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Collection: Goodrich Seminar Room
Subject Area: Literature
Subject Area: Religion

VÁ̄TA - Misc (Rigveda), A Vedic Reader for Students [1917]

Edition used:

A Vedic Reader for Students, by Arthur Anthony MacDonnell. Containing Thirty Hymns of the Rigveda in the original Samhita and Pada Texts, with Transliteration, Translation, Explanatory Notes, Introduction, Vocabulary (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1917).

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VÁ̄TA

This god, as Vá̄ta, the ordinary name of wind, is addressed in two short hymns. He is invoked in a more concrete way than his doublet Vāyú, who is celebrated in one whole hymn and in parts of others. Vāta’s name is frequently connected with forms of the root vā, blow, from which it is derived. He is once associated with the god of the rain-storm in the dual form of Vātā-Parjanyá̄, while Vāyu is often similarly linked with Indra as Índra-Vāyú̄. Vāta is the breath of the gods. Like Rudra he wafts healing and prolongs life; for he has the treasure of immortality in his house. His activity is chiefly mentioned in connexion with the thunderstorm. He produces ruddy lights and makes the dawns to shine. His swiftness often supplies a comparison for the speed of the gods or of mythical steeds. His noise is also often mentioned.

x. 168. Metre: Triṣṭubh.

See Page Number 215, Hymn Number 1 in PDF for Sanskrit Version

  • 1

    Vá̄tasya nú mahimá̄naṃ ráthasya:
  • rujánn eti, stanáyann asya ghóṣaḥ.
  • divispṛ́g yāti aruṇá̄ni kṛṇvánn;
  • utó eti pṛthivyá̄ reṇúm ásyan.

(I will) now (proclaim) the greatness of Vāta’s car: its sound goes shattering, thundering. Touching the sky it goes producing ruddy hues; and it also goes along the earth scattering dust.

mahimá̄nam: the vb. can easily be supplied, the most obvious one being prá vocam according to the first verse of i. 32, Índrasya nú vīryà̄ṇi prá vocam, and of i. 154 Víṣṇor nú kaṃ vīryà̄ṇi prá vocam. ruján: similarly the Maruts are said to split the mountain with the felly of their cars (v. 52, 9), and their sound is thunder (i. 23, 11). stanáyan: used predicatively like a finite vb. (207) or eti may be supplied. aruṇá̄ni: alluding to the ruddy hue of lightning, with which the Maruts are particularly associated. asya: accent, p. 452. utó: 24. pṛthivyá̄: inst. expressing motion over(199, 4).

See Page Number 217, Hymn Number 2 in PDF for Sanskrit Version

  • 2

    sáṃ prérate ánu Vá̄tasya viṣṭhá̄:
  • áinaṃ gachanti sámanaṃ ná yóṣāḥ.
  • tá̄bhiḥ sayúk saráthaṃ devá īyate,
  • asyá víśvasya bhúvanasya rá̄jā.

The hosts of Vāta speed on together after him: they go to him as women to a festival. The god, the king of all this world, united with them, goes on the same car.

sáṃ prá īrate: 3. pl. pr. Ā. of īr; p. 468, 20 a. viṣṭhá̄s: though the derivation is vi-stha (not analysed in the Pada text), the meaning is uncertain. It is probably the subject with which yóṣās are compared, the sense being: the rains follow the storm wind (apá̄ṃ sákhā in 3 c), and accompany him on his course. sarátham: an adv. based on the cognate acc. (197, 4). īyate: from ī go according to the fourth class, from which the pr. forms īyase, īyate, īyante, and the pt. í̄yamāna occur; c is a Jagatī Pāda.

See Page Number 218, Hymn Number 3 in PDF for Sanskrit Version

  • 3

    antárikṣe pathíbhir í̄yamāno,
  • ná ní viśate katamác caná̄haḥ.
  • apá̄ṃ sákhā prathamajá̄ ṛtá̄vā,
  • kúa svij jātáḥ, kúta á̄ babhūva?

Going along his paths in the air he rests not any day. The friend of waters, the first-born, the holy, where pray being born, whence has he arisen?

pathíbhis: inst. in local sense (199, 4). í̄yamānas: see note on 2 c. áhas: acc. of duration of time (197, 2); cp. also 4 b and the Padapāṭha. apá̄ṃ sákhā: as accompanied by rain (cp. note on 2 a). prathama-já̄s: 97, 2. ṛtá̄vā: 15 c. kvà: = kúa (p. 448). jātás: as a finite verb (208); cp. x. 129, 6 b. kúta á̄ babhūva = what is his origin (cp. x. 129, 6 d); on the use of the pf. cp. 213 A a.

See Page Number 218, Hymn Number 4 in PDF for Sanskrit Version

  • 4

    ātmá̄ devá̄nāṃ, bhúvanasya gárbho,
  • yathāvaśáṃ carati devá eṣáḥ.
  • ghóṣā íd asya śṛṇvire, ná rūpáṃ.
  • tásmai Vá̄tāya havíṣā vidhema.

Breath of the gods, germ of the world, this god fares according to his will. His sounds are heard, (but) his form is not (seen). To that Vāta we would pay worship with oblation.

ātmá̄: cp. x. 90, 13, where Vāyu is said to have been produced from the breath of Puruṣa; and x. 16, 3, where breath is allied to wind. gárbhas: Vāta is here called germ of the world as Agni is in x. 45, 6. asya: accent, p. 452. ghóṣās: cp. 1 b. śṛṇvire: 3. pl. Ā. pr. of śru with ps. sense (p. 145, γ). ná rūpám: the vb. dṛśyate is here easily supplied. vidhema: with dat. (200 A f).

VOCABULARY

Finite verbal forms are here given under the root from which they are derived, as also the prepositions with which they are compounded, even when separated from them. Nominal verbal forms (participles, gerunds, gerundives, infinitives), on the other hand, appear in their alphabetical order.

ABBREVIATIONS

a. = adjective. A. = accusative. Ā = Ātmanepada, middle voice. AA. = Aitareya Āraṇyaka. ab. = ablative. acc. = accusative. act. = active. adv. = adverb, adverbial. ao. = aorist. Arm. = Armenian. Av. = Avesta, Avestic. Bv. = Bahuvrīhi compound. cd. = compound. cj. = conjunction. cog. = cognate. corr. = correlative. cpv. = comparative. cs. = causative. D. = dative. dat. = dative. dec. = declension. dem. = demonstrative. den. = denominative. der. = derivative. Dv. = Dvandva compound. ds. = desiderative. du. = dual. emph. = emphatic, emphasizing. enc. = enclitic. Eng. = English. f. = feminine. ft. = future. G. = genitive. gd. = gerund. gdv. = gerundive. gen. = genitive. Gk. = Greek. Go. = Gothic. gov. = governing compound. I. = instrumental. ij. = interjection. ind. = indicative. indec. = indeclinable. inf. = infinitive. inj. = injunctive. inst. = instrumental. int. = intensive. inter. = interrogative. ipf. = imperfect. ipv. = imperative. irr. = irregular. itv. = iterative. K. = Karmadhāraya compound. m. = masculine. mid. = middle. L. = locative. Lat. = Latin. lc. = locative. Lith. = Lithuanian. N. = nominative. n. = neuter. neg. = negative. nm. = numeral. nom. = nominative. OG. = Old German. OI. = Old Irish. OP. = Old Persian. op. = optative. ord. = ordinal. OS. = Old Saxon. OSl. = Old Slavonic. P. = Parasmaipada, active voice. pcl. = particle. pf. = perfect. pl. = plural. poss. = possessive. pp. = past passive participle. ppf. = pluperfect. pr. = present. prn. = pronoun. proh. = prohibitive. prp. = preposition. prs. = person, personal. ps. = passive. pt. = participle. red. = reduplicated. ref. = reflexive. rel. = relative. rt. = root. s. = singular. sb. = subjunctive. sec. = secondary. sf. = suffix. Slav. = Slavonic. spv. = superlative. syn. = syntactical. Tp. = Tatpuruṣa compound. V. = vocative. vb. = verb, verbal. voc. = vocative. YV. = Yajurveda.

  • a, prn. root that in á-tas, á-tra, á-tha, a-smái, a-syá.
  • aṃś attain, v. aśnóti, aśnuté: see aś.
  • áṃh-as, n. distress, trouble, ii. 33, 2 3; iii. 59, 2; vii. 71, 5.
  • ak-tú, m. ointment; beam of light; (clear night, x. 14, 9 [añj anoint].
  • akṣ-á, m. die for playing, pl. dice, x. 34, 2. 4. 6. 7. 13 [perhaps eye = spot].
  • akṣ-án, n. eye (weak stem of ákṣi), x. 127, 1.
  • á-kṣīya-māṇa, pr. pt. ps. unfailing, i. 154, 4 [2. kṣi destroy].
  • akhkhalī-kṛ́tyā, gd. having made a croak, vii. 103, 3.
  • Ag-ní, m. fire, ii. 12, 3; iii. 59, 5; viii. 48, 6; x. 34, 11; god of fire, Agni, i. 1-7, 9; 35, 1; ii. 35, 15; v. 11, 1-6; vii. 49, 4; x. 15, 9. 12; 90, 13 [Lat. ig-ni-s, Slav. og-nĭ].
  • agni-dagdhá, Tp. cd. burnt with fire, x. 15, 14 [pp. of dah burn].
  • agní-dūta, a. (Bv.) having Agni as a messenger, x. 14, 13.
  • agni-ṣvāttá, cd. Tp. consumed by fire, x. 15, 11 [pp. of svād taste well].
  • ág-ra, n. front; beginning; top, x. 135, 6; lc. ágre in the beginning, x. 129. 3. 4.
  • agra-tás, adv. in the beginning, x. 90, 7.
  • a-ghn-yá̄, f. cow, v. 83, 8 [gdv. not to be slain, from han slay].
  • aṅkuś-ín, a. having a hook, hooked, attractive, x. 34, 7 [aṅkuśá hook].
  • 1. áṅg-a, n. limb, ii. 33, 9.
  • 2. aṅgá, emphatic pcl. just, only, i. 1, 6; x. 129, 7 [180].
  • áṅgāra, m. coal, x. 34, 9.
  • Áṅgira, m. name of an ancient seer, iv. 51, 4.
  • Áṅgiras, m. pl. name of a group of ancestors, v. 11, 6; x. 14, 3. 4. 5. 6; s., as an epithet of Agni, i. 1, 6; v. 11, 6 [Gk. ἄγγελο-ς ‘messenger’].
  • ac bend, I. P. ácati. úd-, draw up, v. 83, 8.
  • a-cakrá, a. (Bv.) wheelless, x. 135, 3.
  • á-cit, a. (K.) unthinking, thoughtless, vii. 86, 7.
  • a-cít-e, dat. inf. not to know, vii. 61, 5.
  • á-citti, f. (K.) thoughtlessness, vii. 86, 6.
  • a-citrá, n. darkness, obscurity, iv. 51, 3.
  • á-cyuta, pp. (K.) not overthrown, unshakable, i. 85, 4.
  • acyuta-cyút, a. (Tp.) moving the immovable, ii. 12, 9.
  • ácha, prp. with acc., unto, viii. 48, 6.
  • aj drive, I. P. ájati [Lat. ago ‘lead’, ‘drive’, Gk. ἄγω, ‘lead’].
    • á̄- drive up, vi. 54, 10.
    • úd- drive out, ii. 12, 3; iv. 50, 5.
  • ajá-māyu, a. (Bv.) bleating like a goat, vii. 103, 6. 10 [māyú, m. bleat].
  • a-jára, a. (K.) unaging, i. 160, 4 [jṝ waste away].
  • á-jasra, a. (K.) eternal, ii. 35, 8 [unfailing: jas be exhausted].
  • ajāví, m. pl. Dv. cd. goats and sheep, x. 90, 10 [ajá + ávi].
  • a-jur-yá, a. unaging, iv. 51, 6 [jur waste away].
  • añj, VII. P. anákti anoint; Ā. aṅkté anoint oneself, viii. 29, 1.
  • áñjas-ā, adv. straightway, vi. 54, 1 [inst. of áñjas ointment: = with gliding motion].
  • añj-í, n. ornament, i. 85, 3; viii. 29, 1 [añj anoint].
  • á-tas, adv. hence, x. 14, 9; = ab. from that, iv. 50, 3; than that, x. 90, 3.
  • ati-rātrá, a. (celebrated) overnight, vii. 103, 7 [rá̄trī night].
  • átka, m. robe, ii. 35, 14.
  • áty-etavái, dat. inf. to pass over, v. 83, 10 [áti + i go beyond].
  • á-tra, adv. here, i. 154, 6; ii. 35, 6.
  • á-trā, adv. then, vii. 103, 2; there, x. 135, 1.
  • Átri, m. an ancient sage, vii. 71, 5.
  • á-tha, adv. then; so, vi. 54, 7.
  • Áthar-van, m. pl. name of a group of ancient priests, x. 14, 6.
  • á-thā, adv. then, viii. 48, 6; x. 14, 10; 15, 4. 11; 129, 6; so, x. 127, 6.
  • átho, adv. and also, x. 90, 5 [átha + u].
  • ad,eat, II. P. átti, ii. 35, 7; x. 15, 8. 11. 12 [Lat. edo, Gk. ἔδω, Eng. eat].
  • á-dabdha, pp. (K.) uninjured, iv. 50, 2 [dabh harm].
  • Á-diti, f. name of a goddess, viii. 48, 2 [unbinding, freedom, from 3. dā bind].
  • ad-dhá̄, adv. truly, x. 129, 6 [in this manner: a-d this + dhā].
  • a-dyá, adv. to-day, i. 35, 11; iv. 51, 3-4; x. 14, 12; 127, 4; 135, 5; now, x. 15, 2 [perhaps = a-dyavi on this day].
  • á-dri, m. rock, i. 85, 5 [not splitting: dṛ pierce].
  • ádri-dugdha, Tp. cd. pressed out with stones, iv. 50, 3 [pp. of duh milk].
  • ádha-ra, a. lower, ii. 12, 4.
  • adhás, adv. below, x. 129, 5.
  • ádhi, prp. with lc., upon, i. 85, 7; v. 83, 9; vii. 103, 5; with ab. from, x. 90, 5.
  • ádhy-akṣa, m. eye-witness; surveyor, x. 129, 7 [having one’s eye upon].
  • adhvará, m. sacrifice, i. 1, 4. 8; iv. 51, 2.
  • adhvar-yú, m. officiating priest, vii. 103, 8.
  • a-dhvasmán, a. (Bv.) undimmed, ii. 35, 14 [having no darkening].
  • an breathe, II. P. ániti, x. 129, 2 [Go. an-an ‘breathe’].
  • án-agni-dagdha, pp. (K.) not burned with fire, x. 15, 14.
  • án-abhi-mlāta-varṇa, a. (Bv.) having an unfaded colour, ii. 35, 13.
  • á-naṣṭa-vedas, a. (Bv.) whose property is never lost, vi. 54, 8.
  • an-amīvá, a. (Bv.) diseaseless, iii. 59, 3; n. health, x. 14, 11 [ámīvā disease].
  • án-āgas, a. (Bv.) sinless, v. 83, 2; vii. 86, 7 [á̄gas sin; Gk. ἀν-αγής ‘innocent’].
  • an-idhmá, a. (Bv.) having no fuel, ii. 35, 4.
  • á-nimiṣ-am, (acc.) adv. unwinkingly, vii. 61, 3 [ni-míṣ, f. wink].
  • á-nimiṣ-ā, (inst.) adv. with unwinking eye, iii. 59, 1 [ni-mís, f wink].
  • á-niviśamāna, pr. pt. A. unresting, vii. 49, 1 [ni + viś go to rest].
  • án-irā, f. (K.) languor, ailment, vii. 71, 2; viii. 48, 4 [írā, f. refreshment].
  • án-īka, n. face, ii. 35, 11 [an breathe].
  • ánu, prp. with acc., along, x. 14, 1. 8; among, x. 14, 12.
  • anu-kāmám, (acc.) adv. according to desire, viii. 48, 8.
  • anu-déyī, f. equipment (?), x. 135, 5. 6 [f. gdv. of anu-dā to be handed over].
  • anu-paspaśāná, pf. pt. Ā. having spied out, x. 14, 1 [spaś spy].
  • anu-madyá-māna, pr. pt. ps. being greeted with gladness, vii. 63, 3.
  • anu-vénant, pr. pt. seeking the friendship of (acc.), x. 135, 2.
  • ánu-vrata, a. devoted, x. 34, 2 [acting according to the will (vratá) of another].
  • án-ṛta, n. (K.) falsehood, ii. 35, 6; vii. 61, 5; misdeed, wrong, 86, 6 [ṛtá right].
  • an-enás, a. (Bv.) guiltless, vii. 86, 4 [énas guilt].
  • ánta, m. end, iv. 50, 1; edge, proximity: lc. ánte near, x. 34, 16.
  • antár, prp. with lc., within, i. 35, 9; ii. 12, 3; 35, 7; iv. 51, 3; vii. 71, 5; 86, 2 (= in communion with); viii. 48, 2; among, viii. 29, 2. 3 [Lat. inter].
  • antári-kṣa, n. air, atmosphere, i. 35, 7. 11; ii. 12, 2; x. 90, 14; 168, 3 [situated between heaven and earth: kṣa = 1. kṣi dwell].
  • ánti-tas, adv. from near, iii. 59, 2 [ánti in front, near].
  • ándh-as, n. Soma plant; juice, i. 85, 6 [Gk. ἄνθ-ος ‘blossom’].
  • án-na, n. food, ii. 35, 5. 7. 10. 11. 14; pl. 12; x. 90, 2 [pp. of ad eat].
  • anyá, prn. a. other, ii. 35, 3. 8. 13; x. 34, 4. 10. 11. 14; 129, 2; with ab. = than, ii. 33, 11; anyó-anyá one-another, vii. 103, 3. 4. 5; anyé-anyé, anyá̄ḥ-anyá̄ḥ some-others, x. 14, 3; ii. 35, 3 [cp. Lat. aliu-s, Gk. ἄλλο-ς ‘other’].
  • áp, f. water, pl. N. á̄pas, ii. 35, 3. 4; vii. 49, 1. 22. 3. 4; 103, 2; A. apás, v. 83, 6; inst. adbhís, x. 14, 9; G. apá̄m, i. 85, 9; ii. 12, 7; 35, 1. 2. 3. 7. 9. 11. 13. 14; vii. 103, 4; x. 168, 3; L. apsú, ii. 35, 4. 5. 7. 8; vii. 103, 5 [Av. ap ‘water’].
  • apa-dhá̄, f. unclosing, ii. 12, 3.
  • ápa-bhartavái, dat. inf. to take away, x. 14, 2 [bhṛ bear].
  • apa-bhartṛ́, m. remover, ii. 33, 7 [bhṛ bear].
  • á-paśyant, pr. pt. (K.) not seeing, x. 135, 3.
  • ápas, n. work, i. 85, 9 [Lat. opus ‘work’].
  • apás, a. active, i. 160, 4.
  • apás-tama, spv. a. most active, i. 160, 4.
  • Apá̄ṃ nápāt, m. son of waters, name of a god, ii. 33, 13; 35, 1. 3. 7. 9.
  • ápi-hita, pp. covered, x. 129, 3 [dhā put].
  • apīc-yà, a. secret, ii. 35, 11 [apīc contraction of a presupposed api-añc].
  • a-praketá, a. (Bv.) indistinguishable, x. 129, 3 [praketá perception].
  • á-pratīta, pp. (K.) irresistible, iv. 50, 9 [prati + pp. of i go].
  • a-pramṛśyá, gdv. not to be forgotten, ii. 35, 6 [mṛś touch].
  • á-budhya-māna, pr. pt. unawakening, iv. 51, 3 [budh wake].
  • abhi-kṣipánt, pr. pt. lashing, v. 83, 3.
  • abhí-tas, adv. on all sides, iv. 50, 3; with acc., around, vii. 103, 7.
  • abhimāt-ín, m. adversary, i. 85, 3 [abhímāti, f. hostility].
  • abhí-vṛṣṭa, pp. rained upon, vii. 103, 4.
  • abhiṣṭí-dyumna, a. (Bv.) splendid in help, iv. 51, 7 [dyumná, n. splendour].
  • abhíṣṭi-śavas, a. (Bv.) strong to help, iii. 59, 8 [śávas, n. might].
  • abhīti, f. attack, ii. 33, 5 [abhí + ití].[ ]
  • abhí̄-vṛta, pp. adorned, i. 35, 4 [1. vṛ cover].
  • á-bhv-a, a. monstrous; n. force, ii. 33, 10; monster, iv. 51, 9 [non-existent, monstrous: -bhū be].
  • á-manya-māna, pr. pt. Ā. not thinking = unexpecting, ii. 12, 10 [man think].
  • á-martya, a. (K.) immortal, viii. 48, 12; f. ā, x. 127, 2.
  • a-mítra, m. (K.) enemy, ii. 12, 8 [mitrá friend].
  • ámīta-varṇa, a. (Bv.) of unchanged colour, iv. 51, 9.
  • ámī-vā, f. disease, i. 35, 9; ii. 33, 2; vii. 71, 2; viii. 48, 11 [am harm, 3. s. ámī-ti].
  • amu-y-á̄, inst. adv. in this way, so, x. 135, 2 [inst. f. of amú this used in the inflexion of ayám].
  • á-mūra, a. (K.) wise, vii. 61, 5 [not foolish: mūrá].
  • a-mṛ́ta, a. immortal; m. immortal being, i. 35, 2; vii. 63, 5; viii. 48, 32; n. what is immortal, i. 35, 6; x. 90, 3; immortality, x. 129, 2 [not dead, mṛtá, pp. of mṛ die; cp. Gk. ἄμβροτος ‘immortal’].
  • amṛta-tvá, n. immortality, x. 90, 2.
  • ámbh-as, n. water, x. 129, 1.
  • á-yajvan, m. (K.) non-sacrificer, vii. 61, 4.
  • a-y-ám, dem. prn. N. s. m. this, iii. 59, 4; vii. 86, 3. 8; viii. 48, 10; x. 34, 13 (= here); he, i. 160, 4; x. 135, 7.
  • a-yá̄s, a. nimble, i. 154, 6 [not exerting oneself: yās = yas heat oneself].
  • a-rapás, a. (Bv.) unscathed, ii. 33, 6; x. 15, 4 [rápas, n. infirmity, injury].
  • áraṃ-kṛta, pp. well-prepared, x. 14, 13 [made ready].
  • ár-am, adv. in readiness; with kṛ do service to (dat.), vii. 86, 7.
  • á-rāti, f. hostility, ii. 35, 6; iv. 50, 11; viii. 48, 3; x. 34, 14 [non-giving, niggardliness, enmity].
  • a-rí, m. niggard, enemy, gen. aryás, ii. 12, 4. 5; iv. 50, 11; viii. 48, 8 [having no wealth: ri = rai; 1. indigent; 2. niggardly].
  • á-riṣṭa, pp. (K.) uninjured, vi. 54, 7 [riṣ injure].
  • ar-uṇá, a. f. í̄, ruddy, x. 15, 7; n. ruddy hue, x. 168, 1.
  • ar-uṣá, a. ruddy, i. 85, 5; vii. 71, 1.
  • a-reṇú, a. (Bv.) dustless, i. 35, 11 [reṇú m. dust].
  • ark-á, m. song, i. 85, 2; x. 15, 9 [arc sing].
  • arc sing, praise, I. árcati. sám-, praise universally. pf. ānṛcé, i. 160, 4.
  • árc-ant, pr. pt., singing, i. 85, 2; viii. 29, 10.
  • arṇa-vá, a. waving, viii. 63, 2; m. flood, i. 85, 9.
  • ár-tha, n. goal, vii. 63, 4 [what is gone for: ṛ go].
  • arth-ín, a. greedy, x. 127, 5 [having an object, needy].
  • ar-páya, cs. of ṛ go. úd- raise up, ii. 33, 4.
  • aryá, a. noble, vii. 86, 7; x. 34, 13; m. lord, ii. 35, 2.
  • Arya-mán, m. name of one of the Ādityas, vii. 63, 6.
  • ár-vant, m. steed, ii. 33, 1; vii. 54, 5 [speeding: ṛ go].
  • arvá̄k, adv. hither, x. 15, 4. 9; afterwards, x. 129, 6.
  • arvá̄ñc, a. hitherward, i. 35, 10; v. 83, 6.
  • árh-ant, pr. pt. worthy, ii. 33, 103.
  • av help, I. P. ávati, i. 85, 7; ii. 12, 14; 35, 15; iv. 50, 9. 11; vii. 49, 1-4; 61, 2; x. 15, 1. 5; quicken, v. 83, 4.
  • ava-tá, m. well, i. 85, 10; iv. 50, 3 [áva down].
  • a-vadyá, n. blemish, x. 14, 8 [gdv. not to be praised, blameworthy].
  • avá-ni, f. river, v. 11, 5 [áva down].
  • ava-páśyant, pr. pt. looking down on (acc.), vii. 49, 3.
  • ava-má, spv. a. lowest; nearest, ii. 35, 12; latest, vii. 71, 3 [áva down].
  • ava-yātṛ́, m. appeaser, viii. 48, 2.
  • áva-ra, cpv. a. lower, x. 15, 1; nearer, ii. 12, 8 [áva down].
  • áv-as, n. help, i. 35, 1; 85, 11; ii. 12, 9; iii. 59, 6; x. 15, 4 [av help].
  • ava-sá̄na, n. resting place, x. 14, 9 [unbinding, giving rest: áva + sā = si tie].
  • avás-tāt, adv. below, x. 129, 5.
  • avas-yú, a. desiring help, iv. 50, 9.
  • a-vātá, a. (Bv.) windless, x. 129, 2 [vá̄ta wind].
  • av-i-tṛ́, m. helper, ii. 12, 6.
  • a-ví̄ra, a. (Bv.) sonless, vii. 61, 4 [vīrá hero].
  • a-vṛká, a. (K.) friendly, x. 15, 1 [not harming: vṛ́ka wolf].
  • a-vyathyá, gdv. immovable, ii. 35, 5 [vyath waver].
  • aś reach,obtain, V. aśnóti, aśnuté, i. 1, 3; 85, 2; ii. 33, 2. 6; iii. 59, 2; vii, 103, 9.
  • abhí-attain to (acc.), i. 154, 5.
  • áś-man, m. rock, ii. 12, 3 [Av. asman ‘stone’; Gk. ἄκμων ‘anvil’].
  • áś-va, m. horse, ii. 12, 7; 35, 6; iv. 51, 5; v. 83, 3. 6; vii. 71, 3. 5; x. 34, 3. 11; 90, 10 [Lat. equu-s ‘horse’, Gk. ἵππο-ς, OS. ēhu].
  • áśva-magha, a. (Bv.) rich in horses, vii. 71, 1 [maghá bounty].
  • Aśv-ín, m. du. horsemen, name of the twin gods of dawn, vii. 71. 2. 3. 6.
  • aṣṭáu, nm. eight, i. 35, 8.
  • as be, II. P.: pr. 2. ási, i. 1, 4; ii. 12, 15; 33, 3; 3. ásti, ii. 12, 5; 33, 7. 10; vii. 71, 4; 86, 6; x. 34, 14; pl. 1. smási, vi. 54, 9; viii. 48, 9; 3. sánti, i. 85, 12; x. 90, 16; ipv. ástu, v. 11, 5; vii. 86, 82; x. 15, 2; sántu, vii. 63, 5; op. syá̄ma, iii. 59, 3; iv. 50, 6; 51, 10. 11; viii. 48, 12. 13; ipf. 3. á̄s, x. 129, 3; āsīt, x. 34, 2; 90, 6. 12. 14; 129, 14. 22. 32. 4. 52; á̄san, x. 90, 15. 16; 129, 52; pf. āsa, vii. 86, 4; x. 129, 2; á̄sur, iv. 51, 7.
    • ápi-be or remain in (lc.); syāma, iii. 59, 4; x. 14, 6.
    • pári be around,celebrate, 2. pl. stha, vii. 103, 7.
    • prá-be pre-eminent, ipv. astu, iii. 59, 2.
  • ás-at, pr. pt. n. the non-existent, x. 129, 1. 4.
  • a-saścát, a. (Bv.) inexhaustible, i. 160, 2 [having no second, saścát: sac follow].
  • ás-ita, (pp.) a. black, iv. 51, 9.
  • á-saṃmṛṣṭa, pp. (K.) uncleansed, v. 11. 3 [mṛj wipe].
  • ás-u, m. life, x. 14, 12; 15, 1 [1. as exist].
  • asu-tṛ́p, a. (Tp.) life-stealing, x. 14, 12 [tṛp delight in].
  • ásu-nīti, f. spirit-guidance, x. 15, 14.
  • ásu-ra, m. divine spirit, i. 35, 7. 10; v. 83, 6 [Av. ahura].
  • asur-yà, n. divine dominion, ii. 33, 9; 35, 2.
  • asūyánt, pr. pt. displeased, resentful, x. 135, 2.
  • ás-ta, n. home, abode, x. 14, 8; 34, 10.
  • asmá, prn. stem of 1. prs. pl.; A. asmá̄n us, viii. 48, 3. 11; x. 15, 5; D. asmábhyàm to us, i. 85, 12; x. 14, 12; asmé to us, i. 160, 5; ii. 33, 12; Ab. asmád from us, ii. 33, 2; vii. 71, 1. 2; than us, ii. 33, 11; G. asmá̄kam of us, vi. 54, 6; L. asmé in or on us, ii. 35, 4; iv. 50, 10. 11; viii. 48, 10; asmá̄su on us, iv. 51, 10.
  • a-smín, L. of prn. root a, in this, ii. 35, 14; iv. 50, 10; x. 14, 5.
  • á-smera, a. (K.) not smiling, ii. 35, 4.
  • a-smái, D. of prn. root a, to him, ii. 35, 5. 12; for him, x. 14, 9; unaccented, asmai to or for him, ii. 12, 5. 13; 35, 2. 10; vi. 54, 4; vii. 63, 5; x. 14, 9. 11.
  • a-syá, G. of prn. root a, of this, ii. 33, 9; x. 129, 6; 168, 2; unaccented, asya his, of him, its, of it, i. 35, 7; 154, 5; 160, 3; ii. 12, 13; 35, 2. 6. 8. 11; iv. 50, 2; vi. 54, 3; vii. 86, 1; viii. 48, 12; x. 34, 4. 6; 90, 33. 4. 6. 122. 15; 129, 7; 135, 7; 168, 1.
  • ás-yant, pr. pt. scattering, x. 168, 1 [as throw].
  • a-syái, D. f. of prn. root a, to that, ii. 33, 5.
  • ah say: pf. 3. pl. āhur, ii. 12, 5; v. 11, 6; vii. 86, 3; x. 34, 4.
  • áha, emphasizing pcl., indeed, i. 154, 6; v. 83, 3; vii. 103, 2.
  • áhan, n. day, viii. 48, 7; x. 129, 2.
  • ahám, prs. prn., I, viii. 86, 7; x. 15, 3; 34, 2. 3. 12.
  • áhar, n. day, vii. 103, 7.
  • áhas, n. day, x. 168, 3.
  • a-hastá, a. (Bv.) handless, x. 34, 9.
  • áh-i, m. serpent, ii. 12, 3. 11 [Av. aži, Gk. ἔχι-ς ‘viper’, Lat. angui-s].
  • á-hṛṇāna, pr. pt. Ā. free from wrath [hṛ be angry].
  • Ā, prp. with ab. from, ii. 35, 2; iv. 50, 3; 51, 10; with L., in, i. 85, 4; ii. 35, 7. 8; iii. 59, 3; viii. 48, 6.
  • á̄, pcl. quite, very, ii. 12, 15; with D., viii. 48, 4.
  • á̄-gata, pp. come, vii. 103, 3. 9 [gam go].
  • á̄-gam-iṣṭha, a. spv. coming most gladly, x. 15, 3.
  • á̄g-as, n. sin, vii. 86, 4; x. 15, 6 [cp. Gk. ἄγος ‘guilt’].
  • á̄c-ya, gd. bending, x. 15, 6 [á̄ + ac bend].
  • á̄-jāta, pp. produced, x. 129, 6 [jan generate].
  • á̄j-ya, n. melted butter, x. 90, 6 [á̄-añj anoint].
  • āṇí, m. axle-end, i. 35, 6.
  • á̄-tata, pp. extended, x. 135, 6 [tan stretch].
  • ā-tasthivá̄ṃs, red. pf. pt. having mounted, ii. 12, 8 [á̄ + sthā stand].
  • āt-mán, m. breath, x. 168, 4 [Old Saxon āthom ‘breath’].
  • Ādityá, m. son of Aditi, iii. 59, 2. 3. 5.
  • āp obtain, V. P. āpnóti; pf. āpa, iv. 51, 7 [Lat. ap-iscor ‘reach’, ap-ere ‘seize’].
  • ā-bhis, I. pl. f. of prn. root a, with these, v. 83, 1.
  • ā-bhú, a. coming into being, x. 129, 3.
  • āmá, a. raw, unbaked, ii. 35, 6 [Gk. ὠμὅ-ς ‘raw’].
  • ā-yat-í̄, pr. pt. f. coming, x. 127, 1. 3 [á̄ + i go].
  • āyas-á, a. f. í̄, made of iron, viii. 29, 3 [áyas iron].
  • āy-ú, a. active; m. living being, mortal, iii. 59, 9 [i go].
  • á̄-yudh-a, n. weapon, viii.29, 5 [á̄ + yudh fight].
  • á̄y-us, n. span of life, vii. 103, 10; viii. 48, 4. 7. 10. 11; x. 14, 14 [activity: i go].
  • āraṇyá, a. belonging to the forest, x. 90, 8 [áraṇya].
  • ā-róhant, pr. pt. scaling, ii. 12, 12 [ruh mount].
  • āvís, adv. in view, with kṛ, make manifest, v. 83, 3.
  • āś-ú, a. swift, vii. 71, 5 [Gk. ὠκύ-ς].
  • āśu-héman, a. (Bv.), of swift impulse, ii. 35, 1.
  • ā-sām, gen. pl. f. of the prn. root a, of them, iv. 51, 6.
  • á̄s-īna, irr. pr. pt. Ā., sitting, x. 15, 7 [ās sit].
  • á̄-hita, pp. placed in (lc.), viii. 29, 4; x. 14, 16; with sám placed upon (lc.), x. 135, 4 [dhā put].
  • á̄-huta, pp. to whom offering is made, v. 11, 3.
  • I go, II. P. émi, x. 34, 5; éti, iv. 50, 8; x. 34, 6; 168, 12; yánti, vii. 49, 1; approach (acc.), viii. 48, 10; áyan, pr. sb. pass, vii. 61, 4; attain, vii. 63, 4; pf. īyúr, x. 15, 1. 2.
    • ánu-go after, vi. 54, 5; follow (acc.), viii. 63, 5.
    • ápa-go away, x. 14, 9.
    • abhí-come upon. ipf. á̄yan, vii. 103, 2.
    • áva-appease: op. iyām, vii. 86, 4.
    • á̄-come, ii. 33, 1; v. 83, 6; go to, x. 14, 8.
    • úpa á̄-come to (acc.), i. 1, 7.
    • úd-rise, vii. 61, 1; 63, 1-4; ipf. ait, x. 90, 4.
    • úpa-approach, vii. 86, 3; 103, 3; x. 14, 10; 34, 10; flow to, ii. 35, 3.
    • párā-pass away, pf. īyúr, x. 14, 2. 7.
    • pári-surround, ii. 35, 4. 9.
    • prá-go forth, i. 154, 3; x. 14, 7.
    • ánu prá-go forth after, vi. 54, 6.
    • ví-disperse, x. 14, 9.
    • sám-flow together, ii. 35, 3; unite, vii, 103, 2.
  • ichá-māna, pr. pt. Ā. desiring, x. 34, 10 [iṣ wish].
  • i-tás, adv. from here, x. 135, 4.
  • í-ti, pcl. thus, ii. 12, 52; vi. 54, 1. 2; x. 34, 6 [180].
  • it-thá̄, adv. thus, ii. 35, 11; truly, i. 154, 5 [id + thā; 180].
  • í-d, emphasizing pcl. just, even, i. l, 4. 6; 85, 8; 154, 3; ii. 35, 8. 10; iv. 50, 7. 8; 51, 9; vii. 86, 3. 6; x. 14, 16; 34, 5. 7. 8. 13; 127, 3 [Lat. id: 180].
  • í-d-ám, dem. prn. n. this, i. 154, 3; ii. 12, 14; 33, 10; iv. 51, 1; v. 11, 5; x. 14, 15; 15, 2; 90, 2; 129, 3; 135, 7; this world, v. 83, 9; = here, vi. 54, 1 [111].
  • í-dá̄nīm, adv. now, i. 35, 7.
  • idh kindle, VII. Ā. inddhé.
    • sám-kindle, 3. pl. indhate, ii. 35, 11; pf. īdhiré, v. 11, 2.
  • ídh-má, m. fuel, x. 90, 6 [idh kindle].
  • índ-u, m. drop, Soma, viii. 48, 2. 4. 8. 12. 13. 15; pl. iv. 50, 10; viii. 48, 5.
  • Índra, m. name of a god, i. 85, 9; ii. 12, 1-15; iv. 50, 10. 11; v. 11, 2; vii. 49, 1; viii. 48, 2. 10; x. 15, 10; 90, 13.
  • indr-iyá, n. might of Indra, i. 85, 2 [Índra].
  • i-nv go, I. P. ínvati [secondary root from i go according to class v.: i-nu].
    • sam-bring, i. 160, 5.
  • imá, dem. prn. stem, this, A. m. imám, ii. 35, 2; x. 14, 4; 15, 6; N. m. pl. imé, vi. 54, 2; viii. 48, 5; n. imá̄, ii. 12, 3; x. 15, 4; imá̄ni, vii. 61, 6; 71, 6 [111].
  • i-y-ám, dem. prn. f. this, v. 11, 5; vii. 61, 7; 71, 62; x. 129, 6. 7 [111].
  • írā, f. nurture, v. 83, 4.
  • ír-iṇa, n. dice-board, x. 34, 1. 9.
  • ír-ya, a. watchful, vi. 54, 8.
  • i-va, enc. pcl. like, i. 1, 9; 85, 5. 82; ii. 12, 4. 5; 33, 6; 35, 5. 13; iv. 51, 2; v. 11, 5; 83, 3; vii. 63, 1; 103, 52; viii. 29, 8; 48, 42. 6. 72; x. 34, 1. 3. 5. 8; 127, 7. 8 [180].
  • iṣ-irá, a. devoted, viii. 48, 7.
  • iṣṭá-vrata, a. (Bv.) accordant with desired ordinances, iii. 59, 9.
  • iṣṭā-pūrtá, n. (Dv.) sacrifice and good works, x. 14, 8 [iṣ-ṭā, pp. du. of yaj sacrifice + pūrtá, pp. of pṝ fill, bestowed].
  • i-há, adv. here, i. 1, 2; 35, 1. 6; ii. 35, 13. 15; vi. 54, 9; vii. 49, 1. 2. 3. 4; x. 14, 5. 12; 15, 3. 5. 7. 11. 132; 90, 4; 129, 6.
  • íḷā, f. consecrated food, iv. 50, 8.
  • ī go, IV. Ā. í̄yate, x. 168, 2; approach, īmahe, vi. 54, 8.
    • antár-go between (acc.), i. 35, 9; 160, 1.
  • īj-āná, pf. pt. Ā. (of yaj), sacrificer, iv. 51, 7.
  • īḍ praise, II. Ā., í̄ḷe, i. 1, 1.
  • í̄ḍ-ya, gdv. praiseworthy, i. 1, 2 [īḍ praise].
  • īm, enc. pcl. (acc. of prn. i), i. 85, 11; ii. 12, 5; 33, 132; 35, 1; vii. 103, 3 [180].
  • í̄ya-māna, pr. pt. Ā. going, x. 168, 3 [ī go].
  • īr stir,set in motion, II. Ā. í̄rte.
    • ánu sáṃ prá-speed on together after, x. 168, 2.
    • úd-arise, x. 15, 1; v. 83, 3.
    • prá-, cs. īráya, utter forth, ii. 33. 8.
  • īś be master of,overpower, II. Ā. í̄ṣṭe, with gen., viii. 48, 14.
  • í̄ś-āna, pr. pt. Ā. ruling over, disposing of (gen.), vi. 54, 8; x. 90, 2; m. ruler, ii. 33, 9.
  • īṣ more, I. í̄ṣati, -te, from (ab.), v. 83, 2.
  • īḷ-itá, pp. implored, x. 15, 12 [īḍ praise].
  • U, enc. pcl. now, also, i. 35, 6; 154, 4; ii. 33, 9; 35, 10. 15; iv. 51, 1. 2; v. 83, 102; vi. 54, 3; vii. 61, 6; 63, 1. 2; 86, 3. 8; viii. 48, 3; x. 14, 2; 15, 3; 127, 32; 129, 12 [180].
  • uk-thá, n. recitation, iv. 51, 7 [vac speak].
  • 1. ukṣsprinkle, VI. ukṣáti, -te, x. 90, 7.
    • pra-besprinkle, x. 90, 7.
  • 2. ukṣgrow.
  • ukṣ-itá, pp. grown strong, i. 85, 2 [2. ukṣ = vakṣ grow].
  • ug-rá, a. mighty, ii. 33, 9; x. 34, 8; fierce, terrible, ii. 33, 11; viii. 29, 5.
  • uchánt, pr. pt. shining, iv. 51, 2 [1. vas shine].
  • u-tá, pcl. and, i. 85, 5; 154, 4; ii. 12, 5; 35, 11; iii. 59, 1; iv. 50, 9; v. 83, 22. 10; vi. 54, 6; vii. 63, 5; 86, 2; viii. 48, 1. 5. 8. 14; x. 34, 2; 90, 2; utá vā, vii. 49, 22; = and, viii. 48, 15 [180].
  • utó, pcl. and also, x. 168, 1 [utá + u].
  • út-tara, cpv. a. upper, i. 154, 1 [úd up].
  • út-sa, m. spring, i. 85, 11; 154, 5 [ud wet].
  • ud wet, VII. P. unátti, undánti [cp. Lat. und-a ‘wave’].
    • ví-moisten, drench, i. 85, 5; v. 83, 8.
  • ud-án, n. water, i. 85, 5 [Go. watō ‘water’].
  • udan-vánt, a. water-laden, v. 83, 7.
  • úd-ita, pp. risen, vii. 63, 5 [i go].
  • udumbalá, a. brown (?), x. 14, 12.
  • ud-vát, f. upward path, i. 35, 3; height, v. 83, 7; x. 127, 2 [úd up + sf. vat].
  • upa-kṣiyánt, pr. pt. abiding by (acc.), iii. 59, 3 [kṣi dwell].
  • upa-má, spv. a. highest, viii. 29, 9.
  • upa-yánt, pr. pt. approaching, ii. 33, 12 [i go].
  • úpa-ra, cpv. a. later, x. 15, 2 [Av. upara ‘upper’, Gk. ὕπερο-ς ‘pestle’, Lat. s-uperu-s ‘upper’].
  • upári, adv. upward, x. 34, 9; above, x. 129, 5 [Gk. ὑπέρ, ὑπείρ = ὑπέρι, Lat. s-uper, Old High German ubir ‘over’].
  • úpa-śrita, pp. impressed on (lc.), vii. 86, 8 [śri resort].
  • upa-sádya, gdv. to be approached, iii. 59, 5 [sád sit].
  • upá-stha, m. lap, i. 35, 5. 6; vii. 63, 3; x. 15, 7.
  • upa-hatnú, a. slaying, ii. 33, 11 [ha-tnu from han slay].
  • úpa-hūta, pp. invited, x. 15, 5 [hū call].
  • upārá, m. offence, vii. 86, 6 [upa + ara from ṛ go: striking upon, offence].
  • ubj force, VI. P., ubjáti.
    • nir-drive out, i. 85, 9.
  • ubhá, a. both, i. 35, 9; x. 14, 7 [cp. Lat. am-bo, Gk. ἄμ-ϕω ‘both’, Eng. bo-th].
  • ubhá-ya, a. pl. both, ii. 12, 8.
  • ubhayá̄-dat, a. having teeth on both jaws, x. 90, 10.
  • ur-ú, a., f. urv-í̄, wide, i. 85, 6. 7; 154, 2; vii. 61, 2; 86, 1; x. 127, 2 [Av. vouru, Gk. εὐρύ-ς].
  • uru-kramá, a. (Bv.) wide-striding, i. 154, 5 [kráma, m. stride].
  • uru-gāyá, a. (Bv.) wide-paced, i. 154, 1. 3. 6; viii. 29, 7 [-gāya gait from gā go].
  • uru-cákṣas, a. (Bv.) far-seeing, vii. 63, 4 [cákṣas, n. sight].
  • uru-vyácas, a. (Bv.) far-extending, i. 160, 2 [vyácas, n. extent].
  • uru-śáṃsa, a. (Bv.) far-famed. viii. 48, 4 [śáṃsa, m. praise].
  • uru-ṣyú, a. freedom-giving, viii. 48, 5 [from den. uru-ṣya put in wide space, rescue].
  • urū-ṇasá, a. (Bv.) broad-nosed, x. 14, 12 [urú + nás nose].
  • urviyá̄, adv. widely, ii. 35, 8 [inst. f. of urví̄ wide].
  • urv-í̄, f. earth, x. 14, 16 [urú wide].
  • uś-ánt, pr. pt. eager, vii. 103, 3; x. 15, 82 [vaś desire].
  • Uṣ-ás, f. Dawn, ii. 12, 7; vii. 63, 3; 71, 1; x. 127, 3. 7; pl. iv. 51, 1-9; 11 [1. vas shine; cp. Gk. ἠώς (for āus-ōs), Lat. aur-ōr-a].
  • usrá-yāman, a. (Bv.) faring at daybreak, vii. 71, 4 [usrá matutinal, yá̄man, n. course].
  • usr-fyā, f. cow, iv. 50, 5 [f. of usr-íya ruddy from us-rá red].
  • Ū, enc. pcl., ii. 35, 3; iv. 51, 2 [metrically lengthened for u].
  • ū-tí, f. help, i. 35, 1; viii. 48, 15; x. 15, 4 [av favour].
  • ūrú, m. du. thigh, x. 90, 11. 12.
  • ú̄rj, f. vigour, strength, vii. 49, 4; x. 15, 7.
  • ūrjáyant, den. pr. pt. gathering strength, ii. 35, 7.
  • ūrdh-vá, a. upright, ii. 35, 9; upward, x. 90, 4 [Gk. ὀρθό-ς for ὀρθ-ϝό-ς; Lat. arduu-s ‘lofty’].
  • ūrdhvám, acc. adv. upwards, i. 85, 10.
  • ú̄rmyā, f. night. x. 127, 6.
  • ūr-vá, n. receptacle, ii. 35, 3; fold, herd, iv. 50, 2 [1. vṛ cover].
  • Ṛ go, V. P. ṛṇóti, int. álarti arise, viii. 48, 8 [Gk. ὀρ-νῡ-μι ‘stir up’].
    • abhí-penetrate to (acc.), i. 35, 9.
    • prá-send forth, III. íyarti, vii. 61, 2.
  • ṛ́k-van, m. pl. name of a group of ancestors, x. 14, 3 [singing from arc sing].
  • ṛ́k-vant, a. singing, jubilant, iv. 50, 5 [arc sing].
  • ṛ́c, f. stanza, ii. 35, 12; collection of hymns, Ṛgveda, x. 90, 9 [arc sing, praise].
  • ṛcás-e, dat. inf. with prá, to praise, vi. 61, 6 [arc praise].
  • ṛ-ṇá, n. debt, x. 127, 7.
  • ṛṇā-ván, a. indebted, x. 34, 10 [ṛṇá debt].
  • ṛtá, n. settled order, i. 1, 8; iv. 51, 8; truth, x. 34, 12 [pp. of ṛ go, settled].
  • ṛtá-jāta-satya, a. punctually true, iv. 51, 7 [true as produced by established order].
  • ṛta-jñá, a. knowing right, x. 15, 1.
  • ṛta-yúj, a. yoked in due time, iv. 51, 5; vii. 71, 3.
  • ṛta-spṛ́ś, a. cherishing the rite, iv. 50, 3.
  • ṛtá̄-van, a. holy, ii. 35, 8; x. 168, 3; pious, vii. 61, 2; f. -varī observing order, i. 160, 1.
  • ṛtú, m. season, vii. 103, 9 [fixed time: from ṛ go].
  • ṛté, adv. prp. with ab., without, ii. 12, 9 [loc. of ṛtá].
  • ṛtv-íj, m. ministrant, i. 1, 1 [ṛtú + ij = yaj sacrificing in season].
  • ṛdūdára, a. compassionate, ii. 33, 5; wholesome, viii. 48, 10.
  • ṛdhthrive, V. P. ṛdhnóti.
    • ánu-bring forward, op. 2. s. ṛdhyās, viii. 48, 2.
  • ṛ́dhak, adv. separately, vii. 61, 3.
  • Ṛbh-ú, m. pl. name of three divine artificers, iv. 51, 6 [skilful, from rabh take in hand].
  • ṛ́ṣ-i, m. seer, i. 1, 2; iv. 50, 1; x. 14, 15; 90, 7.
  • ṛṣ-ṭí, f. spear, i. 85, 4 [ṛṣ thrust].
  • ṛṣ-vá, a. high, lofty, vii. 61, 3; 86, 1.
  • É-ka, nm. one, i. 35, 6; 154, 3. 4; vii. 103, 64; viii. 29, 1-8. 10; x. 14, 16; 129, 2. 3 [prn. root e].
  • eka-pará, a. too high by one, x. 34, 2.
  • ékeṣa, a. having one pole, x. 135, 3 [īṣā + pole of a car].
  • e-tá, dem. prn. stem, this: n. etád, iii. 59, 5; acc. m. etám this, x. 14, 9; him, x. 34, 4; inst. eténa, v. 83, 6; n. pl. etá̄, x. 15, 14; m. pl. eté these, vii. 103, 9 [prn. root e + tá this].
  • éta-śa, m. steed of the Sun, vii. 63, 2 [éta speeding, from i go].
  • etá̄-vant, a. such, x. 90, 3 [prn. etá this + sf. vant].
  • e-na, enc. prn. stem of 3. prs. he, she, it: acc. enam him, ii. 12, 5; iii. 59, 3; vii. 103, 2; x. 14, 11; 34, 4; 168, 2; acc. pl. enān them, vii. 103, 3; gen. du. enos of them two, vii. 103, 4 [prn. root e].
  • én-as, n., ii. 12, 10; vii. 71, 4; 86, 3.
  • ená̄, inst. by it, x. 14, 4; adv. thither, x. 14, 2 [inst. of prn. root a].
  • e-bhis, I. pl. with them, x. 34, 5 [prn. root a].
  • e-bhyas, D. pl. to them, x. 34, 8 [prn. root a].
  • e-vá, pcl. thus, just, i. 1, 3; ii. 12, 1; iv. 51, 9; vi. 54, 1. 2; x. 90, 2 [prn. root e; cp. 180].
  • e-vá̄ (= evá), adv. thus, just, ii. 33, 15; iv. 50, 8 [prn. root e].
  • e-ṣá, dem. prn.: N. s. m. eṣáḥ this, x. 168, 4; he, ii. 12, 15; vii. 63, 3; viii. 29, 6; f. eṣá̄ this, x. 14, 2; she, x. 34, 2 [from prn. root e + sa].
  • e-ṣām, G. pl. m. of them, i. 85, 3; vii. 103, 52. 6; x. 34, 5. 8; 129, 5 [prn. root a].
  • Ók-as, n. abode, iv. 50, 8 [wonted place: uc be wont].
  • ój-as, n. might, i. 85, 4. 10; 160, 5 [uj = vaj; cp. Lat. augus-tu-s ‘mighty’, ‘august’].
  • ojā-yámāna, den. pr. pt. Ā. showing one’s strength, ii. 12, 11 [ójas].
  • ój-īyāṃs, cpv. a. mightier, ii. 33, 10.
  • óṣa-dhī, f. plant, v. 83, 1. 4. 5. 10; vii. 61, 3 [áv(a)s-a nurture (av further) + dhī holding, from dhā hold].
  • Ká, inter. prn. who? i. 35, 7; x. 129, 6; 135, 52; G. kásya, x. 129, 1; du. káu, x. 90, 112; with cid: I. kéna cid by any, x. 15, 6; pl. N. ké cid some, viii. 103, 8.
  • ka-kúbh, f. peak, i. 35, 8.
  • ka-tamá, inter. prn. which (of many)? i. 35, 7; iv. 51, 6; with caná any, x. 168, 3 [Lat. quo-tumu-s].
  • kati-dhá̄, adv. into how many parts? x. 90, 11 [ká-ti how many? Lat. quot].
  • ka-dā, inter. adv. when? vii. 86, 2; with caná, ever, vi. 54, 9 [ká who?].
  • kánikradat, int. pr. pt. bellowing, iv. 50, 5; v. 83, 1. 9 [krand roar].
  • kán-īyāṃs, cpv. younger, vii. 86, 6 [cp. kan-yà̄, f. girl; Gk. καινό-ς ‘new’ for κανi̮ό-ς].
  • kam, pcl., i. 154, 1 [gladly: cp. p. 225, 2].
  • kár-tave, dat. inf. of kṛ do, i. 85, 9.
  • kalmalīk-ín, a. radiant, ii. 33, 8.
  • kav-í, m. sage, v. 11, 3; vii. 86, 3; x. 129, 4 [Av. kavi ‘king’].
  • kaví-kratu, a. (Bv.) having the intelligence

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