The Online Library of Liberty

A project of Liberty Fund, Inc.

• Preface.
• Introduction.
• Transliteration and Translation
• Prologue.
• Transliteration.
• Translation.
• The Code of Ḫammurabi.
• Transliteration.
• Translation.
• Epilogue - Transliteration.
• Epilogue - Translation.
• Proper Names and Glossary

TRANSLITERATION.

COLUMN XL.

1 Di-na-a-at | mi-ša-ri-im | ša Ḫa-am-mu-ra-bi | šar-ru-um li-u-um 5 u-ki-in-nu-ma | ma-tam u-sa-am ^bki-nam | u ri-dam ^bdam-ga-am | u-ša-az-bi-tu | Ḫa-am-mu-ra-bi 10 šar-ru-um gi-it-^bma-lum a-na-ku | a-na SAG.GIG | ša ^iluBêl ^biš-ru-kam | ri-u-zi-na | ^iluMarduk i-din-nam 15 u-ul e-gu | a-ḫi u-ul ad-di | aš-ri šu-ul-mi-im | eš-te-i-ši-na-šim | pu-uš-ki ^bwa-[aš]-tu-tim 20 u-[pi]-it-ti | 1 [u]-si-am u-še-zi-^bši-na-ši-im | i-na kakkim ^bda-an-nim | ša ^iluZA.MA(L).MA(L) | u ^iluNanâ 25 u-ša-at-li-mu-uim | i-na egigalim | ša ^iluEN.KI ^bi-ši-ma-am | i-na li-u-tim | ša ^iluMarduk ^bid-di-nam 30 na-ak-ri e-li-iš | u ša-ap-li-iš ^baz-zu-uḫ | ga-ab-la-tim ^bu-bi-el-li | ši-ir ma-tim | u-ti-ib 35 ni-ši da-ad-mi | a-bu-ur-ri | u-šar-be-iṣ | mu-gal-li-tam | u-ul u-šar-ši-^bši-na-ti 40 ilâni rabûti | ib-bu-u-nin-ni-ma | a-na-ku-ma | rê’um mu-ša-al-^bli-mu-um | ša ḫaṭṭu-šu 45 i-ša-ra-at | ṣi-li ṭa-bu-um | a-na ali-ia | ta-ri-iṣ | i-na ut-li-ia 50 ni-ši mât ^bŠu-me-er-im | u Ak-ka-di-im | u-ki-il | i-na la-ma-zi-ia | aḫ-ḫi-ša 55 i-na šu-ul-mi-im | at-tab-ba-al-^bši-na-ti | i-na ne-me-ḳi-ia | uš-tap-ṣi-ir-^bši-na-ti | dan-nu-um en-ša-am 60 a-na la ḫa-ba-lim | NU.TUK NU.MU.SU | šu-te-šu-ri-im | i-na KA.DINGIR.RA.KI | alim ša ilim ^bu ^iluBêl 65 ri-ši-šu | u-ul-lu-u | i-na Esagila | bîtim ša ki-ma ^bša-me-e | u ir-ṣi-tim ^bišda-šu ki-na 70 di-in ma-tim a-na di-a-nim | pu-ru-zi-e ma-tim | a-na pa-ra-si-im | ḫa-ab-lim šu-te-šu-ri-im | a-wa-ti-ia šu-ku-ra-tim 75 i-na na-ru-ia aš-ṭur-ma | i-na ma-ḫar ṣalmi-ia | šar mi-ša-ri-im | u-ki-in | šarrum ša in šar+alim 80 šu-tu-ru a-na-ku | a-wa-tu-u-a na-aš-ga | li-u-ti ša-ni-nam | u-ul i-na(=ša) | i-na ki-be-it ^iluŠamaš 85 da-a-a-nim ra-bi-im | ša šamê u irṣitim | mi-ša-ri i-na mâtim | li-iš-te-bi | i-na a-wa-at 90 ^iluMarduk be-li-ia | u-zu-ra-tu-u-a | mu-ša-zi-ḳam a ir-ši-a | i-na Esagila | ša a-ra-am-mu ^bšu-mi i-na da-mi-iḳ-tim

COLUMN XLI.

1 a-na da-ar | li-iz-za-ki-ir | a-wi-lum ḫa-ab-lum | ša a-wa-tam 5 i-ra-aš-šu-u | a-na ma-ḫa-ar | ṣalmi-ia ^bšar mi-ša-ri-im | li-il-li-ik-ma | na-ru-i 10 ša-aṭ-ra-am | li-iš-ta-^baš-si-ma | a-wa-ti-ia | šu-ku-ra-tim | li-iš-me-ma 15 na-ru-i a-wa-tam | li-kal-lim-šu | di-in-šu ^bli-mu-ur | li-ib-ba-šu | li-na-ab-bi-iš-ma 20 Ḫa-am-mu-ra-bi-mi | be-lum ša ki-ma ^ba-bi-im | wa-li-di-im | a-na ni-ši | i-ba-aš-šu-u 25 a-na a-wa-at | ^iluMarduk be-li-šu | uš-ta-ak-ti-^bit-ma | ir-ni-ti ^iluMarduk | e-li-iš 30 u ša-ap-li-iš | ik-šu-ud | li-ib-bi ^iluMarduk | be-li-šu u-ti-ib | u ši-ra-am ṭa-ba-am 35 a-na ni-ši | a-na da-ar ^bi-ši-im | u ma-tam | uš-te-še-ir | da-ni-tam 40 li-iḳ-bi-ma | i-na ma-ḫar | ^iluMarduk be-li-ia | ^iluZar-pa-ni-tum | be-el-ti-ia 45 i-na li-ib-bi-šu | ga-am-ri-im | li-ik-ru-ba-am | še-du-um ^bla-ma-zum | ilâni e-ri-bu-ut 50 Esagila | libit Esagila | i-gi-ir-ri-e | ûmi-ša-am | i-na ma-ḫar 55 ^iluMarduk be-li-ia | ^iluZar-pa-ni-tum | be-el-ti-ia | li-dam-mi-ku | a-na wa-ar-ki 60 a(=ṣa)-at ûmi | a-na ma-ti-ma | šarrum ša i-na mâtim | ib-ba-aš-šu-u | a-wa-a-at 65 mi-ša-ri-im | ša i-na na-ru-ia | aš-tu-ru li-ṣur | di-in ma-tim | ša a-di-nu 70 pu-ru-zi-e mâtim | ša ap-ru-su | a u-na-ak-ki-ir | u-zu-ra-ti-ia | a u-ša-zi-iḳ 75 šum-ma a-wi-lum šu-u | ta-ši-im-tam i-šu-ma | ma-zu šu-te-šu-ra-am ^bi-li-i | a-na a-wa-a-tim | ša i-na na-ru-ia ^baš-tu-ru li-gul-ma 80 ki-ib-sa-am ri-dam | di-in mâtim ša a-di-nu | pu-ru-zi-e mâtim | ša ap-ru-su | na-ru-um šu-u 85 li-kal-lim-šu-ma | ṣa-al-ma-at ga-ga-di-šu | li-iš-te-še-ir | di-in-ši-na li-di-in | pu-ru-za-ši-na 90 li-ip-ru-uš | i-na ma-ti-šu ra-ga-am | u ṣi-nam li-zu-uḫ | ši-ir ni-ši-šu | li-ṭi-ib 95 Ḫa-am-mu-ra-bi | šar mi-ša-ri-im | ša ^iluŠamaš ki-na-tim | iš-ru-ku-šum a-na-ku | a-wa-tu-u-a na-aš-ga 100 ip-še-tu-u-a | ša-ni-nam | u-ul i-ša-a | 1 e-la a-na la-ḫa | ZI-IM.RI.GA 105 a-na im-ki-im

COLUMN XLII.

1 a-na ta-na-da-^btim šu-ṣa-a | šum-ma a-wi-lum ^bšu-u | a-na a-wa-ti-ia | ša i-na na-ru-ia ^baš-tu-ru 5 i-gul-ma | di-ni la u-^bša-az-zi-iḳ | a-wa-ti-ia la uš-te-pi-el | u-zu-ra-ti-ia 10 la u-na-ki-ir | a-wi-lum šu-u | ki-ma ia-ti | šar mi-ša-ri-im | ^iluŠamaš ḫaṭṭi-šu 15 li-ir-ri-ik | ni-ši-šu | i-na mi-ša-ri-im ^bli-ri | šum-ma a-wi-lum ^bšu-u | a-wa-ti-ia 20 ša i-na na-ru-ia | aš-tu-ru | la i-gul-ma | ir-ri-ti-ia | i-me-eš-ma 25 ir-ri-it ili | la i-dur-ma | di-in a-di-nu | up-ta-az-zi-is | a-wa-ti-ia 30 uš-te-pi-el | u-zu-ra-ti-ia | ut-ta-ak-ki-ir | šu-mi ša-aṭ-ra-am | ip-ši-iṭ-ma 35 šum-šu iš-ta-dar | aš-šum ir-ri-tim ^bši-na-ti | ša-ni-a-am-ma | uš-ta-ḫi-iz | a-wi-lum šu-u 40 lu šarrum | lu bêlum | lu pa-te-si | u lu a-wi-lu-tum | ša šu-ma-am ^bna-bi-a-at 45 ilum ra-bu-um | a-bu ili | na-bu-u palî-ia | melam šar-ru-tim | li-te-ir-šu 50 ḫaṭṭi-šu | li-iš-bi-ir | ši-ma-ti-šu ^bli-ru-ur | ^iluBêl be-lum | mu-ši-im ^bši-ma-tim 55 ša ki-be-zu | la ut-ta-ka-ru | mu-šar-bu-u | šar-ru-ti-ia | te-ši la šu-ub-^bbi-im 60 ga-zu ra-aḫ | ḫa-la-ḳi-šu | i-na šu-ub-ti-šu | li-ša-ab-bi-^bḫa-aš-šum | palî ta-ne-ḫi-im 65 ûmi i-zu-tim | ša-na-a-at | ḫu-ša-aḫ-ḫi-im | ik-li-it | la na-wa-ri-im 70 mu-ut ni-ṭi-il ^bi-nim | a-na ši-im-tim | li-ši-im-šum | ḫa-la-aḳ ali-šu | na-aš-pu-uḫ ^bni-ši-šu 75 šar-ru-zu šu-bi-lam | šum-šu u zi-kir-šu | i-na ma-tim | la šu-ub-ša-a-am | i-na pî-šu kab-tim 80 li-iḳ-bi | ^iluBêlit | ummum ra-be-tum | ša ki-be-za | i-na E.KUR kab-ta-at 85 bêltum mu-dam-mi-ga-at | i-gi-ir-ri-ia | a-šar ši-ip-di-im | u pu-ru-zi-im | i-na ma-ḫar ^iluBêl 90 a-wa-zu li-li-mi-in | šu-ul-pu-ut ma-ti-šu | ḫa-la-aḳ ni-ši-šu | ta-ba-ak na-piš-ti-šu | ki-ma me-e 93 i-na pî ^iluBêl | šar-ri-im | li-ša-aš-ki-in | ^iluEN.KI rubûm ra-bi-um | ša ši-ma-tu-šu 100 i-na maḫ-ra i-la-ka | abkal ili | mu-di mi-im-ma šum-šu | mu-ša-ri-ku

COLUMN XLIII.

1 û-um ba-la-ṭi-ia | uz-nam | u ne-me-ga-am | li-te-ir-šu-ma 5 i-na mi-ši-tim | li-it-ta-ar-ru-šu | nârâti-šu | i-na na-ak-bi-im | li-is-ki-ir 10 i-na ir-ṣi-ti-šu | ^iluAšnan | na-bi-iš-ti ^bni-ši | a u-ša-ab-ši | ^iluŠamaš da-a-a-nu-um ^bra-bi-um 15 ša ša-me-e | u ir-ṣi-tim | mu-uš-te-še-ir | ša-ak-na-at ^bna-bi-iš-tim | be-lum tu-kul-ti 20 šar-ru-zu ^bli-is-ki-ip | di-in-šu | a i-di-in | u-ru-uḫ-šu ^bli-ši | išid um-ma-ni-šu 25 li-iš-ḫi-[el]-zi | i-na bi-ri-šu | šîram lim-nam | ša na-sa-aḫ | išid šar-ru-ti-šu 30 u ḫa-la-aḳ ma-ti-šu ^bli-iš-ku-un-šum | a-wa-tum ma-ru-uš-tum | ša ^iluŠamaš ar-ḫi-iš | li-ik-šu-zu | e-li-iš 35 i-na ba-al-tu-tim | li-iz-zu-uḫ-šu | ša-ap-li-iš | i-na ir-ṣi-tim | ekimmê-šu 40 me-e li-ša-az-mi | ^iluSin be-el ša-me-e | ilum ba-ni-i | ša še-ri-zu | i-na ili šu-pa-a-at 45 agâm kussâm ^bša šar-ru-tim | li-te-ir-šu | ar-nam kab-tam | še-ri-zu ra-bi-tam | ša i-na zu-um-ri-šu 50 la i-ḫal-li-ḳu | li-mu-zu-ma | ûmi arḫi arḫi | ša-na-a-at palî-šu | i-na ta-ne-ḫi-im 55 u di-im-ma-tim | li-ša-aḳ-ti | kam-ma-al šar-ru-tim | li-ša-ad-di-^bil-šu | ba-la-ṭam 60 ša it-ti mu-tim | ši-ta-an-nu | a-na ši-im-tim | li-ši-im-šum | ^iluAdad be-el ḫêgallim 65 gu-gal ša-me-e | u ir-ṣi-tim | ri-zu-u-a | zu-ni i-na ša-me-e | mi-lam 70 i-na na-ak-bi-im | li-te-ir-šu | ma-zu i-na ḫu-ša-aḫ-ḫi-im | u bu-bu-tim 75 li-ḫal-li-iḳ | e-li ali-šu | iz-zi-iš | li-is-si-ma | ma-zu a-na til ^ba-bu-bi-im 80 li-te-ir | ^iluZA.MA(L).MA(L) | gar-ra-du-um ra-bi-um | mar+ri-eš-tu-um | ša E.KUR 85 a-li-ku im-ni-ia | a-šar tam-ḫa-ri-im | kakka-šu li-iš-bi-ir | û-ma-am a-na mu-ši-im | li-te-ir-šum-ma 90 na-ki-ir-šu e-li-šu | li-iš-zi-iz | ^iluNanâ be-li-it | taḫazim u ḳablê | pa-ti-a-at 95 kakki-ia | la-ma-zi | da-mi-iḳ-tum | ra-i-ma-at palî-ia | i-na li-ib-bi-ša 100 ag-gi-im | i-na uz-za-ti-ša | ra-be-a-tim | šar-ru-zu li-ru-ur | dam-ga-ti-šu 105 a-na li-im-ne-tim | li-te-ir

COLUMN XLIV.

1 li-te-ir | a-šar taḫazim ^bu ḳablê | kakka-šu | li-iš-bi-ir 5 i-ši-tam | za-aḫ-ma-aš-tam | li-iš-ku-un-šum | ḳar-ra-di-šu | li-ša-am-ki-it 10 da-mi-šu-nu | ir-ṣi-tam li-iš-ki | gu-ru-un | ša-al-ma-at | um-ma-na-ti-šu 15 i-na ṣi-ri-im | li-it-ta-ad-di | ṣâb-šu . . . . . am | a-i u-šar-ši | šu-a-ti 20 a-na ga-at ^bna-ak-ri-šu | li-ma-al-li-šu-ma | a-na ma-at nu-ku-^bur-ti-šu | ka-mi-iš li-ru-šu | ^iluNER.URU.GAL 25 dan-nu-um i-na ili | ga-ba-al ^bla ma-ḫa-ar | mu-ša-ak-ši-du | ir-ni-ti-ia | i-na ka-šu-ši-šu 30 ra-bi-im | ki-ma i-ša-tim | iz-zi-tim ^bša a-bi-im | ni-ši-šu | li-ik-me 35 in kakki-šu ^bdan-nim | li-ša-ti-šu-ma | bi-ni-a-ti-šu | ki-ma ṣa-lam ^bdi-di-im | li-iḫ-pu-uš 40 ^iluNIN.TU | bêltum ṣi-ir-tum | ša ma-ta-tim | ummum ba-ni-ti | mâram ^bli-te-ir-šu-ma 45 šu-ma-am | a u-šar-^bši-šu | i-na kir-bi-it ^bni-ši-šu | zêr a-wi-lu-tim | a ib-ni 50 ^iluNIN.KAR.RA.AK | mârat AN.NIM | ga-bi-a-at | dum-ki-ia | i-na Ê.KUR 55 mur-ṣa-am ^bkab-tam | ašakkam li-im-nam | zi-im-ma-am ^bmar-ṣa-am | ša la i-pa-aš-še-ḫu | a-su ki-ri-ib-šu 60 la i-lam-ma-du | i-na zi-im-di | la u-na-^baḫ-ḫu-šu | ki-ma ni-ši-iḳ mu-tim ^bla in-na-za-ḫu | i-na bi-ni-a-^bti-šu 65 li-ša-ṣi-a-^baš-šum-ma | a-di na-bi-iš-^bta-šu | i-bi-el-lu-u | a-na id-lu-ti-šu | li-id-dam-ma-am 70 ilâni rabûti | ša ša-me-e | u ir-ṣi-tim | ^iluA.NUN.NA | i-na puḫri-šu-nu 75 še-it bi-tim | libit Ebabbara | šu-a-ti | zêr-šu | ma-zu ṣâb-šu 80 ni-ši-šu | u um-ma-an-šu | ir-ri-tam | ma-ru-uš-tam ^bli-ru-ru | ir-ri-tim 85 da-ni-a-tim | ^iluBêl | i-na pî-šu | ša la ut-ta-^bak-ka-ru | li-ru-ur-šu-ma 90 ar-ḫi-iš | li-ik-šu-da-šu

[1 ]Better to read with Winckler, [nu-r]a-am.

[1 ]Peiser, e-la a-na la-ḫa-zi-im ri-ḳa.