them, x. 34, 8 [prn. root a].
  • e-vá, pcl. thus, just, i. 1, 3; ii. 12, 1; iv. 51, 9; vi. 54, 1. 2; x. 90, 2 [prn. root e; cp. 180].
  • e-vá̄ (= evá), adv. thus, just, ii. 33, 15; iv. 50, 8 [prn. root e].
  • e-ṣá, dem. prn.: N. s. m. eṣáḥ this, x. 168, 4; he, ii. 12, 15; vii. 63, 3; viii. 29, 6; f. eṣá̄ this, x. 14, 2; she, x. 34, 2 [from prn. root e + sa].
  • e-ṣām, G. pl. m. of them, i. 85, 3; vii. 103, 52. 6; x. 34, 5. 8; 129, 5 [prn. root a].
  • Ók-as, n. abode, iv. 50, 8 [wonted place: uc be wont].
  • ój-as, n. might, i. 85, 4. 10; 160, 5 [uj = vaj; cp. Lat. augus-tu-s ‘mighty’, ‘august’].
  • ojā-yámāna, den. pr. pt. Ā. showing one’s strength, ii. 12, 11 [ójas].
  • ój-īyāṃs, cpv. a. mightier, ii. 33, 10.
  • óṣa-dhī, f. plant, v. 83, 1. 4. 5. 10; vii. 61, 3 [áv(a)s-a nurture (av further) + dhī holding, from dhā hold].
  • Ká, inter. prn. who? i. 35, 7; x. 129, 6; 135, 52; G. kásya, x. 129, 1; du. káu, x. 90, 112; with cid: I. kéna cid by any, x. 15, 6; pl. N. ké cid some, viii. 103, 8.
  • ka-kúbh, f. peak, i. 35, 8.
  • ka-tamá, inter. prn. which (of many)? i. 35, 7; iv. 51, 6; with caná any, x. 168, 3 [Lat. quo-tumu-s].
  • kati-dhá̄, adv. into how many parts? x. 90, 11 [ká-ti how many? Lat. quot].
  • ka-dā, inter. adv. when? vii. 86, 2; with caná, ever, vi. 54, 9 [ká who?].
  • kánikradat, int. pr. pt. bellowing, iv. 50, 5; v. 83, 1. 9 [krand roar].
  • kán-īyāṃs, cpv. younger, vii. 86, 6 [cp. kan-yà̄, f. girl; Gk. καινό-ς ‘new’ for κανi̮ό-ς].
  • kam, pcl., i. 154, 1 [gladly: cp. p. 225, 2].
  • kár-tave, dat. inf. of kṛ do, i. 85, 9.
  • kalmalīk-ín, a. radiant, ii. 33, 8.
  • kav-í, m. sage, v. 11, 3; vii. 86, 3; x. 129, 4 [Av. kavi ‘king’].
  • kaví-kratu, a. (Bv.) having the intelligence

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