The Online Library of Liberty

A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.

• Editorial Staff
• Editorial
• Readers’ Forum: Order Defined In the Process of Its Emergence. a Note Stimulated By Reading Norman Barry, “the Tradition of Spontaneous Order”
• Bibliographical Essay: John Gray, F. A. Hayek and the Rebirth of Classical Liberalism
• Introduction: the Revival of Interest In Hayek—a Unified Research Program In Hayek's Writings?
• The Unity and Coherence of Hayek's Writings: Conception of Mind & Unity of Knowledge
• Overview of Topics Covered In This Essay
• Hayek's General Philosophy—the Kantian Heritage
• Hayek As a Skeptical Kantian
• Three Influences On Hayek's Skeptical Kantianism: Mach, Popper, and Wittgenstein
• 1. Ernst Mach and Metaphysical Neutrality
• 2. Karl Popper: the Growth of Knowledge
• 3. Wittgenstein & Hayek
• Hayek On Knowledge and Mind: Implications For Social Theory
• Hayek's Kantian Philosophy of Mind
• Hayek's Philosophy of Mind & His Social Theory: Beyond Kantianism
• The Idea of a Spontaneous Social Order
• The Application of Spontaneous Order In Economic Life: the Catallaxy
• The Catallactic Order, Practical Knowledge, and the Calculation Debate
• Hayek's Refinements of the Misesian Calculation Debate
• Theory and Method In Economic Science
• Prediction Vs. ‘complex Phenomena’
• Hayek's Opposition to Apriori Science
• Popperian ‘conjectures & Refutations’
• Some Applications of Hayek's Methodological Views: Keynes, Friedman, and Shackle On Economic Policy
• Hayek Contra Constructivism & Social Engineering
• Hayek Contra Keynes
• Hayek Contra Friedman
• Hayek and Shackle
• Hayek's Constitution of Liberty: Ethical Basis of the Juridical Framework of Individual Liberty
• Clarifying Hayek's Moral Theory
• Hume's Influence On Hayek's Social Philosophy
• Hayek's Utilitarianism & Liberty
• Justice, Liberty, and the Rule of Law In Hayek's Constitution of Liberty
• Criticisms of Hayek's Universalizable ‘rule of Law’
• Meeting Objections to the Universalizability Test
• Kantian Universalizability & Liberal Justice
• Some Criticism of Hayek's System of Ideas: Buchanan and Oakeshott
• James Buchanan On Hayek
• Michael Oakeshott On Hayek
• Hayek's Variant of Classical Liberalism: a Fusing of Libertarian & Traditionalistic Ideals?
• Hayek's Voluntaristic Traditionalism: a Market In Traditions
• Conclusion: Hayek's Research Program & Classical Liberalism
• Footnote
• Bibliography of Friedrich A. Hayek
• Books
• Pamphlets
• Books Edited Or Introduced
• Articles In Journals, Newspapers, Or Collections of Essays
• Works About Or Relevant to Friedrich A. Hayek

Works about or relevant to Friedrich A. Hayek

Aaron, Raymond. “La Definition Libérale le Libérté.” Archiv europäischer Sociologen II (1961).

[“The Liberal Definition of Liberty.”]

Agonito, Rosemary. “Hayek Revisited: Mind as a Process of Classification.” In: Behaviorism: A Forum for Critical Discussions 3, no. 2 (Spring 1975): 162–171.

Allen, Henry. “Hayek, the Answer Man.” The Washington Post (December 2, 1982), pp. C1, C17.

Arnold, G. L. “The Faith of a Whig.” Twentieth Century London (August 1960).

Arnold, Roger A. “The Efficiency Properties of Institutional Evolution: With Particular Reference to the Social—Philosophical Works of F. A. Hayek.” Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Ph.D. Dissertation, 1979. [Dissertation supervised by James M. Buchanan.]

———. “Hayek and Institutional Evolution.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies 4, no. 4 (Fall 1980): 341–352.

Barry, Norman P. “Austrian Economists on Money and Society.” National Westminster Bank Quarterly Review (May 1981): 20–31.

———. An Introduction to Modern Political Theory. London: MacMillan, 1981.

———. Hayek's Social and Economic Philosophy. London: Macmillan, 1979.

——— “The Tradition of Spontaneous Order.” Literature of Liberty 5 (Summer 1982): 7–58.

[A major section of this article deals with Hayek.]

Baumgarth, William P. “The Political Philosophy of F. A. von Hayek.” Harvard University Ph.D. Dissertation in Government, Cambridge, Mass., 1976

——— “Hayek and Political Order: The Rule of Law.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies 2, no. 1 (Winter 1978): 11–28

Bay, Christian. “Hayek's Liberalism: The Constitution of Perpetual Privilege.” Political Science Review 1 (Fall 1971): 93–124.

Bettelheim, Charles. “Freiheit und Planwirtschaft.” In: Die Umschau. Internationale Revue, Mainz, 1 (1946): 83–192. [“Freedom and the Planned Economy.”]

Bianca, G. Verso la Schiavitù. Replica a von Hayek. Naples, 1979.

[“(The Road) to Serfdom. Reply to von Hayek.”]

Birner, Jack. “Hayek's Research Program in Economics.” Ph.D. dissertation for Erasmus University in Rotterdam, no date (1982?).

[In Dutch with a 36-page summary in English. The English summary is available at the Institute for Humane Studies, Menlo Park, CA 94025.]

Black, R.D., Collison Coats, A. W., and Goodwin, Craufurd D.W. (eds.) The Marginal Revolution in Economics: Interpretation and Evaluation. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 1973.

Böhm, Stephan B. “Liberalism and Economics in the Hapsburg Monarchy,” 12 pp. Unpublished typescript. Paper presented to “The History of Economics Society Conference,” Kress Library, Harvard University Graduate School of Business Administration, June 16–19, 1980.

[Paper available at the Institute for Humane Studies]

Boland, L.A. “Time in Economics vs. Economics in Time. The ‘Hayek Problem.’” In The Canadian Journal of Economics (Canadian Economic Association) Toronto, 2, no. 2 (1978): 240–262.

Bostaph, Samuel. “The Methodological Debate between Carl Menger and the German Historical School.” Atlantic Economic Journal 6 (September 1978): 3–16.

Bradley, Jr., Robert. “Market Socialism: A Subjectivist Evaluation.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies 5, no. 1 (Winter 1981): 23–40.

Brell, K.H. “Zur Problematik der progressiven Einkommensbesteuerung. Eine Antikritik zu F.A. von Hayeks ‘Ungerechtigkeit der Steuerprogression’ und C. Fohls ‘Kritik der progressiven Einkommensbesteurung’.” Dissertation Karlsruhe (Berenz) 1957. [“On the Problematic of the Progressive Income Tax. A Counter—Critique to F.A. von Hayek's ‘The Injustice of the Progressive Income Tax’ and C. Fohl's ‘Critique of the Progressive Income Tax.’”]

Brittan, Samuel. “Hayek and the New Right.” Encounter 54 (January 1980): 30–46.

Broadbeck, M. “On the Philosophy of the Social Sciences.” Philosophy of Science 21, no. 2 (April 1959).

Brown, Pamela. “Constitution or Competition? Alternative Views on Monetary Reform.” Literature of Liberty 5 (Autumn 1982): 7–52.

[A major section of this article surveys Hayek's proposals for the ‘denationalization’ of money. See Hayek, P-14, P-16a, and P-16b.]

Brozen, Yale M. “The Antitrust Task Force Deconcentration Recommendation.” Journal of Law & Economics 13 (October 1970) 279–292.

Buchanan, James M. “Cultural Evolution and Institutional Reform.” Unpublished manuscript.

———. Cost and Choice. Chicago: Markham Publishing Co., 1969.

———. Freedom in Constitutional Contract. College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press, 1979.

Buchanan, James M. and Thirlby G.F. (eds.) L.S.E. Essays on Cost. London: Weidenfield Nicolsen, 1973.

[Classic essays on cost from the London School of Economics, including Hayek.]

Buckley, Jr., William F. “The Road to Serfdom: The Intellectuals and Socialism.” In Fritz Machlup, ed. Essays on Hayek. New York: New York University Press, 1976, pp. 95–106.

Business Week. “The Austrian School's Advice: ‘Hands Off!’” Business Week (August 3, 1974).

Campbell, William F. “Theory and History: The Methodology of Ludwig von Mises.” University of Minnesota M.A. thesis. Minneapolis, 1962.

Chambers, Raymond J. Accounting, Evaluation and Economic Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice—Hall, Inc., 1966.

[Also see Thomas Cullom Taylor, Jr. (1970).]

Congdon, Tim. “Is the Provision of a Sound Currency a Necessary Function of the State?” National Westminster Bank Quarterly Review. (London, August 1981): 2–21. [Deals with the assorted problems of Hayek's (P-16b). See Norman P. Barry (May, 1981).]

Corbin, Peter D. (Principal Investigator, Research Coordinator, American Geographic Society.) “Geoinflationary Variations in the U.S. Economy.”

[Examination of the Austrian theory of inflation which emphasizes the spatio—temporal aspects of the inflationary process. Available at the Institute for Humane Studies.]

Crespigny, Anthony de. “F.A. Hayek, Freedom for Progress.” in Anthony de Crespigny and Kenneth Minogue (eds.) Contemporary Political Philosophers. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1975; London: Methuen, 1976, pp. 49–66.

Cunningham, Robert L. (ed.) Liberty and the Rule of Law. College Station, Texas: Texas A & M University Press, 1979.

[A collection of 13 papers delivered at a conference in honor of F.A. Hayek, Jan. 14–18, 1976 in San Francisco. Co—sponsored by Liberty Fund, Inc. and the University of San Francisco.]

Davenport, John. “An Unrepentant Old Whig.” Fortune (March 1960): 134–135, 192, 194, 197–198.

[Outline of Hayek's Social Philosophy on the occasion of the publication of B-12.]

Davis, Kenneth. Discretionary Justice: A Preliminary Inquiry. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 1969.

Delettres, J.M. Les récentes théories der crises foundées sur les disparités des prix. Paris: Pendone, 1941, pp. 195–276.

[“Recent Theories of Economic Crises Based on Disparities in Prices.”]

Diamond, Arthur M. “F.A. Hayek on Constructivism and Ethics.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies 4, no. 4 (Fall 1980): 353–366.

Dietze, Gottfried. “Hayek on The Rule of Law.” In Fritz Machlup, ed. Essays on Hayek. New York: New York University Press, 1976, pp. 107–146.

———. “From the Constitution of Liberty to its Deconstruction by Liberalist Dissipation, Disintegration, Disassociation, Disorder.” In Fritz Meyer, ed., Zur Verfassung der Freiheit. Festgabe für Friedrich von Hayek. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag (Ordo, vol. 30), 1979, pp. 177–197.

Dolan, Edwin G., editor. The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics. Kansas City: Sheed & Ward, Inc. 1976.

[Exposition by several authors of the history, principles and applications of the Austrian School of Economics. Among the topics of interest are Israel M. Kirzner's “On the Method of Austrian Economics” and “The Theory of Capital;” Murray N. Rothbard's “The Austrian Theory of Money,” and Gerald P. O'Driscoll, Jr.'s and Sudha R. Shenoy's “Inflation, Recession, and Stagflation.”]

Dorn, J.A. “Law and Liberty: A Comparison of Hayek and Bastiat.” Unpublished paper (October 1980), 50 pp.

[Available at the Institute for Humane Studies.]

Dreyhaupt, K.F. and Siepmann U. “Privater Wettbewerb im Geldwesen. Uberlegungen zu einem Vorschlag von F.A. von Hayek.” Ordo 29 (1978).

[“Private Competition in Monetary Affairs. Reflections on a Proposal by F.A. von Hayek.”]

Dyer, P.W. and Hickman, R.H. “American Conservatism and F.A. Hayek.” Modern Age 23, no. 4 (Fall 1979).

Eagley, Robert V. The Structure of Classical Economic Theory. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974.

Eastman, Max. Review of Hayek's Capitalism and the Historians. The Freeman 4 (February 22, 1954): 385–387.

Eaton, Howard O. The Austrian Philosophy of Value. Norman, Okla.: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1930.

Ebeling, Richard. “An Interview with Friedrich Hayek.” Libertarian Review (September 1977): 10–16.

———. “Reflections on John Hick's ‘The Hayek Story.’” Unpublished manuscript, no date; 23 pp.: Available from the Institute for Humane Studies, Menlo Park, California 94025.

———. “Hayek on Inflation.” Unpublished Paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference entitled “Hayek—An Introductory Course,” London, Dec. 6, 1980.

Ellis, Howard S. German Monetary Theory, 1905–1933. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1934.

Fabrini, L. “La teoria del capitale e dell interesse di F.A. Hayek.” Revista internazionale de scienze sociali. Milano, Anno 58, Series 4, Volume 22 (1950): 250–286.

[“The Theory of Capital and Interest of F.A. Hayek.”]

Falconer, Robert T. “Capital Intensity and the Real Wage: A Critical Evaluation of Hayek's Ricardo Effect.” Texas A & M Ph.D. Dissertation. College Station, Texas, 1971.

Finer, H. Road to Reaction. London: Dobson, 1946.

[Reprinted Boston, 1945. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, 1973.]

Fingleton, Eamonn. “The Guru Who Came In From the Cold.” NOW! (January 30, 1981) 39–41.

Flanagan, T.E. “F.A. Hayek on Property and Justice.” Unpublished manuscript presented at the Theory of Property Summer Workshop at the University of Calgary, July 7–14, 1978.

Frankel, S. H. “Hayek on Money.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference on Hayek at University College, London, October 28, 1978. [This conference was structured around Hayek's newly published New Studies in Philosophy, Politics, Economics and the History of Ideas. In addition to Frankel, it featured Thomas Torrance, Hillel Steiner and Jeremy Shearmur.]

Fridriksson, Fridrik. “Hayek á Íslandi 1940–1980.” Frelsid 3 (1981): 312–336. [“Hayek and Iceland, 1940–1980.”]

———. Friedrich A. Hayek. Forthcoming book developed from Fridriksson's Virginia Polytechnic Institute M.A. thesis in economics.

Garrigues, A. “El individualismo verdadero y falso, segun Hayek.” Moneda y credito, Revista de economie 34 (Madrid, 1950): 3–14.

[“Individualism: True and False, according to Hayek.”]

Garrison, Roger W. “The Austrian—Neoclassical Relation: A Study in Monetary Dynamics.” University of Virginia, Department of Economics, Ph.D. Dissertation, 1981.

Geddes, John M. “New Vogue for Critic of Keynes.” The New York Times (May 7, 1979).

Gerding, R. and Starbatty, J. “Zur ‘Entnationalisierung des Geldes.’ Eine Zwischenbilanz.” Tübingen: Walter Eucken Institut (Vorträge und Aufsätze 78) (J.C.B. Mohr/Paul Siebeck), 1980.

[“On the ‘Denationalisation of Money.’ An Interim Statement.”]

Gilbert, J.C. “Professor Hayek's Contribution to Trade Cycle Theory.” Economic Essays in Commemoration of the Dundee School of Economics, 1931–1955. pp. 51–62.

Glasner, David. “Friedrich Hayek: An Appreciation.” Intercollegiate Review 7 (Summer 1971): 251–255.

Good, D.F. “The Great Depression and Austrian Growth after 1873.” The Economic History Review 31 (1978).

Gordon, Scott. “The Political Economy of F.A. Hayek.” Canadian Journal of Economics 14 (1981): 470–487.

Graf, Hans-Georg. “Muster-Voraussagen” und “Erklärungen des Prinzips” bei F.A. von Hayek. Tübingen: Walter Eucken Institut (Vorträge und Aufsätze 65) (J.C.B. Mohr/P. Siebeck.), 1978.

[“‘Pattern-Prediction’ and'Clarification of Principle’ in F.A. von Hayek.”]

———. “Nicht-nomologische Theorie bei Komplexen Sachverhalten.” Ordo, Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 26 (1975): 298–308.

[“Non-nomological Theory in Complex Phenomena.”]

Graham, F.D. “Keynes vs. Hayek on a Commodity Reserve Currency.” The Economic Journal 54 (1944): 422–429.

Grant, James. “Hayek: The Road to Stockholm.” The Alternative: An American Spectator 8, no. 8 (May 1975): 10–12.

Gray, John N. “F.A. Hayek on Liberty and Tradition.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies 4 (Spring 1980): 119–137.

———. “Hayek on Spontaneous Order.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference on Hayek, London, Oct. 30, 1982.

Grinder, Walter E. Review of two books: Macro-economic Thinking & The Market Economy by Ludwig M. Lachmann; and A Tiger by the Tail: The Keynesian Legacy of Inflation. In Libertarian Review (November 1974): 4–5.

———. Review of 4 books: F.A. Hayek's The Counter-Revolution of Science; Individualism and Economic Order; Studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics; and Ludwig M. Lachmann's The Legacy of Max Weber. In Libertarian Review 4, no. 4 (April 1975): 4–5.

———. “In Pursuit of the Subjective Paradigm” and “Austrian Economics in the Present Crisis of Economic Thought.” In Capital, Expectations and the Market Process by Ludwig M. Lachmann. Edited by Walter E. Grinder. Kansas City: Sheed, Andrews & McMeel, Inc., 1977.

———. “The Austrian Theory of the Business Cycle: Reflections on Some Socio-Economic Effects.” Unpublished paper presented at The Symposium on Austrian Economics, University of Hartford, June 22–28, 1975.

[Available at the Institute for Humane Studies, Menlo Park, CA 94025.]

Gross, N.T. The Industrial Revolution in the Hapsburg Monarchy, 1750–1914. Fontana Economic History of Europe, vol. 4, Part 1. London, 1973.

Haberler, Gottfried. “Mises’ Private Seminar: Reminiscences.” The Mont Pélèrin Quarterly 3 (October 1961): 20–21.

[See also an expanded version in Wirtschafts Politische Blätter (Journal of Political Economy, Vienna) 28, 4 (1981). A Festschrift issue on the Centennary of Luwig von Mises’ birth (1881–1981).]

Hagel III, John. “From Laissez Faire to Zwangswirtschaft: The Dynamics of Interventionism.” Unpublished paper presented to The Symposium on Austrian Economics. University of Hartford, June 22–28, 1975, 37 pp.

[Available at the Institute for Humane Studies.]

Hamowy, Ronald. “Hayek's Conception of Freedom: A Critique.” New Individualist Review 1, no. 1 (April 1961): 28–31.

———. “Freedom and The Rule of Law in F.A. Hayek.” Il Politico 36, no. 2 (June 1971): 349–377.

———. “Law and the Liberal Society: F.A. Hayek's Constitution of Liberty.” Journal of Libertarian Studies 2, no. 4 (1978): 287–297.

Hampshire, Stuart. Thought and Action. London: Chatto and Windar, 1970.

———. “On Having a Reason.” In G.A. Vesey, ed., Human Values. Royal Institute of Philosophy Lectures, Vol II 1976–1979: Harvester Press, 1976. Chapter 5.

Haney, Lewis H. History of Economic Thought. New York: Macmillan, 1949, 4th edition. [See especially pp. 607–634 (“Fully Developed Subjectivism: The Austrian School.”) and pp. 811–831 (“Economic Thought in Germany and Austria, from 1870 to World War II.”]

Harris, R. “On Hayek.” Swinton Journal (1970).

Harrod, R. Money. London: St. Martin's Press, 1969.

———. “Professor Hayek on Individualism.” In R. Harrod, ed. Economic Essays, 2nd edition. London and New York: 1972. pp. 293–301.

Hart, H.L.A. The Concept of Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.

Hartwell, Ronald Max. “Capitalism and the Historians.” In Fritz Machlup, ed. Essays on Hayek. New York: New York University Press, 1976, pp. 73–94.

Hawtrey, Ralph G. Capital and Employment. London, 1937, especially chapter 8: “Professor Hayek's Prices and Production.”

———. “The Trade Cycle and Capital Intensity.” Economica n.s. 7 (February 1940): 1–15. [Hawtrey was an economist connected with the British Treasury from 1919 to 1937. He “developed a purely monetary theory of the business cycle on a macro-economic concept of equilibrium.” See citation under Sennholz.]

———. “Professor Hayek's Pure Theory of Capital.” Economic Journal (Royal Economic Society) 51 (London 1941): 281–290.

———. “Prof. Hayek's ‘Prices and Production’.” In Capital and Employment, 2nd edition. London: Longmans, Green & Co., 1952, pp. 233–267.

Heimann, E. “Professor Hayek on German Socialism.” The American Economic Review. 35 (1945): 935–937.

[Compare with B. Hoselitz.]

Hicks, J.R. “Maintaining Capital Intact: A Further Suggestion.” Economica 9 (1942): 174–179.

———. “The Hayek Story.” In Critical Essays in Monetary Theory. Oxford University Press: 1967.

[See Richard M. Ebeling citation.]

Hicks, J.R. and Weber, W. Carl Menger and the Austrian School of Economics. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1973.

Hoppmann, Erich (ed.) Friedrich A. von Hayek. Vorträge und Ansprächen auf der Festveranstaltung der Frieburger Wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Fakultät zum 80. Geburtstag von Friedrich A. von Hayek. Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1980.

[Festschrift with bibliography on F.A. Hayek's 80th birthday presented by the Faculty of Economics of the University of Freiburg. Contributors include: Erich Hoppmann, Berhard Stoeckle, Karl Brandt, Christian Watrin, Hans Otto Lenel, and Klaus Peter Krause. Hayek's “Dankadresse,” pp. 37–42, surveys highlights in Hayek's intellectual career and writings from the vantage point of his 80th year. The Hoppmann-edited Festschrift honoring Hayek also lists the contributors to the earlier 1979 Ordo Festschrift for Hayek, edited by Fritz Meyer, et.al (p. 53), and contains valuable updatings on bibliography by and about Hayek (pp. 55–60.)]

Hoselitz, B.F. “Professor Hayek on German Socialism.” The American Economic Review 35 (1945): 926–934.

[Compare with E. Heimann.]

Housinden, Daniel M. Capital, Profits, and Prices: An Essay in The Philosophy of Economics. New York: Columbia University Press, 1981.

Howey, Richard S. The Rise of the Marginal Utility School: 1870–1889. Lawrence, Kansas: The University of Kansas Press, 1960.

Hoy, Calvin M. “Hayek's Philosophy of Liberty.” Columbia University Ph.D. Dissertation. New York, 1982.

Hummel, Jeffrey Roger. “Problems with Austrian Business Cycle Theory.” Reason Papers No. 5 (Winter, 1979): 41–53.

Hunt, Lester. “Toward a Natural History of Morality.” Unpublished essay.

Hutchinson, T.W. The Politics and Philosophy of Economics: Marxians, Keynesians and Austrians. New York and London: New York University Press, 1981.

Janik, Allan and Toulmin, Stephen. Wittgenstein's Vienna. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973.

[Important along with Carl Schorske's volume on Fin-de-siècle Vienna for the cultural-historical context in which Hayek and his cousin Wittgenstein lived. See A-143.]

Johnson, Frank. “The Facts of Hayek.” Sunday Telegraph Magazine (London, no date, [1975?]) 30–34.

[Profile and biographical sketch along with photographs of F.A. Hayek.]

Johnston, William. The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848–1938. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1972.

Johr, W.A. “Note on Professor Hayek's ‘True Theory of Unemployment.’” Kyklos 30, no. 4 (1970): 713–723.

Jones, Harry W. “The Rule of Law and the Welfare State.” Columbia Law Review 58, no. 2 (February 1958).

Kaldor, N. “Prof. Hayek and the Concertina Effect.” In Economica N.S. 9 (1942): 148–176; reprinted in: Kaldor, Essays on Economic Stability and Growth. London: Duckworth, 1960.

Kasp, M.E. Die geldliche Wechsellagenlehre. Darstellung und Kritik de geldlichen Wechsellagentheorien von Hawtrey, Wicksell und Hayek. Jena: Fischer, 1939.

[“Monetary (Exchange) Models. Representation and Critique of the Monetary (Exchange) Theories of Hawtrey, Wicksell, and Hayek.”]

Kauder, Emil. “Intellectual and Political Roots of the Older Austrian School.” Zeitschrift für Nationalökonomie 17 (1957): 411–425.

———. A History of Marginal Utility Theory. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1965.

Keizai, S. “Theories and Thoughts of Prof. Hayek.” The World Economy. Tokyo, 1964.

Keynes, J.M. “A Reply to Dr. Hayek.” Economica 12 (November 1931): 387–397. [Cf. Hayek: A-10, A-11a, A-11b.]

Kirzner, Israel M. The Economic Point of View: An Essay in The History of Economic Thought. Princeton: Van Nostrand, 1960.

———. “Divergent Approaches in Libertarian Economic Thought.” The Intercollegiate Review 3 (January-February 1967): 101–108.

———. Competition and Entrepreneurship. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1973.

———. “Hayek, Knowledge and Market Processes.” Paper delivered at The Allied Social Science Association meetings in Dallas, Texas. New York: Xerox, 1975.

———. Perception, Opportunity and Profit. Studies in the Theory of Entrepreneurship. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1979. Chapter 2.

———. “Entrepreneurship, Choice, and Freedom.” In Verfassung der Freiheit: Festgabe für Friedrich A. von Hayek zur Vollendung seines achtzigstan Lebensjahres. Edited by Fritz W. Meyer, et.al. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag (Ordo 30) 1979, pp. 245–256.

Knight, F.H. “Professor Hayek and the Theory of Investment.” The Economic Journal 45 (1935): 77–94.

Kristol, Irving. “Capitalism, Socialism and Nihilism.” In Two Cheers for Capitalism. New York, 1978. Chapter 7.

Lachmann, Ludwig M. Macro-economic Thinking and the Market Economy: An Essay on the Neglect of the Micro-Foundations and Its Consequences. London: The Institute of Economic Affairs (Hobart Paper 56), 1973, 56 pp. Reprinted, Menlo Park, California: Institute for Humane Studies (Studies in Economics, No. 6), 1978. [See also Lachmann's essay “Toward a Critique of Macroeconomics,” pp. 152–159, in Edwin G. Dolan, ed. The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics.]

———. “Methodological Individualism in The Market Economy.” In Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek. Edited by Erich Streissler et.al. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1969.

[This essay is also reprinted in Capital, Expectations...]

———. “Reflections on Hayekian Capital Theory.” Paper delivered at The Allied Social Science Association meetings in Dallas, Texas. New York: Xerox, 1975.

———. Capital, Expectations, and the Market Process: Essays on The Theory of the Market Economy. Edited with an Introduction by Walter E. Grinder. Kansas City: Sheed Andrews & McMeel, Inc., 1977.

[See in this volume especially Walter E. Grinder's Introduction “In Pursuit of the Subjective Paradigm” (pp. 3–24) and his “Austrian Economics in the Present Crisis of Economic Thought” (pp. 25–41). Noteworthy among Lachmann's articles in this volume are: “The Significance of the The Austrian School of Economics in The History of Ideas” (pp. 45–64), and “A Reconsideration of the Austrian Theory of Industrial Fluctuations,” (pp. 267–286). The Appendix contains a useful Bibliography of “The Writings of Ludwig M. Lachmann,” (pp. 338–340.)]

———. “From Mises to Shackle: An Essay on Austrian Economics and the Kaleidic Society.” Journal of Economic Literature 14 (March 1976): 54–62.

———. “Austrian Economics under Fire: The Hayek-Sraffa Duel in Retrospect,” 18 pp. [Available at the Institute for Humane Studies.]

———. “Austrian Economics: An Interview with Ludwig Lachmann.” Interviewed by Richard Ebeling. Institute Scholar (Publication of the Institute for Humane Studies) 2, no. 2 (February 1982): 6–9.

[The Interview contains interesting facts about Hayek, The London School of Economics, and the Austrian approach to money and inflation.]

———. “Ludwig von Mises and The Extension of Subjectivism.” In Method, Process, and Austrian Economics: Essays in Honor of Ludwig von Mises. Edited by Israel M. Kirzner. Lexington, Massachusetts & Toronto: Lexington Books, D.C. Heath and Company, 1982, pp. 31–40.

Lakatos, I. “Popper on Demarcation and Induction.” In P.A. Schilpp (ed.) The Philosophy of Karl Popper. LaSalle, Illinois; 1973, pp. 241–273.

Lavoie, Don. “A Critique of the Standard Account of the Socialist Calculation Debate.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies 5, no. 1 (Winter 1981): 4–87.

——— “The Market as a Procedure for the Discovery and Convergence of Inarticulate Knowledge.” Paper presented at The Liberty Fund Conference on Thomas Sowell's Knowledge and Decisions. Savannah, Georgia; April 1982.

[See Literature of Liberty 5 (Summer 1982): 60, for a summary of Lavoie's paper.]

———. “Rivalry and Central Planning: A Reexamination of the Debate over Economic Calculation under Socialism.” Ph.D. Dissertation, New York University, 1982.

Leduc, G. “En rélisant von Hayek.” Revue d'Economie Politique 86 (1976): 491–494. [“Rereading von Hayek.”]

Leoni, Bruno. Freedom and the Law. Princeton, New Jersey: D. Van Nostrand, 1961.

Lepage, Henri. “Hayek ou l’économie politique de la liberté.” [“Hayek or the Political Economy of Liberty”]. Part 6 of Demain le libéralism [“Tomorrow Liberalism”]. Paris: Le Livre de Poche (8358L), Collection Pluriel, 1980, pp. 409–453.

[Lepage, author of the influential Tomorrow, Capitalism, surveys the scholarly achievements of Hayek, covering the Austrian School of Economics, Hayek's theory of the business cycle, his rivalry with Keynes, the value of liberty, the Road to Serfdom, and Hayek's “Grand Synthesis” (Law, Legislation and Liberty). The article is sprinkled by anecdotes culled from a long interview with Hayek in February 1979.]

Letwin, Shirley Robin. “The Achievements of Friedrich A. Hayek.” In Fritz Machlup, ed. Essays on Hayek. New York: New York University Press, 1976, pp. 147–162.

Leube, Kurt R. “Friedrich A. von Hayek—Nobelpreis für Wirtschaftswissenschaften.” (University of Salzburg Research Papers, 1974).

[“Friedrich A. von Hayek—Nobel Prize for Economic Science.”]

———. “F.A. von Hayek. Zu sienem 75. Geburtstag.” Salzburger Nachrichten 1975.

[“F.A. von Hayek. On His 75th Birthday.”]

———. “Inflationstheorie bei Hayek und Keynes.” (Paper prepared for a Seminar at the University of Salzburg, 1975).

[“Inflation Theory in Hayek and Keynes.”]

———. “Vorwort und Bibliographie zur Wiederauflage F.A. Hayek: Geldtheorie und Konjunkturtheorie. Salzburg, 1975.

[“Foreward and Bibliography to the Second (German) Edition of F.A. Hayek, Geldtheorie,” (B-1).]

———. “Ausgewählte Bibliographie zur Wiederauflage F.A. Hayek: Preise und Produktion.” Vienna, 1975.

[“Selected Bibliography to the Second (German) Edition of F.A. Hayek's Prices and Production,” (B-2).]

———. “Hayek's Perception of the ‘Rule of Law’.” The Intercollegiate Review (Winter 1976/1977).

———. “Bibliographischer Anhang.” In F.A. Hayek, Geldtheorie und Konjunktur-theorie. Salzburg: 2. erw. Aufl., 1976, pp. 148–160.

[Kurt Leube was from 1969–1977 Hayek's Research Assistant and associate at the University of Salzburg. He currently is Managing Co-editor with Albert Zlabinger of The International Carl Menger Library, Philosophia-Verlag, and is working on a life of Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk. He has written and lectured extensively on Hayek and The Austrian School of Economics. The “Bibliographical Appendix” in this entry on the German reprinting of Hayek's Geldtheorie (B-1), is but one of an extensive number of scholarly and bibliographic contributions by Leube on Hayek. In subsequent editions of the present Bibliography we will cite the extensive writings by Leube.]

———. “Bibliographisches Nachwort zur Wiederauflage F.A. Hayek:” Individualismus und wirtschaftliche Ordnung. (Salzburg 1977).

[“Bibliographical Afterword to the Second (German) Edition of F.A. Hayek: (B-7).”]

———. “Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser und Hayek.” (Unpublished paper presented in Bonn, 1977.)

———. “Wer sind die ‘Austrians’.” Wirtschaftspolitsche Blatter, 1978. [“Who Are the ‘Austrians’.”]

———. “Ökonom und Philosoph: Zum 80. Geburtstag des grossen Österreichers Friedrich A. von Hayek.” Die Industrie 19 (1979).

[“Economist and Philosopher: On the 80th Birthday of the Austrian Friedrich A. von Hayek.”]

———. “F.A. Hayek—Zum 80. Geburtstag.” Zeitschrift für das gesamte Kreditwesen. Frankfurt/M. 1979.

[“F.A. Hayek—On His 80th Birthday.”]

———. “Hayek und die österr. Schule der Nationalökonomie.” Bayern Kurier, Munich 1979. [“Hayek and the Austrian School of Economics.”]

Liggio, Leonard P. “Hayek—An Overview.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference entitled “Hayek—An Introductory Course,” London, December 6, 1980.

[See also contributions at this conference by Pirie, Ebeling, Steele, Graham Smith, and Shearmur. The edited papers, in the possession of Laurie Rantala, may be published.]

Lippincott, Benjamin E., ed. On the Economic Theory of Socialism. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1970.

Loenen, J.H.M.M. “The Concept of Freedom in Berlin and Others: An Attempt at Clarification.” The Journal of Value Inquiry 10 (Winter 1976): 279–285.

Lutz, Friedrich A. “Professor Hayek's Theory of Interest.” Economica 10 (1943): 302–310.

———. “On Neutral Money.” In Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek. Edited by Erich Streissler et. al. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969, pp. 105–116.

Lynch, Thomas E. “Toward a Rational Political Philosophy: An Essay on the Origins of Hayek's Liberal Radicalism.” B.A. Honors Thesis for The Degree in Political Economy. Williamstown, Massachusetts; Williams College, January, 1981, 72 pp. [Available at the Institute for Humane Studies, Menlo Park, CA 94025.]

McClain, Stephen Michael. “The Political Thought of the Austrian School of Economics.” The Johns Hopkins University Ph.D. Dissertation. Baltimore, 1979.

[McClain's premise is that “the Austrian School, through the writings of Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich von Hayek, explicitly and comprehensively fashioned a political theory for capitalism.” Chapters on Hayek cover his political thought, concept of liberty, limits of knowledge and the spontaneous order, the rule of law, and constitutionalism.]

Macfie, A.L. Theories of the Trade Cycle. London: Macmillan, 1934.

[Deals with Hayek's Geldtheorie und Konjunkturtheorie (B-1) and Preise und Produktion (B-2) on pp. 45–87.]

Machlup, Fritz. “Liberalism and the Choice of Freedom.” In Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek. Edited by Erich Streissler et.al.: London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969, pp. 117–146.

[Machlup has been a close personal and intellectual friend of Hayek's since the early 1920s.]

———. “Friedrich von Hayek's Contribution to Economics.” The Swedish Journal of Economics 76 (December 1974): 498–531.

[Reprinted in revised, updated form as “Hayek's Contribution to Economics” in Machlup's Essays on Hayek (1976).]

——— ed. “Hayek's Contribution to Economics.” In Essays on Hayek with a Foreword by M. Friedman. New York: New York University Press, 1976, pp. 13–59. [Contains the proceedings of a special regional meeting of the Mont Pélèrin Society (August 24–28, 1975) held at Hillsdale College (Michigan). Contributors to this quasi-Festschrift include Fritz Machlup, William F. Buckley, Jr., Gottfried Dietze, Ronald Max Hartwell, Shirley Robbin Letwin, George C. Roche III, and Arthur Shenfield. This volume contains “Excerpts of The Official Announcement of the (Swedish) Royal Academy of Sciences” (p. xv, ff) pertaining to Hayek's Nobel Prize in Economics. Also included is Hayek's brief banquet speech reprinted from the Nobel Foundation's volume Les Prix Nobel 1974, pp. 38–39.]

———. “Friedrich von Hayek on Scientific and Scientistic Attitudes.” The Swedish Journal of Economics 76 (1974).

[Reprinted in Machlup, Methodology of Economics and Other Social Sciences. New York and London, 1978, pp. 513–519.]

———. Würdigung der Werke von Friedrich August von Hayek. Tübingen: Walter Eucken Institut (Vorträge und Aufsätze, Heft 62), 1977, pp. 63–75.

[“Assessment of the Works of Friedrich August von Hayek.”]

Mackie, J.L. Ethics: Inventing Right and Wrong London: Penguin Books, 1977, pp. 83–102.

Maling, Charles E. “Austrian Business Cycle Theory and Its Implications.” Reason Papers No. 2 (Fall 1975): 65–90.

Marget, Arthur W. “Review of Friedrich A. Hayek, Prices and Production and Preise und Produktion.” Journal of Political Economy 40 (April 1932): 261–266.

Matis, H. Osterreichs Wirtschaft 1848–1913. [“Austria's Economy, 1848–1913.”] Berlin, 1972.

———. “Sozioökonomische Aspekte des Liberalismus in Osterreich 1848–1918.” [“Socio-economic Aspects of Liberalism in Austria, 1848–1918.”] In H.-U. Wehler, ed. Sozialgeschichte Heute. Göttingen, 1974.

May, Arthur. Vienna in the Age of Franz Josef. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1966.

[See especially Chapter 3, “The Kingdom of Learning,” and Chapter 7, “Science and Scholarship.”]

Melis, R. “Rettifiche al neutralismo economico.” Il Politico 16 (1951) 275–284.

[“Alterations in Economic Neutrality.”]

Meyer, Fritz W. et. al, eds. Zur Verfassung der Freiheit: Festgabe für Friedrich A. von Hayek zur Vollendung seines achtzigsten Lebensjahres. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag. (Ordo: Jahrbuch für die Ordnung von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, vol. 30), 1979.

[“On the Constitution of Liberty: A Gift for Friedrich A. von Hayek on the Completion of his 80th Year.” This Festschift honoring Hayek contains contributions from Karl Popper, Chiaki Nishiyama, George J. Stigler, Ludwig M. Lachmann, Charles K. Rowley, Arthur Seldon, Christian Watrin, Israel Kirzner, James M. Buchanan, Milton Friedman, and others.]

Milgate, M. “On the Origin of the Notion of ‘Intertemporal Equilibrium’.” Economica 46 (Fall 1979).

[Cf. Hayek, A-6.]

Miller, David. “Review of Law, Legislation and Liberty, Vol. II: The Mirage of Social Justice.” British Journal of Law and Society 4 (Summer 1977): 142–145.

Miller, Eugene F. “Hayek's Critique of Reason.” Modern Age 20, no. 4 (Fall 1976): 383–394.

———. “The Cognitive Basis of Hayek's Political Thought.” In Robert L. Cunningham Liberty and the Rule of Law. College Station and London: Texas A & M University Press, 1979. pp. 242–267.

Miller, Robert. “Hayek, the Inter-War Years and the Gold Standard.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society, June 10, 1978.

Minard, Lawrence. “Wave of the Past? Or Wave of the Future?” Forbes (October 1, 1979): 45–50, 52

[Profile on Hayek with painting of Hayek featured in the cover of this issue of Forbes. This painting is now at the Heritage Foundation in Washington, D.C.]

Mises, Ludwig von. Bureaucracy. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1944.

———. Human Action. Chicago: Henry Regnery, 1966.

———. The Historical Setting of the Austrian School. New Rochelle, New York, 1969.

———. The Theory of Money and Credit. Irvington-on-Hudson, New York: Foundation for Economic Education, 1971; Indianapolis: Liberty Classics, 1981. [Foreward by Murray N. Rothbard, (1981); Preface by Lionel Robbins (1934)]

———. On the Manipulation of Money and Credit. Dobbs Ferry, New York: Free Market Books, 1978.

Molsberger, G. “Grundsätzliches über Freiheit, Ordnung und Wettbewerb.” In Ordo, Jahrbuch 24 (1973): 315–325.

[“Basic Principle of Freedom, Order and Competition.”]

Morrell, Stephen O. “In Search of a New Monetary Order: An Open Discussion on Aspects of a Freely Competitive Monetary Arrangement.” Institute Scholar (Publication of the Institute for Humane Studies) 1, no. 1, (1980): 1–2.

Morris, M.W. “The Political Thought of F.A. Hayek.” Political Studies 2 (1972): 169–184.

Moss, Lawrence S., ed. The Economics of Ludwig von Mises: Toward a Critical Reappraisal. Kansas City: Sheed and Ward, Inc., 1976.

[This volume resulted from the Symposium on the Economics of Ludwig von Mises, Atlanta, Georgia, November 5, 1974 to assess the recently deceased Mises’ (Sept. 29, 1881-Oct. 10, 1973) contributions to economic and social thought. Among the interesting essays included in this volume are Fritz Machlup's “The Monetary Economics of Ludwig von Mises” and Israel M. Kirzner's “Ludwig von Mises and Economic Calculation under Socialism.” Since Hayek's life and writings are intimately connected with those of von Mises, this volume offers a valuable research tool in Fritz Machlup's two Appendices on Mises: “Chronology” and “Major Translated Writings of Ludwig von Mises.”]

Murray, A.H. “Professor Hayek's Philosophy.” Economica 12 (August 1945): 149–162.

Nawroth, E.E. Die Sozial-und Wirtschaftsphilosophie des Neoliberalismus. Heidelberg: Kerle and Lowen: Nauwelaerts, 1961.

[“The Social and Economic Philosophy of Neoliberalism.”]

Nishiyama, Chiaki. “The Theory of Self-Love. An Essay on the Methodology of the Social Sciences, and Especially of Economics, with Special Reference to Bernard Mandeville.” University of Chicago Ph.D. Dissertation, 1960.

[Nishiyama's dissertation was done under Hayek's supervision. From 1950–1962 Hayek was professor of social and moral science in the Committee of Social Thought headed by John U. Nef at the University of Chicago. 1960 also saw the publication of Hayek's B-12.]

———. “Hayek's Theory of Sensory Order and the Methodology of the Social Sciences.” The Journal of Applied Sociology 7 (Tokyo 1964).

———. “Revival of the Philosophy of Economics: A Critique of Hayek's System of Liberty.” The Economics Studies Quarterly 15, no. 2. (Tokyo 1965).

———. “Arguments for the Principles of Liberty and the Philosophy of Science.” Il Politico 32 (June 1967): 336–347.

[Commentary on and response to Hayek, A-115.]

———. “Anti-Rationalism or Critical Rationalism.” In Zur Verfassung der Freiheit: Festgabe für Friedrich A. von Hayek zur Vollendung seines achtzigsten Lebensjahres. Edited by Fritz W. Meyer et.al. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag (Ordo 30) 1979, pp. 21–42.

———. Human Capitalism. A Presidential Lecture delivered at the 1981 Stockholm Regional Meeting of The Mont Pélèrin Society, August 30, 1981. Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 1982, 33 pp.

Nozick, Robert. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books, 1974.

———. “On Austrian Methodology.” Synthese 36 (1977): 353–392.

Oakeshott, Michael. Rationalism in Politics. London: Methuen, 1962.

O'Driscoll, Jr. Gerald P. “Hayek and Keynes: A Retrospective Assessment.” Iowa State University Department of Economics Staff Paper No. 20. Ames, Iowa: Xerox 1975. [Paper prepared for the Symposium on Austrian Economics, University of Hartford, June 22–28, 1975.]

———. “Comments on Professor Machlup's Paper.” Unpublished manuscript presented at a special regional meeting of the Mont Pélèrin Society, held August 24–28, 1975, at Hillsdale College in Hillsdale, Michigan.

[The quasi-Festschrift volume (Essays on Hayek. Edited by Fritz Machlup. New York: New York University Press, 1975) was a product of the Hillsdale Mont Pélèrin meeting and included the important Fritz Machlup bibliographical essay (in revised form) to which Prof. O'Driscoll alludes in his title. O'Driscoll's comments in this unpublished manuscript assess Hayek's contributions to economic and social theory.]

———. “Spontaneous Order and the Coordination of Economic Activities.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies 1, no. 2 (Spring 1977): 137–151.

———. Economics as a Coordination Problem: The Contributions of Friedrich A. Hayek with a foreward by F.A. Hayek. Kansas City: Sheed Andrews & McMeel, 1977.

———. “Frank A. Fetter and ‘Austrian’ Business Cycle Theory.” History of Political Economy 12, 4 (1980): 542–557.

O'Driscoll, Gerald P. and Rizzo, Mario J. “What Is Austrian Economics?” Presented at The American Economic Association meetings in Denver, October 1980, 70 pp. [A revised and enlarged version will be forthcoming as a book: Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1983, to be entitled The Economics of Time and Ignorance.]

O'Neill, John, ed. Modes of Individualism and Collectivism. London: Heinemann, 1973. [A wide-ranging anthology of articles, including Hayek's “Scientism and the Study of Society” (A-46), sections from Karl Popper's The Poverty of Historicism (1961), etc. The O'Neill anthology presents the methodological debate in the social sciences over scientism and the confrontation between methodological individualism and its opponents. Contains a valuable bibliography on these issues, pp. 339–346. See also Jeffrey Paul (1974).]

Palmer, G.G.D. “The Rate of Interest in the Trade Cycle Theories of Prof. Hayek.” The South African Journal of Economics 23 (1955): 1–18.

Pasour, Jr., E.C. “Cost and Choice—Austrians vs. Conventional Views.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies (Winter 1978): 327–336.

Paul, Jeffrey Elliott. “Individualism, Holism, and Human: An Investigation into Social Scientific Methodology.” Brandeis University (Department of Philosophy) Ph.D. Dissertation [74–16, 832] 1974.

[See also John O'Neill, ed. (1973).]

Peel, J.D.Y. Herbert Spencer: The Evolution of a Sociologist. London: Heinemann, 1971.

Pigou, A.C. “Maintaining Capital Intact, on F.A. von Hayek: The Pure Theory of Capital.” Economica 8 (1941): 271–275.

Pirie, Madsen. “Hayek—An Introduction.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference entitled “Hayek—An Introductory Course,” London, December 6, 1980.

Plant, Sir Arnold. “A Tribute to Hayek—The Rational Persuader.” Economic Age 2, no. 2 (Jan.-Feb. 1970): 4–8.

Polanyi, Michael. “The Determinants of Social Action.” In Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek. Edited by Erich Streissler et.al. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969, pp. 145–179.

[A paper on the polycentric self-regulating processes of the spontaneous order vs. central planning. Polanyi was the first to coin the term 'spontaneous order’ and originally presented the present essay at the University of Chicago in 1950, the year in which Hayek joined the Committee on Social Thought at the University of Chicago. See also Polanyi's The Logic of Liberty. London and Chicago, 1951.]

Quine, W.V. Ontological Relativity. New York, 1969.

Raico, Ralph. “A Libertarian Maestro.” The Alternative: An American Spectator 8, no. 8 (May 1975): 21–23.

[Analysis of Hayek.]

Ranulf, Sv. “On the Survival Chances of Democracy.” Aarhus (Universitetsforlaget). Copenhagen: Munksgaard, 1948.

Raz, Joseph. “The Rule of Law and Its Virtues.” Law Quarterly Review 93 (April, 1977): 185–211.

[Reprinted in Cunningham (1979), pp. 3–21.]

Reekie, W. Duncan. Industry, Prices and Markets. Oxford: Philip Allan Publishers, Ltd. 1979. American Publisher, John Wiley, 1979.

Rees, J.C. “Hayek on Liberty.” Philosophy (1961).

Rhees, Rush. Without Answers. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969.

Rizzo, Mario J. Time, Uncertainty and Equilibrium—Explorations on Austrian Themes. Lexington, Mass.: Heath and Co., 1979.

Robbins, Lionel. “Hayek on Liberty.” Economica (February 1961): 66–81. [Cf. following version of this article.]

———. “Hayek on Liberty.” Economics and Politics. London: Macmillan, 1963.

[Cf. preceding version of this article.]

———. Autobiography of an Economist. London: Macmillan & Co., 1971.

Roberts, Paul Craig. Alienation in the Soviet Economy. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1971.

Robertson, David J. “Why I Am a Conservative.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society, March 11, 1978.

[A critique of Hayek's “Why I am not a Conservative.”]

Roche III, George C. “The Relevance of Friedrich A. Hayek.” In Fritz Machlup, ed., Essays on Hayek. New York: New York University Press, 1976, 1–12.

Rothbard, Murray N. Man, Economy and State. Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand, 1962.

———. “The Case for a 100 Percent Gold Dollar.” In Leland B. Yeager (ed.) In Search of Monetary Constitution. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962, pp. 94–136.

———. “Money, The State and Modern Mercantilism.” Modern Age (Summer 1963): 279–289.

———. “Von Mises, Ludwig.” In International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Edited by David L. Sills. New York: The Macmillan Company & The Free Press, 1968, 1972, vol. 15, 16, 17, pp. 379–382.

———. “Conservatives Gratified by Nobel Prize to Von Hayek.” Human Events (November 16, 1974).

———. America's Great Depression. Kansas City: Sheed & Ward, 1975.

———. “The Austrian Theory of Money.” In Edwin G. Dolan (ed.) The Foundations of Modern Austrian Economics. Kansas City: Sheed & Ward, 1976, pp. 160–184.

———. “The New Deal and The International Monetary System.” In Watershed of Empire: Essays on New Deal Foreign Policy. Edited by Leonard P. Liggio and James J. Martin. With a Preface by Felix Morley. Colorado Springs: Ralph Myles, Publisher, 1976, pp. 19–64.

———. “Inflation and the Business Cycle: The Collapse of the Keynesian Paradigm.” In For a New Liberty. New York: Collier Macmillan, 1978, pp. 171–193.

———. What Has Government Done to Our Money? Novato, California: Libertarian Publishers, 1978.

———. “F.A. Hayek and the Concept of Coercion.” Ordo 31 (Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1980), pp. 43–50.

[See following citation.]

———. “F.A. Hayek and the Concept of Coercion.” In The Ethics of Liberty. Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities Press 1981. Chapter 28.

[See preceding citation for original publication of this essay.]

———. “The Laissez-Faire Radical: A Quest for the Historical Mises.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies 5, no. 3 (Summer 1981): 237–254.

Roy, Subroto. “On Liberty and Economic Growth: Preface to a Philosophy for India.” Cambridge University Ph.D. Dissertation, 1982.

Rueff, Jacques. “Laudatio: Un Message pour le siècle.” In Erich Streissler et al., eds. Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969, pp. 1–3.

[Tribute to Hayek's intellectual achievements: “Laudatio: a Message for the Age,” presented for the Hayek 70th birthday Festschrift.]

Rupp, Hanns Heinrich. “Zweikammersystem und Bundesverfassungsgericht. Bermerkungen zu einem verfassungspolitischen Reformvorschlag F.A. von Hayeks.” In Zur Verfassung der Freiheit: Festgabe für Friedrich A. von Hayek zur Vollendung seines achtzigsten Libensjahres. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag, 1979, pp. 95–104.

[“A Two-Chamber System and the Federal Constitutional Court—Notes on a Proposition of F.A. von Hayek for a Constitutional Reform.”]

Ryle, Gilbert. “Knowing How and Knowing That.” Proceedings on the Aristotelian Society 46, (1945/1946): 1–16.

Sabrin, Murray and Corbin, Peter B. (American Geographical Society.) “Geographical Implications of Austrian Trade-Cycle Theory: An Analysis of the U.S. Economy, 1947–1972.” A Preliminary Report to the Fred C. Koch Foundation. Wichita, Kansas (February 1976), 68 pp.

[Empirical studies testing Austrian trade cycle theory, accompanied by computer graphic print-out. See Corbin. Available at the Institute for Humane Studies.]

Sacristan, A. “Friedrich August von Hayek o el intento de romper con la neoclassica.” In Comercio Esterior 25 (1975), pp. 193–195.

[“Friedrich August von Hayek on the Intention of Breaking with Neoclassicism.”]

Sampson, Geoffrey. “Nozick vs. Hayek; Retrospective vs. Anticipant Liberalism.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference on Nozick, Oct. 27, 1979.

Sarduski, W. “The Political Doctrine of Neoliberalism and the Problem of Democracy.” Panstwo i Prawo 3 (1978): 90–100.

Saulnier, R.J. Contemporary Monetary Theory: Studies on Some Recent Theories of Money, Prices and Production. New York: Columbia University Press, 1938 and London: King, 1938.

Schorske, Carl E. Fin-de-siècle Vienna, Politics and Culture. New York: Basic Books, 1980. [See also Allan Janik and Stephen Toulmin, Wittgenstein's Vienna (1973); Arthur May, Vienna in the Age of Franz Josef (1966); and William Johnston, The Austrian Mind: An Intellectual and Social History, 1848–1938. Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1972.]

Schuller, A. “Konkurrenz der Wahrungen als geldwirtschaftliches Ordnungsprinzip.” In Wirtschaftspolitische Chronik (Institut für Wirtschaftspolitik an der Universitat Koln) 26 (1977): 23–50.

[“Concurrent Monetary Standards as an Ordering Principle of Monetary Economics.”]

Schumpeter, Joseph. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London: Unwin, 1974. New York: Harper and Row, 1950.

———. History of Economic Analysis. Edited from manuscript by Elizabeth Boody Schumpeter. New York: Oxford University Press, 1954, 1966.

Scott, K.J. “Methodological and Epistemological Individualism.” The British Journal of the Philosophy of Science 2 (1960/1961).

Seldon, Arthur. “Hayek on Liberty and Liberalism.” Contemporary Review 200 (1961): 399–406.

———, ed. “Philosophy” Agenda for a Free Society: Essays on Hayek's The Constitution of Liberty. London: Published for the Institute of Economic Affairs by Hutchinson, 1961.

Seligman, Ben B. Main Currents in Modern Economics: Economic Thought Since 1870. New York: The Free Press of Glencoe, 1962.

Sennholz, Hans F. “Chicago Monetary Tradition in the Light of Austrian Theory.” Reason 3, no. 7 (October 1971): 24–30.

Shackle, G.L.S. Epistemics and Economics: A Critique of Economic Doctrines. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972, 1976.

Shearmur, Jeremy. “Hayek, Smith (and Hume).” Unpublished manuscript of paper presented at one-day Conference on Hayek at University College, London, October 28, 1978, and sponsored by The Carl Menger Society.

———. “Libertarianism and Conservatism in the Work of F.A. von Hayek.” Unpublished manuscript; lecture originally presented to the Carl Menger Society in London, 1976.

———. “Menger, Hayek & Methodological Individualism.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society, February 11, 1978.

———. “Abstract Institutions in an Open Society.” In H. Berghel and others, eds. Wittgenstein, The Vienna Circle and Critical Materialism. Vienna: Hölder-Richler-Tempsky, 1979, pp. 349–354.

———. “Hayek and the Invisible Hand.” Unpublished paper presented to the Seminar for Austro-German Philosophy at Carl Menger joint conference on Austrian Philosophy & Austrian Politics, London, April 26, 1980.

———. “Hayek on Politics.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society conference entitled “Hayek—An Introductory Course,” London, Dec. 6, 1980.

———. “Hayek on Law.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference on Hayek, London, October 30, 1982.

———. Adam Smith's Second Thoughts. (pamphlet). London: Adam Smith Club, 1982.

———. “The Austrian Connection: F.A. Hayek and the Thought of Carl Menger.” In B. Smith and W. Grassl, eds. Austrian Philosophy and Austrian Politics. Munich: Philosophia Verlag, forthcoming (1982–1983).

Shenfield, Arthur. “Scientism and the Study of Society.” In Fritz Machlup, ed. Essays on Hayek. New York: New York University Press, 1976, 61–72.

———. “Friedrich A. Hayek: Nobel Prizewinner.” In Fritz Machlup, ed., Essays on Hayek. New York: New York University Press, 1976, pp. 171–176.

———. “The New Thought of F.A. Hayek.” Modern Age 20 (Winter 1976): 54–61.

Shenoy, Sudha R. “Introduction: The Debate, 1931–71.” in F.A. Hayek, A Tiger by the Tail: The Keynesian Legacy of Inflation. Compiled and Introduced by Sudha Shenoy.

London: The Institute of Economic Affairs, 1972, pp. 1–12.

Shibata, K. A Dynamic Theory of World Capitalism, 2nd edition. Kyoto: Sanwa Shobo, September 1954.

Silverman, Paul. “Law and Economics in Interwar Vienna: Kelsen, Mises, and the Geistkreis.” University of Chicago Dissertation.

———. “Science and Liberalism in Interwar Vienna: The Mises and Vienna Circles.” Paper prepared for the Liberty Fund Seminar on Austrian Economics and its Historical and Philosophical Background, Graz, Austria. July 28–31, 1980, 53 pp. Available at the Institute for Humane Studies, Menlo Park, CA 94025. [This Conference had contributions by Israel Kirzner, Ludwig Lachmann, Carl Schorshe, and other.]

Simson, W. von “Zu F.A. Hayeks verfassungsrechtlichen Ideen.” Der Staat, Zeitschrift für Staatslehre, Offentliches Recht un Verfassungeschichte. Berlin 18, no. 3, (1979): 403–421.

[“On F.A. Hayek's Ideas of Constitutional Justice.”]

Smith, Graham. “Hayek on Law.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society conference entitled “Hayek—An Introductory Course,” London, Dec. 6, 1980.

Sowell, Thomas. Knowledge and Decisions. New York: Basic Books, 1980.

Spadero, Louis M. ed. New Directions in Austrian Economics. Kansas City: Sheed Andrews & McMeel, 1978.

Spencer, Roger W. “Inflation, Unemployment and Hayek.” Review (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.) 57 (1975): 6–10.

Spiegel, Henry William. The Growth of Economic Thought. Chapter 23: “The Austrian School Accent on Utility.”

[Also note Spiegel's valuable annotated Bibliography.]

Sraffa, Piero. “Dr. Hayek on Money and Capital [on F.A. von Hayek's Prices and Production] London 1931.” The Economic Journal 42 (1932): 42–53, 249–251.

Stadler, M. “Vollbeschaftigung um jeden Preis?” Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 3 (1978).

[“Full Employment at any Price?”]

Steedman, Ian. “On Some Concepts of Rationality in Economics.” No date, 27 pp.

[Deals with Hayek's notion of economic rationality and cites Hayek's (A-34) and (A-46). Available at the Institute for Humane Studies.]

Steele, David Ramsey. “Spontaneous Order and Traditionalism in Hayek.” Expanded version of a paper delivered to The Colloquium on Austrian Philosophy and Austrian Politics, organized jointly by The Seminar for Austro-German Philosophy & The Carl Menger Society, at The Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, April 26–27, 1980, 75 pp. (Available at the Institute for Humane Studies.)

———. “Hayek on Socialism.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference entitled “Hayek—An Introductory Course,” London, Dec. 6, 1980.

———. “Posing The Problem: The Impossibility of Economic Calculation under Socialism.” The Journal of Libertarian Studies. 5, no. 1 (Winter 1981): 7–22.

Steiner, Hillel. “Hayek and Liberty.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference on Hayek, Oct. 28, 1978.

Stewart, William P. “Methodological Individualism: A Commentary on F.A. von Hayek.” Unpublished paper presented at the First Libertarian Scholars Conference. New York, September 23–24, 1972.

Stigler, George J. “The Development of Utility Theory.” Journal of Political Economy 58 (1950): 307–327, 372–396.

Streeten, P. “Principles and Problems of a Liberal Order of the Economy.” Weltwirt-schaftliches Archiv 104 (1970): 1–5.

Streissler, Erich et al. eds. Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969.

[This Festschrift of “honorary essays” presented to Hayek on his 70th birthday includes essays by Streissler, Jacques Rueff, Peter T. Bauer, James M. Buchanan, Gottfried Haberler, George N. Halm, Ludwig M. Lachmann, Friedrich A. Lutz, Fritz Machlup, Frank W. Paish, Michael Polanyi, Karl R. Popper, Günter Schmölders, and Gordon Tulloch. This Festschrift also contains the first extensive Hayek bibliography, pp. 309–315, composed in the early months of 1969. Streissler's own contributions in Roads to Freedom include a useful “Introduction” to Hayek's life and writings and the essay “Hayek on Growth: A Reconsideration of His Early Theoretical Work,” pp. 245–285.]

———, ed. “Bibliography of the Writings of Friedrich A. von Hayek.” Roads to Freedom: Essays in Honour of Friedrich A. von Hayek. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1969, pp. 309–315.

[This bibliography is the earliest of the extensive Hayek bibliographies, presented as part of a Festschrift to Hayek on his 70th birthday. See previous citation.]

Streissler, Erich and Watrin, Christian, eds. with the collaboration of Monika Streissler. Zur Theorie marktwirtschaftlicher Ordnungen. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1980.

[“On the Theory of Market Economic Orders.” Twelve articles and 9 commentaries on the philosophical, evolution-theoretical, economic and social dimensions of market-economic thought.]

Swan, George Steven. “The Libertarian Future: Biologically Impossible?” Individual Liberty (Newsletter of The Society for Individual Liberty) 12 (November 1981): 4–5.

[Commentary on Hayek's P-19.]

Taylor, Fred M. “The Guidance of Production in a Socialist State.” Benjamin E. Lippincott (ed.) On The Economic Theory of Socialism. New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1970.

Taylor, Jr., Thomas Cullom. “Accounting Theory in the Light of Austrian Economic Analysis.” The Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. (Accounting) Ph.D. Dissertation, [70–18, 565], 1970

Taylor, Thomas C. The Fundamentals of Austrian Economics. London: Published by the Adam Smith Institute in association with The Carl Menger Society, 1980, 2nd edition. (First published by the Cato Institute.)

Torrance, J. “The Emergence of Sociology in Austria, 1885–1935.” Archives Européennes de Sociologie 17 (1976).

Torrence, Thomas. “Hayek's Critique of Social Injustice.” Unpublished paper presented to The Carl Menger Society Conference on Hayek, October 28, 1978.

Tsiang, S. Ch. “The Variations of Real Wages and Profit Margins in Relation to the Trade Cycle.” Dissertation. London: Pittman, 1947.

Ullmann-Margalit, Edna. “Invisible Hand Explanations.” Synthese 30 (1978): 263–281. [See Vernon (1979) and Barry (1982).]

Vaughn, Karen I. “Does It Matter That Costs are Subjective?” Southern Economic Journal (Summer 1980): 702–715.

Vernon, R. “The ‘Great Society’ and the ‘Open Society’: Liberalism in Hayek and Popper.” Canadian Journal of Political Science 9 (June 1976).

———. “Unintended Consequences.” Political Theory 7 (1979): 57–74.

Viner, Jacob. “Hayek on Freedom and Coercion.” Southern Economic Journal 27 (January 1961): 230–236.

Walter Eucken Institut (Mohr, J.C.B. & Siebeck, P.). “Bibliographie der Schriften von F.A. von Hayek.” In Freiburger Studien, Gesammelte Aufsätze, Wirtschaft-swissenschaftliche und wirtschaftsrechtliche Untersuchungen 5, Tübingen: Walter Eucken Institut, 1969, pp. 279–284.

Weber, Wilhelm. “Wirtschaftswissenschaft und Wirtschaftspolitik in Österreich, 1848–1948.” [“Economic Science Economics Policy in Austria, 1848–1948.”] In Hans Mayer, ed. Hundert Jahre österreichischer Wirtschaftsentwicklung, 1848–1948. Vienna: Springer, 1949, pp. 624–678.

Weiler, Gershon. Mauthner's Critique of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

[Also see Janik & Toulmin, Wittgenstein's Vienna.]

Weimer, W.B. and Palerma, D.S. (eds.) Cognition and Symbolic Processes, Vol. II. New York, 1978.

Welinder, C. “Hayek och ‘Ricardo-effekten’” In Ekonomisk Tidsskrift (Uppsala och Stockholm) 42 (1940): 33–39.

[“Hayek on the ‘Ricardo-Effect.’”]

White, Lawrence H. “Mises, Hayek, Hahn and The Market Process: Comment on Littlechild.” In Method, Process, and Austrian Economics: Essays in Honor of Ludwig von Mises. Edited by Israel M. Kirzner. Lexington, Mass. & Toronto: Lexington-Books, D.C. Heath and Company, 1982, pp. 103–110.

Widmer, Kingsley. “Utopia and Liberty: Some Contemporary Issues Within Their Tradition.” Literature of Liberty 4, no. 4 (Winter 1981): 5–62, especially pp. 8–10, with notes.

Wien-Claudi, F. Austrian Theories of Capital, Interest and the Trade Cycle. London: Nott: 1936.

Wieser, Friedrich Frieherr von. “The Austrian School and the Theory of Value.” Economic Journal (England) (1891).

———. “The Theory of Value (A Reply to Professor Macvane).” Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science (1891).

———. Social Economics. Translated by A. Ford Himrichs. With a Preface by Wesley Clair Mitchell. New York: Adolphis Co., 1927. Reprinted New York: Augustus M. Kelley, 1967.

[In his preface, Mitchell refers to von Weiser's recent death (July 23, 1926) and to von Weiser's “pupil and friend, Dr. Friedrich A. von Hayek.” The translator, Himrichs, states: “Dr. Friedrich A. von Hayek, a pupil and close friend of von Weiser, has read the proofs and submitted many suggestions.”]

Wilde, Olga. “Bibliographie der wissenschaftlichen Veröffenlichungen von Friedrich von Hayek.” In Friedrich A. von Hayek, edited by Erich Hoppmann. Baden—Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1980, pp. 55–56.

[“Bibliography of the Scholarly Publications of Friedrich A. von Hayek.”]

Wilhelm, Morris M. “The Political Philosophy of Friedrich A. Hayek.” Columbia University Ph.D. Dissertation in Political Science, New York, 1969. An article based on this, in condensed form, appears as “The Political Thought of Friedrich A. Hayek,” in Political Studies 20, no. 2 (June 1972): 169–184.

Willgerodt, H. “Liberalismus zwischen Spontaneitat und Gestaltung. Zu v. Hayek's gesammelten Aufsatzen.” In Zeitschrift für Wirtschafts-und Sozialwissenschaften. Berlin 92, no. 4, (1972): 461–465.

[“Liberalism between Spontaneity and Organization. On von Hayek's Collected Articles.” Refers to B-14.]

Winch, Peter. “Nature and Convention.” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 60 (1959–1960): 231–252. Reprinted as Chapter 3 of Winch's Ethics and Action. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1976.

Winterberger, G. “Friedrich August von Hayek—Zum Achtzigsten Geburtstag des grossen Nationalökonomen, Stadts- und Rechtsphilosophen.” Schweizer Monatshefte 5 (1979): 359–363.

[“Friedrich August von Hayek: On the 80th Birthday of the Great Economist, Social Scientist, and Moral Philosopher.”]

Wootton, B. Freedom Under Planning. London: Allen & Unwin, 1946.

Worsthorne, Peregrine. “F. A. Hayek: Next Construction for the Giant.” In: Prophets of Freedom and Enterprise. Edited by Michael Ivens. London: Kogan Page, Ltd., for Aims of Industry, 1975. pp. 70–80.

Zöller, Michael. “Handeln in Ungewissheit. F.A. v. Hayek's Grundlegung einer freiheitlichen Sozialphilosphie.” [“Acting under Uncertainty. F.A. von Hayek's Foundation of a Liberal Social Philosophy.”] In Zur Verfassung der Freiheit: Festgabe für Friedrich A. von Hayek zur Vollendung seines achtzigsten Lebensjahres. Stuttgart, New York: Gustav Fischer Verlag (Ordo 30), 1979, pp. 117–129.