The Online Library of Liberty

A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.

• Preface.
• The Life of Richard Cobden
• Chapter I.: Early Life.
• Chapter II.: Commercial and Mental Progress.
• Chapter III.: Travels In West and East.
• Chapter IV.: The Two Pamphlets.
• Chapter V.: Life In Manchester, 1837–9.
• Chapter VI.: The Foundation of the League.
• Chapter VII.: The Corn Laws.
• Chapter VIII.: Cobden Enters Parliament—first Session.
• Chapter IX.: Cobden As an Agitator.
• Chapter X.: The New Corn Law.
• Chapter XI.: Sir Robert Peel’s New Policy.
• Chapter XII.: Renewed Activity of the League—cobden and Sir Robert Peel—rural Campaign.
• Chapter XIII.: The Session of 1844—factory Legislation—the Constituencies.
• Chapter XIV.: Bastiat—new Tactics—activity In Parliament—maynooth Grant—private Affairs.
• Chapter XV.: The Autumn of 1845.
• Chapter XVI.: Repeal of the Corn Laws and Fall of the Government.
• Chapter XVII.: Correspondence With Sir Robert Peel—cessation of the Work of the League.
• Chapter XVIII.: Tour Over Europe.
• Chapter XIX.: Election For the West Riding.—purchase of Dunford.—correspondence.
• Chapter XX.: Miscellaneous Correspondence On Social and Political Movements.
• Chapter XXI.: The Don Pacifico Debate—the Papal Aggression—correspondence With Mr. Bright On Reform—kossuth.
• Chapter XXII.: The Protectionists In Office.
• Chapter XXIII.: The Panic of 1853.
• Chapter XXIV.: The Crimean War.
• Chapter XXV.: Death of His Son.
• Chapter XXVI.: Chinese Affairs—cobden’s Motion—the Dissolution.
• Chapter XXVII.: The Indian Mutiny—private Affairs—second Journey to America.
• Chapter XXVIII.: Return From America.—the New Ministry.
• Chapter XXIX.: The French Treaty.
• Chapter XXX.: Holiday and Return to Paris.
• Chapter XXXI.: The Tariff—the Fortification Scheme.
• Chapter XXXII.: The Policy of the Commercial Treaty.
• Chapter XXXIII.: Miscellaneous Correspondence, 1859–60—paris—return to England.
• Chapter XXXIV.: The American War—fortification Schemes—international Law.
• Chapter XXXV.: Correspondence With Mr. Delane.
• Chapter XXXVI.: The Danish War—last Speeches In Parliament—correspondence.
• Chapter XXXVII.: Speech At Rochdale—the Land Question—correspondence—last Days and Death.
• Chapter XXXVIII.: Conclusion.
• Appendix
• Note A. (see P. 115).
• Cobden to W. C. Hunt On the Hours of Labour.
• Full Text of the Last Letter Written By Mr Cobden
• Bibliography of Richard Cobden, Based On the British Museum Catalogue
• Biography, Criticism Etc

APPENDIX

Note A. (See p. 115).

Cobden to W. C. Hunt on the Hours of Labour.

• Falmouth,

Oct. 21, 1836.

“.... When upon the point of embarking on board the Liverpool steamer for Lisbon, a thought has occurred to me relative to the address which I left with you for the Stockport electors, and which induces me to trouble you with this letter. I have altogether omitted to advert to the Ten Hours Bill; and as it is a question that interests deeply the non-electors, whose influence, I am aware, is very considerable in your borough, I might be considered to have wilfully and designedly suppressed all allusion to the subject, if I did not explain my opinions unreservedly upon it. As respects the right and justice by which young persons ought to be protected from excessive labour, my mind has ever been decided, and I will not argue the matter for a moment with political economy; it is a question for the medical and not the economical profession; I will appeal to — or Astley Cooper, and not to MaCulloch or Martineau. Nor does it require the aid of science to inform us that the tender germ of childhood is unfitted for that period of labour which even persons of mature age shrink from as excessive. In my opinion, and I hope to see the day when such a feeling is universal, no child ought to be put to work in a cotton-mill at all so early as the age of thirteen years; and after that the hours should be moderate, and the labour light, until such time as the human frame is rendered by nature capable of enduring the fatigues of adult labour. With such feelings as these strongly pervading my mind, I need not perhaps add that, had I been in the House of Commons during the last session of Parliament, I should have opposed with all my might Mr. Poulett Thomson’s measure for postponing the operation of the clause for restricting the hours of infant labour. I am aware that many of the advocates of the cause of the factory children are in favour of a Ten Hours Bill for restricting the working of the engines, which in fact would be to limit the use of steam in all cotton establishments (for young persons are, I believe, at present employed in every branch of our staple manufacture, more or less) to ten hours a day. It has always, however, appeared to me that those who are in favour of this policy lose sight of the very important consequences which are involved in the principle. Have they considered that it would be the first example of a legislature of a free country interfering with the freedom of adult labour? Have they reflected that if we surrender into the hands of Government the power to make laws to fix the hours of labour at all, it has as good a right, upon the same principle, to make twenty hours the standard as ten? Have they taken into account that if the spinners and weavers are to be protected by Act of Parliament, then the thousand other mechanical and laborious trades must in justice have their claims attended to by the same tribunal? I believe it is now nearly three hundred years ago since laws were last enforced which regulated or interfered with the labour of the working classes. They were the relics of the feudal ages, and to escape from the operation of such a species of legislation was considered as a transition from a state of slavery to that of freedom. Now it appears to me, however unconscious the advocates of such a policy may be of such consequences, that if we admit the right of the Government to settle the hours of labour, we are in principle going back again to that point from which our ancestors escaped three centuries ago. Let not the people—I mean the masses—think lightly of those great principles upon which their strength wholly rests. The privileged and usurping few may advocate expediency in lieu of principles, but depend upon it we, reformers, must cling to first principles, and be prepared to carry them out, fearless of consequences. Am I told that the industrious classes in Lancashire are incapable of protecting themselves from oppression unless by the shield of the legislature? I am loath to believe it. Nay, as I am opposed to the plan of legislating upon such a subject, I am bound to suggest another remedy. I would, then advise the working classes to make themselves free of the labour market of the world, and this they can do by accumulating twenty pounds each, which will give them the command of the only market in which labour is at a higher rate than in England—I mean that of the United States. If every working man would save this sum, he might be as independent of his employer as the latter, with his great capital, is of his workmen. Were this universal, we should hear no more of the tyranny of the employers. If I am told that my scheme is chimerical because the working classes cannot depend upon each other, I answer that I have better hopes of them, and I look forward to many other improvements of a similar kind. All that is required, in my opinion, is that the operatives understand their own interests, and be not put upon a false scent; let them trust only to themselves, and not depend upon the legislature, which will never avail them. I yield to no man in the world (be he ever so stout an advocate of the Ten Hours Bill) in a hearty good-will towards the great body of the working classes; but my sympathy is not of that morbid kind which would lead me to despond over their future prospects. Nor do I partake of that spurious humanity, which would indulge in an unreasoning kind of philanthropy at the expense of the independence of the great bulk of the community. Mine is that masculine species of charity which would lead me to inculcate in the minds of the labouring classes, the love of independence, the privilege of self-respect, the disdain of being patronized or petted, the desire to accumulate, and the ambition to rise. I know it has been found easier to please the people by holding out flattering and delusive prospects of cheap benefits to be derived from Parliament, rather than by urging them to a course of self-reliance; but while I will not be the sycophant of the great, I cannot become the parasite of the poor; and I have sufficient confidence in the growing intelligence of the working classes to be induced to believe that they will now be found to contain a great proportion of minds, sufficiently enlightened by experience to concur with me in opinion that it is to themselves alone individually, that they, as well as every other great section of the community, must trust for working out their own regeneration and happiness. Again I say to them, ‘Look not to Parliament, look only to yourselves.’

“It would be easy for me to state reasons of a different description why the legislature ought not to be suffered to interfere with the freedom of the labour of the people. How very obvious, however, must it be that any law restricting the hours of labour would be inoperative so soon as it became the interest of masters and workmen to violate it! Where, then, would be the utility or wisdom of an enactment which owed its power entirely to the free will of the parties whom it professed to coerce? Surely they might act as effectually without the necessity of infringing and merely bringing into disrepute the law of the land! But it is impossible to pursue the question to the extent of its merits within the limits of a sheet of letter-paper. If I am told by the advocates of a Ten Hours Bill that the plan of putting a restriction upon the moving power is the only way of saving the infants from destruction, to what a sad point does this argument conduct us! It is, in fact, an avowal that the parents cannot be trusted to obey a law which forbids them to sacrifice their offspring. Against this lamentable aspersion upon the natural affection of the working classes I enter my solemn protest. I believe, on the contrary, that public opinion amongst them is sufficiently patent to prevent an unnatural connivance of the kind on the part of any considerable number of parents; and I am convinced that the morality of the people is rapidly advancing to that elevated standard which will very soon preclude the apprehension-that any individual of this body will be found sufficiently depraved to be suspected of the guilt of infanticide.”

FULL TEXT OF THE LAST LETTER WRITTEN BY MR COBDEN

• 23 Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, London

22nd March, 1865

My Dear Potter,

I return Mill’s letter.—Everything from him is entitled to respectful consideration—but I confess, after the best attention to the proposed representation of minorities which I can give it, I am so stupid as to fail to see its merits. He speaks of 50,000 electors having to elect five members, and that 30,000 may elect them all, and to obviate this he would give the 20,000 minority two votes, but I would give only one vote to each elector, and one representative to each constituency. Instead of the 50,000 returning five in a lump, I would have five constituencies of 10,000, each returning one member. Thus, if the Metropolis, for example, were entitled with a fair distribution of electoral power, to forty votes, I would divide it into forty districts or wards, each to return one member, and in this way every class and every variety of opinion would have a chance of a fair representation—Belgravia, Marylebone, St James’s, St Giles’s, Whitechapel, Spitalfields, etc., would each and all have their members. I don’t know any better plan for giving all opinions a chance of being heard, and, after all, it is opinions that are to be represented. If the minority have a faith that their opinions, and not those of the majority, are the true ones, then let them agitate and discuss until their principles are in the ascendant. This is the motive for political action and the healthy agitation of public life. I do not like to recognise the necessity of dealing with working men as class in an extension of the franchise. The small shopkeeper and the artisan of the towns are socially on a level. The subject is, however, too large for a sheet of notepaper.

Believe me,

Yours very truly,

(Sgd.) R. COBDEN.

Thos. B. Potter, Esq.

bibliography of richard cobden, based on the british museum catalogue

The Political Writings of Richard Cobden. 2 vols. London, 1867. 8vo.

8008. ee.

—Second edition. 2 vols. London [printed], New York, 1868 [1867]. 8vo.

8008. ee. 3.

—[Another edition.] With an introductory essay by Sir L. Mallet, etc. (Notes by F. W. Chesson.) London, 1878. 8vo.

2238. a. 14.

—[Another edition.] Pp. vii.–704. Cassell & Co.: London, 1886. 8vo.

8139. aaa. 22.

Speeches on Questions of Public Policy. Edited by John Bright and J. E. Thorold Rogers. 2 vols. London, Oxford [printed], 1870. 8vo.

2238. f. 2.

England, Ireland, and America. By a Manchester Manufacturer [Richard Cobden]. 1835. 8vo.

T. 1918. (4.)

—1836. 8vo.

8135. i.

Russia. By a Manchester Manufacturer [Richard Cobden]. 1836. 8vo.

8093. f.

—Facts for the Present Crisis. Richard Cobden on Russia. Reprinted from the original pamphlet published in 1836 under the name of “A Manchester Manufacturer.” Third edition. Manchester, 1876. 8vo.

8094. g. 6. (9.)

Corn Laws. Extracts from the Works of Thomas Perronet Thompson, selected and classified by Richard Cobden. Manchester, [1841?]. 8vo.

8245. c. 79. (4.)

The Corn Laws. Speech of Richard Cobden in the House of Commons on February 24, 1842. Sixteenth Thousand. Revised. Manchester, [1842]. 12mo.

8244. a. 10.

The Land-Tax Fraud. Speech of Richard Cobden in the House of Commons, March 14, 1842. Manchester, [1842]. 12mo.

8223. a. 12.

Tenant Farmers and Farm Labourers. Speech on the 12th March, 1844, on moving for a Select Committee “to inquire into the effects of protective duties on imports upon the interests of tenant farmers and farm labourers.” Pp. 23. J. Gadsby: Manchester, [1844?]. 8vo.

8135. dd. 9. (II.)

—Corrected report of the speech of Richard Cobden in the House of Commons, 12th of March, 1844, on his motion for a Select Committee to inquire into the effects of protective duties on imports upon the interests of the tenant farmers and farm labourers in this country. Second edition. 1844. 8vo.

1391. f. 43.

On the effects of Protection on the agricultural interests of the country. House of commons, March 13, 1845. Adams (C. K.), Representative British Orations, etc. Vol. iii. 1884. 16mo.

12301. cc. 3.

Speech of Richard Cobden in the House of Commons February 18, 1848. Pp. 8. A. Heywood: Manchester, [1848]. 12mo.

8135. a. 5. (2.)

National Defences. Speech of Richard Cobden. London. 1848. 8vo.

1398. f.

Speech on the Russian Loan, delivered at the London Tavern, January 18th. London, 1850. 8vo.

8223. a. 13.

England. National Parliamentary and National Reform Association. National Reform Tracts Nos. 21, 22, 23, 24. Proceedings at the fourth monthly soirée of National Reform Association with the speeches of Sir J. Walmsley, and Richard Cobden. London, [1851]. 8vo.

8138 df. 5. (1.)

1793 and 1853, in three letters. Second edition. London, 1853. 8vo.

8138. c.

—New edition revised, with a preface. London, Farringdon [printed], 1853. 8vo.

8138. c.

—Fourth edition. London, 1853. 8vo.

8026. ee. 8. (3.)

Report of the Proceedings of the Peace Conference at Edinburgh, October, 1853. With the speeches of Richard Cobden. Reports of the Peace Congresses at Brussels, etc. 1861. 8vo.

8425. c. 52.

How Wars are got up in India. The origin of the Burmese War. Fourth edition. London, 1853. 8vo.

8022. c. 15

Address to the Mechanics’ Institution at Barnsley, on the re-opening of the New Lecture Hall. See British Eloquence of the Nineteenth Century. Literary Addresses. Second series. 1855 [1854]. 8vo.

1205. b. 12.

What Next and Next? London, 1856. 8vo.

8028. b.

—Fifth edition. Pp. 50. J. Ridgway: London, 1856. 8vo.

8026. d. 12. (4.)

On the probable fall of the value of gold. By Michel Chevalier. Translated from the French, with preface by Richard Cobden. Manchester, 1859. 8vo.

8223. b. 53.

The Three Panics. Third edition. Pp. 152. Ward & Co.: London, 1862. 8vo.

8026. c. 23.

—Fifth edition. London, 1862. 8vo.

8138. e.

—[Another edition.] Pp. 168. Cassell & Company: London, [1884]. 8vo.

8138. aa. 7.

—Les Trois Paniques épisodes de l’histoire contemporaine, traduit de l’Anglais par A. Raymond. Paris, 1862. 8vo.

8138. h.

Maritime Law and Belligerent Rights. Speech of Richard Cobden advocating a reform of International Maritime Law, delivered to the Manchester Chamber of Commerce, Oct. 25, 1862. Revised and corrected by the author. Manchester [printed], London, [1864]. 8vo.

6955. bb.

Speech of Mr. Cobden, on the “Foreign Enlistment Act,” in the House of Commons, April 24, 1863. London, 1863. 8vo.

8138. cc.

—Second edition. London, 1863. 8vo.

8138. b.

—Third edition. London, 1863. 8vo.

8138. b.

Mr. Cobden and The Times Correspondence between Mr. Cobden, ... and Mr. Delane, editor of The Times; with a supplementary correspondence between Mr. Cobden, and [Thornton Hunt, writing on behalf of] the Editor of the Daily Telegraph. Manchester, 1864. 8vo.

8138. cc.

Mr. Cobden on the Land Question. London, 1873. 8vo. C. T. 355. (7.) [Written by Mr. Cobden, Jan. 22, 1864, and published in the Morning Star under the signature of R. S. T.]

Government Manufacturing Establishments. Speech of Richard Cobden in the House of Commons, July 22, 1864, etc. London, 1869. 8vo.

8246. ee. 4.

Solution. Une solution prompte! Congrès ou Guerre: précédé d’une letter de Richard Cobden. Paris, 1868. 8vo.

8026. g.

APPENDIX.

Biography, Criticism Etc

Apjohn, L. Richard Cobden and the Free Traders. [By L. Apjohn.] [1881.] “Memorable Men of the Nineteenth Century.” Vol. iv. [1881, etc.] 8vo.

10601. bbb.

Ashworth (H.). Recollections of Richard Cobden ... and the Anti-Corn Law League. London, Manchester [printed], 1877. 8vo.

8138. aa. 5.

—[Second edition.] London [1878]. 8vo.

8138. de. 1.

Bastiat (Frédéric). Cobden et le Ligue, ou l’agitation Anglaise pour la liberté du commerce, etc. Paris, Senlis [printed], 1845. 8vo.

1391. g. 14.

Blackman, E. L. Our Relations with America. A reply to the arguments of Mr. Cobden ... as to the supply of ammunition of war to the belligerents. Manchester, [1863]. 8vo.

8175. e. 1. (1.)

Brett (J.). Calculator. Free Trade. Cobden, Bright, Gladstone, ... Fawcett, collated and examined. Pp. 63. Effingham Wilson: London, 1886. 8vo.

8229. i. 18. (4.)

Brewster, D. The Radical Party; its Principles, Objects, and Leaders—Cobden, etc. Manchester, 1867. 8vo.

8138. cc. 10. (10.)

Bright (Right Hon. J.). Speeches delivered in Bradford on the occasion of the inauguration of the Cobden Memorial, ... with a sketch of the history of Cobden, the Anti-Corn Law League. Revised by Mr. Bright. London, Bradford [printed, 1877]. 8vo.

8138. df. 5. (11.)

Bullock (Thomas Austin). Richard Cobden. (A study for young men.) London, [1866]. 8vo.

10817. cc. 21. (8.)

Cashin (T. F.). Free Trade Fallacies; or Cobden confuted. An exposition on the existing phase of progress and poverty, etc. Pp. xvi.–69. Wyman & Sons: London, 1886. 8vo.

8229. bbb. 53. (12.)

Chevalier (Michel). Free Trade in Gold, being a reply to the Cobden-Chevalier treatise, “on the probable decline in the value of gold,” also an exposition of the French schemes on the currency now maturing.” London, 1861. 12mo.

8223. a. 49.

Cobden, Richard. Analysis of Mr. Cobden’s “Cure for the Russo-Phobia” [in his pamphlet entitled “Russia.” By a Manchester Manufacturer.] Pp. 33. [J. Ridgway & Sons: London, 1836.] 8vo.

8028. e. 36. (1.)

—A Letter from a Crow to Mr. Cobden. Translated from the original by a Northamptonshire Squire. London, 1844. 4to.

1391. g. 31.

—Banquet offert à Richard Cobden par la Société des Économistes le 18 aoῦt 1846. Extrait du No. 57 du Journal des économistes. Paris, 1846. 8vo.

1391. k. 37.

—Bordeaux. Association pour la liberté des échanges. Publications de l’Association. Banquet offert à Richard Cobden le 1er Septembre 1846. Discours de Richard Cobden. (Bordeaux) [1846]. 8vo.

8245. cc. 23. (3.)

—Discorsi pronunziati al Banchetto dato in Livorno a Richard Cobden, il 12 Maggio, 1847. Livorno, 1847. 8vo.

8245. f. 6.

—Letter to Richard Cobden on the Scotch Law of Entail. By a Scotch Landlord. Inverness, 1847. 8vo.

6583. b.

—A letter to Richard Cobden in reply to “1793 and 1853.” By a Manchester Man. Manchester, 1853. 8vo.

8138. f.

—“The Three Panics” dispelled. A reply to the historical episode of Richard Cobden. Reprinted ... from “Colburn’s United Service Magazine.” London, 1862. 8vo.

8138. b

—[Reception at the Accademia Pontaniana.] Academies. Naples.—Società Pontaniana, etc., afterwards Accademia Pontaniana. Tornato ordinaria del 21 Marzo 1847. [For the reception of Richard Cobden as a member of Academy.] [Naples, 1847.] 8vo.

8207. h. 1. (6.)

Richard Cobden. Roi des, Belges. [Being a reply to Richard Cobden’s letter to l’Economiste Belge on the fortifications of Antwerp.] Par un Ex-Colonel de la Garde Civique. Dédie aux blesses de Septembre. Deuxième édition. London, 1863. 8vo.

—Cobden-Delane Controversy. Opinions of the Liberal Press on the Correspondence between Mr. Cobden ... and Mr. Delane, etc. Manchester, 1864. 8vo.

8138. cc.

—In Memoriam. Richard Cobden, his Life and Times. London, [1865]. 8vo.

10817. cc.

—Cobden’s Nederidge Navolgers in Indië: een beschamend woord voor alle bestrijders der liberale Koloniale politiek. (Overgedrukt uit het “Dagblad van Zuidholland en’s Gravenhage” van 8–11 Augustus, 1865.) ’sGravenhage, 1865. 8vo.

8022. dd.

—Richard Cobden: Sein Leben und sein Wirken. Von einem Freihändler und Friedensfreunde. Buremen, Norden [printed], 1869. 8vo.

10817. bbb.

—Richard Cobden, the Friend of the People. The story of his life told for popular reading. London, [1877?]. 8vo.

10803. b. 1. (11.)

Cooke (Frances E.). An English Hero; the story of Richard Cobden, written for young people. Pp. 130. Sonnenschein & Co.: London, 1886. 8vo.

10601. b. 35.

Day, G. G. Cobden’s Contradictions. Extracted from Mr. G. G. Day’s Letter to the Morning Herald of March 27, 1850. [London, 1850.] S. sh. fol.

806. k. 15. (27.)

Denman (Hon. J.). The pressing necessity for increased docks and basins at Portsmouth, with some observations on Mr. Cobden’s “Three Panics,” etc. 1862. 8vo.

8806. c.

—1863. 8vo.

8806. c.

Dino Carina ( ). Riccardo Cobden. (Elogio.) Firenze, 1865. 12mo.

10817. aa. 15.

Dunckley (H.). Richard Cobden and the Jubilee of Free Trade, etc. By H. Dunckley, P. Leroy-Beaulieu, T. Barth, L. Courtney, C. P. Villiers. With preface by R. Gowing. Pp. 246. T. Fisher Unwin: London, 1896. 8vo.

08225. f. 1.

Dyer (George H.). Richard Cobden. Pp. 16. Dyer Bros.: London, [1882]. 16mo. One of the “Penny Popular Biographies.”

10803. aa. 6. (3.)

—Six Men of the People, etc. Richard Cobden ... By G. H. Dyer. Dyer Bros.: London, [1882]. 8vo.

10803. aa. 6. (2.)

E. (F. M.). Richard Cobden at Home. By F. M. E[dge?]. London, Manchester [printed], [1868]. 8vo.

10817. aaa. 41. (3.)

Ellis, W. A Few Questions on Secular Education—What it is, and what it ought to be; with an attempt to answer them. preceded by an Appeal to Richard Cobden, Esq., and the members of the late Anti-Corn Law League. By the Author of “The Outlines of Social Economy” [W. Ellis]. London, 1848. 8vo.

8305. e. 82.

Garnier (C. J.). Richard Cobden, les ligueurs, at la Ligue; precis de l’histoire de la dernière révolution économique et financière en Angleterre. Paris, 1846. 12mo.

1391. a. 32.

Gladstone (Right Hon. W. E.). Alarming results of the non-reciprocity system of Free Trade promoted by Messrs. Gladstone, Cobden, Bright, and their supporters. Fourth edition. London, [1865]. S. sh. fol.

1880. d. 1. (67.)

Gowing (Richard). Richard Cobden. Pp. 128. 1885. “World’s Workers,” 1885, etc. 8vo.

10601. bbb.

Grandguillot, A. Pamphlets Nationaux. No. 1. Les Joujoux de M. Cobden. Par A. Grandguillot. Paris, [1868, etc.]. 8vo.

8245. ff. 3.

Hall (A. Hall). The Land the Agricultural Population. [Being letters of A. H. Hall, W. T. White, and others, in reply to two speeches delivered at Rochdale in November, 1863, by Richard Cobden and John Bright. Reprinted from the West Sussex Gazette.] Arundel, 1864. 8vo.

7075. bb. 27.

Hobart (Vere Henry). The Mission of Richard Cobden. ... Reprinted from Macmillan’s Magazine. London, [1867]. 8vo.

8139. aa.

Holdfast (Harry) pseud. A short letter to Mr. Cobden in reply to his long speech at Manchester from his quondam admirer, Harry Holdfast. London, 1849. 8vo.

8138. d.

Holtzendorff (F. von). Richard Cobden ... von F. von Holtzendorff. Virchow (R.) and Holtzendorff-Vietmansdorf (F. v.) Sammlung gemeinverständlicher wissenschaftlicher Vorträge, herausgeben von R. v. und F. v. Holtzendorff. Berlin, 1866, etc. 8vo. Series I. Heft. 17.

Kretzschmar (Auguste). Richard Cobden, der Apostel der Handelsfreiheit und die jüngste staatsökonomische Revolution in Gross-britannien. Nach der besten englischen und französischen Quellen. Grimma, 1846. 12mo.

8245. a. 69. (2).

Lammer Moor. Bowring, Cobden, and China, etc. A Memoir by Lammer Moor. Pp. 32. J. Menzies, Edinburgh, 1857. 8vo.

8022. d.

Levi (L.). On Richard Cobden, An introductory lecture, delivered in King’s College, London, etc. London, 1865. 8vo.

8205. bb. 10.

Lindsay (W. S.). Remarks on the law of partnership and limited liability. By W. S. Lindsay and Richard Cobden. London, 1856. 8vo.

6376. b. 15.

London. iii. Financial Reform Union. Papers on Taxation, etc. No. 3. A Budget for 1869, based upon Mr. Cobden’s “National Budget,” proposed in 1849. Pp. 7. [London], 1868. 8vo.

C. T. 274 (8).

MacGilchrist (John), of London. Richard Cobden, the apostle of Free Trade, his political career and public services. A biography. [Illustrated with photographs.] Pp. 294. Lockwood & Co.: London, 1865. 8vo.

10817. aa. 25.

Maitre (C.). Richard Cobden, ou l’Esprit Anglais contre l’Ésprit Français à propos de la Liberté des Échanges. Paris. 1846. 16mo.

1391. a. 35. (2.)

Mallet (Sir L.). The Political Opinions of Richard Cobden. Pp. viii.–64. Macmillan & Co.: London, 1869. 8vo.

8008. aaa.

Marsham (J. C.). How Wars arise in India. Observations on Mr. Cobden’s Pamphlet entitled “The Origin of the Burmese War.” 1853. 8vo.

8022. d.

Maydwell (Isaac). Maydwell’s Analysis of Cobden’s Addresses, with remarks on Mr. Greg’s speech at the Great League Meeting at Manchester. London, 1843. 8vo.

1391. g. 47.

Morley (John), Right Hon. The Life of Richard Cobden. 2 vols. Chapman & Hall: London, 1881. 8vo.

2406. f. 6.

— — Abridged edition. 1902. 8vo.

10816. h. 7.

Ouvry (Henry Aimè). Stein and his reforms in Prussia, with reference to the land question in England, and an appendix containing the views of Richard Cobden, and J. s. Mill’s advice to Land Reformers. London, 1873. 8vo.

8277. b. 66.

Pope (J. B.). The Curse of Cobden, or John Bull v. John Bright. [A pamphlet upon Free Trade.] W. Blackwood & Sons: Edinburgh and London, 1885. 8vo.

8228. b. 37.

Protin (P. O.). Les Économistes Apprécies, ou Nécessité de la Protection ... Cobden, Michel Chevalier—Carey—Du Mesnil—Marigny, etc. 2 pt. Paris, 1862–63. 12mo.

8206. aaa. 31.

Reybaud (M. K. L.). Economistes modernes ... Richard Cobden, M. F. Bastiat, M. M. Chevalier, M. J. S. Mill, M. L. Faucher, M. P. Rossi, etc. Paris, 1862. 8vo.

8206. f. 17.

Richards (A. B.). Cobden and his pamphlet [1793 and 1853] considered, in a letter to Richard Cobden, etc. 1853. 8vo.

8138. df.

Ritchie (j. E.). The Life of Richard Cobden [by J. E. Ritchie]: with a faithful likeness from a photograph by Eastham, etc. London, [1865]. Fol.

10816. i.

Robkin. “Robkin and Blight” [i.e., Richard Cobden and John Bright]. What unfair trade is doing for us. [Signed “Pastor Agricola.”] Pp. 23. H. T. Cooke & Son: Warwick, 1885. 8vo.

8139. b. 29. (7.)

Rogers (James Edwin Thorold). Cobden and Modern Political Opinion. Essays on certain political topics. London, 1873. 8vo.

2238. e. 12.

Russia—Appendix, History and Politics. Russia. In answer to a Manchester Manufacturer [Richard Cobden]. London, 1837. 8vo.

8026. g. 33. (1.)

Salis Schwabe (J.), Madame. Richard Cobden, Notes sur ses voyages, correspondences et souvenirs, recueillés par Mme. Salis Schwabe, avec une préface de M. G. Molinari. Pp. xvi.–384. Paris, 1879. 8vo.

10920. ee. 14.

—Reminiscences of Richard Cobden, compiled by Mrs. Salis Schwabe. With a Preface by Lord Farrer. Pp. xvi.–340. T. Fisher Unwin: London, 1895. 8vo.

10815. e. 18.

Scott (A. T.). In Memoriam. The Life and Labours of Richard Cobden ... to which is appended an account of the Funeral. London, 1865. 8vo.

10825. bb. 33. (6.)

Sibree (James). Richard Cobden: Philanthropist and Statesman. Hull: London, [1865]. 16mo.

10817. a. 49.

Simonson (F.). Richard Cobden und die antikarnzolliga, sowie ihre Bedentung für die wirthschaftlichen Verhältnisse des Deutschen Reiches. Pp. 64. Berlin, 1863. 8vo.

8229. de. 32. (11.)

Urquhart (D.). Answer to Mr. Cobden on the assimilation of war and peace [as proposed by Mr. Cobden in a letter to the Manchester Chamber of Commerce]. Also analysis of the correspondence [of the English Government] with the United States [May, June, 1861], showing the Declaration of Paris to have been violated by England and France. Pp. 64. Hardwick: London, 1862. 8vo.

1250. c. 38. (7.)

Walcker (Carl). Richard Cobden’s Volkswirthschaftliche und politische Ausichten, auf Grund aelteren und neuerer Quallen systematisch dargestellt. Pp. vi.–91. Hamburg, Leipzig [printed], 1885. 8vo.

8229. d. 35. (7.)

Warminster Fair Trade and Home Labour Defence League. The Curse of Cobden; what it means. An address to those with brains. Issued by the Warminster Fair Trade and Home Labour Defence League. [Signed for the League by John W. Hull.] Pp. 8. Warminster, [1901.] 8vo.

08226. g. 62. (13.)

Watkin (Sir E. W.), Bart. Alderman Cobden, of Manchester. Letters and reminiscences of Richard Cobden, with portraits, illustrations, etc. L.P., pp. 218. Ward & Lock: London, [1891]. 4to.

10816. g. 10

Woods (J. Crawford). In Memory of Richard Cobden, a sermon [on Isaiah x. 18, and Matt. xxv. 34, 35, 40] preached ... July 9, 1865. Adelaide, 1865. 8vo.

10816. bbb. 15. (3.)